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Objective

To understand the changes of height and growth retardation of students in nutrition improvement plan areas from 2012 to 2021 since the implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Plan for Students receiving Compulsory Education in Rural areas" in 2011, so as to provide a theoretical basis for better improvement of students’ health status and further decision-making.

Methods

The stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate nutritional status of the students in the monitored schools in Hebei Province by physical examination, monitoring their height and calculating the growth retardation rate.

Results

In 2021, the average height of male and female students in the same age group increased by 3.62cm and 2.65cm on average compared with 2012. The height increase of boys and girls in the same age group was statistically different (all P<0.01). From 2012 to 2021, the peak of average height increase for boys was between the ages of 12 and 13, with an added value of 5.7cm, while that of girls was between the age of 11 and 12, with an added value of 4.3cm. From 2012 to 2021, the growth retarding rates of boys and girls decreased year by year, and the Chi-square linear trend test showed that the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square linear trend test all P<0.005).

Conclusion

From 2012 to 2021, the average height of students aged 6 to 15 years old in the areas under the nutrition improvement plan of rural students in our province increased. However, since the baseline data in 2012 was higher than the national level in rural areas, the height has tended to be stable in recent years, so the average growth rate of students is lower than the national level, and the growth retardation rate of students shows a decreasing trend year by year, and the growth retardation rate is lower than the national average level.

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目的

了解2012—2021年 “农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”实施以来,河北省营养改善地区学生身高的变化及生长迟缓状况的变化,为更好的改善学生健康状况以及为下一步决策提供依据。

方法

采用分层整群的抽样方法对河北省纳入监测的学校的学生进行体检,测量其身高计算生长迟缓率。

结果

2021年同年龄段男生、女生平均身高比2012年平均增长3.62 cm、2.65 cm(P均<0.01)。2012—2021年间男生平均身高增长的峰值在12、13岁,增加值为5.7 cm,女生平均身高增长的峰值在11、12岁,增加值为4.3 cm。男生、女生的生长迟缓率逐年下降(卡方线性趋势检验P均<0.005)。

结论

2012—2021年我省农村学生营养改善计划地区 6~15岁学生平均身高均增加,但身高平均增速低于全国水平,学生生长迟缓率呈逐年下降趋势,生长迟缓率低于全国平均水平。

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刘长青,E-mail:
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苗润晓(1990—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:营养与食品安全

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Guangxi Medical Journal, 2023, 45(6): 686-689., articleTitle=The effect of "Pilot project on improving Child Nutrition in Poor Areas" on the growth and development of children under 5 years old in Guangxi, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322677965746621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322677978329534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, companyId=1241322677965746621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322677990912447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, companyId=1241322677965746621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北 石家庄 050021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241322683061826267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Height difference (cm) of male students in each age group from 2012 to 2021, figureFileSmall=GOV5QJWzQfNdhrvHxCu4/A==, figureFileBig=mi13JhpmSzCvXbRvT2FaHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322683175072482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2012—2021年每个年龄段男生增长身高差值(cm), figureFileSmall=GOV5QJWzQfNdhrvHxCu4/A==, figureFileBig=mi13JhpmSzCvXbRvT2FaHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322683405759211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Height difference (cm) of female students in each age group from 2012 to 2021, figureFileSmall=/cK436VxNSvxy7jhvgWpMA==, figureFileBig=kkxaIAU6DUW0CwlXxXzAOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322683510616816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2012—2021年每个年龄段女生增长身高差值(cm), figureFileSmall=/cK436VxNSvxy7jhvgWpMA==, figureFileBig=kkxaIAU6DUW0CwlXxXzAOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322683628057332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Tabla 1, caption=

Distribution of students in China Nutrition Improvement Program area during 2012-2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项2012年2015年2018年2021年
性别46 90340 75934 36846 319
44 23439 69832 78245 217
年龄(岁)66 4436 0355 6575 177
711 7979 3327 36310 142
812 0539 6938 21110 439
910 36910 6009 79912 211
1012 24810 47310 12711 925
1111 6859 6129 52911 727
129 2947 0036 2639 452
136 9357 0444 3607 858
146 2166 6813 8437 944
154 0973 9841 9984 661
合计91 13780 45767 15091 536
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683728720635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2012—2021年营养改善计划地区调查学生一般情况分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项2012年2015年2018年2021年
性别46 90340 75934 36846 319
44 23439 69832 78245 217
年龄(岁)66 4436 0355 6575 177
711 7979 3327 36310 142
812 0539 6938 21110 439
910 36910 6009 79912 211
1012 24810 47310 12711 925
1111 6859 6129 52911 727
129 2947 0036 2639 452
136 9357 0444 3607 858
146 2166 6813 8437 944
154 0973 9841 9984 661
合计91 13780 45767 15091 536
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683820995327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes in the mean height (cm) of male students in the nutrition improvement program area between 2012 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2021年差值tP
6121.0±6.48122.6±5.951.6-9.761<0.01
7125.3±6.77127.2±6.221.9-15.616<0.01
8130.4±7.39132.7±6.632.3-17.086<0.01
9135.7±7.56138.3±7.122.6-19.141<0.01
10140.8±7.78144.0±7.333.2-23.880<0.01
11145.9±8.14150.2±8.104.3-28.698<0.01
12151.7±9.18157.4±8.705.7-30.981<0.01
13158.8±8.85164.5±7.745.7-29.383<0.01
14163.3±8.03168.3±7.185.0-27.472<0.01
15165.5±7.94169.4±7.483.9-17.429<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683942630150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2012与2021年营养改善计划地区男生身高(cm)均值的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2021年差值tP
6121.0±6.48122.6±5.951.6-9.761<0.01
7125.3±6.77127.2±6.221.9-15.616<0.01
8130.4±7.39132.7±6.632.3-17.086<0.01
9135.7±7.56138.3±7.122.6-19.141<0.01
10140.8±7.78144.0±7.333.2-23.880<0.01
11145.9±8.14150.2±8.104.3-28.698<0.01
12151.7±9.18157.4±8.705.7-30.981<0.01
13158.8±8.85164.5±7.745.7-29.383<0.01
14163.3±8.03168.3±7.185.0-27.472<0.01
15165.5±7.94169.4±7.483.9-17.429<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684051682060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in the mean height (cm) of female students in the nutrition Improvement program area between 2012 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2021年差值tP
6120.4±6.29121.8±5.731.4-8.621<0.01
7124.6±6.54126.4±6.031.8-15.496<0.01
8129.6±7.05131.8±6.692.2-17.087<0.01
9135.4±7.59137.8±7.412.4-16.418<0.01
10141.2±8.07144.8±7.813.6-24.893<0.01
11146.9±8.32151.2±7.704.3-28.899<0.01
12152.1±8.02156.4±6.914.3-27.158<0.01
13156.9±7.32159.7±6.092.8-18.055<0.01
14159.3±6.45161.1±6.111.8-11.640<0.01
15159.8±6.59161.7±6.011.9-9.834<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684206871312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2012与2021年营养改善计划地区女生身高(cm)均值的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2021年差值tP
6120.4±6.29121.8±5.731.4-8.621<0.01
7124.6±6.54126.4±6.031.8-15.496<0.01
8129.6±7.05131.8±6.692.2-17.087<0.01
9135.4±7.59137.8±7.412.4-16.418<0.01
10141.2±8.07144.8±7.813.6-24.893<0.01
11146.9±8.32151.2±7.704.3-28.899<0.01
12152.1±8.02156.4±6.914.3-27.158<0.01
13156.9±7.32159.7±6.092.8-18.055<0.01
14159.3±6.45161.1±6.111.8-11.640<0.01
15159.8±6.59161.7±6.011.9-9.834<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684336894744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Growth retardation rate (%) of male students in the Nutrition Improvement Program area from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2015年2018年2021年
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
63 2091.93 0892.02 9420.62 6150.7
76 0572.54 7172.23 8010.85 2340.8
86 2163.34 8933.04 1940.85 3400.8
95 3593.45 3903.04 9751.26 1641.1
106 3392.95 2603.35 1471.26 0651.2
115 9572.84 8203.54 8591.25 8780.7
124 8462.73 5932.63 2692.34 7140.4
133 5251.53 6231.02 2011.13 9140.1
143 2140.63 3620.81 9421.53 9500.1
152 1812.52 0122.01 0382.62 4450.8
合计46 9032.640 7592.534 3681.246 3190.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684445946654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2012—2021年营养改善计划地区男生生长迟缓率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2015年2018年2021年
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
63 2091.93 0892.02 9420.62 6150.7
76 0572.54 7172.23 8010.85 2340.8
86 2163.34 8933.04 1940.85 3400.8
95 3593.45 3903.04 9751.26 1641.1
106 3392.95 2603.35 1471.26 0651.2
115 9572.84 8203.54 8591.25 8780.7
124 8462.73 5932.63 2692.34 7140.4
133 5251.53 6231.02 2011.13 9140.1
143 2140.63 3620.81 9421.53 9500.1
152 1812.52 0122.01 0382.62 4450.8
合计46 9032.640 7592.534 3681.246 3190.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684542415650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Growth retardation rate (%) of female students in the Nutrition Improvement Program area from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2015年2018年2021年
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
63 2341.62 9462.22 7150.42 5620.7
75 7401.84 6152.33 5620.74 9080.6
85 8372.34 8001.74 0170.85 0990.6
95 0102.65 2102.24 8240.96 0470.8
105 9091.85 2132.14 9801.25 8600.6
115 7282.34 7922.84 6701.25 8490.6
124 4482.13 4102.52 9942.14 7380.3
133 4101.43 4211.02 1591.83 9440.1
143 0020.63 3190.91 9011.33 9940.2
151 9161.51 9721.19602.02 2160.5
合计44 2341.939 6982.032 7821.145 2170.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241322684643078953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322674840990009, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2012—2021年营养改善计划地区女生生长迟缓率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
2012年2015年2018年2021年
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
监测人数生长迟缓率
(%)
63 2341.62 9462.22 7150.42 5620.7
75 7401.84 6152.33 5620.74 9080.6
85 8372.34 8001.74 0170.85 0990.6
95 0102.65 2102.24 8240.96 0470.8
105 9091.85 2132.14 9801.25 8600.6
115 7282.34 7922.84 6701.25 8490.6
124 4482.13 4102.52 9942.14 7380.3
133 4101.43 4211.02 1591.83 9440.1
143 0020.63 3190.91 9011.33 9940.2
151 9161.51 9721.19602.02 2160.5
合计44 2341.939 6982.032 7821.145 2170.5
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2012—2021年河北省营养改善计划地区义务教育阶段学生身高及生长迟缓率变化
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苗润晓 , 罗晓燕 , 赵晶晶 , 周园园 , 田美娜 , 乔晓芳 , 刘长青
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(2): 250-253
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(2): 250-253
2012—2021年河北省营养改善计划地区义务教育阶段学生身高及生长迟缓率变化
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苗润晓, 罗晓燕, 赵晶晶, 周园园, 田美娜, 乔晓芳, 刘长青
作者信息
  • 河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北 石家庄 050021
  • 苗润晓(1990—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:营养与食品安全

通讯作者:

刘长青,E-mail:
Changes of height and growth retardation rate of compulsory education students in nutrition improvement plan area of Hebei, 2012-2021
Run-xiao MIAO, Xiao-yan LUO, Jing-jing ZHAO, Yuan-yuan ZHOU, Mei-na TIAN, Xiao-fang QIAO, Chang-qing LIU
Affiliations
  • Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306061
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目的

了解2012—2021年 “农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”实施以来,河北省营养改善地区学生身高的变化及生长迟缓状况的变化,为更好的改善学生健康状况以及为下一步决策提供依据。

方法

采用分层整群的抽样方法对河北省纳入监测的学校的学生进行体检,测量其身高计算生长迟缓率。

结果

2021年同年龄段男生、女生平均身高比2012年平均增长3.62 cm、2.65 cm(P均<0.01)。2012—2021年间男生平均身高增长的峰值在12、13岁,增加值为5.7 cm,女生平均身高增长的峰值在11、12岁,增加值为4.3 cm。男生、女生的生长迟缓率逐年下降(卡方线性趋势检验P均<0.005)。

结论

2012—2021年我省农村学生营养改善计划地区 6~15岁学生平均身高均增加,但身高平均增速低于全国水平,学生生长迟缓率呈逐年下降趋势,生长迟缓率低于全国平均水平。

营养改善  /  学生  /  身高  /  生长迟缓
Objective

To understand the changes of height and growth retardation of students in nutrition improvement plan areas from 2012 to 2021 since the implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Plan for Students receiving Compulsory Education in Rural areas" in 2011, so as to provide a theoretical basis for better improvement of students’ health status and further decision-making.

Methods

The stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate nutritional status of the students in the monitored schools in Hebei Province by physical examination, monitoring their height and calculating the growth retardation rate.

Results

In 2021, the average height of male and female students in the same age group increased by 3.62cm and 2.65cm on average compared with 2012. The height increase of boys and girls in the same age group was statistically different (all P<0.01). From 2012 to 2021, the peak of average height increase for boys was between the ages of 12 and 13, with an added value of 5.7cm, while that of girls was between the age of 11 and 12, with an added value of 4.3cm. From 2012 to 2021, the growth retarding rates of boys and girls decreased year by year, and the Chi-square linear trend test showed that the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square linear trend test all P<0.005).

Conclusion

From 2012 to 2021, the average height of students aged 6 to 15 years old in the areas under the nutrition improvement plan of rural students in our province increased. However, since the baseline data in 2012 was higher than the national level in rural areas, the height has tended to be stable in recent years, so the average growth rate of students is lower than the national level, and the growth retardation rate of students shows a decreasing trend year by year, and the growth retardation rate is lower than the national average level.

Nutrition improvement  /  Students  /  Height  /  Growth retardation
苗润晓, 罗晓燕, 赵晶晶, 周园园, 田美娜, 乔晓芳, 刘长青. 2012—2021年河北省营养改善计划地区义务教育阶段学生身高及生长迟缓率变化. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 250 -253 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306061
Run-xiao MIAO, Xiao-yan LUO, Jing-jing ZHAO, Yuan-yuan ZHOU, Mei-na TIAN, Xiao-fang QIAO, Chang-qing LIU. Changes of height and growth retardation rate of compulsory education students in nutrition improvement plan area of Hebei, 2012-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 250 -253 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306061
6~15岁涵盖了学龄期与青春发育期,是儿童生理和心理发育的黄金时期。研究表明,生长迟缓不仅影响中小学生身体发育,还制约其智力发育,甚至成年后可能影响生产力、社会地位乃至后代的发育水平,还会增加成年后患病和死亡的风险,是制约国家人力资本、经济发展和社会进步的重要因素[1-4]。对于经济水平比较落后的地区,膳食营养摄入等因素对身高影响比遗传因素更大[5-6]。为提高我国贫困农村地区学生营养水平,国家从2011年起为集中连片特殊困难地区义务教育学生提供每个学习日3元的营养膳食补助(2014年增长为每人每天4元)。河北省从2012年起对“学生营养改善计划”的地区进行学生营养与健康状况监测。本研究数据来源于“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”营养健康监测项目。
本次研究资料来源于2012年、2015年、2018年、2021年的农村义务教育学生营养改善计划监测评估,包括全省的22个监测县。
采用随机抽样的方法,在各监测县按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式,各随机抽取10%的小学和初中,被抽取的学校作为监测学校(本次调查的学校),原则上每学年监测学校不变。采用分层整群抽样的方法从小学一年级到初中三年级以教学班为单位,每年级抽取一个班,每班不少于40人,男女生各半。
按照《学生健康检查技术规范》(GB/T 26343—2010)[7]要求,体格检查尽量保持每年的体检季节和每天体检时间段相同,要求清晨空腹状态下体检;身高测量设备采用精度为0.1cm的立柱式身高测量仪。测量要求学生脱去鞋、帽、厚的外套。身高测量和数据录入人员均经过统一的专业培训。生长迟缓的判定依据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T 456—2014)[8],以身高小于或等于对应年龄、性别的身高界值判定为生长迟缓。本研究已通过中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所伦理审查委员会审查(No.2021018),所有调查对象均在调查之前签署了知情同意书。
采用SPSS 22.0软件整理和统计分析数据,身高均值的比较使用两样本t检验,不同性别的学生之间生长迟缓率的差异采用卡方检验;采用卡方线性趋势检验的方法评价2012—2021年生长迟缓率的变化。
2012年、2015年、2018年、2021年监测河北农村营养改善计划地区学生身高有效数据分别为91 137份、80 457份、67 150份、91 536份。各年龄、性别学生构成见表1
2021年6~15岁男生平均身高比2012年平均增长3.62 cm,女生平均身高比2012年平均增长2.65 cm。十年间男生平均身高增长的峰值为12、13岁,女生平均身高增长的峰值为11、12岁。2021年较2012年各年龄段男生女生的身高增长均有统计学意义(P<0.01)(表2表3)。2012年、2015年、2018年、2021年男生身高增长速度高峰分别为13岁、12岁、13岁和12岁,女生身高增长速度高峰均为10岁(图1图2)。
2012、2015、2018、2021年营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓率分别为2.3%、2.2%、1.2%和0.6%,其中男生生长迟缓率分别为2.6%、2.5%、1.2%和0.7%,女生分别为1.9%、2.0%、1.1%和0.5%(表4表5)。2012—2021年间男生、女生的生长迟缓率均为下降趋势(P均<0.005)。2012年、2015年和2021年男生生长迟缓率高于女生(χ2=42.518、24.718、14.432,P均<0.001),2018年男生女生生长迟缓率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.097,P=0.295)。
自2012年河北省“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”实施以来,义务教育阶段的男性学生平均身高增长3.62 cm,女生平均身高增长2.65 cm,男生女生均低于2010 和 2014 年全国学生体质健康调研数据中全国农村中小学生的年平均增速(0.4 cm) 的水平[9-10]。经查阅资料发现[11],2012年研究结果作为基数数据较全国水平存在偏高的现象,并且近几年随着“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”供餐模式逐渐成熟,供餐结构逐渐稳定,学生身高较往年趋于平稳,所以平均身高增速较全国水平略低。
2012年、2015年、2018年和2021年河北省义务教育阶段男性学生的身高增长速度高峰分别为13岁、12岁、13岁、12岁,2012年、2015年、2018年和2021年女生身高增长速度高峰均为10岁,女生突增期比男生早2~3年到来,这一现象使得6~15岁男生与女生生长过程中身高随年龄增长而增加出现两次交叉,此结果与北京学龄儿童研究结果一致[12],提示我们在学生营养监测与营养宣教工作中,需关注到儿童青少年生长发育过程中每一个阶段,尤其身高增速高峰期,科学、合理的保证儿童青少年各营养素的摄入水平,以利于其成长。
由于我国国土辽阔、地形复杂和自然环境不一,不同地区居民的身高自然也有所不同[13]。研究表明[14],河北省属于华北地区,东北、华北、西北地区省份男性女性的平均身高属超中等型,故当生长迟缓检出标准全国统一的情况下,我省生长迟缓率低于全国平均水平属正常现象。目前仅了解到2021年广西汉族中小学生生长迟缓率为1.31%。所以在分地区计算生长迟缓率资料不全的情况下,我们只有比较率的下降情况:中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[15]显示:2012年全国农村儿童青少年生长迟缓率为4.7%,2020年全国农村儿童青少年生长迟缓率为2.2%,年均降速5.91%,本研究中我省2012年6~15岁儿童青少年生长迟缓率为2.3%,2021年为0.6%,年均降速7.39%。表明学生营养改善计划对我省农村学生生长发育起到非常大的促进作用。本研究中,2012年、2015年、2018年、2021年均为13岁男生的生长迟缓率在各年龄段中下降幅度最大,女生分别为14岁、13岁、14岁、12岁生长迟缓的改善效果最为明显。13岁左右儿童处于生长突增期[16],该时间段的营养改善可有效促进儿童的生长潜力。尤其近年来不论是家长、学校乃至社会对学校营养餐关注度越来越高,围绕校餐与营养改善计划的研究成果也越来越丰富[17],我们应抓住孩子们的每一个发育关键阶段,从营养改善及膳食行为习惯方面进行引导。
我国实施“营养改善计划”的目的是改善学生的营养健康状况,促进儿童健康发展,实现教育公平。所以在营养改善计划实施的十年里,在国家大力度的不断调整政策以适应最新形势下,使得我省学校管理日渐完善,供餐模式日渐合理,学生生长发育日渐理想,今后我省仍将贯彻落实国家方案要求,加强营养宣传教育工作,培养学生健康合理饮食,更好的改善学生营养状况。
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306061
  • 接收时间:2023-06-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-08
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    河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北 石家庄 050021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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