Article(id=1241319157686391631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149787, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149787, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2284, endPage=2289, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319158458143632, articleId=1241319157686391631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development and reliability test of a comprehensive competency assessment scale for northeast China CDC public health personnel, columnId=1240375111455404044, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Talent Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct and validate a scientific evaluation tool to measure the level of comprehensive competencies such as public health professional competencies, managerial competencies, and basic competencies of public health personnel in northeastern China disease prevention and control agencies.

Methods

The literature research method combined with the expert consultation method was used to establish the comprehensive competence question items, collectingdata through the questionnaire survey method for exploratory factor analysis, to complete the construction of the dimensional module of the evaluation tool and the division of its belonging to the measurement items, and to fit the structural model of the measurement tool by using the validation factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the measurement tool should be tested to form a comprehensive competence measurement tool for public health personnel.

Results

A comprehensive competency evaluation index system for public health personnel of disease prevention and control institutions was finally formed, which included 25 items in three dimensions, namely, public health professional competency, management competency, and basic competency. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 70.97%, the model fit index was good (RMSEA=0.058, CFI=0.968, NFI=0.968), the Cronbach α for the scale was 0.864, and Cronbach α for the dimensions was 0.963, 0.961, and 0.959, respectively, with CR values of 0.945, 0.930, and 0.818, which has good reliability and validity.

Conclusion

The three dimensions of the scale constructed in the study objectively and scientifically evaluated the core competence of basic public health service personnel in primary healthcare institutions, providing a reference basis for rationally setting up the corresponding assessment indicators and training contents, and then enhancing the synthesis and competence of CDC public health personnel.

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目的

研究旨在构建与验证衡量东北地区疾病预防控制机构公共卫生人员公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力等综合能力水平的科学评价工具。

方法

采用文献研究法结合专家咨询法,建立综合能力题项,通过问卷调查法收集数据并进行探索性因子分析,完成评价工具的维度模块及其所属测量项的划分构建,采用验证性因子分析对测量工具的结构模型进行拟合并对测量工具的信度与效度进行检验,形成公共卫生人员综合能力测量工具。

结果

最终形成了包含“公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力”3个维度25个条目的疾病预防控制机构公共卫生人员综合能力评价指标体系。累积方差贡献率70.97%,模型适配指数良好(RMSEA=0.058,CFI= 0.968,NFI=0.968),量表Cronbach α为0.864,分维度Cronbach α分别为0.963、0.961和0.959,各维度CR值为 0.945、0.930和0.818,具有良好的信效度。

结论

研究构建的量表3个维度客观、科学的评价基层疾控机构基本公共卫生服务人员核心能力,为合理设置相应考核指标与培训内容,进而提升疾控公卫人员的综合能力提供参考依据。

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吴群红,E-mail:
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王雨璇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康政策、社会医学

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王雨璇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康政策、社会医学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on bottleneck and prospect of outstanding public health talents training in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173519888916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=800, pageEnd=805, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=史可心, 张光鹏, 李晓燕, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=史可心,张光鹏,李晓燕,等.世界卫生组织《履行基本公共卫生职能的国家人力能力建设路线图》解读及启示[J].中国公共卫生2023,39(6):800-805., articleTitle=世界卫生组织《履行基本公共卫生职能的国家人力能力建设路线图》解读及启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173628940826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=800, pageEnd=805, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Shi KX, Zhang GP, Li XY, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi KX, Zhang GP, Li XY, et al.Interpretation and enlightenment of the WHO Roadmap for National Human Capacity Building to Perform Basic Public Health Functions[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2023, 39(6): 800-805. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Interpretation and enlightenment of the WHO Roadmap for National Human Capacity Building to Perform Basic Public Health Functions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241319167933075814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, awardId=72361137562, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目“复杂网络视域下中俄两国医疗浪涌应对系统理论建模、仿真及能力建设研究”(72361137562), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319168029544811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, awardId=72304079, language=CN, fundingSource=多维视域下城市基层卫生应急系统反脆弱体系构建及优化路径研究(72304079), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319159649326061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159657714669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, companyId=1241319159649326061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159674491888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, companyId=1241319159649326061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319159829681145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159838069755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, companyId=1241319159829681145, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319164632158463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Results of confirmatory factor analysis, figureFileSmall=X7h8o/cVLDht9TBCfXehqw==, figureFileBig=zNG0+yPx+PduGlS/bcs5Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319164737016069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=CN, label=图1, caption=验证性因子分析结果, figureFileSmall=X7h8o/cVLDht9TBCfXehqw==, figureFileBig=zNG0+yPx+PduGlS/bcs5Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319164992868632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The content and meaning of the comprehensive ability evaluation scale for public health personnel

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维度能力含义
公共卫生专业能力1.公共卫生服务与处理能力公共卫生服务综合管理能力的综合性评估,包括对不同领域(如免疫接种、疾病防控等)的整体统筹、资源调配、项目执行、效果评估等能力
2.实验室检验检测能力卫生防疫、卫生监督监测及健康相关产品卫生质量的检测和评价能力
3.流行病溯源能力调查病例的感染来源,掌握病例发病情况、接触史等流行病学相关信息,分析疫情的传播特征和传播链的能力
4.监测预警能力对传染病疫情与突发公共卫生事件的发现、报告能力。
5.风险识别与评估能力对可能引发公共卫生风险隐患的相关风险系统地进行识别、分析和评价的能力
6.应急响应与处置能力在发生突发公共卫生事件时,立即采取行动,应对该事件的能力
7.现场调查与控制能力针对突发公共卫生事件所开展的流行病学或卫生学调查以及控制事件危害进一步发展的能力
8.社区诊断与护理能力结合护理学、社会学和公共卫生知识来促进和保护社区居民健康的能力
9.慢病控制与管理能力开展慢性病防控与老龄健康促进相关的政策研究与业务管理协调,组织实施并推动慢性病防控的实践能力
10.健康教育与促进能力健康信息科普、发布、传播的能力
11.临床基本技能主要包括体格检查、现场急救技能、样品采集能力、卫生处理能力
管理能力12.个人安全防护能力传染病现场调查、诊断检测、科研、疫苗研发过程中维护自身健康的能力
13.政策解读与执行能力对公共卫生领域重要政策文件的出台背景、主要内容、落实措施解释性说明与实际开展工作的能力
14.领导决策能力用科学的决策方法和技术,从方案中选择其中一个最佳方案,并在实施中加以完善和修正,以实现组织目标的能力
15.组织协调能力根据工作任务,控制、激励和协调群体活动过程,从而实现组织目标的能力
16.宣传动员能力运用各种形式宣讲公共卫生相关政策主张,号召群众的能力
17.舆论应对能力全面把握舆情的相关特征及识别潜在网络舆情事件的能力
18.团队协作能力与其他成员协同合作的能力
19.激励能力通过设计适当的奖酬形式和工作环境,激发、引导组织及其个人的行为的能力
20.抗压能力个体对逆境引起的心理压力和负面情绪的承受与调节能力
基础能力21.公文写作能力编写结构和内容合理的报告的能力
22.科研能力疾病防控和公共卫生领域科学研究能力
23.数据分析能力公共卫生数据的深入分析和挖掘展开能力
24.英语能力参与国际会议、阅读和理解最新的科研文献的英语水平
25.创新能力疾病防控和公共卫生技术突破能力
), ArticleFig(id=1241319166523789600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

公共卫生人员综合能力评价量表内容及其含义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度能力含义
公共卫生专业能力1.公共卫生服务与处理能力公共卫生服务综合管理能力的综合性评估,包括对不同领域(如免疫接种、疾病防控等)的整体统筹、资源调配、项目执行、效果评估等能力
2.实验室检验检测能力卫生防疫、卫生监督监测及健康相关产品卫生质量的检测和评价能力
3.流行病溯源能力调查病例的感染来源,掌握病例发病情况、接触史等流行病学相关信息,分析疫情的传播特征和传播链的能力
4.监测预警能力对传染病疫情与突发公共卫生事件的发现、报告能力。
5.风险识别与评估能力对可能引发公共卫生风险隐患的相关风险系统地进行识别、分析和评价的能力
6.应急响应与处置能力在发生突发公共卫生事件时,立即采取行动,应对该事件的能力
7.现场调查与控制能力针对突发公共卫生事件所开展的流行病学或卫生学调查以及控制事件危害进一步发展的能力
8.社区诊断与护理能力结合护理学、社会学和公共卫生知识来促进和保护社区居民健康的能力
9.慢病控制与管理能力开展慢性病防控与老龄健康促进相关的政策研究与业务管理协调,组织实施并推动慢性病防控的实践能力
10.健康教育与促进能力健康信息科普、发布、传播的能力
11.临床基本技能主要包括体格检查、现场急救技能、样品采集能力、卫生处理能力
管理能力12.个人安全防护能力传染病现场调查、诊断检测、科研、疫苗研发过程中维护自身健康的能力
13.政策解读与执行能力对公共卫生领域重要政策文件的出台背景、主要内容、落实措施解释性说明与实际开展工作的能力
14.领导决策能力用科学的决策方法和技术,从方案中选择其中一个最佳方案,并在实施中加以完善和修正,以实现组织目标的能力
15.组织协调能力根据工作任务,控制、激励和协调群体活动过程,从而实现组织目标的能力
16.宣传动员能力运用各种形式宣讲公共卫生相关政策主张,号召群众的能力
17.舆论应对能力全面把握舆情的相关特征及识别潜在网络舆情事件的能力
18.团队协作能力与其他成员协同合作的能力
19.激励能力通过设计适当的奖酬形式和工作环境,激发、引导组织及其个人的行为的能力
20.抗压能力个体对逆境引起的心理压力和负面情绪的承受与调节能力
基础能力21.公文写作能力编写结构和内容合理的报告的能力
22.科研能力疾病防控和公共卫生领域科学研究能力
23.数据分析能力公共卫生数据的深入分析和挖掘展开能力
24.英语能力参与国际会议、阅读和理解最新的科研文献的英语水平
25.创新能力疾病防控和公共卫生技术突破能力
), ArticleFig(id=1241319166674784553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of sample demographic data (n=11 912)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征人数(%)
性别3 876(32.54)
8 036(67.46)
年龄(岁)19~303 208(26.93)
31~403 332(27.97)
41~503 010(25.27)
51~602 362(19.83)
学历高中及以下803(6.74)
大专2 669(22.41)
本科7 400(62.12)
硕士994(8.34)
博士46(0.39)
在编情况编内10 374(87.09)
编外1 538(12.91)
专业临床医学类3 320(27.87)
基础医学类2 441(20.50)
药学类2 066(17.34)
公共卫生与预防医学类359(3.01)
化学类280(2.35)
公共管理类346(2.90)
其他3 100(26.02)
职称高级969(8.13)
副高级1 961(16.46)
中级2 272(19.07)
初级3 283(27.56)
见习/无职称3 138(26.34)
其他289(2.43)
工龄(年)<53 844(32.27)
6~152 773(23.28)
16~303 422(28.73)
>311 873(15.72)
平均月收入(元)<3 0001 603(13.46)
3 000~5 0006 138(51.53)
5 001~7 0002 872(24.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1241319166829973809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本人口学资料分析(n=11 912)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征人数(%)
性别3 876(32.54)
8 036(67.46)
年龄(岁)19~303 208(26.93)
31~403 332(27.97)
41~503 010(25.27)
51~602 362(19.83)
学历高中及以下803(6.74)
大专2 669(22.41)
本科7 400(62.12)
硕士994(8.34)
博士46(0.39)
在编情况编内10 374(87.09)
编外1 538(12.91)
专业临床医学类3 320(27.87)
基础医学类2 441(20.50)
药学类2 066(17.34)
公共卫生与预防医学类359(3.01)
化学类280(2.35)
公共管理类346(2.90)
其他3 100(26.02)
职称高级969(8.13)
副高级1 961(16.46)
中级2 272(19.07)
初级3 283(27.56)
见习/无职称3 138(26.34)
其他289(2.43)
工龄(年)<53 844(32.27)
6~152 773(23.28)
16~303 422(28.73)
>311 873(15.72)
平均月收入(元)<3 0001 603(13.46)
3 000~5 0006 138(51.53)
5 001~7 0002 872(24.11)
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Factor loading matrix after rotation

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维度条目因子
123
公共卫生专业能力a1.公共卫生服务与处理能力0.717
a2.实验室检验检测能力0.623
a3.流行病溯源能力0.784
a4.监测预警能力0.812
a5.风险识别与评估能力0.819
a6.应急响应与处置能力0.814
a7.现场调查与控制能力0.818
a8.社区诊断与护理能力0.772
a9.慢病控制与管理能力0.797
a10.健康教育与促进能力0.790
a11.临床基本技能0.719
a12.个人安全防护能力0.688
管理能力b1.政策解读与执行能力0.601
b2.领导决策能力0.748
b3.组织协调能力0.835
b4.宣传动员能力0.829
b5.舆论应对能力0.781
b6.团队协作能力0.811
b7.激励能力0.791
b8.抗压能力0.761
基础能力c1.公文写作能力0.613
c2.科研能力0.837
c3.数据分析能力0.708
c4.英语能力0.815
c5.创新能力0.638
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旋转后因子载荷矩阵

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维度条目因子
123
公共卫生专业能力a1.公共卫生服务与处理能力0.717
a2.实验室检验检测能力0.623
a3.流行病溯源能力0.784
a4.监测预警能力0.812
a5.风险识别与评估能力0.819
a6.应急响应与处置能力0.814
a7.现场调查与控制能力0.818
a8.社区诊断与护理能力0.772
a9.慢病控制与管理能力0.797
a10.健康教育与促进能力0.790
a11.临床基本技能0.719
a12.个人安全防护能力0.688
管理能力b1.政策解读与执行能力0.601
b2.领导决策能力0.748
b3.组织协调能力0.835
b4.宣传动员能力0.829
b5.舆论应对能力0.781
b6.团队协作能力0.811
b7.激励能力0.791
b8.抗压能力0.761
基础能力c1.公文写作能力0.613
c2.科研能力0.837
c3.数据分析能力0.708
c4.英语能力0.815
c5.创新能力0.638
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167173906756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Dimensions and items of the evaluation index system

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维度条目数条目
公共卫生专业能力12a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7 、a8、a9、a10、a11、a12
管理能力8b1、b2、b3、b4、b5、b6、b7、b8
基础能力5c1、c2、c3、c4、c5
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评价指标体系的维度及条目

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维度条目数条目
公共卫生专业能力12a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7 、a8、a9、a10、a11、a12
管理能力8b1、b2、b3、b4、b5、b6、b7、b8
基础能力5c1、c2、c3、c4、c5
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167396204877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of confirmatory factor analysis

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指标χ2/dfRMSEACFINFITLIRMRGFIAGFI
2.9770.0580.9680.9680.9580.0250.9400.912
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167547199828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

验证性因子分析结果

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指标χ2/dfRMSEACFINFITLIRMRGFIAGFI
2.9770.0580.9680.9680.9580.0250.9400.912
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167668834647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319157686391631, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Pearson correlation and AVE square root value

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维度1维度2维度3
维度10.770
维度20.2350.794
维度30.2260.2780.729
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Pearson相关与AVE平方根值

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维度1维度2维度3
维度10.770
维度20.2350.794
维度30.2260.2780.729
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东北地区疾控公共卫生人员综合能力评价量表的开发与信效度检验
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王雨璇 1 , 刘欢 1 , 王可欣 1 , 诸葛瑞倩 1 , 王群凯 1 , 吴群红 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2025,52(12): 2284-2289
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现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2025, 52(12): 2284-2289
东北地区疾控公共卫生人员综合能力评价量表的开发与信效度检验
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王雨璇1, 刘欢1, 王可欣1, 诸葛瑞倩1, 王群凯1, 吴群红1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
  • 2.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 王雨璇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康政策、社会医学

通讯作者:

吴群红,E-mail:
Development and reliability test of a comprehensive competency assessment scale for northeast China CDC public health personnel
Yu-xuan WANG1, Huan LIU1, Ke-xin WANG1, Rui-qian ZHUGE1, Qun-kai WANG1, Qun-hong WU1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411118
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目的

研究旨在构建与验证衡量东北地区疾病预防控制机构公共卫生人员公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力等综合能力水平的科学评价工具。

方法

采用文献研究法结合专家咨询法,建立综合能力题项,通过问卷调查法收集数据并进行探索性因子分析,完成评价工具的维度模块及其所属测量项的划分构建,采用验证性因子分析对测量工具的结构模型进行拟合并对测量工具的信度与效度进行检验,形成公共卫生人员综合能力测量工具。

结果

最终形成了包含“公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力”3个维度25个条目的疾病预防控制机构公共卫生人员综合能力评价指标体系。累积方差贡献率70.97%,模型适配指数良好(RMSEA=0.058,CFI= 0.968,NFI=0.968),量表Cronbach α为0.864,分维度Cronbach α分别为0.963、0.961和0.959,各维度CR值为 0.945、0.930和0.818,具有良好的信效度。

结论

研究构建的量表3个维度客观、科学的评价基层疾控机构基本公共卫生服务人员核心能力,为合理设置相应考核指标与培训内容,进而提升疾控公卫人员的综合能力提供参考依据。

疾病预防控制机构  /  公共卫生人员  /  能力  /  信效度
Objective

To construct and validate a scientific evaluation tool to measure the level of comprehensive competencies such as public health professional competencies, managerial competencies, and basic competencies of public health personnel in northeastern China disease prevention and control agencies.

Methods

The literature research method combined with the expert consultation method was used to establish the comprehensive competence question items, collectingdata through the questionnaire survey method for exploratory factor analysis, to complete the construction of the dimensional module of the evaluation tool and the division of its belonging to the measurement items, and to fit the structural model of the measurement tool by using the validation factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the measurement tool should be tested to form a comprehensive competence measurement tool for public health personnel.

Results

A comprehensive competency evaluation index system for public health personnel of disease prevention and control institutions was finally formed, which included 25 items in three dimensions, namely, public health professional competency, management competency, and basic competency. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 70.97%, the model fit index was good (RMSEA=0.058, CFI=0.968, NFI=0.968), the Cronbach α for the scale was 0.864, and Cronbach α for the dimensions was 0.963, 0.961, and 0.959, respectively, with CR values of 0.945, 0.930, and 0.818, which has good reliability and validity.

Conclusion

The three dimensions of the scale constructed in the study objectively and scientifically evaluated the core competence of basic public health service personnel in primary healthcare institutions, providing a reference basis for rationally setting up the corresponding assessment indicators and training contents, and then enhancing the synthesis and competence of CDC public health personnel.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention  /  Public health personnel  /  Capacity  /  Reliability and validity
王雨璇, 刘欢, 王可欣, 诸葛瑞倩, 王群凯, 吴群红. 东北地区疾控公共卫生人员综合能力评价量表的开发与信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2284 -2289 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411118
Yu-xuan WANG, Huan LIU, Ke-xin WANG, Rui-qian ZHUGE, Qun-kai WANG, Qun-hong WU. Development and reliability test of a comprehensive competency assessment scale for northeast China CDC public health personnel[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2284 -2289 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411118
近年来全球公共卫生事件频发[1-2],愈发显出公共卫生强大的重要性,同时也暴露出我国公共卫生人员能力仍存在短板,尤其是东北地区,作为突发公共卫生事件传播的多发地带但公共卫生人员能力却相对薄弱,处于我国较低水平[3],提高东北地区公共卫生人员能力迫在眉睫。公共卫生系统在“健康中国2030”规划纲要的实施中承担着重要使命,是实现全民健康的中坚力量,这就对公共卫生从业人员的能力和水平提出了更高的要求。公共卫生人力队伍建设的关键是明确基本公共卫生职能,确保公共卫生人力资源能够灵活适应多变的公共卫生挑战,这需要就履行基本公共卫生职能所需技能和能力达成共识[4]。2023年,《关于进一步完善医疗卫生服务体系的意见》提出要明确各类医疗机构公共卫生人员岗位职责要求,为提高公共卫生人才队伍素质,就需要了解公共卫生人员应该具备哪些素质,从而进行有针对的培训、考核以及管理模式。
目前,能力的研究与应用已经越来越广泛[5-6],但在公共卫生人员领域仍处于探索阶段,学者多关注某些特定能力的评价[7-8],还没有形成统一的能力模型或量表[9-11],同时,对于除基础专业能力外其他公共卫生人员应具备的、判断其发展潜质的能力研究仍较稀缺。本研究尝试构建东北地区公共卫生人员综合的岗位能力评价指标体系,为构建中国公共卫生人员岗位能力量表,合理设置相应考核指标与培训内容提供依据。
本研究于2022年3月—5月开展,调查对象是来自黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、内蒙古自治区的省级、市级、区县级的疾病预防控制中心的从业人员。纳入标准:①研究对象所在的机构为疾病预防控制中心且为公共卫生人员(从事疾病预防、流行病学、环境卫生等方面的专业人员);②调查时工作时间超过半年;③愿意参与本研究。本次调查的问卷经问卷星录入,采用分层抽样与便利抽样相结合方式,发放至各“省—市—区县”三级的疾控机构,遵循匿名原则并在线填写了知情同意书。问卷排除标准:①填写时间少于70秒。②存在同一性应答倾向。③未按问卷所指示的选项填答。本研究累计回收调查问卷15 000份,经过严格筛选,剔除无效问卷后,共获得有效问卷11 912份,有效回收率为79.41%。
基于《国家基本公共卫生服务规范(2021年版)》[12]及《国家基本公共卫生服务技术规范》[13]、《疾病预防控制机构公共卫生医师规范化培训试点工作方案(试行)》[14]等相关文献资料,并对我国公共卫生规范化培训能力要素进行提炼,形成最初的指标库,共3个维度(公共卫生服务能力、管理能力、基础能力),49个条目。随后,邀请从事公共卫生人员能力研究的专家学者、疾控公共卫生人员等共11人,开展两轮专家咨询,第一轮聚焦修改不恰当的条目并修改维度名称(公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力),使能力条目更适合评价疾控公共卫生人员。第二轮则是对条目精简,确保量表的能力条目全面且重要,最终保留3个维度,25个条目,采用Likert 5级量表评判各条目的满意度,分数越高,表示人员对该项能力越满意。
问卷包括两部分内容:第一部分为基本人口学特征,主要包括性别、年龄、学历、平均月收入等问题;第二部分则是疾控公共卫生人员综合能力评估量表。
采用探索性因子分析提取核心能力条目公因子,采用KMO和Bartlett球形检验数据是否适宜开展因子分析,检验水准α=0.05。采用AMOS软件对量表的25个题项进行验证性因子分析和探索性因子分析,并分别对量表的聚合效度和区分效度进行检验,以验证量表的科学性和合理性。
研究最终编制出公共卫生人员综合能力评价量表(见表1)。
11 912名受访者的平均年龄为39岁,其中31~40岁(27.97%)、女性(67.46%)、本科(62.12%)、编内(87.09%)、临床医学专业(27.87%)、初级职称(27.56%)、工龄16~30年(28.73%)、平均月收入3 000~5 000元(51.53%)占比较多,见表2
探索性因子分析结果显示KMO值为0.962。并且Bartlett’s球形检验统计量285 749.842,P<0.001,达到显著水平,均显示数据适合进行因子分析。采用主成分分析法,根据特征根>1的标准提取公因子,提取到的三个公因子的总体方差累计贡献率为70.97%。经方差最大化正交旋转后的因子负荷量在0.601~0.837,如表2。最终形成的正式版测评工具包括三个维度和25个条目(详见表3表4)。
为了对因子整体的拟合程度进行检验,我们对数据进行验证性因子分析。判断模型拟合的指标主要有χ2/df、RMSEA、CFI、NFI、GFI、AGFI、TLI和RMR。验证性因子分析结果显示,所有指标均要符合要求,表明模型拟合程度良好(详见表5图1)。
本研究量表总的Cronbach α为0.864。三个维度的组合信度分别为0.963,0.961和0.959,均在可被接受范围内,表明量表内部一致性较好。
各条目与其维度之间的相关系数在0.696~0.904之间。各维度与总量表的相关系数分别为0.797,0.832和0.834,均具有统计学意义。结果显示条目、维度与总量表三者之间具有良好的相关性,进一步证明所开发评价工具的效度良好。模型AVE值分别为0.593,0.631和0.532,CR的检验结果分别为0.945,0.930和0.818,表明测量指标提取度较好。Pearson相关分析与AVE平方根值的结果如表6所示,因子的均方差抽取量AVE的平方根均大于其他因子的Pearson相关系数值,可见量表的区分效度较好。
3.1 量表构建过程规范,具有科学性,信效度良好本研究严格遵循量表的开发步骤。充分查阅相关文献,并开展专家咨询进行初始量表的构建,同时以11 912名东北地区疾控公共卫生人员为对象开展调研,通过因子分析,最终提取3个公因子:公共卫生专业能力、管理能力、基础能力。正式量表条目为25项,量表Cronbach α为0.864,各个维度也具有较高的信度系数,具有良好的内部一致性。在结构效度评估方面,因子负荷量在0.601~0.837,提取到的三个公因子的总体方差累计贡献率为70.97%,大于40%的标准[15],说明结构效度良好。模型CR值均大于0.7,AVE值均大于0.5,可见量表聚合效度较好[16]。量表的区分效度方面,AVE的平方根均大于其他因子的Pearson相关系数值。因此本研究构建的量表能够反映公共卫生人员的综合能力的主要概念,可用于评估疾控公共卫生人员综合能力。
目前,我国公共卫生人员综合能力评价指标的研究和探讨比较空缺。本研究构建的综合能力评价指标与美国公共卫生基金会提出的公共卫生专业人员的8个核心能力有相通的地方[17]。因为同属于健康领域而具有相同的职责,故与卫生领域其他人员综合能力评价指标相比也有交集。面对复杂多变的公共卫生环境,公共卫生的内涵在不断调整,因此,符合我国国情的公共卫生人员综合能力评价指标体系需要不断地探索和完善。
3.2 强调综合能力 对公卫人员的重要性公共卫生工作承担的责任是疾病预防与人群健康促进,具有社会性和群体性,因此公共卫生人员应具备时刻保持对人群及社会负责的态度,这就要求公共卫生人员树立能力提升意识,按照战略目标不断地进行自我提升,从而具备完成各项工作的综合能力[18-19]
量表对于改进公共卫生人员规范化培训起着重要作用。基于量表的人力资源规划可使疾病预防控制机构更多地考虑公卫人员技术和能力表现,更具有针对性地设计和开展公共卫生培训项目,从而提高培训效果。综合能力量表中管理能力维度,可评价判断公卫人员的发展潜质,据此量表开展综合能力自测,公卫人员可以选择更适合自身能力特质的职业发展规划。
本研究对疾病预防控制中心公共卫生人员能力研究作出进一步补充,但仍存在一定局限性:首先,由于研究人力和时间的限制,本研究测试人群仅限于东北地区,未来还需要进一步增加测试样本量进行量表验证。其次,量表开发依赖于专家的判断与选择以及被调查人员的自我评价的质量,可能存在社会期望偏倚和主观认知偏差。此外,随着疾病预防控制机构公共卫生职能不断变化以及科学技术的不断发展,应不断地更新能力评价指标,如AI技术应用的相关能力,从而使能力评价指标体系更符合时代发展要求。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目“复杂网络视域下中俄两国医疗浪涌应对系统理论建模、仿真及能力建设研究”(72361137562)
  • 多维视域下城市基层卫生应急系统反脆弱体系构建及优化路径研究(72304079)
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2025年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411118
  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“复杂网络视域下中俄两国医疗浪涌应对系统理论建模、仿真及能力建设研究”(72361137562)
多维视域下城市基层卫生应急系统反脆弱体系构建及优化路径研究(72304079)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
    2.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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