Article(id=1241322670382437080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306321, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686931200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883987279, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883987279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883987279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883987279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=328, endPage=334, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322670776701696, articleId=1241322670382437080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction and verification of visual disability risk prediction model in patients with diabetic retinopathy, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To establish a model for predicting the risk of visual disability in patients with diabetic retinopathy and verify it externally.

Methods

A total of 383 DR Patients who received ophthalmology treatment in a tertiary eye hospital in Anhui Province from April to December 2022 were conveniently selected as the modeling group to construct a visual disability risk prediction model and test the prediction effect. It was convenient to select 165 patients with diabetic retinopathy from January 2023 to April 2023 in this hospital as the verification group for external verification.

Results

The incidence of visual disability in the modeling group was 51.70%. Gender, living style, whether suffering from other chronic diseases, regular revisit, DR Stage, number of diseased eyes, intraocular pressure value and family history of diabetes were the influencing factors(P< 0.05). The final regression equation was as follows: Logit(P) =-8.825+0.797×sex-0.874×residence style+1.504×whether you have other chronic diseases-0.871×whether you have regular follow-up visits +0.743×DR Stage+1.250×number of diseased eyes+0.166×intraocular pressure value +0.920×family history of diabetes. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the modeling group showed that x2=12.861, P=0.117, area under ROC curve was 0.838, 95% CI(0.795, 0.882), sensitivity was 0.737, specificity was 0.809. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the verification group showed that x2=15.141, P=0.056, area under ROC curve was 0.785, 95%CI was 0.704 - 0.866, sensitivity was 0.795, specificity was 0.727, accuracy was 75.76%.

Conclusion

The prediction effect of this model is good, and it can provide reference for clinical evaluation of the risk of visual disability in diabetic retinopathy patients.

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目的

构建糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险预测模型,并进行外部验证。

方法

便利选取2022年4月—12月在安徽省某三级眼科医院眼科就诊的383例DR患者作为建模组,构建视力残疾风险预测模型并对预测效果进行检验。便利选取2023年1月—2023年4月该院就诊的165例糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为验证组,进行外部验证。

结果

建模组视力残疾发生率为51.70%。性别、居住方式、是否患有其他慢性病、是否定期复诊、DR分期、病变眼数、眼压值和糖尿病家族史是其影响因素(P<0.05),最终得到的回归方程是:Logit(P)=-8.825+0.797×性别-0.874×居住方式+1.504×是否患有其他慢性病-0.871×是否定期复诊+0.743×DR分期+1.250×病变眼数+0.166×眼压值+0.920×糖尿病家族史。建模组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验示,x2=12.861,P=0.117,ROC曲线下面积为0.838,95% CI(0.795,0.882),灵敏度为0.737,特异度为0.809。验证组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验示,x2=15.141,P=0.056,ROC曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI为0.704~0.866,灵敏度为0.795,特异度为0.727,正确率为75.76%。

结论

该模型的预测效果良好,可为临床评估糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾发生风险提供参考。

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汪啸虎,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=38xZ2eyddIyGhF6Hu30ciA==, magXml=VgCaY2GR4Ca7/q5p9ufKww==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3ndBzigiX8me2HATjavY2Q==, pdfFileSize=791190, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=R2ORtn3r9zMO+FhEgj/J2g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sjaPWNlTcaWR7f/W/2lNTg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

董旭婷(1987—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:慢性病护理

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董旭婷(1987—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:慢性病护理

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董旭婷(1987—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:慢性病护理

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Dalian: Dalian Medical University, 2022., articleTitle=Characteristics of fatty acid and amino acid metabolites in patients with familial type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241322679869952323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, awardId=2022AH052639, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(2022AH052639), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322673721103248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322673729491859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, companyId=1241322673721103248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=AnHui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, AnHui 241000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322673737880467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, companyId=1241322673721103248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.安徽中医药高等专科学校,安徽 芜湖 241000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322673876292513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322673884681123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, companyId=1241322673876292513, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.芜湖市眼科医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241322678351614144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Visual disability risk in diabetic retinopathy patients, figureFileSmall=MA2zcTvJMBM5NnQRj7M1iA==, figureFileBig=R2ORtn3r9zMO+FhEgj/J2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322678439694533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=CN, label=图1, caption=糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险列线图, figureFileSmall=MA2zcTvJMBM5NnQRj7M1iA==, figureFileBig=R2ORtn3r9zMO+FhEgj/J2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322678703935709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Subject operation characteristic curve of the predictive model of risk factors for visual disability in diabetic retinopathy patients in the modeling group, figureFileSmall=rKL7ZIvSivjRLd81/Cg0fQ==, figureFileBig=dd785x+DhJ+whHhDpfLsOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322678808793316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=CN, label=图2, caption=建模组糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险因素预测模型的受试者操作特征曲线, figureFileSmall=rKL7ZIvSivjRLd81/Cg0fQ==, figureFileBig=dd785x+DhJ+whHhDpfLsOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322678909456622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Subject operation characteristic curve of the predictive model of risk factors for visual disability in diabetic retinopathy patients in the validation group, figureFileSmall=VXxpqOHefmF1RLeYVdU2mQ==, figureFileBig=WQ/yPNwWkpYHX5gyRQKBXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322679026897145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=CN, label=图3, caption=验证组糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险因素预测模型的受试者操作特征曲线, figureFileSmall=VXxpqOHefmF1RLeYVdU2mQ==, figureFileBig=WQ/yPNwWkpYHX5gyRQKBXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241322679131754758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of survey objects and results of single factor analysis in the modeling group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目建模组
n=383)
非视力残疾组
n=185)
视力残疾组
n=198)
Z/χ2P
性别[例(%)]14.054<0.001
196(51.17)113(61.08)83(41.92)
187(48.83)72(38.92)115(58.08)
居住地[例(%)]3.2990.069
城镇222(57.96)116(62.70)69(34.85)
农村161(42.34)69(37.30)92(65.15)
年龄(岁)[例(%)]0.1650.685
<60207(54.05)83(44.86)93(46.97)
≥60176(45.95)102(55.14)105(53.03)
婚姻状况[例(%)]0.0200.887
未婚/离婚/丧偶59(15.40)29(15.68)30(15.15)
在婚324(84.60)168(84.32)156(84.85)
文化程度[例(%)]-0.7440.457
小学及以下140(36.55)71(38.38)66(33.34)
初中/高中/职高/中专173(45.17)83(44.86)90(45.45)
大专及以上70(18.28)31(16.76)42(21.21)
居住方式[例(%)]12.871<0.001
独居82(21.41)26(14.05)56(28.28)
非独居301(78.59)159(85.95)142(71.72)
个人月收入(元)[例(%)]5.0520.025
<2 000243(63.45)57(30.81)79(39.90)
≥2 000140(36.55)128(69.19)119(60.10)
糖尿病病程(年)[例(%)]10.752<0.001
<5132(34.46)79(42.70)53(26.77)
≥5251(65.54)106(57.30)145(73.23)
是否定期复诊[例(%)]
144(36.81)80(43.24)65(32.83)4.1310.042
239(63.19)105(56.76)133(67.17)
DR分期[例(%)]-5.215<0.001
Ⅰ期19(4.96)16(8.65)3(1.52)
Ⅱ期46(12.01)32(17.30)14(7.07)
Ⅲ期58(15.14)34(18.38)24(12.12)
Ⅳ期131(34.20)54(29.19)77(38.89)
Ⅴ期100(26.11)47(25.41)53(26.77)
Ⅵ期29(7.57)2(1.08)27(13.64)
病变眼数[例(%)]20.957<0.001
单眼113(29.50)75(40.54)38(19.19)
双眼270(70.50)110(59.46)160(80.81)
合并其他并发症[例(%)]2.2450.134
161(42.04)85(45.95)76(38.38)
222(57.96)100(54.05)122(61.62)
是否患有其他慢性病[例(%)]13.237<0.001
273(71.28)114(61.62)157(79.29)
110(28.72)71(38.38)41(20.71)
用眼习惯[例(%)]0.0180.895
140(36.55)67(36.22)73(36.87)
不好243(63.45)118(63.78)125(63.13)
其他药物使用情况[例(%)]3.5510.060
352(91.91)165(89.19)187(94.44)
31(8.09)20(10.81)11(5.56)
糖尿病家族史[例(%)]4.5930.032
199(51.96)85(45.95)113(57.07)
184(48.04)100(54.05)85(42.93)
是否佩戴眼镜[例(%)]0.0780.781
56(14.62)26(14.05)30(15.15)
327(85.38)159(85.95)168(84.85)
是否知晓疾病相关知识[例(%)]10.990<0.001
140(36.55)84(45.41)57(28.79)
243(63.45)101(54.59)141(71.21)
吸烟习惯[例(%)]0.0410.839
吸烟75(19.52)37(20.00)38(19.19)
不吸烟308(80.42)148(80.00)160(80.81)
喝酒习惯[例(%)]1.8390.200
喝酒76(19.84)42(22.70)34(17.17)
不喝酒307(80.16)143(77.30)164(82.83)
运动习惯[例(%)]1.5880.208
运动333(86.95)165(89.19)168(84.85)
不运动50(13.05)20(10.81)30(15.15)
日常生活能力[例(%)]-3.2870.001
正常256(66.84)138(74.59)118(59.60)
轻度受损83(21.67)34(18.38)49(27.75)
重度受损44(11.49)13(7.03)31(15.65)
BMI分组[例(%)]-1.2090.227
<18.518(4.70)6(3.24)12(6.06)
18.5~24.9265(69.19)127(68.65)138(69.70)
≥25.0100(29.11)52(28.11)48(24.24)
眼压值(mmHg)[MP25,P75)]16.00(14.00,18.00)15.00(13.00,16.00)17.00(14.00,19.00)-3.853<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L)[MP25,P75)]5.87(5.00,7.26)5.78(5.07,7.26)5.95(4.98,7.37)-0.1530.878
焦虑(分)[MP25,P75)]47.50(43.75,55.00)45.00(43.75,53.75)50.00(43.75,56.25)-2.7800.005
抑郁(分)[MP25,P75)]57.50(50.00,62.50)57.50(47.50,61.25)59.38(50.31,62.50)-1.6950.090
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建模组调查对象一般资料及单因素分析结果

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项目建模组
n=383)
非视力残疾组
n=185)
视力残疾组
n=198)
Z/χ2P
性别[例(%)]14.054<0.001
196(51.17)113(61.08)83(41.92)
187(48.83)72(38.92)115(58.08)
居住地[例(%)]3.2990.069
城镇222(57.96)116(62.70)69(34.85)
农村161(42.34)69(37.30)92(65.15)
年龄(岁)[例(%)]0.1650.685
<60207(54.05)83(44.86)93(46.97)
≥60176(45.95)102(55.14)105(53.03)
婚姻状况[例(%)]0.0200.887
未婚/离婚/丧偶59(15.40)29(15.68)30(15.15)
在婚324(84.60)168(84.32)156(84.85)
文化程度[例(%)]-0.7440.457
小学及以下140(36.55)71(38.38)66(33.34)
初中/高中/职高/中专173(45.17)83(44.86)90(45.45)
大专及以上70(18.28)31(16.76)42(21.21)
居住方式[例(%)]12.871<0.001
独居82(21.41)26(14.05)56(28.28)
非独居301(78.59)159(85.95)142(71.72)
个人月收入(元)[例(%)]5.0520.025
<2 000243(63.45)57(30.81)79(39.90)
≥2 000140(36.55)128(69.19)119(60.10)
糖尿病病程(年)[例(%)]10.752<0.001
<5132(34.46)79(42.70)53(26.77)
≥5251(65.54)106(57.30)145(73.23)
是否定期复诊[例(%)]
144(36.81)80(43.24)65(32.83)4.1310.042
239(63.19)105(56.76)133(67.17)
DR分期[例(%)]-5.215<0.001
Ⅰ期19(4.96)16(8.65)3(1.52)
Ⅱ期46(12.01)32(17.30)14(7.07)
Ⅲ期58(15.14)34(18.38)24(12.12)
Ⅳ期131(34.20)54(29.19)77(38.89)
Ⅴ期100(26.11)47(25.41)53(26.77)
Ⅵ期29(7.57)2(1.08)27(13.64)
病变眼数[例(%)]20.957<0.001
单眼113(29.50)75(40.54)38(19.19)
双眼270(70.50)110(59.46)160(80.81)
合并其他并发症[例(%)]2.2450.134
161(42.04)85(45.95)76(38.38)
222(57.96)100(54.05)122(61.62)
是否患有其他慢性病[例(%)]13.237<0.001
273(71.28)114(61.62)157(79.29)
110(28.72)71(38.38)41(20.71)
用眼习惯[例(%)]0.0180.895
140(36.55)67(36.22)73(36.87)
不好243(63.45)118(63.78)125(63.13)
其他药物使用情况[例(%)]3.5510.060
352(91.91)165(89.19)187(94.44)
31(8.09)20(10.81)11(5.56)
糖尿病家族史[例(%)]4.5930.032
199(51.96)85(45.95)113(57.07)
184(48.04)100(54.05)85(42.93)
是否佩戴眼镜[例(%)]0.0780.781
56(14.62)26(14.05)30(15.15)
327(85.38)159(85.95)168(84.85)
是否知晓疾病相关知识[例(%)]10.990<0.001
140(36.55)84(45.41)57(28.79)
243(63.45)101(54.59)141(71.21)
吸烟习惯[例(%)]0.0410.839
吸烟75(19.52)37(20.00)38(19.19)
不吸烟308(80.42)148(80.00)160(80.81)
喝酒习惯[例(%)]1.8390.200
喝酒76(19.84)42(22.70)34(17.17)
不喝酒307(80.16)143(77.30)164(82.83)
运动习惯[例(%)]1.5880.208
运动333(86.95)165(89.19)168(84.85)
不运动50(13.05)20(10.81)30(15.15)
日常生活能力[例(%)]-3.2870.001
正常256(66.84)138(74.59)118(59.60)
轻度受损83(21.67)34(18.38)49(27.75)
重度受损44(11.49)13(7.03)31(15.65)
BMI分组[例(%)]-1.2090.227
<18.518(4.70)6(3.24)12(6.06)
18.5~24.9265(69.19)127(68.65)138(69.70)
≥25.0100(29.11)52(28.11)48(24.24)
眼压值(mmHg)[MP25,P75)]16.00(14.00,18.00)15.00(13.00,16.00)17.00(14.00,19.00)-3.853<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L)[MP25,P75)]5.87(5.00,7.26)5.78(5.07,7.26)5.95(4.98,7.37)-0.1530.878
焦虑(分)[MP25,P75)]47.50(43.75,55.00)45.00(43.75,53.75)50.00(43.75,56.25)-2.7800.005
抑郁(分)[MP25,P75)]57.50(50.00,62.50)57.50(47.50,61.25)59.38(50.31,62.50)-1.6950.090
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Assignment table of argument variables

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自变量赋值方式
性别男=0,女=1
居住方式非独居=0,独居=1
个人月收入(元)<2 000=0,≥2 000=1
糖尿病病程(年)<5=0,≥5=1
是否定期复诊否=0,是=1
DR分期Ⅰ期=1,Ⅱ期=2,Ⅲ期=3,Ⅳ期=4,Ⅴ期=5,Ⅵ期=6
病变眼数单眼=0,双眼=1
是否患有其他慢性病否=0,是=1
糖尿病家族史无=0,有=1
是否知晓疾病相关知识否=0,是=1
日常生活能力正常=1,中度受损=2,重度受损=3
眼压值(mmHg)按实际值录入
焦虑得分(分)按实际值录入
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自变量赋值表

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自变量赋值方式
性别男=0,女=1
居住方式非独居=0,独居=1
个人月收入(元)<2 000=0,≥2 000=1
糖尿病病程(年)<5=0,≥5=1
是否定期复诊否=0,是=1
DR分期Ⅰ期=1,Ⅱ期=2,Ⅲ期=3,Ⅳ期=4,Ⅴ期=5,Ⅵ期=6
病变眼数单眼=0,双眼=1
是否患有其他慢性病否=0,是=1
糖尿病家族史无=0,有=1
是否知晓疾病相关知识否=0,是=1
日常生活能力正常=1,中度受损=2,重度受损=3
眼压值(mmHg)按实际值录入
焦虑得分(分)按实际值录入
), ArticleFig(id=1241322679567962409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistics regression analysis of visual disability risk in DR Patients

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变量β标准误Wald x2POR值(95% CI
常数项-8.8251.35842.251<0.001-
性别0.7970.3046.8560.0092.219(1.222~4.029)
居住方式0.8740.4294.1630.0410.417(0.180~0.966)
是否患有其他慢性病1.5040.35817.670<0.0014.500(2.232~9.074)
是否定期复诊-0.8710.3068.1190.0040.418(0.230~0.762)
DR分期0.7430.13331.198<0.0012.102(1.619~2.727)
病变眼数1.2500.35212.591<0.0013.492(1.750~6.966)
眼压值0.1660.04513.868<0.0011.181(1.082~1.289)
糖尿病家族史0.9200.3178.4510.0042.510(1.350~4.669)
), ArticleFig(id=1241322679727345973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322670382437080, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DR患者视力残疾风险的logistics回归分析

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变量β标准误Wald x2POR值(95% CI
常数项-8.8251.35842.251<0.001-
性别0.7970.3046.8560.0092.219(1.222~4.029)
居住方式0.8740.4294.1630.0410.417(0.180~0.966)
是否患有其他慢性病1.5040.35817.670<0.0014.500(2.232~9.074)
是否定期复诊-0.8710.3068.1190.0040.418(0.230~0.762)
DR分期0.7430.13331.198<0.0012.102(1.619~2.727)
病变眼数1.2500.35212.591<0.0013.492(1.750~6.966)
眼压值0.1660.04513.868<0.0011.181(1.082~1.289)
糖尿病家族史0.9200.3178.4510.0042.510(1.350~4.669)
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糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险预测模型的构建和验证
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董旭婷 1 , 汪啸虎 2 , 徐芳 2 , 谷婷 2 , 陈娉婷 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(2): 328-334
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(2): 328-334
糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险预测模型的构建和验证
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董旭婷1, 汪啸虎2 , 徐芳2, 谷婷2, 陈娉婷2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽中医药高等专科学校,安徽 芜湖 241000
  • 2.芜湖市眼科医院
  • 董旭婷(1987—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:慢性病护理

通讯作者:

汪啸虎,E-mail:
Construction and verification of visual disability risk prediction model in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Xu-ting DONG1, Xiao-hu WANG2 , Fang XU2, Ting GU2, Pin-ting CHEN2
Affiliations
  • AnHui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, AnHui 241000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306321
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目的

构建糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险预测模型,并进行外部验证。

方法

便利选取2022年4月—12月在安徽省某三级眼科医院眼科就诊的383例DR患者作为建模组,构建视力残疾风险预测模型并对预测效果进行检验。便利选取2023年1月—2023年4月该院就诊的165例糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为验证组,进行外部验证。

结果

建模组视力残疾发生率为51.70%。性别、居住方式、是否患有其他慢性病、是否定期复诊、DR分期、病变眼数、眼压值和糖尿病家族史是其影响因素(P<0.05),最终得到的回归方程是:Logit(P)=-8.825+0.797×性别-0.874×居住方式+1.504×是否患有其他慢性病-0.871×是否定期复诊+0.743×DR分期+1.250×病变眼数+0.166×眼压值+0.920×糖尿病家族史。建模组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验示,x2=12.861,P=0.117,ROC曲线下面积为0.838,95% CI(0.795,0.882),灵敏度为0.737,特异度为0.809。验证组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验示,x2=15.141,P=0.056,ROC曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI为0.704~0.866,灵敏度为0.795,特异度为0.727,正确率为75.76%。

结论

该模型的预测效果良好,可为临床评估糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾发生风险提供参考。

糖尿病视网膜病变  /  视力残疾  /  风险  /  预测模型
Objective

To establish a model for predicting the risk of visual disability in patients with diabetic retinopathy and verify it externally.

Methods

A total of 383 DR Patients who received ophthalmology treatment in a tertiary eye hospital in Anhui Province from April to December 2022 were conveniently selected as the modeling group to construct a visual disability risk prediction model and test the prediction effect. It was convenient to select 165 patients with diabetic retinopathy from January 2023 to April 2023 in this hospital as the verification group for external verification.

Results

The incidence of visual disability in the modeling group was 51.70%. Gender, living style, whether suffering from other chronic diseases, regular revisit, DR Stage, number of diseased eyes, intraocular pressure value and family history of diabetes were the influencing factors(P< 0.05). The final regression equation was as follows: Logit(P) =-8.825+0.797×sex-0.874×residence style+1.504×whether you have other chronic diseases-0.871×whether you have regular follow-up visits +0.743×DR Stage+1.250×number of diseased eyes+0.166×intraocular pressure value +0.920×family history of diabetes. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the modeling group showed that x2=12.861, P=0.117, area under ROC curve was 0.838, 95% CI(0.795, 0.882), sensitivity was 0.737, specificity was 0.809. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the verification group showed that x2=15.141, P=0.056, area under ROC curve was 0.785, 95%CI was 0.704 - 0.866, sensitivity was 0.795, specificity was 0.727, accuracy was 75.76%.

Conclusion

The prediction effect of this model is good, and it can provide reference for clinical evaluation of the risk of visual disability in diabetic retinopathy patients.

Diabetic retinopathy  /  Visual disability  /  Risk  /  Prediction model
董旭婷, 汪啸虎, 徐芳, 谷婷, 陈娉婷. 糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力残疾风险预测模型的构建和验证. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 328 -334 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306321
Xu-ting DONG, Xiao-hu WANG, Fang XU, Ting GU, Pin-ting CHEN. Construction and verification of visual disability risk prediction model in patients with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 328 -334 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306321
糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic Retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,全球糖尿病患者的DR患病率为22.27%,2020年,全球伴随严重视力障碍的DR患者为1.031亿,预计到2045年,将上升至1.065亿[1],研究[2]发现,DR是引起患者视力残疾的主要原因,视力的下降不仅会进一步导致患者生活质量的降低[3],还会增加跌倒和骨折发生率[4],甚至导致死亡[5],所以,对于DR患者来说,及时进行全面眼科检查和治疗,是避免患者视力永久性散失的关键手段。构建DR患者视力残疾的预测模型,并利用列线图形式呈现,在临床上获取患者相关资料数据后,便可快速、高效地筛查其视力残疾风险,有助于进一步分类指导、梯度转诊及治疗干预,对预防患者视力残疾,提高患者生活质量有着重要的意义。本研究旨在探讨DR患者视力残疾的危险因素,并建立预测模型,为临床早期识别视力残疾高危患者提供有效的预测工具。
采用便利抽样法,选取2022年4月—2022年12月在安徽省某三级眼科医院就诊的符合纳入及排除标准的DR患者作为建模组,2023年1月—2023年4月在该院就诊的符合相同纳入及排除标准的DR患者作为验证组。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)符合临床诊疗指南[6]中DR(Ⅰ期~Ⅵ期)的诊断标准。排除标准:(1)沟通交流存在困难;(2)既往患有精神性疾病或存在严重躯体障碍。本研究已获得芜湖市眼科医院医学伦理委员会批准(伦理批件号:202206),参与本研究的研究对象及家属均知情同意,且自愿参与本研究。视力残疾的诊断标准参照视力残疾标准[7]进行评定,以视力较好眼的最佳矫正视力或视野半径最为评定标准,包括盲(包括一级和二级)及低视力(包括三级和四级)两类,一级为最佳矫正视力<0.02或视野半径<5度;二级为0.02≤最佳矫正视力<0.05或视野半径<10度;三级为0.05≤最佳矫正视力<0.1;四级为0.1≤最佳矫正视力<0.3。本文将视力较好眼的最佳矫正视力<0.3或视野半径<10度,即判定为视力残疾。根据10EPV(Events per variable)法制计算样本量,认为每个普通变量至少需要纳入10个样本,有序多分类变量至少需要纳入20个样本[8],本研究中最终纳入13个变量,其中有序多分类变量为文化程度和日常生活能力共2个,故需纳入150个样本,研究数据集满足要求。
采用问卷调查进行相关资料的收集,调查问卷包括以下6个部分:(1)一般人口学特征:性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住方式、个人月收入等。(2)健康疾病资料:DR分期、糖尿病病程、病变眼、既往史、家族史、BMI、用药情况等、疾病检查治疗情况、眼压值、空腹血糖值等。(3)生活方式相关资料:吸烟情况、喝酒情况、运动情况、用眼情况、戴镜情况等。(4)日常生活能力量表(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL):采用Lawton等[9]编制的ADL量表测量DR患者的日常生活能力,该量表分为躯体生活自理量表(6个条目)和工具性日常生活活动量表(8个条目),采用1~4级评分法,从1分(自己完全可以做)~4分(自己完全不可以做),得分范围为14~56分,14分表示正常,15~21分表示轻度受损,≥22分表示重度受损,该量表Cronbach α系数为0.970。(5)焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SAS):采用Zung[10]编制的SAS量表评估DR患者的焦虑水平,该量表包括20个条目,采用1~4级评分法,从1分(没有或偶尔)~4分(总是如此),总分=1.25×条目总分,得分范围为25~100分,得分越高,焦虑水平越高。(6)抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale, SDS):采用Zung[11]编制的SAS量表评估DR患者的抑郁水平,该量表包括20个条目,采用1~4级评分法,从1分(没有或偶尔)~4分(总是如此),总分=1.25×条目总分,得分范围为25~100分,得分越高,抑郁水平越高。
调查前对科室2名医生、4名护士进行统一培训,医生负责DR分期及视力残疾的评定,其他资料由护士一对一进行逐条提问,并采用代填的方式采集。本次研究,共发放580份调查问卷,回收问卷580份,其中有效问卷548份,有效问卷回收率为94.48%。
采用SPSS 27.0 对收集的数据进行统计分析,检验水准ɑ=0.05。计数资料采用例、百分比描述,单因素分析采用卡方检验或Fisher 确切概率法;不符合正态分布的计量资料采用中位数、四分位数表示,单因素分析采用非参数Mann-Whitney U检验,利用二元logistic向后逐步法筛选DR患者视力残疾的危险因素并构建风险预测模型,通过ROC曲线下面积对预测模型的拟合效果进行评估,通过灵敏度、特异度和正确率对预测模型进行验证。
建模组共纳入383例患者,一般资料见表1。验证组中,共纳入165例患者,年龄为[59.00(54.00,71.00)]岁;男84例(50.91%),女81例(49.09%);居住地为城镇者居多,有102例(61.82%);在婚者居多136例(82.42%);初中/高中/职高/中专学历居多,有75例(45.45%);非独居者居多,有127例(76.97%);个人月收入者≥2 000元者居多,有113例(68.48%);糖尿病病程≥5年者居多,有121例(73.33%);DR分期为Ⅳ期者居多,有53例(32.12%)。训练集和验证集中视力残疾发生率分别为51.70%(198/383),52.12%(86/165)。
建模组中,视力残疾组与非视力残疾组比较,性别、居住方式、个人月收入、糖尿病病程、是否定期复诊、DR分期、病变眼数、是否患有其他慢性病、糖尿病家族史、是否知晓疾病相关知识、日常生活能力、眼压值、焦虑比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1
以上13变量的VIF值为1.059~2.068,提示不存在多重共线性,然后以是否视力残疾作为因变量,采用向后逐步法二元logistic回归进行分析(自变量赋值见表2)。分析结果显示,性别、居住方式、是否定期复诊、DR分期、病变眼数、是否患有其他慢性病、眼压值、糖尿病家族史8个变量为DR患者发生视力残疾的危险因素(P<0.05),见表3。最终得到的回归方程是:Logit(P)=-8.825+0.797×性别-0.874×居住方式+1.504×是否患有其他慢性病-0.871×是否定期复诊+0.743×DR分期+1.250×病变眼数+0.166×眼压值+0.920×糖尿病家族史,列线图见图1
Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果中,x2=12.861,P=0.117,采用ROC曲线检验模型的拟合效果,ROC曲线下面积为0.838,95% CI(0.795,0.882),最大约登指数为0.546,灵敏度为0.737,特异度为0.809,见图2
选取2023年1月—4月在该院就诊且符合纳入标准的165例患者作为验证组进行临床验证。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果中,x2=15.141,P=0.056,ROC曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI为0.704~0.866,最大约登指数为0.522,灵敏度为0.795,特异度为0.727,见图3。模型预测视力残疾68例,误判18例;实际未发生视力残疾的为79例,模型预测为57例,误判22例;模型总正确率为(68+57)/165,即75.76%。
本研究中,建模组和验证组中视力残疾发生率均高于高晓烨等[12]调查的523名DR患者的视力残疾发生率27.34%,可能与本次研究调查对象来源于医院就诊的DR患者有关,患者DR病程较长,严重程度较重,导致视力残疾发生率较高。
DR患者早期没有任何症状,针对DR管理重点在于早期发现、早期干预。在本研究中,根据建模组及验证组中构建模型的ROC曲线下面积值、灵敏度及特异度在0.737至0.838之间,模型预测正确率为75.76%,说明可以较好预测DR患者视力残疾的发生风险,临床医护人员通过该模型可以早期识别出视力残疾高危人群。
本研究结果表明,女性患者发生视力残疾的风险更高。研究[13]发现,女性DR患者视力散失负担显著高于男性,这可能与女性残疾寿命的延长及获得医疗保健方面的性别不平等等因素有关,另外,女性妊娠期还会因机体血容量过多、血液高凝状态以及视网膜自动调节受损等原因,加速视网膜病变的进程。
本研究结果表明,独居患者发生视力残疾的风险更高。独居DR患者因视力下降,易发生跌倒,从而进一步损伤机体功能,另外,独居患者因缺乏家属陪伴,导致社会支持的不足,引发负性情绪,从而加快DR发展进程。因此,临床医护人员应关注独居患者,尽可能鼓励家人、朋友的陪伴,通过开展同伴教育等措施提高患者社会支持水平,避免视力残疾发生。
本研究结果表明,患有其他慢性病的DR患者发生视力残疾的风险更高。糖尿病肾病、高脂血症、高血压等慢性病是DR恶化的独立危险因素,老年慢病患者发生视力障碍的风险为1.66~2.98倍[14]。DR的发病机制与视网膜的炎症反应、新生血管形成和神经变性有关,合并其他慢性病进一步加剧慢性全身炎症、炎症反应以及氧化应激反应,促进DR病程发展。因此,对于患有其他慢性病的DR患者需要定期进行检查。
本研究结果表明,未定期复诊的DR患者发生视力残疾的风险更高。对DR患者来说,至少每年一次复诊是避免症状加重甚至致盲的关键措施,但患者常因疾病认知上的不足,医疗保险费用等问题影响其复诊积极性[15]。因此,加强宣教同时,政府还应完善目前医保制度,缓解就医压力,并通过定期复诊提醒,避免DR患者视力残疾。
糖尿病患者在代谢紊乱的开始和DR的早期阶段,其视力通常不受影响,其治疗方案包括血糖水平和血压控制以及优化患者心血管风险状况在内的多因素干预;但随着DR病程的加剧,视力会因糖尿病性黄斑水肿、增生性视网膜并发症的存在而受到损害,其治疗方案主要包括全视网膜激光光凝术、玻璃体内抗VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)注射以及玻璃体切割术等治疗手段。因此,针对不同时期DR患者应及早采取不同的治疗手段,延缓病程进展。
本研究结果表明,双眼病变的DR患者发生视力残疾的风险更高。双眼糖尿病视力损伤发生率为60.97%,其生活质量明显低于单眼视力损伤患者[16]。新生血管性青光眼是一种继发于视网膜血管性疾病的难治性青光眼,预后差、失明率高,调查[17]发现,其发病的原因主要与DR有关,且双眼DR患者发病率最高。因此,对于DR患者而言,应注重双眼全面定期检查,对双眼的视力、矫正视力、眼压以及眼前节和眼底都应做好全面的评估。
本研究结果表明,眼压越高的DR患者发生视力残疾的风险更高,这可能与长期眼压的升高导致视网膜及视神经功能的衰退有关[18],糖尿病患者眼压值、血糖值、并发症情况三者间成明显正相关,控制眼压不仅是预防糖尿病患者视力损伤的重要措施,还是预防DR患者糖尿病视网膜病变术后新生血管性青光眼、前房玻璃体积血等并发症的重要手段。因此,临床医护人员针对DR患者应加强血糖管理,做好充分的围手术期准备工作,减少高眼压的发生,避免视力损害的进一步加重。
本研究结果表明,有糖尿病家族史的DR患者发生视力残疾的风险更高,研究[19-20]发现,糖脂代谢异常与DR视力损害程度均呈明显正相关,有家族史的糖尿病患者DR等眼科疾病的风险较高。因此,临床上针对有家族史的DR患者,应注意采取有效的生活方式,注意监测代谢指标的监测,改善其预后。
本研究显示,女性、独居、患有其他慢性病、未定期复诊、DR分期、双眼病变、高眼压值、有糖尿病家族史是DR患者视力残疾的危险因素,建立的预测模型能为临床医护人员尽早识别视力残疾高危患者,提供简便、有效的评估工具。本研究不足之处在于,调查对象为安徽省某三级眼科医院眼科就诊的DR患者,导致视力残疾发生率较高,样本量代表性有限,且本研究为横断面设计,因果关系难以确定,未来将考虑设计多中心、大样本量和纵向研究,以评估DR患者不同时间点视力残疾的发生风险,进一步优化预测模型。
  • 2022年安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(2022AH052639)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202306321
  • 接收时间:2023-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-17
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2022年安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(2022AH052639)
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    1.安徽中医药高等专科学校,安徽 芜湖 241000
    2.芜湖市眼科医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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