首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1241322671917560001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1690300800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883987644, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883987644, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883987644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883987644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=210, endPage=215, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322673553338607, articleId=1241322671917560001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Socio-economic disparity in the global burden of diabetes mellitus: an analysis for 2019 with time trends since 1990, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To use disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) to assess unequal differences in the burden of disease due to diabetes across global socioeconomic groups.

Methods

Number of DALYs due to diabetes, age-standardized DALYs rates from the GBD database, 1990-2019, and national Human Development Index(HDI) data from the Human Development Report 2021-2022 were collected. The relationship between age-standardized DALY rates and HDI was analyzed to understand socioeconomic differences in diabetes disease burden. Calculation of Annual Percentage Change(APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC) to assess temporal trends in the burden of diabetes disease during recent decades.

Results

From 1990-2019, the number of DALYs due to diabetes globally increased from 28.3 million to 69.9 million, an increase of 146.85%, with the fastest growth(206.49%) in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized DALYs rates were negatively correlated with HDI(r=-0.480, P<0.001). Countries with medium HDI exhibit higher DALYs rates due to diabetes mellitus. From 1990-2019, the average annual increase in the rate of age-standardized DALYs was 0.78%(AAPC=0.78%, 95% CI=0.74% to 0.81%), and the average annual increase in the age-standardized mortality rate was 0.46%(AAPC=0.46%, 95% CI=0.41%～0.51%).

Conclusion

The global burden of diabetes disease has increased substantially over the last few decades, with the fastest growth in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized burden was higher in developing countries. Although a slower increase in the burden of diabetes was observed, the persistence of the increase in the burden of disease suggests that more diabetes prevention programs and health-care services should be made available to developing countries.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiu-qiang WU, Xiao-hua DAI, Zhen YANG, Zhi-qin XIE, Shi-han CHEN, Ze-quan WANG, Lin-xia YI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241322678657806848, articleId=1241322671917560001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=全球糖尿病负担的社会经济差异：1990—2019年时间趋势的分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

利用伤残调整生命年（DALYs)评估糖尿病引起的疾病负担在全球社会经济群体中不平等差异。

方法

收集来自GBD数据库的1990—2019年因糖尿病导致的DALYs数、年龄标准化DALYs率和来自《2021—22年人类发展报告》的国家人类发展指数（HDI）数据。分析了年龄标准化DALYs率与HDI之间的关系，了解糖尿病疾病负担的社会经济差异。计算年度变化百分比（APC)和平均年度变化百分比（AAPC)评估近几十年期间糖尿病负担的时间变化趋势。

结果

从1990—2019年，全球因糖尿病导致的DALYs数从2.83千万增长至6.99千万，增幅为146.85%，其中中低收入国家增长最快（206.49%）。年龄标准化DALYs率与HDI呈负相关（r=-0.480，P<0.001）。HDI中等的国家因糖尿病而表现出较高的DALYs率。从1990—2019年，年龄标准化DALYs率年均增长0.78%（AAPC=0.78%，95% CI为0.74%～0.81%），年龄标准化死亡率的年均增长为0.46%（AAPC=0.46%，95% CI：0.41%～0.51%）。

结论

在过去几十年中，全球糖尿病负担大大增加，其中，中低收入国家增长最快。在发展中国家，糖尿病年龄标准化负担更高。虽然观察到糖尿病负担增长速度变慢，但疾病负担增长的持续存在表明应该为发展中国家提供更多的糖尿病预防方案和保健服务。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
戴小华，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3bPHHaXAzxHtZHwb7vVlxw==, magXml=maE1k8ZWXkRYkEnWNr09aA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ICq4alf0/xGbl0HFdGbMZw==, pdfFileSize=740246, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mRbL037EXg+aZfmlORlUBA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HY2E9gm8AwQRaKLcYFfVMQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴秀强（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

, authorsList=吴秀强, 戴小华, 杨珍, 谢志勤, 陈诗涵, 王泽权, 易林霞)}, authors=[Author(id=1241322679173706286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322679286952505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679173706286, language=EN, stringName=Xiu-qiang WU, firstName=Xiu-qiang, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322679412781634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679173706286, language=CN, stringName=吴秀强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000
2.南昌大学护理学院, bio={"content":"

吴秀强（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吴秀强（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678909465110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678917853721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678926242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322679039488545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322679039488545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学护理学院)])]), Author(id=1241322679530222159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1070285175@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322679677022813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679530222159, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-hua DAI, firstName=Xiao-hua, middleName=null, lastName=DAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322679765103204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679530222159, language=CN, stringName=戴小华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678909465110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678917853721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678926242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000)])]), Author(id=1241322679857377900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322679958041208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679857377900, language=EN, stringName=Zhen YANG, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322680062898814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322679857377900, language=CN, stringName=杨珍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678909465110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678917853721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678926242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000)])]), Author(id=1241322680171950730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322681728037523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322680171950730, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-qin XIE, firstName=Zhi-qin, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322681845478043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322680171950730, language=CN, stringName=谢志勤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678909465110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678917853721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678926242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000)])]), Author(id=1241322682042610343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322682294268588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682042610343, language=EN, stringName=Shi-han CHEN, firstName=Shi-han, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322682449457845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682042610343, language=CN, stringName=陈诗涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.南昌大学护理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322679039488545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322679039488545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学护理学院)])]), Author(id=1241322682558509760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322682663367365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682558509760, language=EN, stringName=Ze-quan WANG, firstName=Ze-quan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322682776613579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682558509760, language=CN, stringName=王泽权, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.南昌大学护理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322679039488545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322679039488545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学护理学院)])]), Author(id=1241322682894054098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241322683019883223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682894054098, language=EN, stringName=Lin-xia YI, firstName=Lin-xia, middleName=null, lastName=YI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241322683137323742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, authorId=1241322682894054098, language=CN, stringName=易林霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.南昌大学护理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322679039488545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322679039488545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学护理学院)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241322683271541476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Diabetes mellitus), Keyword(id=1241322683363816169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Burden of disease), Keyword(id=1241322683481256687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Socio-economic disparity), Keyword(id=1241322683607085812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Time trends), Keyword(id=1241322683670000375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=糖尿病), Keyword(id=1241322683741303548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=疾病负担), Keyword(id=1241322683829383937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=社会经济差异), Keyword(id=1241322683946824457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=时间趋势)], refs=[Reference(id=1241322687411319648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=World Health Organization, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: 2013-2020[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_eng.pdf., articleTitle=Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: 2013-2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687503594340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=United Nations, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda., articleTitle=Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687591674728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=286, pageEnd=293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Liu M, Liu SW, Wang LJ, journalName=Diabetes & Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu M, Liu SW, Wang LJ, et al. Burden of diabetes, hyperglycaemia in China from to 2016: Findings from the 1990 to 2016, global burden of disease study[J]. Diabetes & Metabolism, 2019, 45(3): 286-293., articleTitle=Burden of diabetes, hyperglycaemia in China from to 2016: Findings from the 1990 to 2016, global burden of disease study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687675560811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=International Diabetes Federation, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Diabetes Federation. The IDF Diabetes Atlas Tenth edition 2021 provides the latest figures, information and projections on diabetes worldwide[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. http://wwww.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/facts-figures.html., articleTitle=The IDF Diabetes Atlas Tenth edition 2021 provides the latest figures, information and projections on diabetes worldwide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687784612720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=963, pageEnd=970, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Bommer C, Sagalova V, Heesemann E, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bommer C, Sagalova V, Heesemann E, et al. Global economic burden of diabetes in adults: projections from 2015 to 2030[J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(5): 963-970., articleTitle=Global economic burden of diabetes in adults: projections from 2015 to 2030, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687868498802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Moucheraud C, Lenz C, Latkovic M, journalName=BMJ Global Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moucheraud C, Lenz C, Latkovic M, et al. The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review[J]. BMJ Global Health, 2019, 4(1): e001258., articleTitle=The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322687948190581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=63, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=177, pageEnd=186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators, journalName=International Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study[J]. International Journal of Public Health, 2018, 63(Suppl 1): 177-186., articleTitle=Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688069825403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=396, issue=10258, pageStart=1204, pageEnd=1222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222., articleTitle=Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688166294400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李枞, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李枞．我国糖尿病医疗保健公正性问题研究[D]．大连：大连医科大学，2021., articleTitle=我国糖尿病医疗保健公正性问题研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688241791876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Li C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li C. Study on the Fairness of Diabetes Health Care in China[D]. Dalian: Dalian Medical University, 2021., articleTitle=Study on the Fairness of Diabetes Health Care in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688317289352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=World Health Organization, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases., articleTitle=Noncommunicable diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688380203917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=972, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Afroz A, Alramadan MJ, Hossain MN, journalName=BMC Health Services Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Afroz A, Alramadan MJ, Hossain MN, et al. Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review[J]. BMC Health Services Research, 2018, 18(1): 972., articleTitle=Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688464090001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=392, issue=10159, pageStart=1859, pageEnd=1922, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and National disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. The Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1859-1922., articleTitle=Global, regional, and National disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688539587479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=208, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Bell A, journalName=Annals of Human Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bell A. Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do[J]. Annals of Human Biology, 2020, 47(2): 208-217., articleTitle=Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688610890648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=507, pageEnd=512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=赵虹琳, 李婷婷, 丁国武, journalName=中华肿瘤防治杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵虹琳，李婷婷，丁国武．1990—2019年中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担趋势分析[J]．中华肿瘤防治杂志，2023，30（9）：507-512., articleTitle=1990—2019年中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担趋势分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688724136864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=507, pageEnd=512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Zhao HL, Li TT, Ding GW, journalName=Chinese Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao HL, Li TT, Ding GW. Trend analysis of disease burden of ovarian cancer in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 2023, 30(9): 507-512., articleTitle=Trend analysis of disease burden of ovarian cancer in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688799634339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=141, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=张记收, 王梦龙, 刘剑芳, journalName=中华高血压杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张记收，王梦龙，刘剑芳，等．基于2019年全球疾病负担研究数据分析1990—2019年中国高血压心脏病疾病负担变化趋势[J]．中华高血压杂志，2023，31（2）：141-149., articleTitle=基于2019年全球疾病负担研究数据分析1990—2019年中国高血压心脏病疾病负担变化趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688870937507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=141, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Zhang JS, Wang ML, Liu LF, journalName=Chinese Journal of Hypertension, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JS, Wang ML, Liu LF, et al. The 1990-2019 trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease in China based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Hypertension, 2023, 31(2): 141-149., articleTitle=The 1990-2019 trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease in China based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322688950629286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Su ZH, Zou ZY, Hay SI, journalName=eClinicalMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su ZH, Zou ZY, Hay SI, et al. Global, regional, and National time trends in mortality for congenital heart disease, 1990–2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study[J]. eClinicalMedicine, 2022, 43: 101249., articleTitle=Global, regional, and National time trends in mortality for congenital heart disease, 1990–2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322689042903977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=5, pageStart=333, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=韩喜婷, 孙长青, 程亮星, journalName=中国肿瘤, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩喜婷，孙长青，程亮星，等．1990—2019年中国卵巢癌疾病负担及其变化趋势分析[J]．中国肿瘤，2023，32（5）：333-338., articleTitle=1990—2019年中国卵巢癌疾病负担及其变化趋势分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322689110012841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=5, pageStart=333, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Han XT, Sun CQ, Cheng LX, journalName=China Tumor, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han XT, Sun CQ, Cheng LX, et al. Diseaseburden and its trends of ovarian cancer in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. China Tumor, 2023, 32(5): 333-338., articleTitle=Diseaseburden and its trends of ovarian cancer in China from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690594796460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=77, issue=12, pageStart=1755, pageEnd=1762, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Chan Y, Walmsley RP, journalName=Physical Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chan Y, Walmsley RP. Learning and understanding the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis-of-variance-by-ranks test for differences among three or more Independent groups[J]. Physical Therapy, 1997, 77(12): 1755-1762., articleTitle=Learning and understanding the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis-of-variance-by-ranks test for differences among three or more Independent groups, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690691265453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=359, issue=1290, pageStart=1290, pageEnd=1291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=De Vogli R, Gimeno D, Kivimaki M, journalName=New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De Vogli R, Gimeno D, Kivimaki M. Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2008, 359(1290): 1290-1291., articleTitle=Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690766762926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Talukder A, Hossain MZ, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Talukder A, Hossain MZ. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in Bangladesh: application of two-level logistic regression model[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 10237., articleTitle=Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in Bangladesh: application of two-level logistic regression model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690833871791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Yin H, Wu QH, Cui Y, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin H, Wu QH, Cui Y, et al. Socioeconomic status and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chinese women: a structural equation modelling approach[J]. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(8): e014402., articleTitle=Socioeconomic status and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chinese women: a structural equation modelling approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690926146480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=281, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=25, authorNames=马越, 孔祥婕, 彭雯, journalName=中国预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马越，孔祥婕，彭雯，等．中国糖尿病疾病负担现状及趋势[J]．中国预防医学杂志，2023，24（4）：281-286., articleTitle=中国糖尿病疾病负担现状及趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322690993255345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=281, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Ma Y, Kong XJ, Peng W, journalName=China Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Y, Kong XJ, Peng W, et al.Disease burden and time trends of diabetes in China[J]. China Preventive Medicine, 2023, 24(4): 281-286., articleTitle=Disease burden and time trends of diabetes in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691085530034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=115, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Hasan MM, Tasnim F, Tariqujjaman M, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hasan MM, Tasnim F, Tariqujjaman M, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities of undiagnosed diabetes in a Resource-Poor setting: insights from the Cross-Sectional Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2011[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(1): 115., articleTitle=Socioeconomic inequalities of undiagnosed diabetes in a Resource-Poor setting: insights from the Cross-Sectional Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2011, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691161027507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=4, issue=11, pageStart=903, pageEnd=912, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Stokes A, journalName=The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Stokes A, et al. Diabetes diagnosis and care in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled analysis of individual data from 12 countries[J].The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2016, 4(11): 903-912., articleTitle=Diabetes diagnosis and care in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled analysis of individual data from 12 countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691240719284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=45, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=29, authorNames=De silva AP, De silva SHP, Haniffa R, journalName=International Journal for Equity in Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De silva AP, De silva SHP, Haniffa R, et al. Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country[J]. International Journal for Equity in Health, 2018, 17(1): 45., articleTitle=Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691316216757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=1033, pageEnd=1046, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=30, authorNames=American Diabetes Association, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(4): 1033-1046., articleTitle=Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691400102838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Kirigia JM, Sambo HB, Sambo LG, journalName=BMC International Health and Human Rights, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kirigia JM, Sambo HB, Sambo LG, et al. Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African region[J]. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2009, 9: 6., articleTitle=Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African region, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691458823095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=167, issue=11, pageStart=1145, pageEnd=1151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Franco OH, Steyerberg EW, Hu FB, journalName=Archives of Internal Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Franco OH, Steyerberg EW, Hu FB, et al. Associations of diabetes mellitus with total Life expectancy andlife expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease[J]. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2007, 167(11): 1145-1151., articleTitle=Associations of diabetes mellitus with total Life expectancy andlife expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691534320568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Ali N, Akram R, Sheikh N, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ali N, Akram R, Sheikh N, et al. Sex-specific prevalence, inequality and associated predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults: results from a nationwide cross-sectional demographic and health survey[J]. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(9): e029364., articleTitle=Sex-specific prevalence, inequality and associated predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults: results from a nationwide cross-sectional demographic and health survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691609818041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=650, pageEnd=654, 690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=34, authorNames=周伍明, 崔璇璇, 陆宗庆, journalName=中华疾病控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周伍明，崔璇璇，陆宗庆，等．1990―2019年中国2型糖尿病疾病负担分析[J]．中华疾病控制杂志，2023，27（6）：650-654, 690., articleTitle=1990―2019年中国2型糖尿病疾病负担分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322691676926906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=650, pageEnd=654, 690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Zhou WM, Cui XX, Lu ZQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou WM, Cui XX, Lu ZQ, et al.Disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2023, 27(6): 650-654, 690., articleTitle=Disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241322687251936088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, awardId=20192BBGL70016, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省科技厅重点研发项目(20192BBGL70016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241322687310656348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, awardId=GJJ190047, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190047), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322678909465110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678917853721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322678926242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322678909465110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322679039488545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322679052071460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, companyId=1241322679039488545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学护理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241322684093625101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The global burden of diabetes mellitus in terms of number of DALYs by economic status, figureFileSmall=qpQw5Uu4ZUVixPvmMo9WKA==, figureFileBig=mRbL037EXg+aZfmlORlUBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684219454225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=图1, caption=按经济地位分类的全球糖尿病DALYs数量, figureFileSmall=qpQw5Uu4ZUVixPvmMo9WKA==, figureFileBig=mRbL037EXg+aZfmlORlUBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684462723872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The burden of diabetes mellitus in terms of age-standardized DALY rates was inversely correlated with national socio-economic development. The best-fitted line by linear regression analysis is presented, figureFileSmall=nltMk2s8phvW2tvyeaoS3w==, figureFileBig=d2cJx5ws5c6I6JBTkeKmoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684559192867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=图2, caption=糖尿病年龄标准化DALYs率与国家经济发展呈负相关，画出了线性回归分析最佳拟合线, figureFileSmall=nltMk2s8phvW2tvyeaoS3w==, figureFileBig=d2cJx5ws5c6I6JBTkeKmoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322684668244778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Differences in rates of age-standardized DALYs for diabetes mellitus in countries with different socioeconomic status, figureFileSmall=HBHmwdTne8BSWW7bUHAuRQ==, figureFileBig=L8CQav7W0Xr1ZknvFLhaig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686203360046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同社会经济地位国家糖尿病年龄标准化DALYs率的差异, figureFileSmall=HBHmwdTne8BSWW7bUHAuRQ==, figureFileBig=L8CQav7W0Xr1ZknvFLhaig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686324994868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The change trends of global diabetes mellitus in terms of age-standardized Deaths rates from 1990 to 2019, figureFileSmall=b8LWDjPv5rGtVvFX89hGrw==, figureFileBig=7DPG8wam4eWKN6L3sg//YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686425658170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1990—2019年全球糖尿病标化死亡率变化趋势

注：*表示Joinpoint回归分析有统计学意义（P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=b8LWDjPv5rGtVvFX89hGrw==, figureFileBig=7DPG8wam4eWKN6L3sg//YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686534710077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The change trends of global diabetes mellitus in terms of age-standardized DALYs rates from 1990 to 2019, figureFileSmall=F73Qmxt5kZ5jznxx4Qo6rg==, figureFileBig=Zd95oI2AasRhKv76UeChaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686639567681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=图5, caption=1990—2019年全球糖尿病标化DALYs率变化趋势

注：*表示Joinpoint回归分析有统计学意义（P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=F73Qmxt5kZ5jznxx4Qo6rg==, figureFileBig=Zd95oI2AasRhKv76UeChaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322686752813892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The global burden of diabetes mellitus in terms of number of DALYs, grouped by economic status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别1990年n(%)2019年n(%)变化率
高收入国家组7 468 985 (26.37)13 761 234 (19.68)84.25%
中高收入国家组9 217 490 (32.54)22 027 980 (31.50)138.98%
中低收入国家组9 989 019 (35.27)30 615 644 (43.79)206.49%
低收入国家组1 649 137 (5.82)3 515 071 (5.03)113.15%
全球28 324 631(100.00)69 919 929(100.00)146.85%
), ArticleFig(id=1241322686866060105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

按经济状况分组的全球糖尿病DALYs负担

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别1990年n(%)2019年n(%)变化率
高收入国家组7 468 985 (26.37)13 761 234 (19.68)84.25%
中高收入国家组9 217 490 (32.54)22 027 980 (31.50)138.98%
中低收入国家组9 989 019 (35.27)30 615 644 (43.79)206.49%
低收入国家组1 649 137 (5.82)3 515 071 (5.03)113.15%
全球28 324 631(100.00)69 919 929(100.00)146.85%
), ArticleFig(id=1241322686970917712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trend of the standardized rates of various disease burden indicators of diabetes mellitus in Global from 1990 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标区间段变化率（%）95% CIt值P值
死亡率
APC1990—19971.4641.372～1.55633.477<0.001
1997—20051.0550.970～1.14125.983<0.001
2005—2012-0.613-0.723～-0.503-11.620<0.001
2012—2019-0.137-0.244～-0.031-2.695<0.050
AAPC1990—20190.4600.414～0.50619.580<0.001
DALYs率
APC1990—19971.5611.498～1.62551.943<0.001
1997—20051.1591.097～1.22239.105<0.001
2005—2012-0.004-0.086～0.078-0.105>0.050
2012—20190.3350.262～0.4079.649<0.001
AAPC1990-20190.7750.742～0.80846.332<0.050
), ArticleFig(id=1241322687096746835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322671917560001, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2019年全球糖尿病各疾病负担指标标化率的变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标区间段变化率（%）95% CIt值P值
死亡率
APC1990—19971.4641.372～1.55633.477<0.001
1997—20051.0550.970～1.14125.983<0.001
2005—2012-0.613-0.723～-0.503-11.620<0.001
2012—2019-0.137-0.244～-0.031-2.695<0.050
AAPC1990—20190.4600.414～0.50619.580<0.001
DALYs率
APC1990—19971.5611.498～1.62551.943<0.001
1997—20051.1591.097～1.22239.105<0.001
2005—2012-0.004-0.086～0.078-0.105>0.050
2012—20190.3350.262～0.4079.649<0.001
AAPC1990-20190.7750.742～0.80846.332<0.050
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
全球糖尿病负担的社会经济差异：1990—2019年时间趋势的分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
吴秀强 1, 2 , 戴小华 1 , 杨珍 1 , 谢志勤 1 , 陈诗涵 2 , 王泽权 2 , 易林霞 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(2): 210-215
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(2): 210-215
全球糖尿病负担的社会经济差异：1990—2019年时间趋势的分析
全屏
吴秀强1, 2, 戴小华1 , 杨珍1, 谢志勤1, 陈诗涵2, 王泽权2, 易林霞2
作者信息
  • 1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000
  • 2.南昌大学护理学院

    • 吴秀强（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

通讯作者:

戴小华，E-mail：
Socio-economic disparity in the global burden of diabetes mellitus: an analysis for 2019 with time trends since 1990
Xiu-qiang WU1, 2, Xiao-hua DAI1 , Zhen YANG1, Zhi-qin XIE1, Shi-han CHEN2, Ze-quan WANG2, Lin-xia YI2
Affiliations
  • The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Nursing of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起
目的

利用伤残调整生命年（DALYs)评估糖尿病引起的疾病负担在全球社会经济群体中不平等差异。

方法

收集来自GBD数据库的1990—2019年因糖尿病导致的DALYs数、年龄标准化DALYs率和来自《2021—22年人类发展报告》的国家人类发展指数（HDI）数据。分析了年龄标准化DALYs率与HDI之间的关系，了解糖尿病疾病负担的社会经济差异。计算年度变化百分比（APC)和平均年度变化百分比（AAPC)评估近几十年期间糖尿病负担的时间变化趋势。

结果

从1990—2019年，全球因糖尿病导致的DALYs数从2.83千万增长至6.99千万，增幅为146.85%，其中中低收入国家增长最快（206.49%）。年龄标准化DALYs率与HDI呈负相关（r=-0.480，P<0.001）。HDI中等的国家因糖尿病而表现出较高的DALYs率。从1990—2019年，年龄标准化DALYs率年均增长0.78%（AAPC=0.78%，95% CI为0.74%～0.81%），年龄标准化死亡率的年均增长为0.46%（AAPC=0.46%，95% CI：0.41%～0.51%）。

结论

在过去几十年中，全球糖尿病负担大大增加，其中，中低收入国家增长最快。在发展中国家，糖尿病年龄标准化负担更高。虽然观察到糖尿病负担增长速度变慢，但疾病负担增长的持续存在表明应该为发展中国家提供更多的糖尿病预防方案和保健服务。

糖尿病  /  疾病负担  /  社会经济差异  /  时间趋势
Objective

To use disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) to assess unequal differences in the burden of disease due to diabetes across global socioeconomic groups.

Methods

Number of DALYs due to diabetes, age-standardized DALYs rates from the GBD database, 1990-2019, and national Human Development Index(HDI) data from the Human Development Report 2021-2022 were collected. The relationship between age-standardized DALY rates and HDI was analyzed to understand socioeconomic differences in diabetes disease burden. Calculation of Annual Percentage Change(APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC) to assess temporal trends in the burden of diabetes disease during recent decades.

Results

From 1990-2019, the number of DALYs due to diabetes globally increased from 28.3 million to 69.9 million, an increase of 146.85%, with the fastest growth(206.49%) in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized DALYs rates were negatively correlated with HDI(r=-0.480, P<0.001). Countries with medium HDI exhibit higher DALYs rates due to diabetes mellitus. From 1990-2019, the average annual increase in the rate of age-standardized DALYs was 0.78%(AAPC=0.78%, 95% CI=0.74% to 0.81%), and the average annual increase in the age-standardized mortality rate was 0.46%(AAPC=0.46%, 95% CI=0.41%～0.51%).

Conclusion

The global burden of diabetes disease has increased substantially over the last few decades, with the fastest growth in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized burden was higher in developing countries. Although a slower increase in the burden of diabetes was observed, the persistence of the increase in the burden of disease suggests that more diabetes prevention programs and health-care services should be made available to developing countries.

Diabetes mellitus  /  Burden of disease  /  Socio-economic disparity  /  Time trends
吴秀强, 戴小华, 杨珍, 谢志勤, 陈诗涵, 王泽权, 易林霞. 全球糖尿病负担的社会经济差异：1990—2019年时间趋势的分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 210 -215 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478
Xiu-qiang WU, Xiao-hua DAI, Zhen YANG, Zhi-qin XIE, Shi-han CHEN, Ze-quan WANG, Lin-xia YI. Socio-economic disparity in the global burden of diabetes mellitus: an analysis for 2019 with time trends since 1990[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 210 -215 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478
正文
收起
在联合国和WHO预防和控制非传染性疾病的全球行动计划中，糖尿病已被确定为需密切关注的四大非传染性疾病之一，议程指出：到2030年，通过预防、治疗将非传染性疾病导致的过早死亡减少三分之一[1-3]。迄今为止，国际糖尿病联合会（IDF)估计，2021年全球有5.37亿成年人患有糖尿病，每年导致670万人死亡，如不采取有效的预防方法，到2030年，全世界将有约6.43亿人患有糖尿病[4]。届时，全球糖尿病的经济负担将达到2.5万亿美元或占全球GDP比例的2.2%[5-6]。糖尿病负担的增加远远超出了基于人口增长和老龄化变化的预期，主要是因为伤残调整生命年（DALYs）率的增加[7]。1990—2019年全球疾病负担前十位的疾病中仅糖尿病标化DALYs率呈增长趋势，增长率为24.4%，给全球的公共卫生和社会经济发展带来沉重的负担[8]。
医疗保障水平与社会经济地位不平等有关，先前的研究结果表明，较低的社会经济群体中糖尿病健康水平较低[9]，特别是资源匮乏的国家，对预防和控制糖尿病的能力很差，通常无法获得帮助糖尿病患者妥善管理其疾病所需的基本技术，几乎二分之一的糖尿病成人未被诊断出来[4,10]。最近发表的一项系统评价称：糖尿病造成的负担最直接受影响的是低收入和中低收入国家[11]。可能是因为中低收入国家医疗保险尚不普遍及公共医疗服务缺乏，进而导致面临较重的负担。然而，以往的研究只针对少数国家或地区，并没有探索全球糖尿病社会经济不平等的时间趋势，而DALYs可以对疾病总体负担进行综合的衡量。利用DALYs衡量疾病伤害造成的健康损失，可帮助政策制定者确定造成疾病负担的原因并制定合理有效的预防管理政策。因此，本研究的目的是利用2019年GBD研究提供的最新DALYs数据估计全球糖尿病负担的社会经济差异，并分析过去三十年不平等的时间趋势。为未来制定可行有效的防治措施提供指导。
1　资料与方法
收起
1.1　糖尿病疾病负担
DALYs是根据疾病引起的伤残生活年数和过早死亡导致的生命损失年数相加得出，是对疾病总体负担的一种汇总衡量。DALYs的计算方法已在以往的GBD研究中详细说明[12]。按世界银行分类的国家收入分组的DALYs数量以及每10万糖尿病人口的国家年龄标准化DALYs率可从全球健康数据交换系统中获得（http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-data-to0l),包括：（1）1990、2000、2010和2019年按国家收入分组的糖尿病DALYs数量，（2）1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015和2019年国家和全球每10万人年龄标准化DALYs率。
1.2　国家社会经济地位
人类发展指数（HDI）可以用来衡量一个国家的综合发展水平。HDI是使用几何平均值将一个国家的健康、教育、收入三个维度分数聚合为一个综合指数，范围为0~1，得分越高说明国家的经济发展水平越高。1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2019年的HDI数据摘自联合国发展计划署（UNDP（https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22))发布的《2021—22年人类发展报告》。根据2022年联合国发展计划署的估计，国家被分为四类：极高（HDI≥0.800）、高（0.700≤HDI<0.799）、中等（0.550≤HDI<0.699）、低（HDI<0.550）。
1.3　疾病负担的时间趋势分析
本研究中，我们采用APC、AAPC及其95%置信区间（95% CI)分析糖尿病按年龄、周期和出生队列的死亡率和标化DALYs率的潜在时间变化趋势，APC模型旨在揭示与年龄相关的生物、技术和社会因素对疾病变化趋势的影响，优于传统的流行病学分析[13]。APC>0，表示该区段呈上升趋势，APC<0，表示呈下降趋势，APC＝0则表示单调递增或单调递减，无转折点，变化无统计学意义[14]。Joinpoint回归模型是由Joinpoint Regression Software（美国）完成分析，是用Z检验将一个长期趋势线分为若干阶段，对每个阶段进行趋势拟合，以判断流行病学特征随时间变化趋势[15]。1990—2019年共30年的监测数据，最多可设置5个连接点数，6个趋势变化阶段，具体由置换检验选择出最优模型。APC以Poisson分布为基础，由对数线性回归计算率随时间变化趋势[16]。线性模型公式为：log(ratey)=α+βy(y为年份，α为常数，β为回归系数）,则APC=(eβ-1）×100%[17]。AAPC则代表了多个趋势阶段APC按照年数的加权平均值。每个阶段APC的CI是基于t分布，而整个研究阶段AAPC置信区间是基于正态分布，若AAPC是单个趋势阶段则与APC一致。
1.4　统计分析
我们用线性回归分析评估HDI与年龄标准化DALYs率之间的相关关系。由于DALYs的数据呈非正态分布，故采用Kruskal-Wallis检验各HDI组间年龄标准化DALYs率之间的差异。并采用Bonferroni校正的Mann-Whitney U检验进行组间两两多重比较[18]，以上分析通过SPSS 25进行。采用Joinpoint 4.9.0.1进行Joinpoint回归分析，利用Joinpoint模型估算APC和AAPC以分析1990—2019年全球糖尿病疾病负担的变化趋势。
2　结果
收起
2.1　糖尿病负担的社会经济差异
如表1所示，从1990—2019年，全球糖尿病DALYs数从2.83千万增加至6.99千万，增长率为146.85%。在世界银行四个收入分组中，中低收入国家的DALYs占比最大（1990年占比35.27%，2019年占比43.79%），增长率最快（206.49%）。其次是中高收入国家组（138.98%）、低收入国家组（113.15%），高收入国家组（84.25%）（表1，图1）。
2021年HDI数据涉及191个国家和地区，包括66个极高HDI组、49个高HDI组，44个中等HDI组和32个低HDI组。如图2所示，线性回归分析显示，年龄标准化DALYs率与HDI呈负相关（r=-0.480，P<0.001）。Kruskal-Wallis检验表明，四组HDI之间年龄标准化DALYs率存在统计学差异（P<0.001)。在使用Bonferroni校正的Mann-Whitney U检验的多重比较中，发现中等HDI国家的年龄标准化DALYs率较高（图3）。
2.2　糖尿病负担的时间变化趋势
1990—2019年全球糖尿病年龄标化死亡率呈先升高再降低趋势，3个有统计学意义的转折点将整体趋势分为4个区间段，上升最快的是1990—1997年（APC=1.46%，95% CI：1.37%～1.56%),下降最快的是2005—2012年（APC=-0.61%，95% CI：-0.72%～-0.50%)。年均增长0.46%（AAPC=0.46%，95% CI：0.41%～0.51%），其变化趋势有统计学意义，P<0.05（图4，表2）。年龄标化DALYs率呈先升高后降低再升高趋势，3个有统计学意义的转折点将整体趋势分为4个区间段，上升最快的是1990—1997年（APC=1.56%，95% CI：1.50%～1.63%),年均增长0.78%（AAPC=0.78%，95% CI：0.74%～0.81%），其变化趋势有统计学意义，P<0.05（图5，表2）。
3　讨论
收起
我们的研究结果表明，1990—2019年期间，全球糖尿病的负担巨大且不断增加，其中增长最快的是中等收入国家。就年龄标准化DALYs而言，社会经济发展水平中等的国家往往承担着较高的糖尿病负担。时间趋势分析表明，在过去几十年中，全球糖尿病标化死亡率和DALYs率年度增长速度逐渐降低，但仍持续存在。
利用最新的全球数据评估糖尿病在不同群体中的分布至关重要。社会经济不平等分析已成为政策制定的重要工具。虽然有一些研究分析了糖尿病在发达国家和发展中国家的负担，但在全球对糖尿病负担进行经济不平等的分析并不多见。一项来自高收入国家的早期文献报告，富人有较高的糖尿病发病率及其危险因素[19]。这表明，不良健康行为最初出现在较高的社会经济群体中，随后传播到较低的社会经济群体。这可能是因为在早期阶段，较高的社会经济群体更容易获得高热量食物，并且较少参与体力劳动，导致超重和肥胖[20-21]。后来，随着经济发展，健康理念的提高，较高的社会经济阶层较早的改变了不良习惯，而较低的社会阶层在一个国家的经济发展中持续存在不良健康行为，因此，糖尿病的高发病率又出现在较低的社会经济群体中。在一项糖尿病的调查研究中，近一半的糖尿病患者可能未被诊断出来，这导致了对疾病负担评估的不准确性[22]。社会经济较低的人群中患有未确诊的糖尿病可能主要原因是糖尿病筛查材料不足、疾病知识认知贫乏、卫生保障系统不健全[23-24]。根据相关研究报道，虽然糖尿病只占全球死亡率的5.2%，但它会导致严重的并发症，需要持续较长时间的治疗以控制病情[25]。在美国，糖尿病患者的医疗支出是正常人群的2.3倍，占医疗保健费用的五分之一以上[26]。非洲不同地区的糖尿病患者因糖尿病导致的经济损失每人每年从2 144.3美元到11 431.6美元不等[27]。据统计，与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病患者因糖尿病导致的预期寿命损失至少7.5年[28]。由于糖尿病负担大，经济成本高，因此预防糖尿病势在必行。糖尿病患病率的不平等在女性中更为明显，这可能是由于健康行为的性别差异，女性相对体力活动较少[25]。因此，预防糖尿病的措施应侧重于针对性别和社会经济地位等因素。干预措施的优先目标应考虑预防肥胖，特别是在较富裕的女性群体中减少不健康的饮食和增加体育活动，对于教育水平低和从事非技术职业的男性应该减少吸烟和增加水果摄入量[29]。
虽然一些传染性疾病负担指标正逐步下降，但人口老龄化加剧、对糖尿病认识程度较浅等原因导致糖尿病等非传染性疾病负担正持续增加[30]。本研究时间趋势分析发现，1990—2019年全球糖尿病负担呈先上升后下降，2012年后再次升高趋势。中间一段时期全球糖尿病负担下降可能与全球经济发展转型有关，在经济转型期间，人们的健康理念逐渐提高，不断改变不良生活习惯，使得糖尿病的负担降低。但近几年人口结构改变、老年人口增多、高龄化现象严重等因素导致糖尿病负担再次升高。全球糖尿病年度变化死亡率自2005年以来表现为下降趋势，这与医疗水平技术的提高有关，较高的医疗水平有助于降低糖尿病的死亡率。但目前全球糖尿病患者的数量仍十分庞大，防治形势日益严峻，防控工作面临着巨大挑战。
本研究的重点是分析全球糖尿病负担在不同经济群体中的不平等分布，为决策制定者提供科学的指导，从而缩小糖尿病负担在不同经济群体之间的差距。GBD数据库的定期更新为分析糖尿病负担的长期趋势提供了可能性，但本研究仍存在一定的局限性。一方面，HDI被用作衡量社会经济地位的指标，但该指标的应用忽略了国家内部的社会异质性，不能全面描述社会资源。另一方面，GBD数据是基于统计学模型估计的数据，对结果可能造成一定偏差。
4　结论
收起
综上所述，我们的研究表明，1990—2019年，全球糖尿病负担巨大且不断增加，其中中低收入国家增长率最高。就年龄标准化DALYs率而言，糖尿病负担在社会经济群体中不平等现况仍持续存在，更大的负担集中在发展中国家。降低全球糖尿病负担不平等差异是一项重大的公共卫生挑战，针对发展中国家需要实施更多的预防规划和保健服务。因此，为了应对糖尿病的高负担，可以加强高危人群的健康管理，提高人们的健康理念，改变不良生活方式。
基金
收起
  • 江西省科技厅重点研发项目(20192BBGL70016)
  • 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190047)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: 2013-2020[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_eng.pdf.
[2]
United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda.
[3]
Liu M, Liu SW, Wang LJ, et al. Burden of diabetes, hyperglycaemia in China from to 2016: Findings from the 1990 to 2016, global burden of disease study[J]. Diabetes & Metabolism, 2019, 45(3): 286-293.
[4]
International Diabetes Federation. The IDF Diabetes Atlas Tenth edition 2021 provides the latest figures, information and projections on diabetes worldwide[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. http://wwww.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/facts-figures.html.
[5]
Bommer C, Sagalova V, Heesemann E, et al. Global economic burden of diabetes in adults: projections from 2015 to 2030[J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(5): 963-970.
[6]
Moucheraud C, Lenz C, Latkovic M, et al. The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review[J]. BMJ Global Health, 2019, 4(1): e001258.
[7]
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study[J]. International Journal of Public Health, 2018, 63(Suppl 1): 177-186.
[8]
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
[9]
李枞．我国糖尿病医疗保健公正性问题研究[D]．大连：大连医科大学，2021.
Li C. Study on the Fairness of Diabetes Health Care in China[D]. Dalian: Dalian Medical University, 2021.
[10]
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases[EB/OL]. [2023-12-16]. https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
[11]
Afroz A, Alramadan MJ, Hossain MN, et al. Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review[J]. BMC Health Services Research, 2018, 18(1): 972.
[12]
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and National disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. The Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1859-1922.
[13]
Bell A. Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do[J]. Annals of Human Biology, 2020, 47(2): 208-217.
[14]
赵虹琳，李婷婷，丁国武．1990—2019年中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担趋势分析[J]．中华肿瘤防治杂志，2023，30（9）：507-512.
Zhao HL, Li TT, Ding GW. Trend analysis of disease burden of ovarian cancer in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 2023, 30(9): 507-512.
[15]
张记收，王梦龙，刘剑芳，等．基于2019年全球疾病负担研究数据分析1990—2019年中国高血压心脏病疾病负担变化趋势[J]．中华高血压杂志，2023，31（2）：141-149.
Zhang JS, Wang ML, Liu LF, et al. The 1990-2019 trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease in China based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Hypertension, 2023, 31(2): 141-149.
[16]
Su ZH, Zou ZY, Hay SI, et al. Global, regional, and National time trends in mortality for congenital heart disease, 1990–2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study[J]. eClinicalMedicine, 2022, 43: 101249.
[17]
韩喜婷，孙长青，程亮星，等．1990—2019年中国卵巢癌疾病负担及其变化趋势分析[J]．中国肿瘤，2023，32（5）：333-338.
Han XT, Sun CQ, Cheng LX, et al. Diseaseburden and its trends of ovarian cancer in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. China Tumor, 2023, 32(5): 333-338.
[18]
Chan Y, Walmsley RP. Learning and understanding the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis-of-variance-by-ranks test for differences among three or more Independent groups[J]. Physical Therapy, 1997, 77(12): 1755-1762.
[19]
De Vogli R, Gimeno D, Kivimaki M. Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2008, 359(1290): 1290-1291.
[20]
Talukder A, Hossain MZ. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in Bangladesh: application of two-level logistic regression model[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 10237.
[21]
Yin H, Wu QH, Cui Y, et al. Socioeconomic status and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chinese women: a structural equation modelling approach[J]. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(8): e014402.
[22]
马越，孔祥婕，彭雯，等．中国糖尿病疾病负担现状及趋势[J]．中国预防医学杂志，2023，24（4）：281-286.
Ma Y, Kong XJ, Peng W, et al.Disease burden and time trends of diabetes in China[J]. China Preventive Medicine, 2023, 24(4): 281-286.
[23]
Hasan MM, Tasnim F, Tariqujjaman M, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities of undiagnosed diabetes in a Resource-Poor setting: insights from the Cross-Sectional Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2011[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(1): 115.
[24]
Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Stokes A, et al. Diabetes diagnosis and care in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled analysis of individual data from 12 countries[J].The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2016, 4(11): 903-912.
[25]
De silva AP, De silva SHP, Haniffa R, et al. Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country[J]. International Journal for Equity in Health, 2018, 17(1): 45.
[26]
American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(4): 1033-1046.
[27]
Kirigia JM, Sambo HB, Sambo LG, et al. Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African region[J]. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2009, 9: 6.
[28]
Franco OH, Steyerberg EW, Hu FB, et al. Associations of diabetes mellitus with total Life expectancy andlife expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease[J]. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2007, 167(11): 1145-1151.
[29]
Ali N, Akram R, Sheikh N, et al. Sex-specific prevalence, inequality and associated predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults: results from a nationwide cross-sectional demographic and health survey[J]. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(9): e029364.
[30]
周伍明，崔璇璇，陆宗庆，等．1990―2019年中国2型糖尿病疾病负担分析[J]．中华疾病控制杂志，2023，27（6）：650-654, 690.
Zhou WM, Cui XX, Lu ZQ, et al.Disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2023, 27(6): 650-654, 690.
2024年第51卷第2期
PDF下载
32
14
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478
  • 接收时间：2023-07-26
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-01-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2023-07-26
基金
江西省科技厅重点研发项目(20192BBGL70016)
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190047)
作者信息
    1.南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 南昌 330000
    2.南昌大学护理学院

通讯作者:

戴小华，E-mail：
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307478
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持