Article(id=1241322664753680932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309070, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693843200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883985937, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883985937, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883985937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883985937, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=260, endPage=265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322665097613862, articleId=1241322664753680932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influencing factors and mediating effects of risky sexual behavior among HIV-infected women of childbearing age, Xinjiang, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of condom use frequency and multiple sexual partners(two variables reflecting risky sexual behavior) among HIV-infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang, and to explore the mediating effect of the "discrimination perception-anxiety-risky sexual behavior" path.

Methods

From September 2021 to September 2022, 231 HIV-infected women of childbearing age were selected from designated antiviral treatment institutions in Xinjiang Province by convenient sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among them, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to condom use and multiple sexual partners per sexual act. ROC curve and AUC value were used to evaluate the model effect. AMOS software was used to establish the mediating effect model of the discrimination-anxiety-risky behavior path.

Results

Among the 231 participants, 25.41% were infected with multiple sexual partners, 36.4% used condoms every time they had sex, 47.6% were protected, and 52.4% were mild or vulnerable. Unclear HIV infection status of sexual partners(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088-50.724), high perception of discrimination(OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.052 -1.156) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners, and medication compliance was good(OR=0.338, 95% CI: 0.149-0.763) as a protective factor for multiple sexual partners; HIV positive OR unknown sexual partner(95% CI:0.049-0.499), rural domicile(OR=0.477, 95% CI:0.260-0.877), anxiety(OR=0.973, 95% CI:0.949-0.997) were the relevant factors for condom use; "Discrimination perception" could indirectly affect "risky sexual behavior" through "anxiety", and the indirect effect size of this path was 0.031, accounting for 10.8% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Low frequency of condom use and multiple sexual partners in HIV infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang Province lead to the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors.

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目的

分析新疆育龄期女性艾滋病感染者(HIV)安全套使用和多性伴侣(反映危险性行为的两个变量)的影响因素,探讨“歧视感知-焦虑-危险性行为”路径的中介效应。

方法

于2021年9月—2022年9月,采用方便抽样方法抽取在新疆省定点抗病毒治疗机构就诊的HIV育龄期女性感染者231名,对她们进行问卷调查,采用二元logistic回归分析安全套使用、多性伴侣的影响因素;使用ROC曲线和AUC值评价模型效果;运用AMOS软件建立“歧视感知-焦虑-危险性行为”路径的中介效应模型。

结果

231名研究对象中,多性伴侣的感染者占25.41%,非每次性行为使用安全套的感染者占36.4%,危险性行为分类中,保护型的占47.6%,温和型和脆弱型的占52.4%。性伴侣HIV感染状况不清楚(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088 ~50.724)、歧视感知高(OR=1.103,95% CI: 1.052 ~1.156)是多个性伴侣的危险因素,服药依从性好(OR=0.338,95% CI:0.149~0.763)是多个性伴侣的保护因素;性伴侣HIV感染阳性或者不清楚(95% CI:0.049~0.499)、户籍为农村(OR=0.477,95% CI:0.260~0.877)、焦虑(OR=0.973,95% CI:0.949~0.997)是安全套使用的影响因素 ;“歧视感知”可以通过“焦虑”间接影响“危险性行为”,此路径的间接效应值是0.031,占总效应的10.8%。

结论

新疆省HIV育龄期女性感染者存在安全套使用频率低、多性伴侣的危险性行为问题,焦虑、歧视感知会促使危险性行为的发生。

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冯颖,E-mail:
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陈万峡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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陈万峡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2022, 28(10): 1226-1229., articleTitle=Research progress of AIDS complicated with depression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241341056277598912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, awardId=2022D01A30, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A30), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241341056378262208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, awardId=XJYS1706-2021002, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆艾滋病防控研究重点实验室开放课题(XJYS1706-2021002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241341051571589724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241341051575784029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, companyId=1241341051571589724, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medicial University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241341051584172637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, companyId=1241341051571589724, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241341051676447328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241341051680641633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, companyId=1241341051676447328, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241341053442249373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=logistic regression model ROC curve for condoms and multiple sexual partners, figureFileSmall=DyN9uXjoo4JNYw1Zkxl0/A==, figureFileBig=XqF02AdVxLn6wqZ4L0DsTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241341053517746848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=图1, caption=安全套和多个性伴侣的logistic回归模型ROC曲线

注:A为安全套影响因素logistic回归的ROC曲线图;B为多个性伴侣影响因素logistic回归的ROC曲线图。

, figureFileSmall=DyN9uXjoo4JNYw1Zkxl0/A==, figureFileBig=XqF02AdVxLn6wqZ4L0DsTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241341053610021539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The mediating role of anxiety in the perception of discrimination and risky sexual behavior, figureFileSmall=fpNWp7IyrZaSIUhhENNYgQ==, figureFileBig=SUrh7WpcnrStMbxNOlJIjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241341053698101925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=图2, caption=焦虑在歧视感知和危险性行为中的中介作用

注:**表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=fpNWp7IyrZaSIUhhENNYgQ==, figureFileBig=SUrh7WpcnrStMbxNOlJIjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241341053786182311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of survey respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量性伴侣数量安全套使用频率
1个≥2个χ2/tP每次非每次χ2/tP
年龄[岁,n(%)]9.8350.0203.5200.318
≤3013(61.90)8(38.10)16(76.19)5(23.81)
31~3551(79.69)13(20.31)42(65.62)22(34.38)
≥36110(75.34)36(24.66)89(60.96)57(39.04)
文化程度[n(%)]4.0350.1332.8120.245
初中及以下128(72.32)49(27.68)117(66.10)60(33.90)
高中 /中专35(83.33)7(16.67)22(52.38)20(47.62)
大专及以上11(91.67)1(8.33)8(66.67)4(33.33)
月收入[元,n(%)]19.488<0.0011.4300.659
<1 00073(63.48)42(36.52)73(63.48)42(36.52)
1 000~2 99981(86.17)13(13.83)58(61.70)36(38.30)
≥3 00020(90.91)2(9.09)16(72.73)6(27.27)
居住地[n(%)]7.7470.0057.6230.006
农村76(67.26)37(32.74)82(72.57)31(27.43)
城市98(83.05)20(16.95)65(55.08)53(44.92)
医保类型[n(%)]0.2870.8663.2800.194
城镇职工基本医疗保险/公费医疗27(72.97)10(27.03)27(72.97)10(27.03)
居民医保/新农合135(75.42)44(24.58)113(63.13)66(36.87)
其他12(0.80)3(0.20)7(46.67)8(53.33)
感染途径[n(%)]6.5970.0371.2480.536
性行为125(71.94)49(28.16)112(64.37)62(35.63)
血液3(60.00)2(40.00)2(40.00)3(60.00)
不清楚/其他46(88.46)6(11.54)33(63.46)19(36.54)
感染时间[年,()]10.44±4.939.64±4.621.0960.27410.52±4.839.97±4.830.8290.408
职业[n(%)]1.3550.2441.5370.215
在业57(80.28)14(19.72)41(57.74)30(42.25)
无业117(73.12)43(26.88)106(66.25)54(33.75)
药物使用情况[n(%)]19.702<0.0010.2930.588
差/一般50(58.82)35(41.18)56(65.88)29(34.02)
较好/很好124(84.93)22(15.07)91(62.33)55(37.67)
配偶/性伴侣HIV感染情况[n(%)]8.2980.01631.969<0.001
阳性91(83.49)18(16.51)90(82.57)19(17.43)
阴性73(69.52)32(30.48)49(46.67)56(53.33)
不清楚10(58.82)7(41018)8(47.06)9(52.94)
焦虑得分(分,49.11±9.3349.81±9.79-0.4900.62547.38±8.8352.28±9.60-3.920<0.001
歧视感知得分(分,24.78±7.6033.26±10.73-6.602<0.00126.74±9.9727.19±7.87-0.3540.724
HIV相关担忧得分(分,38.72±11.3743.75±9.23-3.0610.00239.52±11.4240.69±10.48-0.7690.443
抑郁得分(分,8.41±5.018.47±4.80-0.0680.9467.99±5.128.96±4.51-1.4470.149
), ArticleFig(id=1241341053878457002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量性伴侣数量安全套使用频率
1个≥2个χ2/tP每次非每次χ2/tP
年龄[岁,n(%)]9.8350.0203.5200.318
≤3013(61.90)8(38.10)16(76.19)5(23.81)
31~3551(79.69)13(20.31)42(65.62)22(34.38)
≥36110(75.34)36(24.66)89(60.96)57(39.04)
文化程度[n(%)]4.0350.1332.8120.245
初中及以下128(72.32)49(27.68)117(66.10)60(33.90)
高中 /中专35(83.33)7(16.67)22(52.38)20(47.62)
大专及以上11(91.67)1(8.33)8(66.67)4(33.33)
月收入[元,n(%)]19.488<0.0011.4300.659
<1 00073(63.48)42(36.52)73(63.48)42(36.52)
1 000~2 99981(86.17)13(13.83)58(61.70)36(38.30)
≥3 00020(90.91)2(9.09)16(72.73)6(27.27)
居住地[n(%)]7.7470.0057.6230.006
农村76(67.26)37(32.74)82(72.57)31(27.43)
城市98(83.05)20(16.95)65(55.08)53(44.92)
医保类型[n(%)]0.2870.8663.2800.194
城镇职工基本医疗保险/公费医疗27(72.97)10(27.03)27(72.97)10(27.03)
居民医保/新农合135(75.42)44(24.58)113(63.13)66(36.87)
其他12(0.80)3(0.20)7(46.67)8(53.33)
感染途径[n(%)]6.5970.0371.2480.536
性行为125(71.94)49(28.16)112(64.37)62(35.63)
血液3(60.00)2(40.00)2(40.00)3(60.00)
不清楚/其他46(88.46)6(11.54)33(63.46)19(36.54)
感染时间[年,()]10.44±4.939.64±4.621.0960.27410.52±4.839.97±4.830.8290.408
职业[n(%)]1.3550.2441.5370.215
在业57(80.28)14(19.72)41(57.74)30(42.25)
无业117(73.12)43(26.88)106(66.25)54(33.75)
药物使用情况[n(%)]19.702<0.0010.2930.588
差/一般50(58.82)35(41.18)56(65.88)29(34.02)
较好/很好124(84.93)22(15.07)91(62.33)55(37.67)
配偶/性伴侣HIV感染情况[n(%)]8.2980.01631.969<0.001
阳性91(83.49)18(16.51)90(82.57)19(17.43)
阴性73(69.52)32(30.48)49(46.67)56(53.33)
不清楚10(58.82)7(41018)8(47.06)9(52.94)
焦虑得分(分,49.11±9.3349.81±9.79-0.4900.62547.38±8.8352.28±9.60-3.920<0.001
歧视感知得分(分,24.78±7.6033.26±10.73-6.602<0.00126.74±9.9727.19±7.87-0.3540.724
HIV相关担忧得分(分,38.72±11.3743.75±9.23-3.0610.00239.52±11.4240.69±10.48-0.7690.443
抑郁得分(分,8.41±5.018.47±4.80-0.0680.9467.99±5.128.96±4.51-1.4470.149
), ArticleFig(id=1241341053974925997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
年龄(岁)≤30=0,31~35=1,≥36=2
月收入(元)<1 000=0,1 000~2 999=1,≥3 000=2
户籍类型农村=0,城镇=1
感染途径性传播=0,血液传播=2,其他=3
性伴侣HIV感染情况阴性=0,阳性=1,不清楚感染状况=2
药物服用情况较差=0,较好=1
是否每次性行为使用安全套不坚持每次使用=0,坚持每次使用=1
多性伴侣状况仅一个=0,≥2个=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241341054058812078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
年龄(岁)≤30=0,31~35=1,≥36=2
月收入(元)<1 000=0,1 000~2 999=1,≥3 000=2
户籍类型农村=0,城镇=1
感染途径性传播=0,血液传播=2,其他=3
性伴侣HIV感染情况阴性=0,阳性=1,不清楚感染状况=2
药物服用情况较差=0,较好=1
是否每次性行为使用安全套不坚持每次使用=0,坚持每次使用=1
多性伴侣状况仅一个=0,≥2个=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241341054146892465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple partner influencing factors logistic regression analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR(95% CI)
年龄(岁) (以≤30为参照)2.7950.247
31~35-1.12- 0.762.2070.1370.325( 0.074 ~ 1.431)
≥36-0.520.710.5470.4600.593 (0.149~ 2.369 )
月收入(元)(以<1 000为参照)4.2160.121
1 000~2999-0.880.434.1550.0520.413 (0.176 ~1.067 )
≥3 000-0.660.860.5810.4460.519 (0.096 ~2.799 )
户籍类型(以村为参照)-0.290.410.4840.4860.751 (0.336~ 1.681)
感染途径(以性传播为参照)1.4040.496
吸毒0.411.200.1200.7291.512 (0.145~15.750)
其他-0.610.561.1830.2770.545 (0.182 ~ 1.628 )
性伴侣HIV感染情况(以阴性为参照)12.9070.002
阳性0.780.443.1840.0742.183 (0.926~5.145 )
不清楚2.530.7112.525<0.00112.515( 3.088~ 50.724 )
药物服用情况(以较差为参照)-1.090.426.8070.0090.338 (0.149 ~ 0.763 )
HIV相关担忧0.030.022.8680.0901.035 (0.995~1.076 )
歧视感知0.100.0216.374<0.0011.103 (1.052~1.156 )
), ArticleFig(id=1241341054230778547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多伴侣影响因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR(95% CI)
年龄(岁) (以≤30为参照)2.7950.247
31~35-1.12- 0.762.2070.1370.325( 0.074 ~ 1.431)
≥36-0.520.710.5470.4600.593 (0.149~ 2.369 )
月收入(元)(以<1 000为参照)4.2160.121
1 000~2999-0.880.434.1550.0520.413 (0.176 ~1.067 )
≥3 000-0.660.860.5810.4460.519 (0.096 ~2.799 )
户籍类型(以村为参照)-0.290.410.4840.4860.751 (0.336~ 1.681)
感染途径(以性传播为参照)1.4040.496
吸毒0.411.200.1200.7291.512 (0.145~15.750)
其他-0.610.561.1830.2770.545 (0.182 ~ 1.628 )
性伴侣HIV感染情况(以阴性为参照)12.9070.002
阳性0.780.443.1840.0742.183 (0.926~5.145 )
不清楚2.530.7112.525<0.00112.515( 3.088~ 50.724 )
药物服用情况(以较差为参照)-1.090.426.8070.0090.338 (0.149 ~ 0.763 )
HIV相关担忧0.030.022.8680.0901.035 (0.995~1.076 )
歧视感知0.100.0216.374<0.0011.103 (1.052~1.156 )
), ArticleFig(id=1241341054327247542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of condom use

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR(95% CI)
性伴侣HIV感染情况(以阴性为参照)29.254<0.001
阳性-1.740.3327.421<0.0010.176(0.092~0.337)
不清楚-1.850.599.8650.0020.157(0.049~0.499)
户籍类型(以农村为参照)-0.740.315.6740.0170.477(0.260~0.877)
焦虑-0.030.014.8180.0280.973(0.949~0.997)
), ArticleFig(id=1241341055841391289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

安全套使用影响因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR(95% CI)
性伴侣HIV感染情况(以阴性为参照)29.254<0.001
阳性-1.740.3327.421<0.0010.176(0.092~0.337)
不清楚-1.850.599.8650.0020.157(0.049~0.499)
户籍类型(以农村为参照)-0.740.315.6740.0170.477(0.260~0.877)
焦虑-0.030.014.8180.0280.973(0.949~0.997)
), ArticleFig(id=1241341055967220408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Path coefficient decomposition results of the path model

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项目效应值(95% CIP
直接效应0.254(0.247~0.261)0.021
间接效应0.031(0.023~0.039)0.014
总效应0.285(0.277~0.293)0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241341056072078011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322664753680932, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

路径模型的路径系数分解结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目效应值(95% CIP
直接效应0.254(0.247~0.261)0.021
间接效应0.031(0.023~0.039)0.014
总效应0.285(0.277~0.293)0.010
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新疆育龄期女性HIV感染者危险性行为的影响因素和中介效应分析
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陈万峡 1 , 郑银霞 2 , 冯颖 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(2): 260-265
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(2): 260-265
新疆育龄期女性HIV感染者危险性行为的影响因素和中介效应分析
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陈万峡1, 郑银霞2, 冯颖2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2.乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院
  • 陈万峡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

冯颖,E-mail:
Influencing factors and mediating effects of risky sexual behavior among HIV-infected women of childbearing age, Xinjiang
Wan-xia CHEN1, Yin-xia ZHENG2, Ying FENG2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medicial University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309070
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目的

分析新疆育龄期女性艾滋病感染者(HIV)安全套使用和多性伴侣(反映危险性行为的两个变量)的影响因素,探讨“歧视感知-焦虑-危险性行为”路径的中介效应。

方法

于2021年9月—2022年9月,采用方便抽样方法抽取在新疆省定点抗病毒治疗机构就诊的HIV育龄期女性感染者231名,对她们进行问卷调查,采用二元logistic回归分析安全套使用、多性伴侣的影响因素;使用ROC曲线和AUC值评价模型效果;运用AMOS软件建立“歧视感知-焦虑-危险性行为”路径的中介效应模型。

结果

231名研究对象中,多性伴侣的感染者占25.41%,非每次性行为使用安全套的感染者占36.4%,危险性行为分类中,保护型的占47.6%,温和型和脆弱型的占52.4%。性伴侣HIV感染状况不清楚(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088 ~50.724)、歧视感知高(OR=1.103,95% CI: 1.052 ~1.156)是多个性伴侣的危险因素,服药依从性好(OR=0.338,95% CI:0.149~0.763)是多个性伴侣的保护因素;性伴侣HIV感染阳性或者不清楚(95% CI:0.049~0.499)、户籍为农村(OR=0.477,95% CI:0.260~0.877)、焦虑(OR=0.973,95% CI:0.949~0.997)是安全套使用的影响因素 ;“歧视感知”可以通过“焦虑”间接影响“危险性行为”,此路径的间接效应值是0.031,占总效应的10.8%。

结论

新疆省HIV育龄期女性感染者存在安全套使用频率低、多性伴侣的危险性行为问题,焦虑、歧视感知会促使危险性行为的发生。

HIV  /  危险性行为  /  心理因素  /  影响因素  /  中介效应
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of condom use frequency and multiple sexual partners(two variables reflecting risky sexual behavior) among HIV-infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang, and to explore the mediating effect of the "discrimination perception-anxiety-risky sexual behavior" path.

Methods

From September 2021 to September 2022, 231 HIV-infected women of childbearing age were selected from designated antiviral treatment institutions in Xinjiang Province by convenient sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among them, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to condom use and multiple sexual partners per sexual act. ROC curve and AUC value were used to evaluate the model effect. AMOS software was used to establish the mediating effect model of the discrimination-anxiety-risky behavior path.

Results

Among the 231 participants, 25.41% were infected with multiple sexual partners, 36.4% used condoms every time they had sex, 47.6% were protected, and 52.4% were mild or vulnerable. Unclear HIV infection status of sexual partners(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088-50.724), high perception of discrimination(OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.052 -1.156) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners, and medication compliance was good(OR=0.338, 95% CI: 0.149-0.763) as a protective factor for multiple sexual partners; HIV positive OR unknown sexual partner(95% CI:0.049-0.499), rural domicile(OR=0.477, 95% CI:0.260-0.877), anxiety(OR=0.973, 95% CI:0.949-0.997) were the relevant factors for condom use; "Discrimination perception" could indirectly affect "risky sexual behavior" through "anxiety", and the indirect effect size of this path was 0.031, accounting for 10.8% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Low frequency of condom use and multiple sexual partners in HIV infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang Province lead to the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors.

HIV  /  Risky sex  /  Psychological factors  /  Influencing factors  /  Mediating effect
陈万峡, 郑银霞, 冯颖. 新疆育龄期女性HIV感染者危险性行为的影响因素和中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 260 -265 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309070
Wan-xia CHEN, Yin-xia ZHENG, Ying FENG. Influencing factors and mediating effects of risky sexual behavior among HIV-infected women of childbearing age, Xinjiang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 260 -265 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309070
获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS),是由于感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)引起的一种传染性疾病。2022 年底,全国报告现存活 HIV/AIDS 患者 122.3 万例,其中HIV 感染者 68.9万例,AIDS患者 53.4万例。2022年新报告 HIV/ AIDS患者 10.7万例,男女性别比为 3.6∶1[1]。艾滋病主要传播方式由20世纪的吸毒针具传播转变为现在的性传播,性传播的比例高达95%以上[2]。危险性行为是性传播的主要途径,主要包括商业性行为、男男性行为、多性伴侣、非每次性行为使用安全套[3-5]。据研究表明感染者的性行为状态与HIV传播感染风险有关[6]。育龄期HIV女性感染者的性行为状态直接影响其性伴侣的感染风险[7]
HIV育龄期感染者由于怀孕、担忧子女健康和被他人歧视等,比其他HIV感染人群更容易产生心理疾病,心理疾病不仅会损害身心健康还会引发各种危险行为,其中可能包括危险性行为[8-10]。目前对于HIV育龄期女性感染者性行为状态的调查、心理因素与危险性行为的相关性研究比较缺乏。
本研究以231名新疆HIV育龄期女性感染者为研究对象,通过自填问卷方式调查研究对象的基本信息、性伴侣的HIV感染状况、安全套使用情况、心理变量等信息,分析危险性行为的影响因素、探讨焦虑在“歧视感知→焦虑→危险性行为”路径中是否具有中介作用。
2021年9月— 2022年9月,采用方便抽样方法调查新疆维吾尔自治区定点抗病毒治疗机构就诊的18~49岁的女性,选取了231名HIV育龄期女性为研究对象。研究对象招募由各个医疗单位项目负责人宣传,招募志愿者参与本研究。调查员应充分告知研究的真实情况,研究对象在参与调查研究前,均需签署签署知情同意书。调查对象的纳入标准为:(1)经当地疾病预防控制中心确诊的HIV病毒育龄期女性感染者;(2)接受抗病毒治疗;(3)有性行为者;(4)精神状况正常,能够正常阅读、理解并回答问题;(5)同意配合调查。排除标准为:(1)患有精神疾病或智力欠缺;(2)无法配合完成调查者。本研究经过乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院伦理委员会(XJFYLL2021033)同意,研究对象均签署知情同意书。
为调查对象发放问卷,研究对象自行匿名填写,调查问卷的内容主要包括:(1)研究对象基本情况资料:出生日期、户籍类型、文化程度、婚姻状况、就业状况、平均月收入、医疗保险类型等。(2)HIV相关特征:确诊HIV感染的时间、感染途径、最近6个月安全套使用频率、性伴侣数量、性伴侣HIV感染状况等。(3)歧视感知:歧视感知采用12-items Short HIV Stigma scale量表进行评估,该量表共12个条目,4个维度,采用Likert 4计分法,得分越高歧视感知越严重[11]。Cronbach α为0.79,由于文献报道没有一致的评判标准,研究釆用均值法将≤26.9分者定义为低歧视感知。(4)HIV相关担忧:HIV担忧量表采用14条目HIV-Related Worry Scale进行测量[12]。共14个条目,总分52分,得分越高HIV相关担忧越强。Cronbach α为0.83,由于文献报道没有一致的评判标准,研究釆用均值法将≤39.9分者定义为低担忧。(5)焦虑:焦虑采用焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)。该量表共有20个条目,每个条目采用Likert 4计分法,Cronbach α为0.89,<50分视为无焦虑症,总分标准分≥50分视为有焦虑症[13]。(6)抑郁:抑郁采用10条目流调中心用抑郁量表(the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,CES-D10)[14]。该量表得分范围为0~30分,Cronbach α为0.87。
本研究中危险性行为是安全套使用频率和性伴侣数目的综合概念。根据性伴侣数目和安全套的使用频率两变量的计分总和,将危险性行为分为“保护型”、“温和型”和“脆弱型”。具体分类方法如下:性伴侣数目为1计为0,两个及其以上计为1;每次都使用安全套的计为0,非每次使用安全套计为1;将以上两变量值相加,总和0、1、2分别代表“保护型”、“温和型”和“脆弱型”,数值越大性行为越危险[6]
数据分析采用SPSS 26.0软件,分类变量用频数和百分比描述,正态分布的计量资料以表示。单因素分析采用χ2t检验,不满足条件时使用fisher和Wilcoxon秩和检验,。将单变量检验有统计学意义的变量纳入二元logistic回归模型;ROC曲线和AUC值评价模型效果。使用Spearman相关分析歧视感知、焦虑和危险性行为的相关性,用AMOS 23.0建立以“歧视感知-焦虑-危险性行为”为路径的中介效应模型。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
本次共调查231名新疆地区HIV育龄期女性感染者,平均年龄(36.7±7.5)岁,初中及其以下文化程度占76.6%,3 000元及其以下的占90.5%,职业以无业为主,占69.3%,居住地城市略高于农村,占51.1%,性传播途径感染的占75.3%,平均HIV感染时长为10年,医保类型以居民医保/新农合为主,占比77.5%。
在231名女性感染者中,105名来自双阳家庭(伴侣双方均为HIV感染者),109名来自单阳家庭(夫妻仅一方为HIV感染者),17名女性对于性伴侣的HIV感染情况不详;170名女性仅一个性伴侣,61名女性有两个及其以上性伴侣;最近6个月发生性行为是每次使用安全套的感染者更多,占63.6%;危险性行为类型中,保护型占47.6%,温和型占27.7%,脆弱型占24.7%(见表1)。
本研究共4个心理变量,即焦虑、抑郁、HIV相关担忧、歧视感知。焦虑的得分范围为28.75~81.25分,平均数为(49.17±9.40)分,可能有焦虑的人数占39.8%;抑郁的得分范围为0~28分,平均数为(8.35±4.92)分,可能有抑郁的人数占36.4%;HIV相关担忧的得分范围为14 ~54分,平均数为(39.90±11.10)分;歧视感知的得分范围为12 ~48分,平均数为(26.90±9.30)分。具体见表1
单因素分析表明:性伴侣数量在年龄、月收入、感染途径、户籍类型、性伴侣HIV感染状态、药物服用情况、HIV相关担忧、歧视感知上差异具有统计学意义。安全套使用情况在户籍、性伴侣HIV感染状态、焦虑者上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),具体见表1
将上述单因素分析中具有统计学意义的变量作为自变量(各变量具体赋值情况见表2),是否存在多性伴侣作为因变量,纳入二分类logistic回归模型(见表3)。结果显示,性伴侣HIV感染状况不清楚、歧视感知高、是多个性伴侣的危险因素,服药依从性好是多个性伴侣的保护因素。
将上述单因素分析具有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,最近6个月是否每次性行为使用安全套作为因变量,纳入二分类logistic回归模型(见表4),结果显示性伴侣HIV感染情况、抗病毒药物服用情况、歧视感知是影响HIV女性感染者是否多个性伴侣的影响因素。
由于logistic回归模型得到的模型拟合度评价指标R2不具有参考性,本研究使用ROC曲线和曲线下面积AUC值和评价多性伴侣、安全套使用情况的logistic回归模型。两模型ROC曲线见图1,安全套使用情况logistic回归模型AUC值为0.767,多性伴侣logistic回归模型AUC值为0.839,均大于0.750,代表模型效果良好。
通过Spearman相关分析对歧视感知、焦虑和危险性行为进行相关性分析,歧视感知与焦虑、危险性行为呈正相关(r=0.199、r=0.308 ;P<0.001),焦虑与危险性行为呈正相关(r=0.170,P<0.001)。中介效应模型结果显示,该模型中各路径系数都达到显著水平,歧视感知→焦虑的路径系数为0.185,焦虑→危险性行为的路径系数为0.166,歧视感知→危险性行为的路径系数为0.254。在“歧视感知→焦虑→危险性行为”路径中,焦虑起部分中介作用(如图2所示),“歧视感知”通过“焦虑”间接影响“危险性行为”,此路径的间接效果值是0.031,占总效应的10.8%(见表5)。
231名研究对象中,170名女性仅一个性伴侣,61名女性有两个及其以上性伴侣。多个性伴侣的logistic回归结果显示,性伴侣HIV感染状态不清楚感染人群较性伴侣阴性感染人群更可能有多个性伴侣,可能是性伴侣阴性感染人群更关注性伴侣健康状况,更加熟悉HIV相关知识,担心多个性伴侣会造成伴侣HIV感染[7];抗病毒药物服用情况越好多个性伴侣的可能性越小,可能因为抗病毒药物服用情况越好的人群越注重自己的健康问题,会约束自己的行为,害怕多个性伴侣会引起HIV的传播。歧视感知得分越高的人群多个性伴侣的可能性越高,该研究结果与Udell一致,歧视感知等心理问题的女性常伴随着低自尊和孤立感,缺乏发展健康人际关系的能力,追求多个性伴侣的亲密关系,以改善孤独感[15]
阴性性伴侣存在极高的性感染风险,应该定期对阴性和不清楚感染状况的性伴侣进行HIV咨询检测,提倡发展健康的人际关系,减少HIV性传播。
本研究表明最近6个月每次性行为都使用安全套的感染者占63.6%。性伴侣HIV感染情况、户籍类型、焦虑是安全套使用情况的影响因素。性伴侣HIV感染状态为阴性的人群每次带安全套的比例更高,阳性和感染状况不清楚者每次带安全套的比例更低,该情况与蔡月仙等人研究结果一致[16],首先阳性性伴侣不需要担心性行为时造成HIV病毒传播,不清楚感染状况的人群可能不太关注自己的健康状态或者对于不了解HIV相关知识,其次可能是因为他们没有使用安全套的习惯造成以前本是阴性状态转变为了阳性状态,应该加强对于HIV阴性和不知感染情况的性伴侣的管理,传播正确的艾滋病预防知识,让他们每次安全套对于防治性传播的重要性,建议他们定时检查HIV感染情况,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。户籍为城市的人群每次带安全套的比例没有户籍为乡村的高,可能是乡村人口较少更易进行宣传计划生育和安全套使用的相关知识,何丹等人的研究表明城镇安全套使用自我效能更高,安全套使用自我效能越高能促进安全套使用的有效性[17]。越焦虑每次性行为使用安全套的比例越低,与余彬等的研究一致,HIV感染者持续较差的心理状态时可能会选择不使用安全套的性行为释放压力[18]
本研究的性行为分类中,保护型的占47.6%,温和型和脆弱型的占52.4%,危险性行为占比较高。在“歧视感知→焦虑→危险性行为”路径中,焦虑起部分中介作用,“歧视感知”通过“焦虑”间接影响“危险性行为”。心理状态与危险性行为之间具有相关性,焦虑、歧视感知越高越容易产生危险性行为。女性有来自自身和孩子健康状况、对孩子的成长环境、对家庭稳定性、经济压力、社会歧视、亲人疏远的担忧,更容易产生高歧视感知和高焦虑的状况[19-20]。目前,我国焦虑、抑郁筛查没有普及,很多HIV感染者没有进行心理状况检查,即使筛查出焦虑、抑郁,由于专业心理从业人员缺乏,治疗价格昂贵,后期治疗也很难完成[9,21]。应该加强对HIV患者焦虑、抑郁的筛查,对于焦虑、抑郁患者进行及时的治疗,重视心理问题的干预,缓解她们的实际困扰[22]。加强对HIV/AIDS人群的药物治疗、社会支持、家庭支持和心理支持,降低歧视感知,从而减少焦虑和危险性行为,降低HIV的性传播率,遏制HIV经性传播途径蔓延[23]
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A30)
  • 新疆艾滋病防控研究重点实验室开放课题(XJYS1706-2021002)
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309070
  • 接收时间:2023-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A30)
新疆艾滋病防控研究重点实验室开放课题(XJYS1706-2021002)
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    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    2.乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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