Article(id=1241322672349573314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308314, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692547200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883987748, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883987748, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883987748, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883987748, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=216, endPage=220, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322673091965140, articleId=1241322672349573314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Correlation analyses between Chinese visceral adipose index and the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly base on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the correlation between visceral fat index(CVAI) and the incidence of diabetes in Chinese elderly population.

Methods

The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS) 2011 and 2015 waves. A total of 2 295 elderly people aged ≥60 years were included. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between CVAI and the incidence of diabetes. The restricted cubic spline(RCS) method was used to test the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analysis was performed according to BMI.

Results

333(14.50%) of the 2295 elderly participants developed diabetes during the 4-year follow-up period. CVAI were divided by quartiles. There were statistically significant differences in baseline FBG, HBA1c, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, UA, gender, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension history and follow-up incident diabetes among groups(P<0.05). Compared with the group with lowest quartile of CVAI Q1, the OR(95% CI) in the group the highest quartile of CVAI Q4 was 1.96(1.37-2.83). The restricted cubic splines model results showed that the higher CVAI accompanied by higher risk of incident diabetes in the elderly. Subgroup analysis showed that CVAI was independently associated with incident diabetes in both non-overweight and overweight/obese groups.

Conclusion

There is a positive association between CVAI the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population. The control of visceral fat in the elderly is helpful to prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

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目的

探讨中国人内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)与我国老年人口糖尿病发病之间的关系。

方法

纳入参与2011年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查的2 295名60岁以上老年人作为研究对象,采用二元logistic回归法分析CVAI水平与老年人糖尿病发病之间的关系,同时采用限制性立方样条模型进行拟合检验其剂量反应关系;根据体质指数(BMI)将参与者分为不同的亚组进行分析。

结果

2 295名老年人四年随访期间有333人(14.50%)发生糖尿病。将CVAI以四分位数分为四组,组间基线SBP、DBP、FBG、HBA1c、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL- C、UA以及性别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压病史和随访糖尿病发生情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与CVAI最低4分位Q1组相比,最高4分位Q4组老年人群发生糖尿病的OR(95% CI)为1.96(1.37~2.83)。限制性立方样条模型拟合结果显示CVAI越高,老年人发生糖尿病风险越高。亚组分析结果显示,非超重肥胖组和超重肥胖组均显示CVAI与糖尿病发生独立相关。

结论

CVAI与老年人群发生糖尿病的风险呈正相关,老年人控制内脏脂肪有助于预防糖尿病的发生。

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邓桂芳,E-mail:
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战博文(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

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Baseline characteristics of study subjects divided according to the quartile of CVAI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总计(n=2 295)Q1(n=573)
(≤43.659 63)
Q2(n=574)
(43.659 63~91.959)
Q3(n=574)
(91.959~126.659)
Q4(n=574)
(≥126.659)
P
年龄[岁,M(P25, P75)]66.0(62.0,70.0)65.0(62.0,70.0)66.0(62.0,71.0)65.0(62.0,70.0)66.0(62.2,70.8)0.117
性别[n,(%)]<0.001
1 170(51.00)317(55.30)333(58.00)256(44.60)264(46.00)
1 125(49.00)256(44.70)241(42.00)318(55.40)310(54.00)
吸烟史[n,(%)]<0.001
990(43.10)289(50.40)271(47.20)206(35.90)224(39.00)
1 305(56.90)284(49.60)303(52.80)368(64.10)350(61.00)
饮酒史[n,(%)]<0.001
1 546(67.40)360(62.80)368(64.10)421(73.3)397(69.20)
749(32.60)213(37.20)206(35.90)153(26.7)177(30.80)
高血压史[n,(%)]<0.001
1 218(53.10)387(67.50)351(61.10)274(47.70)206(35.90)
1 077(46.90)186(32.50)223(38.90)300(52.30)368(64.10)
糖尿病[n,(%)]<0.001
1 962(85.50)517(90.20)513(89.40)482(84.00)450(78.40)
333(14.50)56(9.80)61(10.60)92(16.00)124(21.60)
BMI(kg/m2,)22.79±3.6319.56±1.8621.46±2.3723.52±2.6126.63±3.05<0.001
SBP(mmHg,)133.22±22.22127.37±20.90130.74±22.69135.54±21.45139.21±21.98<0.001
DBP(mmHg,)74.59±11.7471.95±11.2072.86±11.8475.64±11.3977.91±11.59<0.001
FBG(mmol/L,)5.62±0.645.53±0.625.57±0.655.65±0.665.72±0.61<0.001
HBA1c(%,)5.14±0.395.12±0.395.12±0.375.11±0.405.20±0.39<0.001
TG(mmol/L,)1.32±0.760.98±0.511.15±0.561.41±0.761.73±0.92<0.001
TC(mmol/L,)5.01±1.004.90±0.944.95±1.005.05±0.945.15±1.08<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.37±0.401.61±0.421.44±0.371.29±0.321.13±0.29<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L,)3.07±0.902.89±0.813.03±0.893.13±0.863.21±1.02<0.001
UA(mg/dL,)4.53±1.254.37±1.254.38±1.194.54±1.204.83±1.31<0.001
BUN(mg/dL,)16.20±4.5416.53±4.7616.36±4.8516.07±4.315.85±4.190.050
), ArticleFig(id=1241322682889859794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322672349573314, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

根据CVAI四分位数分组的基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总计(n=2 295)Q1(n=573)
(≤43.659 63)
Q2(n=574)
(43.659 63~91.959)
Q3(n=574)
(91.959~126.659)
Q4(n=574)
(≥126.659)
P
年龄[岁,M(P25, P75)]66.0(62.0,70.0)65.0(62.0,70.0)66.0(62.0,71.0)65.0(62.0,70.0)66.0(62.2,70.8)0.117
性别[n,(%)]<0.001
1 170(51.00)317(55.30)333(58.00)256(44.60)264(46.00)
1 125(49.00)256(44.70)241(42.00)318(55.40)310(54.00)
吸烟史[n,(%)]<0.001
990(43.10)289(50.40)271(47.20)206(35.90)224(39.00)
1 305(56.90)284(49.60)303(52.80)368(64.10)350(61.00)
饮酒史[n,(%)]<0.001
1 546(67.40)360(62.80)368(64.10)421(73.3)397(69.20)
749(32.60)213(37.20)206(35.90)153(26.7)177(30.80)
高血压史[n,(%)]<0.001
1 218(53.10)387(67.50)351(61.10)274(47.70)206(35.90)
1 077(46.90)186(32.50)223(38.90)300(52.30)368(64.10)
糖尿病[n,(%)]<0.001
1 962(85.50)517(90.20)513(89.40)482(84.00)450(78.40)
333(14.50)56(9.80)61(10.60)92(16.00)124(21.60)
BMI(kg/m2,)22.79±3.6319.56±1.8621.46±2.3723.52±2.6126.63±3.05<0.001
SBP(mmHg,)133.22±22.22127.37±20.90130.74±22.69135.54±21.45139.21±21.98<0.001
DBP(mmHg,)74.59±11.7471.95±11.2072.86±11.8475.64±11.3977.91±11.59<0.001
FBG(mmol/L,)5.62±0.645.53±0.625.57±0.655.65±0.665.72±0.61<0.001
HBA1c(%,)5.14±0.395.12±0.395.12±0.375.11±0.405.20±0.39<0.001
TG(mmol/L,)1.32±0.760.98±0.511.15±0.561.41±0.761.73±0.92<0.001
TC(mmol/L,)5.01±1.004.90±0.944.95±1.005.05±0.945.15±1.08<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.37±0.401.61±0.421.44±0.371.29±0.321.13±0.29<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L,)3.07±0.902.89±0.813.03±0.893.13±0.863.21±1.02<0.001
UA(mg/dL,)4.53±1.254.37±1.254.38±1.194.54±1.204.83±1.31<0.001
BUN(mg/dL,)16.20±4.5416.53±4.7616.36±4.8516.07±4.315.85±4.190.050
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683019883222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322672349573314, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of correlation between CVAI and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CVAI四分位分组模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
CVAI1.009(1.007~1.012)<0.0011.009(1.007~1.012)<0.0011.007(1.004~1.010)<0.001
Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.10(0.75~1.61)0.6331.09(0.74~1.60)0.6521.06(0.72~1.56)0.778
Q31.76(1.24~2.52)0.0021.72(1.21~2.47)0.0031.58(1.10~2.29)0.015
Q42.54(1.82~3.60)<0.0012.49(1.78~3.52)<0.0011.96(1.37~2.83)<0.001
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683149906655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322672349573314, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CVAI与老年人糖尿病发病相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CVAI四分位分组模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
CVAI1.009(1.007~1.012)<0.0011.009(1.007~1.012)<0.0011.007(1.004~1.010)<0.001
Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.10(0.75~1.61)0.6331.09(0.74~1.60)0.6521.06(0.72~1.56)0.778
Q31.76(1.24~2.52)0.0021.72(1.21~2.47)0.0031.58(1.10~2.29)0.015
Q42.54(1.82~3.60)<0.0012.49(1.78~3.52)<0.0011.96(1.37~2.83)<0.001
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683250569956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322672349573314, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the correlation between CVAI and the incidence of diabetes in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组CVAI四分位分组模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)POR (95% CI)POR (95% CI)P
BMI<24Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.28(0.81~2.03)0.2911.28(0.81~2.03)0.2971.26(0.79~2.01)0.328
Q31.10(0.68~1.76)0.7011.09(0.68~1.75)0.7261.02(0.63~1.65)0.943
Q41.94(1.27~3.01)0.0021.95(1.27~3.03)0.0031.69(1.08~2.66)0.022
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
BMI≥24Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.98(1.11~3.62)0.0231.91(1.07~3.52)0.0321.93(1.05~3.64)0.037
Q31.86(1.03~3.41)0.0421.80(0.99~3.33)0.0561.80(0.97~3.42)0.066
Q43.36(1.95~6.01)<0.0013.20(1.83~5.77)<0.0012.67(1.47~4.99)0.002
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322683359621865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322672349573314, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CVAI与老年人糖尿病发病相关性亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组CVAI四分位分组模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)POR (95% CI)POR (95% CI)P
BMI<24Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.28(0.81~2.03)0.2911.28(0.81~2.03)0.2971.26(0.79~2.01)0.328
Q31.10(0.68~1.76)0.7011.09(0.68~1.75)0.7261.02(0.63~1.65)0.943
Q41.94(1.27~3.01)0.0021.95(1.27~3.03)0.0031.69(1.08~2.66)0.022
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
BMI≥24Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q21.98(1.11~3.62)0.0231.91(1.07~3.52)0.0321.93(1.05~3.64)0.037
Q31.86(1.03~3.41)0.0421.80(0.99~3.33)0.0561.80(0.97~3.42)0.066
Q43.36(1.95~6.01)<0.0013.20(1.83~5.77)<0.0012.67(1.47~4.99)0.002
P for trend<0.001<0.001<0.001
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基于CHARLS数据的中国人内脏脂肪指数与中国老年人糖尿病发病风险相关性分析
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战博文 1 , 杨宏光 2 , 邓桂芳 2 , 杨建军 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(2): 216-220
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(2): 216-220
基于CHARLS数据的中国人内脏脂肪指数与中国老年人糖尿病发病风险相关性分析
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战博文1, 杨宏光2, 邓桂芳2 , 杨建军1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏 银川 750004
  • 2.华中科技大学协和深圳医院临床营养科
  • 战博文(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

通讯作者:

邓桂芳,E-mail:
Correlation analyses between Chinese visceral adipose index and the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly base on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Bo-wen ZHAN1, Hong-guang YANG2, Gui-fang DENG2 , Jian-jun YANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308314
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目的

探讨中国人内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)与我国老年人口糖尿病发病之间的关系。

方法

纳入参与2011年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查的2 295名60岁以上老年人作为研究对象,采用二元logistic回归法分析CVAI水平与老年人糖尿病发病之间的关系,同时采用限制性立方样条模型进行拟合检验其剂量反应关系;根据体质指数(BMI)将参与者分为不同的亚组进行分析。

结果

2 295名老年人四年随访期间有333人(14.50%)发生糖尿病。将CVAI以四分位数分为四组,组间基线SBP、DBP、FBG、HBA1c、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL- C、UA以及性别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压病史和随访糖尿病发生情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与CVAI最低4分位Q1组相比,最高4分位Q4组老年人群发生糖尿病的OR(95% CI)为1.96(1.37~2.83)。限制性立方样条模型拟合结果显示CVAI越高,老年人发生糖尿病风险越高。亚组分析结果显示,非超重肥胖组和超重肥胖组均显示CVAI与糖尿病发生独立相关。

结论

CVAI与老年人群发生糖尿病的风险呈正相关,老年人控制内脏脂肪有助于预防糖尿病的发生。

中国人内脏脂肪指数  /  糖尿病  /  老年人  /  纵向研究
Objective

To explore the correlation between visceral fat index(CVAI) and the incidence of diabetes in Chinese elderly population.

Methods

The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS) 2011 and 2015 waves. A total of 2 295 elderly people aged ≥60 years were included. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between CVAI and the incidence of diabetes. The restricted cubic spline(RCS) method was used to test the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analysis was performed according to BMI.

Results

333(14.50%) of the 2295 elderly participants developed diabetes during the 4-year follow-up period. CVAI were divided by quartiles. There were statistically significant differences in baseline FBG, HBA1c, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, UA, gender, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension history and follow-up incident diabetes among groups(P<0.05). Compared with the group with lowest quartile of CVAI Q1, the OR(95% CI) in the group the highest quartile of CVAI Q4 was 1.96(1.37-2.83). The restricted cubic splines model results showed that the higher CVAI accompanied by higher risk of incident diabetes in the elderly. Subgroup analysis showed that CVAI was independently associated with incident diabetes in both non-overweight and overweight/obese groups.

Conclusion

There is a positive association between CVAI the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population. The control of visceral fat in the elderly is helpful to prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

Chinese visceral fat index  /  Diabetes mellitus  /  The elderly  /  Longitudinal study
战博文, 杨宏光, 邓桂芳, 杨建军. 基于CHARLS数据的中国人内脏脂肪指数与中国老年人糖尿病发病风险相关性分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 216 -220 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308314
Bo-wen ZHAN, Hong-guang YANG, Gui-fang DENG, Jian-jun YANG. Correlation analyses between Chinese visceral adipose index and the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly base on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 216 -220 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308314
糖尿病是一种以血糖浓度升高为特征的慢性代谢性疾病。据统计,2021年我国糖尿病患病人数达1.4亿,每年医疗支出超过1万亿人民币,是糖尿病第一大国[1],其中老年人口是患病主流人群[2]。根据国际糖尿病联盟数据显示,老年人群体患病率呈上升趋势[3],我国老年人的糖尿病发病率约30%,远高于普通成人水平,严重影响老年人的生活质量和生存质量[4]。肥胖是糖尿病的主要危险因素之一,尤其是内脏脂肪组织等异位组织过多可能导致功能失调性肥胖,并在胰岛素抵抗等代谢紊乱中产生不良影响[5-6]。Xia等人[7]建立了符合亚洲人脂肪特点的中国人内脏脂肪指数(Chinese visceral adipose index,CVAI)作为评估内脏脂肪的新指标,得出其与中国人内脏脂肪面积和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估密切相关,并且在横断面研究中对于糖尿病的诊断效能高于BMI和WC[8]。当前国内对于CVAI与我国老年人糖尿病发病风险的相关研究大都是横断面研究[9-10],但是纵向研究相对较少。本研究利用纵向研究探讨老年人群中CVAI与糖尿病发病风险之间的关系,旨在为老年人的糖尿病防控提供参考。
本研究选用了2011年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)项目的调查数据,由研究者申请并获得许可使用。CHARLS是一项针对中国45岁及以上的中老年人群纵向调查研究,通过多阶段抽样从全国28个省级行政单位、150个县级单位、450个村级单位随机选择年龄≥45岁居民进行追踪随访。CHARLS数据库涉及到中老年人群基本信息;健康状况和功能;医疗保健和保险;工作、退休和养老金;收入、支出与资产等方面的内容,是反映我国中老年健康状况方面的高质量微观数据[11]。本研究调查对象纳入标准为:(1)同时参与2011年和2015年两次调查;(2)基线年龄≥60岁;(3)血液检查和人口测量学指标完整。排除标准为:(1)基线时患有糖尿病;(2)血液检查和人口测量学指标结果异常或缺失;(3)合并癌症、精神异常等疾病。最终有2 295人纳入研究。
研究主要包括问卷访谈、体格检查以及实验室检测。由训练有素的调查人员对以访谈的形式询问受访者的性别、年龄、吸烟和饮酒习惯等问题,;由专业人员测量受访者的身高、体重和腰围、血压等;由医务人员采集受访者禁食12小时的静脉血样本并检测空腹血糖(Fasting Blood Glucose, FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Glycated Hemoglobin, HBA1c)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride, TG)、总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白 (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C)、血尿酸(Uric Acid, UA)、血尿素氮(Blood Urea Nitrogen, BUN)等指标水平。
参考《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》(2020年版)[12]空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L、糖耐量试验2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L或糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%;既往诊断过糖尿病或正在接受降糖治疗者。
参考《中国高血压防治指南》(2018年修订版)[13]平均收缩压(Systolic Blood Pressure, SBP)≥140 mmHg 和(或)平均舒张压(Diastolic Blood Pressure, DBP)≥90 mmHg 或正在服用降血压药物者为高血压。
BMI是指体重(kg)/身高2(cm2) CVAI的计算公式为
男性:CVAI=-267.93+0.68×年龄+0.3×BMI+4.00×腰围+22.00×log10TG-16.32×HDL-C;
女性:CVAI=-187.32+1.71×年龄+4.23×BMI+1.12×腰围+39.76×log10TG-11.66×HDL-C[7]
计数资料用频数和构成比n(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。计量资料服从正态分布的数据用均数±标准差()描述,两组间比较采用t检验、两组以上采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA);不服从正态分布的数据用中位数M(P25, P75)描述,两组间比较采用U检验、两组以上采用H检验。采用二分类logistic回归方法评估CVAI与老年人糖尿病发病的关联性,构建了3个模型,模型1未调整任何变量,模型2调整了年龄和性别,模型3进一步调整了吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压史、SBP、DBP、FBG、HBA1c、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、UA、BUN;并通过限制性立方样条法(Restricted cubic spline,RCS)进行曲线拟合。此外,我们还根据研究对象的BMI进行了亚组分析。所有分析均采用R语言(Version 4.2.1)进行,双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 根据CVAI四分位数分组的基线特征本研究共纳入2 295名老年人,年龄中位数为66.0岁,男性1 170人(51.00%),女性1 125人(49.00%);四年随访期间发生糖尿病者333人(14.50%)。CVAI均数为96.19,标准差为43.66。CVAI 按四分位数分为 Q1(≤43.659 63)、Q2(43.659 63~91.959)、Q3(91.959~126.659)、Q4(≥126.659)四组,随着CVAI四分位数的增加,SBP、DBP、FBG、HBA1c、TG、TC、LDL-C、UA值升高,HDL-C水平降低;性别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压病史在不同CVAI四分位数分组间也有差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,我们发现糖尿病的新发人数在CVAI水平最高的四分位数中显著增加(P<0.001),见表1
2.2 CVAI与糖尿病的相关性 在未调整混杂因素的模型1中结果显示,高CVAI是老年人群发生糖尿病的危险因素。在调整了吸烟、饮酒、高血压史、SBP、DBP、FBG、HBA1c、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、UA、BUN等所有混杂因素的模型3中,与Q1 组相比,最高的四分位数Q4组老年人群发生糖尿病的风险增加到1.96倍(OR=1.96, 95% CI:1.37~2.83),见表2。我们将CVAI作为连续型变量引入多因素logistic回归模型并进行RCS曲线拟合,结果显示 CVAI 与糖尿病的发生风险呈正相关,见图1
2.3 亚组分析 在不同BMI水平下,CVAI与糖尿病发生之间的关联结果与主要分析结果一致,即在非超重肥胖人群和超重肥胖人群中,CVAI均与糖尿病发生显著相关。调整所有协变量后,非超重肥胖人群和超重肥胖人群中,最高的四分位数Q4组与最低的四分位数 Q1 组相比,老年人群发生糖尿病的OR (95% CI)分别为1.69(1.08~2.66)和2.67(1.47~4.99)。见表3
本研究采用纵向研究评估了我国老年人群CVAI与糖尿病风险之间的关联性,结果显示CVAI与糖尿病发生风险正向相关,表明使用CVAI对老年人糖尿病风险进行预测具有可行性。
超重肥胖患者的糖尿病及糖尿病前期患病率远高于正常体重者[14]。目前,评估肥胖的传统指标BMI和WC虽然简单实用,但存在一定的缺陷。BMI主要针对一般性肥胖进行评估,而WC虽然可以评估腹部肥胖但不能区分外周脂肪和内脏脂肪[15-16]。既往研究表明,异位脂肪过多是导致胰岛素抵抗等代谢紊乱的主要危险因素[5]。目前鉴定脂肪分布的金标准是核磁共振和断层扫描,但这两种方法价格昂贵且操作困难,并会造成辐射损害[17]。CVAI是基于中国人身体特征开发的肥胖评价指标,主要由代谢综合征的指标BMI、WC、血清甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组成,这些指标在临床实践中很容易获得,研究证明CVAI能够较好反映脂肪分布状况,而且已被证实与中国人肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征相关[7]。此外,CVAI比BMI、WC及内脏脂肪指数(visceral adipose index, VAI)具有更好的诊断效能[18]。因此,本研究采用CVAI评估内脏肥胖状况与老年人糖尿病发病的相关性。本研究结果显示,有14.5%的老年人在4年随访期间发生糖尿病,高于上海长风队列4.4年随访的9.9%的发病率[18]。这可能是由于本研究研究人群为老年人,长风队列的研究人群则为≥45岁的成年人,而老年人相对于其他年龄人群有着更高的糖尿病患病风险[19]。另一方面,本研究对糖尿病的确诊条件包括糖化血红蛋白水平,而长风队列研究中并未以糖化血红蛋白水平作为糖尿病的确诊依据。
多项横断面研究显示CVAI是糖尿病的危险因素。祝玲娟等[20]的研究显示CVAI与江西高血压人群发生糖尿病的风险独立相关;吴金珊等[21]对重庆社区健康体检人群调查也提示CVAI与糖尿病患病相关。在我们研究中,亚组分析的结果显示,在非超重肥胖的老年人群中,高CVAI仍然是糖尿病发病的危险因素。有证据表明,肥胖引起的包括糖尿病在内的各种生理异常主要取决于体脂的分布,而不是超重或肥胖,即便是在BMI正常的人群中,异位脂肪过多仍然会引起代谢紊乱[5,22-23]。本研究也证实了过高的内脏脂肪含量是老年人患糖尿病的危险因素。RCS对模型拟合的曲线结果显示,CVAI越高则糖尿病的患病风险越高。祝玲娟等[20]对江西高血压人群的调查研究发现,糖尿病患病率随着CVAI增大而升高。高CVAI水平导致糖尿病发生的一个可能机制是,功能失调的内脏脂肪组织本身可能会产生过多的炎症细胞因子和脂肪因子,例如TNF-α、IL-6、内脂素和抵抗素,从而导致胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生[18,24-25]。其次,血液中TG水平过高会抑制肌肉中的胰岛素敏感性,影响其对葡萄糖的摄取和吸收[26-27],进而导致胰岛中TG过载损伤胰岛β细胞分泌功能,促使糖尿病的发生[26]
本研究是通过纵向研究的方法研究我国老年人CVAI与糖尿病之间的关联性,其证据强度高于既往的横断面研究。但仍存在局限性,首先,本研究中对研究对象的糖尿病诊断尚缺乏了餐后血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验数据,可能会漏诊部分糖尿病患者,导致糖尿病检出率偏低;其次,研究对象来自参与CHARLS的老年人群,结论可能不适合推广到其他人群中。
综上所述,CVAI与老年人发生糖尿病的风险呈正相关,CVAI水平越高,老年人罹患糖尿病的风险越高,CVAI可用于预测中国老年人患糖尿病的风险。这表明,控制肥胖,尤其是内脏肥胖,可以有效预防老年人患糖尿病,减少并发症的发生。
  • 深圳市南山区卫生健康系统科技重大项目杰出青年基金(NSZD2023024)
  • 广东省营养膳食与健康重点实验室开放基金(2022-GLFNH-04)
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308314
  • 接收时间:2023-08-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-21
基金
深圳市南山区卫生健康系统科技重大项目杰出青年基金(NSZD2023024)
广东省营养膳食与健康重点实验室开放基金(2022-GLFNH-04)
作者信息
    1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏 银川 750004
    2.华中科技大学协和深圳医院临床营养科

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邓桂芳,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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