Article(id=1241322665680622127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309232, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694448000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883986157, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883986157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883986157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883986157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=233, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322667291234894, articleId=1241322665680622127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers.

Methods

This study focused on 1 283 male workers from a bus manufacturing company. A total of 889 workers exposed occupational noise were in the noise exposure group, and 394 workers exposed to both benzene mixture and noise were in the combined exposure group. Pure-tone air conduction threshold tests were conducted on both groups at six frequencies: 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, 3 000 Hz, 4 000 Hz, and 6 000 Hz. Then the differences in high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss between the two groups were compared and the impact of age, work experience, body mass index(BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and exposure factors on hearing loss was analyzed.

Results

The high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than the noise group(P<0.01). As age increased, the detection rate of hearing loss also increased among the workers(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, work experience ≥20 years, and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, and work experience of 10-20 years were the risk factors for speech-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise increased the risk of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) among the workers(OR for high-frequency=1.974, OR for speech-frequency=13.086).

Conclusion

Combined exposure to benzene and noise may have a synergistic effect on NIHL.

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目的

探讨苯系物和噪声联合暴露对工人职业性噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的影响。

方法

选择某客车制造企业1 283名男工为研究对象,根据工作场所噪声与苯系物暴露情况将工人分为两组,噪声暴露组889人,苯系物与噪声联合暴露组394人。对工人分别进行左、右耳500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz、3 000 Hz、4 000 Hz、6 000 Hz 6个频率的纯音气导听阈测试,比较两组的高频及语频听力损失差异,并分析年龄、工龄、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、暴露因素对听力损失的影响。

结果

苯系物与噪声联合暴露组工人高频听力损失和语频听力损失检出率均高于噪声暴露组(P<0.01);随年龄增加,工人听力损失检出率升高(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄≥20年及饮酒是工人高频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄10~20年是研究对象语频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01)。苯系物与噪声联合暴露增加了工人NIHL的风险(OR高频=1.974,OR语频=13.086)。

结论

苯系物与噪声联合暴露可能对NIHL具有协同作用。

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姚武,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=s8JVEWJ2LBOQoMzohvfmuA==, magXml=X9kWhbKHQ34PUb3deuh/Yw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qHFPYtn9se5dDpypER7msQ==, pdfFileSize=474039, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hzkBMKDU2lJ7CL0ybm1/tA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

樊惠玲(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生

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樊惠玲(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生

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Control study on effect of smoking on noise induced high frequency hearing loss[J]. Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2020, 33(1): 17-20., articleTitle=Control study on effect of smoking on noise induced high frequency hearing loss, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322684416578079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=24, pageStart=31511, pageEnd=31519, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Li WZ, Zhao ZY, Chen ZL, journalName=Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li WZ, Zhao ZY, Chen ZL, et al. Prevalence of hearing loss and influencing factors among workers in Wuhan, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2021, 28(24): 31511-31519., articleTitle=Prevalence of hearing loss and influencing factors among workers in Wuhan, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322684550795815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=519, pageEnd=524, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=何磊磊, 任东, 姜晓梅, journalName=职业卫生与应急救援, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何磊磊,任东,姜晓梅,等.职业人群噪声性听力损失影响因素研究进展[J].职业卫生与应急救援202341(4):519-524., articleTitle=职业人群噪声性听力损失影响因素研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322684664042030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=519, pageEnd=524, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=He LL, Ren D, Jiang XM, journalName=Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He LL, Ren D, Jiang XM, et al. Research progress on the influencing factors of noise induced hearing loss in occupational populations[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(4): 519-524., articleTitle=Research progress on the influencing factors of noise induced hearing loss in occupational populations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322686194962993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=18, pageStart=3290, pageEnd=3294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=白卢皙, 段丹萍, 李燕茹, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白卢皙,段丹萍,李燕茹,等.个人行为方式对噪声性听力损失的影响[J].现代预防医学202148(18):3290-3294., articleTitle=个人行为方式对噪声性听力损失的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322686312403509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=18, pageStart=3290, pageEnd=3294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Bai LX, Duan DP, Li YR, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bai LX, Duan DP, Li YR, et al. Effect of individual behaviors on noise-induced hearing loss[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(18): 3290-3294., articleTitle=Effect of individual behaviors on noise-induced hearing loss, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241322686413066808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Qian PY, Zhao ZX, Liu SY, journalName=PLOS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian PY, Zhao ZX, Liu SY, et al. Alcohol as a risk factor for hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PLOS One, 2023, 18(1): e0280641., articleTitle=Alcohol as a risk factor for hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241322678838153447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, awardId=81872574, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81872574), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241322670529237732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322670546014950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, companyId=1241322670529237732, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322670562792169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, companyId=1241322670529237732, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,河南 郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241322670650872558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241322670663455473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, companyId=1241322670650872558, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院),劳动卫生科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241322677873463437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The basic characteristics of research objects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别噪声暴露组
n=889)
联合暴露组
n=394)
χ2P
年龄(岁)25.689<0.001
<40756(85.0)288(73.1)
≥40133(15.0)106(26.9)
工龄(年)4.4190.110
<10258(29.0)127(32.2)
10~19563(63.3)227(57.6)
≥2068(7.6)40(10.2)
BMI(kg/m20.8540.652
正常370(41.6)171(43.4)
超重366(41.2)163(41.4)
肥胖153(17.2)60(15.2)
吸烟0.3550.551
519(58.4)223(56.6)
370(41.6)171(43.4)
饮酒0.0500.823
446(50.2)195(49.5)
443(49.8)199(50.5)
高血压5.5270.019
556(62.5)219(55.6)
333(37.5)175(44.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241322677986709655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别噪声暴露组
n=889)
联合暴露组
n=394)
χ2P
年龄(岁)25.689<0.001
<40756(85.0)288(73.1)
≥40133(15.0)106(26.9)
工龄(年)4.4190.110
<10258(29.0)127(32.2)
10~19563(63.3)227(57.6)
≥2068(7.6)40(10.2)
BMI(kg/m20.8540.652
正常370(41.6)171(43.4)
超重366(41.2)163(41.4)
肥胖153(17.2)60(15.2)
吸烟0.3550.551
519(58.4)223(56.6)
370(41.6)171(43.4)
饮酒0.0500.823
446(50.2)195(49.5)
443(49.8)199(50.5)
高血压5.5270.019
556(62.5)219(55.6)
333(37.5)175(44.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678062207140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of hearing loss between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数高频听力损失语频听力损失
例数检出率
(%)
例数检出率
(%)
噪声暴露组88930934.8%91.0%
联合暴露组39421153.6%5814.7%
χ240.012103.655
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678162870444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组研究对象听力损失情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数高频听力损失语频听力损失
例数检出率
(%)
例数检出率
(%)
噪声暴露组88930934.8%91.0%
联合暴露组39421153.6%5814.7%
χ240.012103.655
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678288699573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The abnormal rate of hearing loss in workers with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素高频听力损失语频听力损失
噪声暴露组n(%)联合暴露组n(%)χ2P噪声暴露组n(%)联合暴露组n(%)χ2P
年龄(岁)
<40233(30.8)121(42.0)11.6600.0017(0.9)16(5.5)20.747<0.001
≥4076(57.1)90(84.9)21.431<0.0012(1.5)42(39.6)57.062<0.001
工龄(年)
<1065(25.1)70(55.1)33.470<0.0012(0.7)28(22.0)53.599<0.001
10~19207(36.7)106(46.6)6.6660.0106(1.0)16(7.0)21.388<0.001
≥2037(54.4)35(87.5)12.408<0.0011(1.4)14(35.0)23.674<0.001
BMI(kg/m2
正常128(34.5)90(52.6)15.815<0.0016(1.6)20(11.6)25.944<0.001
超重130(35.5)79(48.4)7.1390.0082(0.5)27(16.5)55.843<0.001
肥胖51(33.3)42(70.0)23.556<0.0011(0.6)11(18.3)22.123a<0.001
吸烟
178(34.2)120(53.8)24.718<0.0017(1.3)29(13.0)45.904<0.001
131(35.4)91(53.2)15.333<0.0012(0.5)29(16.9)58.362<0.001
饮酒
148(33.1)90(46.1)9.7770.0023(0.6)26(13.3)50.349<0.001
161(36.3)121(60.8)33.357<0.0016(1.3)32(16.0)53.474<0.001
高血压
189(33.9)118(53.8)25.980<0.0017(1.2)27(12.3)45.899<0.001
120(36.0)93(53.1)13.787<0.0012(0.6)31(17.7)55.313<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678435500229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组研究对象高频、语频听力损失的分层分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素高频听力损失语频听力损失
噪声暴露组n(%)联合暴露组n(%)χ2P噪声暴露组n(%)联合暴露组n(%)χ2P
年龄(岁)
<40233(30.8)121(42.0)11.6600.0017(0.9)16(5.5)20.747<0.001
≥4076(57.1)90(84.9)21.431<0.0012(1.5)42(39.6)57.062<0.001
工龄(年)
<1065(25.1)70(55.1)33.470<0.0012(0.7)28(22.0)53.599<0.001
10~19207(36.7)106(46.6)6.6660.0106(1.0)16(7.0)21.388<0.001
≥2037(54.4)35(87.5)12.408<0.0011(1.4)14(35.0)23.674<0.001
BMI(kg/m2
正常128(34.5)90(52.6)15.815<0.0016(1.6)20(11.6)25.944<0.001
超重130(35.5)79(48.4)7.1390.0082(0.5)27(16.5)55.843<0.001
肥胖51(33.3)42(70.0)23.556<0.0011(0.6)11(18.3)22.123a<0.001
吸烟
178(34.2)120(53.8)24.718<0.0017(1.3)29(13.0)45.904<0.001
131(35.4)91(53.2)15.333<0.0012(0.5)29(16.9)58.362<0.001
饮酒
148(33.1)90(46.1)9.7770.0023(0.6)26(13.3)50.349<0.001
161(36.3)121(60.8)33.357<0.0016(1.3)32(16.0)53.474<0.001
高血压
189(33.9)118(53.8)25.980<0.0017(1.2)27(12.3)45.899<0.001
120(36.0)93(53.1)13.787<0.0012(0.6)31(17.7)55.313<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678565523665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of hearing loss

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素高频听力损失语频听力损失
POR值(95% CIPOR值(95% CI
联合暴露<0.0011.974(1.528~2.550)<0.00113.086(6.279~27.273)
年龄≥40岁<0.0013.924(2.711~5.681)<0.0019.167(4.800~17.505)
工龄(年)
<100.1920.003
10~190.2211.261(0.964~1.650)0.0010.338(0.179~0.640)
≥20<0.0011.409(0.813~2.440)0.0710.463(0.201~1.067)
BMI(kg/m2
正常0.2750.829
超重0.4360.899(0.689~1.174)0.6490.862(0.455~1.633)
肥胖0.3371.190(0.834~1.699)0.8621.077(0.468~2.477)
吸烟0.8540.976(0.754~1.699)0.2441.432(0.783~2.621)
饮酒0.0091.405(1.088~1.814)0.4351.269(0.698~2.309)
高血压0.2860.870(0.673~1.124)0.8531.057(0.587~1.906)
常量<0.0010.325<0.0010.007
), ArticleFig(id=1241322678695547099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322665680622127, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

研究对象语频和高频听力损失影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素高频听力损失语频听力损失
POR值(95% CIPOR值(95% CI
联合暴露<0.0011.974(1.528~2.550)<0.00113.086(6.279~27.273)
年龄≥40岁<0.0013.924(2.711~5.681)<0.0019.167(4.800~17.505)
工龄(年)
<100.1920.003
10~190.2211.261(0.964~1.650)0.0010.338(0.179~0.640)
≥20<0.0011.409(0.813~2.440)0.0710.463(0.201~1.067)
BMI(kg/m2
正常0.2750.829
超重0.4360.899(0.689~1.174)0.6490.862(0.455~1.633)
肥胖0.3371.190(0.834~1.699)0.8621.077(0.468~2.477)
吸烟0.8540.976(0.754~1.699)0.2441.432(0.783~2.621)
饮酒0.0091.405(1.088~1.814)0.4351.269(0.698~2.309)
高血压0.2860.870(0.673~1.124)0.8531.057(0.587~1.906)
常量<0.0010.325<0.0010.007
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苯系物与噪声联合暴露对男工职业性噪声性听力损失的影响
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樊惠玲 1 , 焦洁 2 , 张磊 2 , 李雨铮 2 , 姚玲莉 1 , 王冰 1 , 郝长付 1 , 姚武 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(2): 233-237
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(2): 233-237
苯系物与噪声联合暴露对男工职业性噪声性听力损失的影响
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樊惠玲1, 焦洁2, 张磊2, 李雨铮2, 姚玲莉1, 王冰1, 郝长付1, 姚武1
作者信息
  • 1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2.河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院),劳动卫生科
  • 樊惠玲(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生

通讯作者:

姚武,E-mail:
Effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers
Hui-ling FAN1, Jie JIAO2, Lei ZHANG2, Yu-zheng LI2, Ling-li YAO1, Bing WANG1, Chang-fu HAO1, Wu YAO1
Affiliations
  • Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309232
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目的

探讨苯系物和噪声联合暴露对工人职业性噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的影响。

方法

选择某客车制造企业1 283名男工为研究对象,根据工作场所噪声与苯系物暴露情况将工人分为两组,噪声暴露组889人,苯系物与噪声联合暴露组394人。对工人分别进行左、右耳500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz、3 000 Hz、4 000 Hz、6 000 Hz 6个频率的纯音气导听阈测试,比较两组的高频及语频听力损失差异,并分析年龄、工龄、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、暴露因素对听力损失的影响。

结果

苯系物与噪声联合暴露组工人高频听力损失和语频听力损失检出率均高于噪声暴露组(P<0.01);随年龄增加,工人听力损失检出率升高(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄≥20年及饮酒是工人高频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄10~20年是研究对象语频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01)。苯系物与噪声联合暴露增加了工人NIHL的风险(OR高频=1.974,OR语频=13.086)。

结论

苯系物与噪声联合暴露可能对NIHL具有协同作用。

苯系物  /  噪声  /  联合暴露  /  职业性听力损失
Objective

To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers.

Methods

This study focused on 1 283 male workers from a bus manufacturing company. A total of 889 workers exposed occupational noise were in the noise exposure group, and 394 workers exposed to both benzene mixture and noise were in the combined exposure group. Pure-tone air conduction threshold tests were conducted on both groups at six frequencies: 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, 3 000 Hz, 4 000 Hz, and 6 000 Hz. Then the differences in high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss between the two groups were compared and the impact of age, work experience, body mass index(BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and exposure factors on hearing loss was analyzed.

Results

The high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than the noise group(P<0.01). As age increased, the detection rate of hearing loss also increased among the workers(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, work experience ≥20 years, and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, and work experience of 10-20 years were the risk factors for speech-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise increased the risk of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) among the workers(OR for high-frequency=1.974, OR for speech-frequency=13.086).

Conclusion

Combined exposure to benzene and noise may have a synergistic effect on NIHL.

Benzene mixture  /  Noise  /  Combined exposure  /  Occupational hearing loss
樊惠玲, 焦洁, 张磊, 李雨铮, 姚玲莉, 王冰, 郝长付, 姚武. 苯系物与噪声联合暴露对男工职业性噪声性听力损失的影响. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 233 -237 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309232
Hui-ling FAN, Jie JIAO, Lei ZHANG, Yu-zheng LI, Ling-li YAO, Bing WANG, Chang-fu HAO, Wu YAO. Effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 233 -237 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309232
随着近代工业发展,噪声已成为世界范围内严重的职业危害,职业性听力损失普遍都与噪声暴露有关[1],但越来越多的研究发现噪声并非导致职业性听力损失的唯一因素,职业接触有机溶剂也会导致听力损失,并且有机溶剂与噪声联合作用可能导致听力损害更加严重[2-3]。苯系物作为一种重要的有机溶剂,在工业中用途广泛,苯、甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、二甲苯等的耳毒性已有报道[4-6]。苯系物与噪声联合暴露在职业环境中较为常见,二者对接触者听觉的影响是否存在联合作用受到关注。有研究表明苯系物与噪声联合暴露可能对工人听力损失具有协同作用,联合暴露者语频和高频听力损失的风险均明显增高[7];但也有调查结果显示苯系物和噪声联合暴露者听力损失与单纯接触噪声者相比无明显差异[8]。在汽车制造行业工作场所中,生产性噪声和苯系物经常同时存在,因此本研究以某客车制造企业工人为研究对象,探究噪声与苯系物共同暴露对工人听力损失的联合效应,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供相关依据和参考资料。
收集某客车制造企业工人在岗期间的职业健康检查资料,选择1 283名男性工人为研究对象,研究对象纳入标准:(1)接触苯系物或噪声的工人在该岗位工龄≥3年;(2)无职业病史。研究对象排除标准:(1)被筛查出噪声作业岗位职业禁忌症;(2)有耳部疾病家族史或使用耳毒性药物史;(3)既往有中耳炎、神经性耳聋、失聪病史。根据工人有害因素的暴露情况进行分组,以889名噪声暴露的工人为噪声暴露组,394名暴露苯系物和噪声的工人为苯系物和噪声联合暴露组(以下简称联合暴露组)。本次研究经河南省第三人民医院医学伦理委员会审查批准(审批号:202301),研究对象均知情同意。
本研究中,体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2,依据《成人体重判定》(WS/T 428-2013)[9]对工人BMI进行分类:(1)肥胖:BMI≥28.0;(2)超重:24.0≤BMI<28.0;(3)体重正常:18.5≤BMI<24.0。
对研究对象吸烟和饮酒的判定标准如下:每天吸烟≥1支,持续吸6个月以上者;反之为不吸烟。饮酒:无论是白酒、啤酒、葡萄酒或者黄酒,每周饮酒≥1次,连续6个月以上者;反之为不饮酒。
依据《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》[10]对血压测量结果进行判定:收缩压(SBP)≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压(DBP)≥90 mmHg判定为高血压。
依据《职业性噪声聋的诊断》(GBZ 49-2014)[11]对纯音气导听阈测量结果进行年龄、性别校正后,判断职业性听力损失情况:以500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz任一耳的纯音气导听阈值大于25dB为语频听力损失;以3 000 Hz、4 000 Hz、6 000 Hz任一耳的纯音气导听阈值大于25dB为高频听力损失。
采用Excel 2019对研究对象职业健康检查资料建立数据库,SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。定量资料经正态性检验后,符合正态分布用表示,不符合正态分布用MP25,P75)表示;定性资料以频数或百分比表示。研究对象基本情况比较,两组间听力损失异常率的比较采用Perason χ2检验。对年龄,工龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、高血压进行分层分析,纳入分层分析中有意义的变量构建多因素logistic回归方程,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
噪声暴露组工人年龄为20~60岁,工龄为3~41年;联合暴露组工人年龄为22~60岁,工龄为3~41年。两组工人年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合暴露组年龄高于噪声暴露组;两组工人工龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组工人高血压构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合暴露组高血压占比高于噪声暴露组。见表1
噪声暴露组和联合暴露组的高频听力损失检出率分别为34.8%、53.6%,联合暴露组明显高于噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组语频听力损失检出率分别为1.0%、14.7%,联合暴露组明显高于噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表2
按不同因素进行分层后,各层联合暴露组工人高频听力损失检出率均高于噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着年龄增长,两组工人的高频听力损失检出率升高。年龄≥40岁两组工人的高频听力损失检出率均超50%,联合暴露组高达84.9%;工龄≥20年两组工人的高频听力损失检出率均超50%,联合暴露组高达87.5%。噪声暴露组按BMI、吸烟、饮酒、高血压患病情况分层,工人高频听力损失检出率均低于40%,联合暴露组按吸烟、高血压患病情况分层,工人高频听力损失检出率均超50%。见表3
按不同因素进行分层后,各层联合暴露组工人语频听力损失检出率均高于噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着年龄增长,两组工人的语频听力损失检出率升高。年龄≥40岁联合暴露组工人的语频听力损失检出率高达39.6%,工龄≥20年联合暴露组工人的语频听力损失检出率高达35.0%。噪声暴露组各因素分层工人的语频听力损失检出率均低于2%。见表3
以年龄、工龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、暴露因素为自变量,以是否检出语频或高频听力损失为因变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,苯系物和噪声联合暴露增加了工人听力损失的风险(OR高频=1.974,OR语频=13.086)。苯系物和噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄≥20年及饮酒是工人高频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01);苯系物和噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄10~19年是工人语频听力损失的危险因素。见表4
噪声引起的永久性听阈位移早期常表现为高频听力下降,听力曲线在3 000~6 000 Hz(多在4 000 Hz)出现“V”型下陷。随着病损程度增加,除了高频听力继续下降外,语频(500 Hz~2 000 Hz)的听力也受到影响,出现语言听力障碍,严重可发展至全聋[12]。本研究中工人的听力损失以高频听力损失为主,总人群高频听力损失检出率达40.53%(520/1 283),语频听力损失检出率为5.22%(67/1 283),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
噪声暴露刺激线粒体消耗大量氧气并产生超氧化物,这些超氧化物继而与其他分子反应,产生更高水平的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)。ROS的增加破坏细胞膜,触发细胞凋亡导致外毛细胞的损伤[13]。动物实验表明,有机溶剂如苯乙烯,通过产生过量的ROS来损伤外毛细胞,从而对耳蜗的听觉功能产生不利影响,最终导致感音神经性听力损失[14]。本研究显示与噪声暴露组相比,联合暴露组工人的语频听力损失和高频听力损失检出率均升高(P<0.01),提示苯系物与噪声联合暴露可能对噪声所致听力损失具有协同作用,这与刘丹[7]及蒲立力[15]等的研究结论一致。而邵国军等[16]的研究认为噪声与苯系物联合对高频听力损失具有协同作用,但语频听力损失组间差异无统计学意义,这可能与不同行业间暴露水平有关。
本研究发现年龄≥40岁是听力损失的危险因素,与有关研究的结果一致[17],可能原因为随着年龄增长,听觉系统功能退化,耳蜗毛细胞和听觉神经纤维在原有部分损坏的基础上抵御噪声的能力更差,听力损失的累积效应更加明显[18]。本研究未发现吸烟对听力损失的影响,与以往研究[19-20]结果不一致,差异可能跟研究人群及样本量大小有关。多因素logistic回归分析显示饮酒是高频听力损失的危害因素,不同研究结果[21-22]不尽相同,可能与饮用酒的种类、饮酒量有关,适度饮酒有助于维持最佳耳蜗血流,对听力有保护作用,然而过量饮酒减少中枢神经系统中兴奋性神经传递,并通过调节GABA受体增强抑制性神经传导,耳蜗毛细胞受到GABA传导神经元的刺激,通过该途径影响内毛细胞的正常功能[23],关于饮酒对噪声和联合暴露所致听力损失的影响有待进一步研究。
综上所述,汽车制造生产过程中,苯系物和噪声可能存在联合作用,增加工人职业性听力损失的风险,本研究研究对象均为男性工人,下一步研究考虑扩大样本量,进一步证实苯系物与噪声联合暴露对职业性听力损失的影响,为制定联合暴露下的职业防护标准提供基础数据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81872574)
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309232
  • 接收时间:2023-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-12
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    1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,河南 郑州 450001
    2.河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院),劳动卫生科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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