Article(id=1241322675243643217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309303, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694707200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883988437, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883988437, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883988437, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883988437, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=354, endPage=359, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322675654685043, articleId=1241322675243643217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Correlations between abnormal renal function and nonalcoholic fatty liver, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the association between abnormal renal function indicators (SUA and eGFR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

Based on 2017-2021 Beijing Health Management Cohort, the cross-lagged panel model was used to investigate the causal temporal relationship between abnormal SUA and glomerular filtration rate and the onset of NAFLD.

Results

(1) Increased SUA and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.018, 95% CI: 0.003-0.032) and BMI≥24 kg/m2 (β=0.051, 95% CI: 0.032-0.070), but not the other way around. ② Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI (β=0.048, 95% CI: 0.028-0.068) and baseline HSI to follow-up SUA (β=0.023, 95% CI: 0.005-0.041) were statistically significant in BMI<24 kg/m2. (2) eGFR abnormalities and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.024, 95% CI: 0.012-0.036) and BMI≥24 kg/m2 population (β=0.035, 95% CI: 0.018-0.052), but not the other way around. ② In BMI<24 kg/m2, the path coefficients from baseline eGFR to follow-up HSI and baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

In the general population and BMI≥24 kg/m2, the abnormal SUA is earlier than the incidence of NAFLD, and the incidence of NAFLD may affect the subsequent glomerular filtration rate. In people with normal BMI, the onset of NAFLD is associated with elevated SUA, but not with abnormal glomerular filtration rate.

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目的

评估肾功能指标——血尿酸(Serum uric acid, SUA)和肾小球滤过率(Glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)异常与非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的关联。

方法

以2017—2021年的北京健康管理队列人群为研究对象,基于交叉滞后面板模型探讨血尿酸(SUA)和肾小球滤过率(eGFR)异常与NAFLD发病的因果时序关系。

结果

(1)SUA升高与NAFLD:①在总人群(β=0.018, 95% CI:0.003~0.032) 和BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群(β=0.051, 95% CI:0.032~0.070) 中,从基线SUA 到随访肝脂肪变性指数(HSI)的路径系数均有统计学意义,反之则无统计学意义;②在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,从基线SUA到随访HSI(β=0.048, 95% CI:0.028~0.068) 和基线HSI到随访SUA(β=0.023, 95% CI:0.005~0.041) 的路径系数均有统计学意义。(2)eGFR异常与NAFLD:①在总人群(β=0.024, 95% CI:0.012~0.036) 和BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群(β=0.035, 95% CI:0.018~0.052) 中,从基线HSI到随访eGFR的路径系数均有统计学意义,反之则均无统计学意义。②在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,从基线eGFR到随访HSI和基线HSI到随访eGFR的路径系数均无统计学意义。

结论

在总人群和BMI≥24 kg/m2人群中,SUA异常的发生早于NAFLD的发病,NAFLD的发病会对后续的肾小球滤过率有影响。在BMI正常人群中,NAFLD发病与血尿酸升高相互影响,而与肾小球滤过率异常无关联。

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杨兴华,E-mail:
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阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, 13: 821689., articleTitle=A bidirectional relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolicdysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688564753301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Wang JH, Chen YS, Chen SH, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JH, Chen YS, Chen SH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricaemia in non-obese Chinese: a single-centre cross-sectional study[J]. 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Nutrients, 2022, 14(17): 3587., articleTitle=The additive values of the classification of higher serum uric acid levels as a diagnostic criteria formetabolic-associated fatty liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688724136862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=257, pageEnd=267, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Xing YL, Chen JH, Liu J, journalName=Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xing YL, Chen JH, Liu J, et al. Relationship between serum uric Acid-to-Creatinine ratio and the risk of Metabolic-Associated fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2022, 15: 257-267., articleTitle=Relationship between serum uric Acid-to-Creatinine ratio and the risk of Metabolic-Associated fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688803828641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=67, issue=6, pageStart=1274, pageEnd=1280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Sinn DH, Kang D, Jang HR, journalName=Journal of Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sinn DH, Kang D, Jang HR, et al. Development of chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study[J]. Journal of Hepatology, 2017, 67(6): 1274-1280., articleTitle=Development of chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688870937508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=4718, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Jang HR, Kang D, Sinn DH, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jang HR, Kang D, Sinn DH, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accelerates kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 4718., articleTitle=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accelerates kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688946434981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=153, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Roderburg C, Krieg S, Krieg A, journalName=European Journal of Medical Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roderburg C, Krieg S, Krieg A, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)[J]. European Journal of Medical Research, 2023, 28(1): 153., articleTitle=Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241322686664733507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, awardId=7202010, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金(7202010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678800413194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678808801803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, companyId=1241322678800413194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678821384718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, companyId=1241322678800413194, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京 100069)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322678913659417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678922048025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, companyId=1241322678913659417, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 临床流行病学北京市重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322679035294241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, companyId=1241322679035294241, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 北京市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241322684051682058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flowchart for Screening Research Subjects, figureFileSmall=LLt9Z/WhTqZidFogyJEcfQ==, figureFileBig=xigUNGdo0Uht+kkKguyn8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684198482703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=LLt9Z/WhTqZidFogyJEcfQ==, figureFileBig=xigUNGdo0Uht+kkKguyn8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684412392219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cross-lagged panel analysis of SUA abnormalities and NAFLD, figureFileSmall=vAq1BT+r74/ZFRSS/z5oUQ==, figureFileBig=8qpNgLYU2cMGYz+qQHngxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684546609955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SUA异常与NAFLD发病的交叉滞后分析

注:SUA,血尿酸;HSI,肝脂肪变性指数;r1为同步相关系数;r2r3为自相关系数;β1,即β基线HSI→随访SUAβ2,即β基线SUA→随访HSI,均为交叉滞后路径系数;*,P<0.05。实线表示该方向结果具有统计学意义;虚线则表示该方向结果无统计学意义。模型校正了基线和随访的性别、年龄、BMI、eGFR、血脂异常。

, figureFileSmall=vAq1BT+r74/ZFRSS/z5oUQ==, figureFileBig=8qpNgLYU2cMGYz+qQHngxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684643078951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cross-lagged panel analysis of eGFR abnormalities and NAFLD, figureFileSmall=VLqMoBCCqn9mF7WDjiA0Nw==, figureFileBig=Af5yO/ERTB0gFOUlMBC+iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686169805611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=CN, label=图3, caption=eGFR异常与NAFLD发病的交叉滞后分析

注:eGFR,肾小球滤过率;HSI,肝脂肪变性指数;r1为同步相关系数;r2r3为自相关系数;β1,即β基线HSI→随访eGFRβ2,即β基线eGFR→随访HSI,均为交叉滞后路径系数;*,P<0.05。实线表示该方向结果具有统计学意义;虚线则表示该方向结果无统计学意义。模型校正了基线和随访的性别、年龄、BMI、血尿酸、血脂异常。

, figureFileSmall=VLqMoBCCqn9mF7WDjiA0Nw==, figureFileBig=Af5yO/ERTB0gFOUlMBC+iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686257886002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of research objects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体
(n=13 930)
男性
(n=6 939)
女性
(n=6 991)
P
非酒精性脂肪肝(n,%)4 652(33.40)3 098(44.60)1 554(22.20)<0.001
血脂异常(n,%)3 489(25.00)2 462(35.50)1 027(14.70)<0.001
年龄(岁)41.83(12.42)42.00(12.68)41.67(12.17)0.119
ALT(U/L)20.95(18.52)26.56(21.53)15.39(12.70)<0.001
AST(U/L)18.79(9.47)20.43(10.74)17.16(7.69)<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.76(0.77)2.82(0.76)2.71(0.79)<0.001
TC(mmol/L)4.74(0.92)4.75(0.91)4.73(0.93)0.430
TG(mmol/L)1.42(1.13)1.71(1.36)1.14(0.75)<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.35(0.34)1.20(0.27)1.50(0.33)<0.001
SCr(μmol/L)67.80(13.90)77.76(10.94)57.90(8.36)<0.001
HSI33.80(5.91)35.73(6.13)31.89(5.00)<0.001
SUA(μmol/L)326.21(92.01)382.54(82.42)270.31(62.07)<0.001
eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2)106.35(13.72)104.09(13.49)108.60(13.59)<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)24.36(3.72)25.71(3.56)23.01(3.38)<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)5.50(1.14)5.68(1.32)5.33(0.89)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322686341772086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体
(n=13 930)
男性
(n=6 939)
女性
(n=6 991)
P
非酒精性脂肪肝(n,%)4 652(33.40)3 098(44.60)1 554(22.20)<0.001
血脂异常(n,%)3 489(25.00)2 462(35.50)1 027(14.70)<0.001
年龄(岁)41.83(12.42)42.00(12.68)41.67(12.17)0.119
ALT(U/L)20.95(18.52)26.56(21.53)15.39(12.70)<0.001
AST(U/L)18.79(9.47)20.43(10.74)17.16(7.69)<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.76(0.77)2.82(0.76)2.71(0.79)<0.001
TC(mmol/L)4.74(0.92)4.75(0.91)4.73(0.93)0.430
TG(mmol/L)1.42(1.13)1.71(1.36)1.14(0.75)<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.35(0.34)1.20(0.27)1.50(0.33)<0.001
SCr(μmol/L)67.80(13.90)77.76(10.94)57.90(8.36)<0.001
HSI33.80(5.91)35.73(6.13)31.89(5.00)<0.001
SUA(μmol/L)326.21(92.01)382.54(82.42)270.31(62.07)<0.001
eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2)106.35(13.72)104.09(13.49)108.60(13.59)<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)24.36(3.72)25.71(3.56)23.01(3.38)<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)5.50(1.14)5.68(1.32)5.33(0.89)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322686442435388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cross-lagged panel analysis of the incidence of NAFLD and abnormal SUA and eGFR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型SUA升高与NAFLD发病1
交叉滞后路径系数(95% CI模型拟合
β基线SUA→随访HSIβ基线HSI→随访SUARMRCFI
总人群(n=13 930)0.018a(0.003,0.032)0.001(-0.011,0.014)0.0170.992
分层分析——BMI
BMI≥24 kg/m2(n=6 965)0.051a(0.032,0.070)0.014(-0.004,0.033)0.0390.961
BMI<24 kg/m2 (n=6 965)0.048a(0.028,0.068)0.023a(0.005,0.041)0.0340.971
模型eGFR异常与NAFLD发病2
交叉滞后路径系数(95% CI模型拟合
β基线eGFR→随访HSIβ基线HSI→随访eGFRRMRCFI
总人群(n=13 930)0.009(-0.006,0.023)0.024a(0.012,0.036)0.0130.995
分层分析——BMI
BMI≥24 kg/m2(n=6 965)0.012(-0.007,0.031)0.035a(0.018,0.052)0.0160.993
BMI<24 kg/m2(n=6 965)-0.003(-0.023,0.017)0.004(-0.014,0.021)0.0160.993
), ArticleFig(id=1241322686534710078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322675243643217, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

NAFLD发病与SUA、eGFR异常的交叉滞后分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型SUA升高与NAFLD发病1
交叉滞后路径系数(95% CI模型拟合
β基线SUA→随访HSIβ基线HSI→随访SUARMRCFI
总人群(n=13 930)0.018a(0.003,0.032)0.001(-0.011,0.014)0.0170.992
分层分析——BMI
BMI≥24 kg/m2(n=6 965)0.051a(0.032,0.070)0.014(-0.004,0.033)0.0390.961
BMI<24 kg/m2 (n=6 965)0.048a(0.028,0.068)0.023a(0.005,0.041)0.0340.971
模型eGFR异常与NAFLD发病2
交叉滞后路径系数(95% CI模型拟合
β基线eGFR→随访HSIβ基线HSI→随访eGFRRMRCFI
总人群(n=13 930)0.009(-0.006,0.023)0.024a(0.012,0.036)0.0130.995
分层分析——BMI
BMI≥24 kg/m2(n=6 965)0.012(-0.007,0.031)0.035a(0.018,0.052)0.0160.993
BMI<24 kg/m2(n=6 965)-0.003(-0.023,0.017)0.004(-0.014,0.021)0.0160.993
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肾功能指标异常与非酒精性脂肪肝的关联研究
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阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克 1, 2 , 佟超 3 , 曹腾瑞 1, 2 , 倪雪桐 1, 2 , 汤建敏 1, 2 , 王璇 1, 2 , 杨兴华 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(2): 354-359
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(2): 354-359
肾功能指标异常与非酒精性脂肪肝的关联研究
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阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克1, 2, 佟超3, 曹腾瑞1, 2, 倪雪桐1, 2, 汤建敏1, 2, 王璇1, 2, 杨兴华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京 100069
  • 2. 临床流行病学北京市重点实验室
  • 3. 北京市疾病预防控制中心
  • 阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

杨兴华,E-mail:
Correlations between abnormal renal function and nonalcoholic fatty liver
AHEYEERKE Ha-leng-bie-ke1, 2, Chao TONG3, Teng-rui CAO1, 2, Xue-tong NI1, 2, Jian-min TANG1, 2, Xuan WANG1, 2, Xing-hua YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309303
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目的

评估肾功能指标——血尿酸(Serum uric acid, SUA)和肾小球滤过率(Glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)异常与非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的关联。

方法

以2017—2021年的北京健康管理队列人群为研究对象,基于交叉滞后面板模型探讨血尿酸(SUA)和肾小球滤过率(eGFR)异常与NAFLD发病的因果时序关系。

结果

(1)SUA升高与NAFLD:①在总人群(β=0.018, 95% CI:0.003~0.032) 和BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群(β=0.051, 95% CI:0.032~0.070) 中,从基线SUA 到随访肝脂肪变性指数(HSI)的路径系数均有统计学意义,反之则无统计学意义;②在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,从基线SUA到随访HSI(β=0.048, 95% CI:0.028~0.068) 和基线HSI到随访SUA(β=0.023, 95% CI:0.005~0.041) 的路径系数均有统计学意义。(2)eGFR异常与NAFLD:①在总人群(β=0.024, 95% CI:0.012~0.036) 和BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群(β=0.035, 95% CI:0.018~0.052) 中,从基线HSI到随访eGFR的路径系数均有统计学意义,反之则均无统计学意义。②在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,从基线eGFR到随访HSI和基线HSI到随访eGFR的路径系数均无统计学意义。

结论

在总人群和BMI≥24 kg/m2人群中,SUA异常的发生早于NAFLD的发病,NAFLD的发病会对后续的肾小球滤过率有影响。在BMI正常人群中,NAFLD发病与血尿酸升高相互影响,而与肾小球滤过率异常无关联。

非酒精性脂肪肝  /  血尿酸  /  肾小球滤过率  /  交叉滞后面板模型
Objective

To evaluate the association between abnormal renal function indicators (SUA and eGFR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

Based on 2017-2021 Beijing Health Management Cohort, the cross-lagged panel model was used to investigate the causal temporal relationship between abnormal SUA and glomerular filtration rate and the onset of NAFLD.

Results

(1) Increased SUA and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.018, 95% CI: 0.003-0.032) and BMI≥24 kg/m2 (β=0.051, 95% CI: 0.032-0.070), but not the other way around. ② Path coefficients from baseline SUA to follow-up HSI (β=0.048, 95% CI: 0.028-0.068) and baseline HSI to follow-up SUA (β=0.023, 95% CI: 0.005-0.041) were statistically significant in BMI<24 kg/m2. (2) eGFR abnormalities and NAFLD: ① Path coefficients from baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were statistically significant in both the general population (β=0.024, 95% CI: 0.012-0.036) and BMI≥24 kg/m2 population (β=0.035, 95% CI: 0.018-0.052), but not the other way around. ② In BMI<24 kg/m2, the path coefficients from baseline eGFR to follow-up HSI and baseline HSI to follow-up eGFR were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

In the general population and BMI≥24 kg/m2, the abnormal SUA is earlier than the incidence of NAFLD, and the incidence of NAFLD may affect the subsequent glomerular filtration rate. In people with normal BMI, the onset of NAFLD is associated with elevated SUA, but not with abnormal glomerular filtration rate.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  Uric acid  /  Glomerular filtration rate  /  Cross-lagged panel model
阿合叶尔克·哈冷别克, 佟超, 曹腾瑞, 倪雪桐, 汤建敏, 王璇, 杨兴华. 肾功能指标异常与非酒精性脂肪肝的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 354 -359 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309303
AHEYEERKE Ha-leng-bie-ke, Chao TONG, Teng-rui CAO, Xue-tong NI, Jian-min TANG, Xuan WANG, Xing-hua YANG. Correlations between abnormal renal function and nonalcoholic fatty liver[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 354 -359 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309303
非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)已经成为全球最常见的慢性肝病,全球流行率约25% ,中东地区和南美洲NAFLD患病率最高,非洲最低,包括中国在内的亚洲多数国家NAFLD患病率处于中上水平(>25%)[1]。中国NAFLD患病率为29.2%[2]。NAFLD与慢性肾病[3]、高尿酸血症[4]等疾病的发生发展密切相关。逐年上升的NAFLD患病率给医疗保健系统带来沉重的负担。由于NAFLD可进一步演化为肝硬化和肝癌等疾病,已成为全球性的公共卫生亟待解决的问题[5]。尽管NAFLD已成为全球范围流行病,但目前尚无有效的预防和治疗药物。
目前常见的肾功能指标有尿酸(Uric acid, UA)和肾小球滤过率(Glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)。尿酸是内源性和外源性来源嘌呤代谢的最终产物。血清尿酸(Serum uric acid, SUA)水平由尿酸产生和排泄之间的平衡维持,高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)是由这种平衡的破坏引起的[6]。目前关于HUA与NAFLD的关联尚存争议。Sun等[4]对50项观察性研究进行的荟萃分析显示,高SUA水平者发生NAFLD的风险是低SUA水平者的1.88 倍(95% CI: 1.76~2.00)。但另一方面,有国内研究表明,调整协变量后,基线患有NAFLD是HUA发生的危险因素,HR为1.920(95% CI: 1.261~2.922)[7]
此外,肾小球滤过率与NAFLD发病的关联也尚存争议。Cen等研究[8]发现在中国非肥胖人群中eGFR与NAFLD发病呈负相关和非线性关系。肾小球高滤过(glomerular hyperfiltration, GHF)定义为:高于第95百分位的eGFR。在基于147 162名韩国人的8 年队列研究发现基线时患有GHF的受试者患NAFLD的危险比为1.21 (95% CI: 1.14~1.29),纤维化进展的危险比为1.42(95% CI: 1.11~1.82)。基线eGFR百分位数越高,NAFLD和纤维化的风险越高[9]。但另一方面,涉及7个国家的11项队列研究的荟萃分析表明,NAFLD与慢性肾病(Chronic kidney disease, CKD)的发病相关,其RR为1.39(95% CI: 1.27~1.52)[10]
由上可见,目前有关肾功能指标异常与NAFLD发病的研究结果之间存在分歧,二者的时序关联仍不清楚。本研究基于北京健康体检队列,采用交叉滞后面板分析的研究方法,探索肾功能指标(SUA及eGFR)与成年人NAFLD的时序关联,探讨和确证二者之间是否存在因果关系,为成年人肾功能异常及发生NAFLD的预估和延缓提供科学依据。
本研究选择2017—2021 年的北京健康管理队列人群为研究对象。北京健康管理队列是通过整群抽样来选取固定功能单位人员。本研究以2017年始首次参加体检人员为基线,以2021年为结局。本次研究最长随访是 4.87 年,最短随访时间为3.02 年,中位随访时间为4.04 年(95% CI: 4.036~4.044)。纳入标准为参与2017年及2021年的体检且体检数据完整的成年人。排除标准:(1)年龄<18岁;(2)乙醇摄入量男性>140 g/周,女性>70 g/周;(3)存在其他可引起脂肪肝的疾病;患有恶性肿瘤;患有肾脏疾病;(4)服用降低尿酸药物;(5)重要信息缺失;(6)无随访。本研究经首都医科大学伦理委员批准(编号:2019SY088),本研究的所有受试者均对调查提供了知情同意书。
本研究收集了如下信息:(1)问卷调查:基本情况、生活行为方式、用药史、疾病史等;(2)体格检查:身高、体重;(3)实验室检查:甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose, FPG)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、血尿酸(SUA)、血肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr)等。
以连续性变量SUA、eGFR和HSI代替血尿酸异常、肾小球滤过率异常和非酒精性脂肪肝。
肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的计算 使用CKD-EPI公式计算肾小球滤过率。
女性(1)SCr≤7 mg/L, eGFR=144×0.993age×(SCr/7)-0.329
(2)SCr>7 mg/L, eGFR=144×0.993age×(SCr/7)-1.209
男性(1)SCr≤9 mg/L, eGFR=141×0.993age×(SCr/9)-0.411
(2)SCr>9 mg/L, eGFR=141×0.993age×(SCr/9)-1.209
age代表年龄,SCr代表血清肌酐(mg/L)。
肝脂肪变性指数(HSI)的计算:HSI=8×(ALT/AST)+BMI(如果为女孩,+2;如果为糖尿病,+2)。
血脂异常的诊断:参照《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016 年修订版)》,满足TC≥6.2 mmol/L、TG≥2.3 mmol/L、LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L、HDL-C <1.0 mmol/L中任意一条即可诊断为血脂异常。
本研究拟采用交叉滞后面板模型对肾功能指标(SUA、eGFR)异常与NAFLD之间的双向因果关联进行研究。由于交叉滞后面板模型需纳入连续型变量,因此我们采用SUA、eGFR和肝脂肪变性指数(hepatic steatosis index, HSI)代替二分类变量HUA、肾小球滤过率异常和NAFLD,来探讨肾功能指标异常与HSI的因果时序的关联。
交叉滞后面板模型也称为交叉滞后路径模型,是一种可以探索相互关联的变量间的时间顺序关系的分析方法。公式如下:
公式中β1和β2为交叉滞后路径系数,α1和α2为自相关系数,ε1和ε2为残差。自相关系数是指同一变量不同时点的相关系数;同步相关系数是指同一时点不同变量之间的相关系数;交叉滞后路径系数是指不同时点不同变量间的相关系数。在控制变量之间的自相关和同步相关后,通过比较交叉滞后路径系数的大小来判断时间顺序关系[11]
本研究计数资料以例数和百分比[n(%) ]表示,计量资料以均数±标准差 ()表示。采用SUA、eGFR和NAFLD测量指标分别构建交叉滞后面板模型,在进行交叉滞后分析之前,利用残差分析方法构建研究变量与基线和随访时的性别、年龄、BMI、血脂异常、血尿酸/肾小球滤过率的回归方程,并保留相应的残差进行标准化处理。采用均方根残差(Root mean square residual, RMR)和比较拟合优度指数(Comparative fitness index, CFI)对模型进行评价,当RMR<0.05, CFI>0.90时,表示模型拟合较好。此外,按照BMI进行分层,探索不同人群中变量之间的时序关系。
以上所有的统计分析采用SPSS 26.0及R 4.2.0。采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
在2017年共19 586人参与体检,共有符合纳入排除标准的13 930名研究对象纳入本研究,研究对象筛选流程图见图1。本次研究的人群平均年龄为(41.83±12.42)岁。基线患NAFLD的人为4 652 人(患病率33.4%),男性3 098人(患病率44.6%),女性1 554 人(患病率22.2%)。研究人群的基线信息见表1
SUA与HSI分别替代二值分类变量SUA升高与NAFLD发病拟合交叉滞后面板模型,结果显示,在校正基线和随访的性别、年龄、BMI、eGFR、血脂异常后,在总人群中,SUA与HSI两次测量的自相关系数分别为0.641和0.502,基线同步相关系数为0.091,均有统计学意义。从基线SUA到随访HSI的交叉滞后路径系数(β基线SUA→随访HSI)为0.018(95% CI: 0.003~0.032),具有统计学意义,从基线HSI到随访SUA升高的交叉滞后路径系数(β基线HSI→随访SUA)为0.001(95% CI: -0.011~0.014),无统计学意义,这提示SUA单向影响NAFLD发病,SUA的变化在脂肪肝之前,即存在由SUA升高到NAFLD的时间顺序关系。模型评价指标RMR值为0.017,小于0.050,CFI值为0.992,大于0.900,表明模型拟合情况较好。见图2表2
eGFR与HSI分别替代二值分类变量eGFR异常与NAFLD发病拟合交叉滞后面板模型,结果显示,在校正基线和随访的性别、年龄、BMI、SUA、血脂异常后,在总人群中,eGFR与HSI两次测量的自相关系数分别为0.681和0.504,基线同步相关系数为0.076,均有统计学意义。从基线HSI到随访eGFR的交叉滞后路径系数(β基线HSI→随访eGFR)为0.024(95% CI: 0.012~0.036),具有统计学意义,从基线eGFR到随访HSI的交叉滞后路径系数(β基线eGFR→随访HSI)为0.009 (95% CI: -0.006~0.023),无统计学意义,这提示NAFLD单向影响eGFR,肾小球滤过率异常发生在脂肪肝之后。模型评价指标RMR值为0.013,小于0.050,CFI值为0.995,大于0.900,表明模型拟合情况较好。见图3表2
由于本研究纳入的均为中国人,因此按照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防和控制指南》,BMI以24为分界点进行分层分析。(1)在BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群中,SUA的变化在HSI的改变之前,结果与总人群一致,这提示SUA与HSI之间为单向关系,即存在由HUA到NAFLD发病的时间顺序关系。在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,SUA升高与NAFLD发病存在双向关联,无法分辨其时序关系;(2)在BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群中,HSI的变化在eGFR的改变之前,结果与总人群一致,这提示NAFLD发病对后续肾小球滤过率有影响。在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,eGFR异常与NAFLD发病无时序关系。见表2
我们的研究发现在总人群和BMI≥24 kg/m2的人群中,SUA的变化在HSI的改变之前,即存在由HUA到NAFLD发病的时间顺序关系;eGFR的异常发生在NAFLD发病之后,即存在NAFLD发病到eGFR降低的时间顺序关系。在BMI<24 kg/m2的人群中,NAFLD发病与高尿酸血症存在双向关联;而NAFLD的发病与eGFR降低无关联。
目前,关于HUA与NAFLD之间关联的研究多基于单向,而未考虑双向时序关联。国内纳入21 798名健康体检者的一项研究表明,SUA与NAFLD发病风险独立相关[12]。在日本人群队列中也得到了同样的结果[13]。一项涉及2 079 710名参与者的队列研究和横断面研究的荟萃分析表明,SUA高水平组较低水平组,更易发生NAFLD[4]。此外,韩国大型队列研究发现脂肪肝与HUA发病风险有关,风险比为1.13 (95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.25)[14]。基于中国人群的大型队列也表明NAFLD会影响HUA的发生(OR=1.609,95% CI: 1.129~2.294)[7]。以上研究都只考虑了SUA异常到NAFLD发病或者是否存在NAFLD与SUA异常的单向关系,而缺少二者的双向时序关联分析。
我们的研究基于交叉滞后面板模型探讨二者的双向关联,发现在总人群中HUA发生早于NAFLD发病,其与Ma等人的研究一致[15]。但是我们的研究还发现,在BMI正常人群中,NAFLD 和 HUA间存在双向关联。Yang等人的研究表明高尿酸血症与代谢相关性脂肪肝(metabolic associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD)之间存在双向关系[16]。在Wang等人的研究中确定了脂肪肝与非肥胖人群高尿酸血症相关[17]。SUA通过氧化应激,促进肝脏脂肪的合成和积累[18];通过胰岛素抵抗,导致细胞毒性物质的增加[4];此外,研究发现尿酸可以直接刺激肝脏脂肪堆积[19]。这是对SUA所致NAFLD发病机制的良好补充。而关于NAFLD增加高尿酸血症的风险,是通过黄嘌呤氧化酶在NAFLD细胞和小鼠模型中的表达和活性显著增加来解释的[4]
目前关于NAFLD与eGFR的研究多基于慢性肾病发生之后,而对其早期识别与预防甚少。在一个无CKD的韩国成人队列研究中,CKD定义为肾小球滤过率低于60 ml/min/1.73 m2,该研究表明是否存在NAFLD与CKD发病风险增加相关,其风险比为1.22(95% CI: 1.04~1.43)。CKD的风险随着NAFLD严重程度的增加而逐渐增加[20]。在韩国CKD患者中研究了NAFLD及其严重程度与肾功能纵向下降的关联表明,NAFLD患者与非NAFLD的患者相比,eGFR年百分比变化的平均差异为-1.09% (P=0.009)[21]。本研究中,我们发现在总人群和BMI≥24 kg/m2 人群中NAFLD发生早于eGFR的异常,这与上述研究结果一致,即患有NAFLD会增加eGFR异常的风险。在BMI<24 kg/m2 人群中,NAFLD与eGFR异常之间不存在关联。这可能是肥胖似乎会引发肝脏和肾脏脂肪细胞之间通过AMP依赖的蛋白激酶[Adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, AMPK]、胎球蛋白A和脂联素引发炎症级联反应,导致终末器官损伤有关[22]
本研究存在一些局限性,首先,我们只使用了两种肾功能指标(SUA和eGFR)来探讨其与NAFLD的关联;其次,我们的研究基于北京市健康体检队列,研究人群限于固定功能单位的在职或离退休人员,不是全人群的样本,研究结果不可外推到全人群。
综上所述,本研究发现HUA的发生早于NAFLD的发病,NAFLD的发病会对后续的肾小球滤过率有影响。在BMI正常人群中,NAFLD发病与高尿酸血症相互影响。因此,在高尿酸血症患者或非酒精性脂肪肝患者中,应考虑进行筛查和干预,以降低NAFLD或高尿酸血症的发病风险。在肾功能异常的防治中,应重视NAFLD患者,积极筛查和干预,防止肾功能的进一步损害。
  • 北京市自然科学基金(7202010)
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309303
  • 接收时间:2023-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15
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北京市自然科学基金(7202010)
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    1.首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京 100069
    2. 临床流行病学北京市重点实验室
    3. 北京市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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