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Article(id=1241322662534902664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308482, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693238400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883985408, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883985408, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883985408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883985408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241322661654098823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883985198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773890256678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241348966214849503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241322661654098823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=273, endPage=278, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241322664002909065, articleId=1241322662534902664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between community health management adherence and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between adherence to community-based health management and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Methods

The study encompassed 2 171 T2DM patients engaged in community health management in Huai’an District, Jiangsu Province. Adherence across five domains—medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, and hospital medical check-ups—was evaluated using the Diabetes Regimen Adherence Questionnaire. Adherence was classified as good or poor based on median scores, while glycemic control was defined by HbA1c levels below 7.0%. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between health management adherence and glycemic control.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for achieving glycemic control among patients with good adherence in medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, hospital medical check-ups, and overall adherence were 1.402(95% CI:1.173-1.677), 1.231(95% CI:1.030-1.471), 0.985(95% CI:0.821-1.183), 0.968(95% CI:0.806-1.162), 1.107(95% CI:0.924-1.326) and1.050(95% CI:0.880-1.252), respectively, compared to those with poor adherence. In a subsequent analysis excluding patients with concurrent hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and tumors, the OR were 1.987(95% CI:1.321-2.990) for medication, 1.606(95% CI:1.077-2.397) for diet, 1.282(95% CI:0.867-1.895) for exercise, 1.378(95% CI:0.910-2.085) for self-monitoring, 1.663(95% CI:1.126-2.456) for hospital medical check-ups, and 1.593(95% CI:1.077-2.354) for overall adherence.

Conclusion

Improved adherence to community health management significantly enhances glycemic control in T2DM patients, with substantial improvements observed through meticulous adherence to medication and dietary guidelines.

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目的

探究社区2型糖尿病患者健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标的关系。

方法

以淮安区2 171例纳入社区健康管理的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用《糖尿病治疗依从性问卷》综合评估药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测及定期复查等维度依从性，并以得分的中位数作为依从性好\差的分界点；将HbAlc<7.0%定义为血糖控制达标；采用logistic回归评估依从性与血糖控制达标关系。

结果

调整混杂因素后，相对于依从性差组，具有良好药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、复查及总体依从性组的血糖控制达标OR分别为1.402(95% CI:1.173~1.677)、1.231(95% CI:1.030~1.471)、0.985(95% CI:0.821~1.183)、0.968(95% CI:0.806~1.162)、1.107(95% CI:0.924~1.326)和1.050(95% CI:0.880~1.252)。进一步剔除合并高血压、冠心病、脑卒中及肿瘤的患者后显示，相对于依从性差组，具有良好药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、复查及总体依从性组的血糖控制达标OR分别为1.987(95% CI:1.321~2.990)、1.606(95% CI:1.077~2.397)、1.282(95% CI:0.867~1.895)、1.378(95% CI:0.910~2.085)、1.663(95% CI:1.126~2.456)和1.593(95% CI:1.077~2.354)。

结论

提高社区2型糖尿病健康管理依从性有助于改善患者血糖控制达标率，其中坚持药物治疗及饮食控制的血糖控制效果明显。

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李殿江，E-mail：；
潘恩春，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5yWcQ2eXhfD4RlPZVBnXGw==, magXml=kL+G7ePOtkJfH5BY1Vs3pw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=98Xn6h++Ny35gssvS1tD9g==, pdfFileSize=580884, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HW8ueB0VFo0bbEGdCAfB9g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李殿江（1982—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：慢性病流行病学与卫生政策

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Effect of National basic public health service utilization on regular medication behavior and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2022, 33(4): 1-7., articleTitle=Effect of National basic public health service utilization on regular medication behavior and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241348812351008808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, awardId=71974101, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(71974101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241348812451672105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, awardId=HAWJ201924, language=CN, fundingSource=淮安市卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201924), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241348807376565221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241348807384953830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, companyId=1241348807376565221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241348807397536743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, companyId=1241348807376565221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 南京 211166)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241348807464645608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241348807473034217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, companyId=1241348807464645608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.淮安市疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241348807531754474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241348807552725995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, companyId=1241348807531754474, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江苏省疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241348811830915106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of T2DM Patients by Adherence to Health Management [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征样本量(%)总体依从性状况Z/χ2值P值
差(%)好(%)
年龄（岁）a-69(64,74)69(64,73)1.6450.100
性别16.879<0.001
男792(36.48)337(32.10)455(40.59)
女1 379(63.52)713(67.90)666(59.41)
文化程度14.553<0.001
小学及以下1 651(76.05)834(79.43)817(72.88)
初中366(16.86)159(15.14)207(18.47)
高中级以上154(7.09)57(5.43)97(8.65)
婚姻0.4690.494
已婚或同居1 803(83.05)878(83.62)925(82.52)
单身368(16.95)172(16.38)196(17.48)
家庭人口数（人）3.0960.213
1250(11.52)131(12.48)119(10.62)
2~31 198(55.18)585(55.71)613(54.68)
≥4723(33.3)334(31.81)389(34.70)
家庭年收入（万元）17.588<0.001
<1584(26.90)313(29.81)271(24.17)
1~5882(40.63)439(41.81)443(39.52)
>5705(32.47)298(28.38)407(36.31)
体质指数0.7340.693
正常836(38.51)414(39.43)422(37.64)
超重906(41.73)431(41.05)475(42.37)
肥胖429(19.76)205(19.52)224(19.98)
并发症0.6940.405
有268(12.34)914(87.05)989(88.22)
无1 903(87.66)136(12.95)132(11.78)
高血压0.4050.525
有1 593(73.38)777(74.00)816(72.79)
无578(26.62)273(26.00)305(27.21)
冠心病史0.0480.827
有239(11.01)114(10.86)125(11.15)
无1 932(88.99)936(89.14)996(88.85)
脑卒中史0.2430.622
有550(25.33)271(25.81)279(24.89)
无1 621(74.67)779(74.19)842(75.11)
肿瘤史0.0480.827
有68(3.13)32(3.05)36(3.21)
无2 103(96.87)1 018(96.95)1 085(96.79)
), ArticleFig(id=1241348811902218275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同健康管理依从性状况T2DM患者的基本特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征样本量(%)总体依从性状况Z/χ2值P值
差(%)好(%)
年龄（岁）a-69(64,74)69(64,73)1.6450.100
性别16.879<0.001
男792(36.48)337(32.10)455(40.59)
女1 379(63.52)713(67.90)666(59.41)
文化程度14.553<0.001
小学及以下1 651(76.05)834(79.43)817(72.88)
初中366(16.86)159(15.14)207(18.47)
高中级以上154(7.09)57(5.43)97(8.65)
婚姻0.4690.494
已婚或同居1 803(83.05)878(83.62)925(82.52)
单身368(16.95)172(16.38)196(17.48)
家庭人口数（人）3.0960.213
1250(11.52)131(12.48)119(10.62)
2~31 198(55.18)585(55.71)613(54.68)
≥4723(33.3)334(31.81)389(34.70)
家庭年收入（万元）17.588<0.001
<1584(26.90)313(29.81)271(24.17)
1~5882(40.63)439(41.81)443(39.52)
>5705(32.47)298(28.38)407(36.31)
体质指数0.7340.693
正常836(38.51)414(39.43)422(37.64)
超重906(41.73)431(41.05)475(42.37)
肥胖429(19.76)205(19.52)224(19.98)
并发症0.6940.405
有268(12.34)914(87.05)989(88.22)
无1 903(87.66)136(12.95)132(11.78)
高血压0.4050.525
有1 593(73.38)777(74.00)816(72.79)
无578(26.62)273(26.00)305(27.21)
冠心病史0.0480.827
有239(11.01)114(10.86)125(11.15)
无1 932(88.99)936(89.14)996(88.85)
脑卒中史0.2430.622
有550(25.33)271(25.81)279(24.89)
无1 621(74.67)779(74.19)842(75.11)
肿瘤史0.0480.827
有68(3.13)32(3.05)36(3.21)
无2 103(96.87)1 018(96.95)1 085(96.79)
), ArticleFig(id=1241348811977715748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic Regression Analysis of the Association Between Community Health Management Adherence and Glycemic Control in Patients with T2DM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康管理依从性样本量达标率
(%)		模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
总体依从性
差　(<52分)1 05038.381(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(52~60分)1 12139.071.030(0.866~1.224)0.7411.038(0.872~1.236)0.6721.050(0.880~1.252)0.587
药物治疗依从性
差(<12分)95534.241(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(12分)1 21642.271.406(1.180~1.676)<0.0011.373(1.151~1.638)<0.0011.402(1.173~1.677)<0.001
饮食依从性
差(<12分)91735.771(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(12分)1 25440.911.243(1.043~1.482)0.0151.236(1.036~1.475)0.0191.231(1.030~1.471)0.022
运动依从性
差(<9分)78538.731(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(9~12分)1 38638.741.001(0.836~1.198)0.9931.006(0.840~1.206)0.9440.985(0.821~1.183)0.872
自我监测依从性
差(<9分)76739.631(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(9~12分)1 40438.250.943(0.788~1.130)0.5250.952(0.794~1.141)0.5940.968(0.806~1.162)0.729
复查依从性
差(<11分)82337.421(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(11~12分)1 34839.541.094(0.915~1.307)0.3261.100(0.920~1.316)0.2971.107(0.924~1.326)0.271
), ArticleFig(id=1241348812053213221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社区T2DM健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系的logistic 回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康管理依从性样本量达标率
(%)		模型1模型2模型3
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
总体依从性
差　(<52分)1 05038.381(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(52~60分)1 12139.071.030(0.866~1.224)0.7411.038(0.872~1.236)0.6721.050(0.880~1.252)0.587
药物治疗依从性
差(<12分)95534.241(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(12分)1 21642.271.406(1.180~1.676)<0.0011.373(1.151~1.638)<0.0011.402(1.173~1.677)<0.001
饮食依从性
差(<12分)91735.771(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(12分)1 25440.911.243(1.043~1.482)0.0151.236(1.036~1.475)0.0191.231(1.030~1.471)0.022
运动依从性
差(<9分)78538.731(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(9~12分)1 38638.741.001(0.836~1.198)0.9931.006(0.840~1.206)0.9440.985(0.821~1.183)0.872
自我监测依从性
差(<9分)76739.631(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(9~12分)1 40438.250.943(0.788~1.130)0.5250.952(0.794~1.141)0.5940.968(0.806~1.162)0.729
复查依从性
差(<11分)82337.421(参考组)1(参考组)1(参考组)
好(11~12分)1 34839.541.094(0.915~1.307)0.3261.100(0.920~1.316)0.2971.107(0.924~1.326)0.271
), ArticleFig(id=1241348812132904998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Stratification Analysis of the Association Between Community Health Management Adherence and Glycemic Control in Patients with T2DM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康管理依从性无合并症患者有合并症患者
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
总体依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.593(1.077~2.354)0.0300.943(0.773~1.150)0.563
药物治疗依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.987(1.321~2.990)0.0011.262(1.034~1.541)0.022
饮食依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.606(1.077~2.397)0.0201.148(0.940~1.402)0.176
运动依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.282(0.867~1.895)0.2140.946(0.771~1.162)0.598
自我监测依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.378(0.910~2.085)0.1300.893(0.727~1.097)0.281
复查依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.663(1.126~2.456)0.0111.033(0.843~1.266)0.752
), ArticleFig(id=1241348812200013863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241322662534902664, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

社区T2DM健康管理患者依从性与血糖控制达标关系的分层分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康管理依从性无合并症患者有合并症患者
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
总体依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.593(1.077~2.354)0.0300.943(0.773~1.150)0.563
药物治疗依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.987(1.321~2.990)0.0011.262(1.034~1.541)0.022
饮食依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.606(1.077~2.397)0.0201.148(0.940~1.402)0.176
运动依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.282(0.867~1.895)0.2140.946(0.771~1.162)0.598
自我监测依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.378(0.910~2.085)0.1300.893(0.727~1.097)0.281
复查依从性
差1(参考组)1(参考组)
好1.663(1.126~2.456)0.0111.033(0.843~1.266)0.752
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社区2型糖尿病患者健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系研究
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李殿江 1 , 潘恩春 2 , 孙中明 2 , 文进博 2 , 武鸣 3 , 樊宏 1 , 苏健 2 , 周金意 2 , 沈冲 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(2): 273-278
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(2): 273-278
社区2型糖尿病患者健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系研究
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李殿江1 , 潘恩春2 , 孙中明2, 文进博2, 武鸣3, 樊宏1, 苏健2, 周金意2, 沈冲1
作者信息
  • 1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 南京 211166
  • 2.淮安市疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.江苏省疾病预防控制中心

    • 李殿江（1982—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：慢性病流行病学与卫生政策

通讯作者:

李殿江，E-mail：；
潘恩春，E-mail：
Associations between community health management adherence and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Dian-jiang LI1 , En-chun PAN2 , Zhong-ming SUN2, Jin-bo WEN2, Ming WU3, Hong FAN1, Jian SU2, Jin-yi ZHOU2, Chong SHEN1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308482
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摘要
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目的

探究社区2型糖尿病患者健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标的关系。

方法

以淮安区2 171例纳入社区健康管理的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用《糖尿病治疗依从性问卷》综合评估药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测及定期复查等维度依从性，并以得分的中位数作为依从性好\差的分界点；将HbAlc<7.0%定义为血糖控制达标；采用logistic回归评估依从性与血糖控制达标关系。

结果

调整混杂因素后，相对于依从性差组，具有良好药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、复查及总体依从性组的血糖控制达标OR分别为1.402(95% CI:1.173~1.677)、1.231(95% CI:1.030~1.471)、0.985(95% CI:0.821~1.183)、0.968(95% CI:0.806~1.162)、1.107(95% CI:0.924~1.326)和1.050(95% CI:0.880~1.252)。进一步剔除合并高血压、冠心病、脑卒中及肿瘤的患者后显示，相对于依从性差组，具有良好药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、复查及总体依从性组的血糖控制达标OR分别为1.987(95% CI:1.321~2.990)、1.606(95% CI:1.077~2.397)、1.282(95% CI:0.867~1.895)、1.378(95% CI:0.910~2.085)、1.663(95% CI:1.126~2.456)和1.593(95% CI:1.077~2.354)。

结论

提高社区2型糖尿病健康管理依从性有助于改善患者血糖控制达标率，其中坚持药物治疗及饮食控制的血糖控制效果明显。

2型糖尿病  /  健康管理  /  依从性  /  血糖控制  /  社区
Objective

To explore the association between adherence to community-based health management and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Methods

The study encompassed 2 171 T2DM patients engaged in community health management in Huai’an District, Jiangsu Province. Adherence across five domains—medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, and hospital medical check-ups—was evaluated using the Diabetes Regimen Adherence Questionnaire. Adherence was classified as good or poor based on median scores, while glycemic control was defined by HbA1c levels below 7.0%. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between health management adherence and glycemic control.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for achieving glycemic control among patients with good adherence in medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, hospital medical check-ups, and overall adherence were 1.402(95% CI:1.173-1.677), 1.231(95% CI:1.030-1.471), 0.985(95% CI:0.821-1.183), 0.968(95% CI:0.806-1.162), 1.107(95% CI:0.924-1.326) and1.050(95% CI:0.880-1.252), respectively, compared to those with poor adherence. In a subsequent analysis excluding patients with concurrent hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and tumors, the OR were 1.987(95% CI:1.321-2.990) for medication, 1.606(95% CI:1.077-2.397) for diet, 1.282(95% CI:0.867-1.895) for exercise, 1.378(95% CI:0.910-2.085) for self-monitoring, 1.663(95% CI:1.126-2.456) for hospital medical check-ups, and 1.593(95% CI:1.077-2.354) for overall adherence.

Conclusion

Improved adherence to community health management significantly enhances glycemic control in T2DM patients, with substantial improvements observed through meticulous adherence to medication and dietary guidelines.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  /  Health Management  /  Adherence  /  Glycemic control  /  Community
李殿江, 潘恩春, 孙中明, 文进博, 武鸣, 樊宏, 苏健, 周金意, 沈冲. 社区2型糖尿病患者健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (2) : 273 -278 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308482
Dian-jiang LI, En-chun PAN, Zhong-ming SUN, Jin-bo WEN, Ming WU, Hong FAN, Jian SU, Jin-yi ZHOU, Chong SHEN. Associations between community health management adherence and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (2) : 273 -278 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308482
正文
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当前，我国糖尿病防控形势依然严峻，成年人糖尿病患病率已经超过12.8%[1]，患病人数达1.298 亿[2]。令人担忧的是，糖尿病治疗率仅为32.9%，而治疗控制率为50.1%，均呈现较低水平。据预测，未来20年内糖尿病将继续成为我国重要且可预防的公共健康问题[3]。自2009年起，社区2型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM）健康管理被纳入国家基本公共卫生服务项目，要求基层医疗机构为T2DM患者提供健康管理服务[3]。截至2019年，全国已有超过3 100万T2DM患者接受了此项服务[4]。社区T2DM管理是一个终身伴随患者的过程，有效的血糖控制不仅依赖于医务人员的规范管理，还离不开患者良好的依从性[5]。然而，现有文献大多集中于探讨门诊或住院患者治疗依从性与血糖控制的相关性[6-9]，其研究维度相对单一，主要聚焦药物治疗的依从性[6-9]。而对于全面评估社区T2DM健康管理依从性对血糖控制的深入研究仍显不足[10]。基于此，本研究拟从多维度深入探讨社区T2DM健康管理依从性与血糖控制的关系，以期为优化社区T2DM健康管理提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
2020年1月至2020年12月(由于新冠疫情2～5月中断调查)，采用整群随机抽样方法，在江苏省淮安区（共24个乡镇/街道）中抽取10个乡镇/街道。在每个被抽中的乡镇/街道中将纳入国家基本公共卫生服务项目管理的T2DM患者（35岁及以上）作为调查对象。排除身体或精神状况较差以及不愿意参与调查的患者，共调查2 564例。剔除393例依从性、实验室检测及关键协变量信息缺失者，最终2 171例纳入分析。本研究已获得南京医科大学伦理委员会的伦理审批（南医大伦审 (2019)716号），所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。
1.2　研究方法
调查包括问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检测三个部分。由经过培训合格的调查员使用平板电脑进行面对面调查，收集并录入研究对象的基本情况、依从性、主要疾病史和糖尿病并发症情况等信息。采用标准方法测量身高及体重，并计算体质指数。使用欧姆龙HBP-1300电子血压计测量血压3次，每次间隔至少1分钟，以3次测量的均值作为最终血压值。采集空腹静脉血样，并采用高效液相色谱法（伯乐，D-10型糖化血红蛋白仪）测定糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)。
采用陈亚梅等[11-12]编制的《糖尿病治疗依从性问卷》从药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、定期复查等五个维度调查患者依从性，每个维度包含4个条目。每个条目采用1～3分的3级评分法，其中条目12、13采用反向评分。得分越高表示依从性越好。本调查问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.740。
1.3　指标定义
（1）依从性分组：以总体依从性及各维度依从性得分的中位数作为分界点，依从性好定义为得分≥中位数，依从性差定义为得分<中位数；（2）血糖控制达标：以HbA1c<7.0%为控制达标；（3）体质指数:分为<24.0 kg/m2,24.0~27.9 kg/m2，≥28.0 kg/m2 3个组,分别定义为体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组, 由于<18.5kg/m2患者不足1%, 未单独分类；（4）高血压：指曾被诊断为患有高血压,或本调查3次平均收缩压>140 mmHg 和 （或）舒张压>90 mmHg 。（5）糖尿病并发症及合并症：主要并发症（糖尿病肾脏病变、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病神经病变、糖尿病下肢血管病变、糖尿病足病、骨质疏松症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征）诊断参考《中国2 型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》[13]，合并冠心病、脑卒中及肿瘤等病史的判断以调查前乡镇（社区）及以上级别医院诊断记录为依据。
1.4　统计学分析
应用SAS 9.4软件进行资料分析。非正态分布的计量资料以M（P25，P75）表示，组间比较采用Wilcoxon检验;分类变量采用频数(百分比)描述，组间差异比较采用 χ2 检验。采用logistic回归模型探讨T2DM患者管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系，并按照是否有合并症（高血压、冠心病、脑卒中和肿瘤）进行分层分析。检验水准 α＝0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　基本特征
2 171名T2DM患者年龄中位数为69（64,74）岁，其中总体依从性好(52~60分)者1 121例，占 51.64%；总体依从性差(<52分)者1 050例，占48.36% ，二组患者在性别、文化程度及家庭收入等特征上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），见表1。
2.2　社区T2DM健康管理依从性与血糖控制达标关系
研究对象中有841例T2DM患者血糖控制达标，达标率为 38.74%。以血糖控制达标状况（否=0，是=1）为因变量，分别以总体、药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测及复查依从性为自变量构建单独的logistic回归模型，调整年龄（连续型）、性别、文化程度、婚姻、家庭人口数、家庭年收入、体质指数、并发症、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中及肿瘤后显示，与依从性差组相比，药物治疗、饮食依从性好组的血糖控制达标率较高，对应的OR分别为1.402(95% CI:1.173~1.677)和1.231(95% CI:1.030~1.471)（见表2模型3）。
2.3　分层分析
采用单独的logistic回归模型调整年龄（连续型）、性别、文化程度、婚姻、家庭人口、家庭年收入、体质指数及并发症后显示（表3），在473例无合并症的T2DM患者中，相对于依从性组，药物治疗、饮食、复查及总体依从性好组的血糖控制达标的OR分别为1.987(95% CI:1.321~2.990)、1.606(95% CI:1.077~2.397)、1.663(95% CI:1.126~2.456)和1.593(95% CI:1.077~2.354)；在1698例有合并症的T2DM患者中，相对依从性差组，药物治疗依从性好组的血糖控制达标OR为1.262(95% CI:1.034~1.541)。
3　讨论
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糖尿病是我国实施综合防治管理策略的主要慢性病之一。这种以人群为基础的健康管理在综合医院中难以高效完成，而基层医疗机构将健康管理的便捷性和可及性具体到各社区，成为糖尿病防治的主战场[4]。本研究显示，纳入江苏省淮安区社区健康管理的T2DM患者的血糖控制达标率为 38.74%，与江苏省常熟地区（40.84%）[14] 相近，但远高于江苏省未纳入健康管理的患者（8.7%）[15]。这表明社区T2DM健康管理对提高糖尿病控制水平具有积极作用。
《国家基层糖尿病防治管理指南（2022）》（简称《基层指南》）要求基层医务人员为患者提供 “五架马车”式（即药物治疗、饮食治疗、运动治疗、自我监测及糖尿病教育）的综合健康管理服务，以改善血糖控制效果，减少并发症的发生[16]。依从性是指患者按照医生的建议进行治疗的程度[17]。本研究率先从药物治疗、饮食、运动、自我监测、定期复查等5个维度综合评估T2DM健康管理依从性与血糖控制的关系，结果显示，在无合并症的T2DM患者中，总体依从性好组的血糖控制达标率是依从性差组的1.6倍，表明患者坚持配合健康管理，可明显改善其血糖控制效果。
《基层指南》强调生活方式干预，特别是饮食控制，是T2DM的基础治疗措施[18]。本研究发现，无论患者是否存在合并症，良好的饮食依从性均能显著改善血糖控制效果，这与杨楠[19] 的研究结果一致。这可能是因为饮食依从性差的患者更难控制食物选择，导致不良饮食习惯[18]。运动依从性反映患者实际运动与医务人员制定的运动处方的符合程度[20]。已有研究证明，适当运动可以改善胰岛素敏感性，从而有助于血糖控制[21]。但本研究发现，良好的运动依从性未能显著改善血糖控制，可能是因为医务人员的运动处方不够科学。上海金山区调查显示，家庭医生在糖尿病基本信息、饮食方法、运动方法、自我监测、药物治疗和并发症防治知识等 6 个维度中，对运动方法的知识知晓率最低（仅为59.50%） [20]。
《基层指南》要求，当单一的生活方式干预无法达到血糖控制标准时，应考虑药物治疗[16]。既往研究表明，药物治疗依从性与HbA1c水平呈负相关[6-7]。但这些研究主要针对门诊或住院患者[6-8]，而社区患者的相关研究较少，且样本量有限（例如，一项有关北京通州社区的调查样本仅为318例）[10]，本研究显示，调整混杂因素后，药物治疗依从性好组的血糖控制达标率是依从性组的1.4倍。可见，提高患者服药依从是改善血糖控制效果的有效方法。
定期自我监测不仅为患者提供了实时、准确的血糖数据，还为医务人员调整治疗策略提供了支持。既往研究显示，自我监测血糖有助于住院患者血糖控制[22]。但本研究发现，良好的自我监测依从性未能显著提升社区患者血糖控制的达标率。此外，定期复查对于医务人员了解患者病情并及时调整治疗策略至关重要。本研究发现，对于无合并症的T2DM患者，复查依从性好组的血糖控制达标率是依从性差组的1.7倍。因此，基层医生在随访中应强调定期复查的重要性，让患者意识到复查的益处。
本研究采用横断面调查, 因而无法确定因果关系。有研究表明，健康状况欠佳或血糖控制不佳的患者更倾向于接受健康管理服务，而医务人员也更可能为这些患者提供更多服务[23]。刘美岑等的研究发现，使用更多基本公共服务的T2DM患者的血糖控制满意率反而低于使用较少服务的患者[23]。这或可解释为什么在本研究T2DM伴有合并症患者中，血糖监测依从性差组的血糖控制率略高于依从性好组。
综上所述，T2DM患者遵从健康管理计划有助于提高其血糖控制达标率，其中遵从药物治疗和规律饮食对血糖控制效果明显。医务人员应为患者制定个体化的健康管理计划，采取积极方式提高患者各维度的依从性，以切实提高血糖控制达标率。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71974101)
  • 淮安市卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201924)
文献
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2024年第51卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308482
  • 接收时间：2023-08-29
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-29
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71974101)
淮安市卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201924)
作者信息
    1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 南京 211166
    2.淮安市疾病预防控制中心
    3.江苏省疾病预防控制中心

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李殿江，E-mail：；
潘恩春，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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