Article(id=1241319156470043460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412368, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734796800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149497, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149497, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149497, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149497, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2120, endPage=2125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319157933855587, articleId=1241319156470043460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A longitudinal association study of multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms based on latent class analysis, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between multimorbidity patterns and new-onset depressive symptoms in a community population in Sichuan.

Methods

Based on the follow-up data of a Southwest cohort, multimorbidity patterns were identified among 16 long-term diseases using latent class analysis. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations of multimorbidity status, number of multimorbidity, and specific multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms. Differences in these associations within subgroups of age, sex, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, and level of green space were compared by stratified analyses.

Results

Multimorbidity status and number of multimorbidity were significantly associated with the risk of new-onset depressive symptoms with OR values of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13-1.88) and 1.19 (1.09-1.29), respectively. Compared with hypertension multimorbidity pattern, hyperlipidemia multimorbidity and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity were associated with the risk of depression onset with OR values of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.01-2.61) and 2.90 (95% CI: 1.47-5.71).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity can increase the risk of depression, and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity has a higher risk of depression compared to hyperlipidemic multimorbidity.

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目的

探究四川地区社区人群中共病模式与新发抑郁症状之间的关联。

方法

基于西南区域自然人群队列数据,使用潜在类别分析于16种长期疾病中识别共病模式,采用logistic回归模型分析共病状态、共病数量以及特定共病模式与新发抑郁症状的关联;通过分层分析比较这些关联在不同年龄、性别、饮酒频率、吸烟状况和绿地水平亚组内的差异。

结果

共病状态、共病数量与新发抑郁症状风险显著相关,OR值分别为1.46(95% CI: 1.13~1.88)、1.19(1.09~1.29)。相较于高血压共病模式,高脂血症共病模式和代谢及骨骼共病模式与新发抑郁症状相关,OR值为1.69(1.01~2.61)和2.90(1.47~5.71)。

结论

共病状态可能增加抑郁的发病风险,其中,代谢及骨骼共病模式相较于高脂血症共病模式 ,具有更高的抑郁发病风险。

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郭冰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PhuyEMUNyIRYXvSSUiDS3Q==, magXml=kpqMT5b87U2aS1LOpN07Ig==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FyWzECRmlbmrNQ+axh++iQ==, pdfFileSize=906523, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=d/l9Q1I1PEDjaehG1yA7Qg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=29fQ6w0TTbWnE2hjNTu1Mg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈丹滢(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生统计方法与应用

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陈丹滢(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生统计方法与应用

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Baseline characteristics[n(%)/]

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特征总人数
n=2 705
是否共病P

n=1 229

n=1 476
年龄(岁)<0.001
<401 030(38.1)278(22.6)752(50.9)
40~591 053(38.9)523(42.6)530(35.9)
≥60622(23.0)428(34.8)194(13.1)
性别<0.001
1 191(44.0)629(51.2)562(38.1)
1 514(56.0)600(48.8)914(61.9)
婚姻0.021
已婚2 426(89.7)1 084(88.2)1 342(90.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶279(10.3)145(11.8)134(9.1)
民族0.001
汉族2 032(75.1)887(72.2)1 145(77.6)
少数民族673(24.9)342(27.8)331(22.4)
家庭收入<0.001
<20 000元771(28.6)380(30.9)391(26.6)
20 000~99 999元1 436(53.2)685(55.7)751(51.1)
≥100 000元493(18.3)164(13.3)329(22.4)
教育<0.001
小学及以下1 164(43.0)609(49.6)555(37.6)
初高中1 126(41.6)507(41.3)619(41.9)
大专、本科及以上415(15.3)113(9.2)302(20.5)
吸烟<0.001
从不1 983(73.3)859(69.9)1 124(76.2)
吸烟或戒烟722(26.7)370(30.1)352(23.8)
饮酒<0.001
从不1 593(58.9)759(61.8)834(56.5)
偶尔702(26.0)268(21.8)434(29.4)
经常410(15.2)202(16.4)208(14.1)
DASH评分22.1±4.221.8±4.222.3±4.1<0.001
体力活动水平22.2±15.920.2±15.523.9±16.0<0.001
抑郁0.008
2 323(86.0)1 031(84.0)1 292(87.6)
379(14.0)196(16.0)183(12.4)
高血压721(26.8)613(49.9)108(7.4)<0.001
糖尿病279(11.2)246(21.8)33(2.4)<0.001
高血脂症902(33.3)700(57.0)202(13.7)<0.001
肥胖458(17.0)401(32.7)57(3.9)<0.001
中风88(3.3)81(6.6)7(0.5)<0.001
肺结核66(2.4)52(4.2)14(0.9)<0.001
慢性肝病108(4.0)89(7.2)19(1.3)<0.001
消化道溃疡67(2.5)58(4.7)9(0.6)<0.001
胆囊炎或胆结石334(12.3)277(22.5)57(3.9)<0.001
风湿性关节炎108(4.0)98(8.0)10(0.7)<0.001
类风湿性关节炎40(1.5)37(3.0)3(0.2)<0.001
椎间盘疾病375(13.9)305(24.8)70(4.7)<0.001
COPD或哮喘173(6.4)142(11.6)31(2.1)<0.001
焦虑43(1.6)36(2.9)7(0.5)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241319166922248504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156470043460, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基线特征[n(%)/]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总人数
n=2 705
是否共病P

n=1 229

n=1 476
年龄(岁)<0.001
<401 030(38.1)278(22.6)752(50.9)
40~591 053(38.9)523(42.6)530(35.9)
≥60622(23.0)428(34.8)194(13.1)
性别<0.001
1 191(44.0)629(51.2)562(38.1)
1 514(56.0)600(48.8)914(61.9)
婚姻0.021
已婚2 426(89.7)1 084(88.2)1 342(90.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶279(10.3)145(11.8)134(9.1)
民族0.001
汉族2 032(75.1)887(72.2)1 145(77.6)
少数民族673(24.9)342(27.8)331(22.4)
家庭收入<0.001
<20 000元771(28.6)380(30.9)391(26.6)
20 000~99 999元1 436(53.2)685(55.7)751(51.1)
≥100 000元493(18.3)164(13.3)329(22.4)
教育<0.001
小学及以下1 164(43.0)609(49.6)555(37.6)
初高中1 126(41.6)507(41.3)619(41.9)
大专、本科及以上415(15.3)113(9.2)302(20.5)
吸烟<0.001
从不1 983(73.3)859(69.9)1 124(76.2)
吸烟或戒烟722(26.7)370(30.1)352(23.8)
饮酒<0.001
从不1 593(58.9)759(61.8)834(56.5)
偶尔702(26.0)268(21.8)434(29.4)
经常410(15.2)202(16.4)208(14.1)
DASH评分22.1±4.221.8±4.222.3±4.1<0.001
体力活动水平22.2±15.920.2±15.523.9±16.0<0.001
抑郁0.008
2 323(86.0)1 031(84.0)1 292(87.6)
379(14.0)196(16.0)183(12.4)
高血压721(26.8)613(49.9)108(7.4)<0.001
糖尿病279(11.2)246(21.8)33(2.4)<0.001
高血脂症902(33.3)700(57.0)202(13.7)<0.001
肥胖458(17.0)401(32.7)57(3.9)<0.001
中风88(3.3)81(6.6)7(0.5)<0.001
肺结核66(2.4)52(4.2)14(0.9)<0.001
慢性肝病108(4.0)89(7.2)19(1.3)<0.001
消化道溃疡67(2.5)58(4.7)9(0.6)<0.001
胆囊炎或胆结石334(12.3)277(22.5)57(3.9)<0.001
风湿性关节炎108(4.0)98(8.0)10(0.7)<0.001
类风湿性关节炎40(1.5)37(3.0)3(0.2)<0.001
椎间盘疾病375(13.9)305(24.8)70(4.7)<0.001
COPD或哮喘173(6.4)142(11.6)31(2.1)<0.001
焦虑43(1.6)36(2.9)7(0.5)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167048077630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156470043460, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association between multimorbidity and new-onset depression

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变量模型0a模型1b模型2c
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
是否共病1.36(1.09~1.69)0.0061.58(1.25~1.99)<0.0011.46(1.13~1.88)0.003
共病数量1.15(1.07~1.24)<0.0011.22(1.13~1.31)<0.0011.19(1.09~1.29)<0.001
共病模式(以模式1为参照)
模式2 1.92(1.21~3.12)0.0071.76(1.09~2.89)0.0221.69(1.01~2.61)
模式3 3.54(1.92~6.51)<0.0013.43(1.80~6.54)<0.0012.90(1.47~ 5.71)
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167165518147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156470043460, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

共病与新发抑郁的关联关系

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变量模型0a模型1b模型2c
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
是否共病1.36(1.09~1.69)0.0061.58(1.25~1.99)<0.0011.46(1.13~1.88)0.003
共病数量1.15(1.07~1.24)<0.0011.22(1.13~1.31)<0.0011.19(1.09~1.29)<0.001
共病模式(以模式1为参照)
模式2 1.92(1.21~3.12)0.0071.76(1.09~2.89)0.0221.69(1.01~2.61)
模式3 3.54(1.92~6.51)<0.0013.43(1.80~6.54)<0.0012.90(1.47~ 5.71)
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基于潜在类别分析的共病模式与新发抑郁症状的纵向关联研究
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陈丹滢 1 , 许欢 1 , 付忠泽 2 , 郭冰 1 , 胡涛 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(12): 2120-2125
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(12): 2120-2125
基于潜在类别分析的共病模式与新发抑郁症状的纵向关联研究
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陈丹滢1, 许欢1, 付忠泽2, 郭冰1 , 胡涛3
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,消化内科
  • 3.国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院预防口腔科
  • 陈丹滢(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生统计方法与应用

通讯作者:

郭冰,E-mail:
A longitudinal association study of multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms based on latent class analysis
Dan-ying CHEN1, Huan XU1, Zhong-ze FU2, Bing GUO1 , Tao HU3
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412368
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目的

探究四川地区社区人群中共病模式与新发抑郁症状之间的关联。

方法

基于西南区域自然人群队列数据,使用潜在类别分析于16种长期疾病中识别共病模式,采用logistic回归模型分析共病状态、共病数量以及特定共病模式与新发抑郁症状的关联;通过分层分析比较这些关联在不同年龄、性别、饮酒频率、吸烟状况和绿地水平亚组内的差异。

结果

共病状态、共病数量与新发抑郁症状风险显著相关,OR值分别为1.46(95% CI: 1.13~1.88)、1.19(1.09~1.29)。相较于高血压共病模式,高脂血症共病模式和代谢及骨骼共病模式与新发抑郁症状相关,OR值为1.69(1.01~2.61)和2.90(1.47~5.71)。

结论

共病状态可能增加抑郁的发病风险,其中,代谢及骨骼共病模式相较于高脂血症共病模式 ,具有更高的抑郁发病风险。

共病  /  共病模式  /  抑郁症状  /  潜在类别分析
Objective

To explore the association between multimorbidity patterns and new-onset depressive symptoms in a community population in Sichuan.

Methods

Based on the follow-up data of a Southwest cohort, multimorbidity patterns were identified among 16 long-term diseases using latent class analysis. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations of multimorbidity status, number of multimorbidity, and specific multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms. Differences in these associations within subgroups of age, sex, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, and level of green space were compared by stratified analyses.

Results

Multimorbidity status and number of multimorbidity were significantly associated with the risk of new-onset depressive symptoms with OR values of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13-1.88) and 1.19 (1.09-1.29), respectively. Compared with hypertension multimorbidity pattern, hyperlipidemia multimorbidity and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity were associated with the risk of depression onset with OR values of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.01-2.61) and 2.90 (95% CI: 1.47-5.71).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity can increase the risk of depression, and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity has a higher risk of depression compared to hyperlipidemic multimorbidity.

Multimorbidity  /  Multimorbidity patterns  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Latent class analysis
陈丹滢, 许欢, 付忠泽, 郭冰, 胡涛. 基于潜在类别分析的共病模式与新发抑郁症状的纵向关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2120 -2125 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412368
Dan-ying CHEN, Huan XU, Zhong-ze FU, Bing GUO, Tao HU. A longitudinal association study of multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms based on latent class analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2120 -2125 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412368
多病共存(Multimorbidity)是指个体同时患有两种或两种以上的长期健康状况[1-2]。随着全球人口老龄化加剧,多病共存的患病率大幅增加[3]。在中国,中老年人慢性病共患率高达72.71%[4],严重增加患者疾病负担、降低生活质量,并可能导致预期寿命缩短。抑郁症作为全球疾病负担的主要疾病之一和全球残疾的主要原因,影响了大约2.8亿人[5]。尽管60岁及以上人群的抑郁症患病率通常较低,但在患有慢性疾病的亚群体中,其患病率却显著高于年轻群体[6]。值得注意的是,共病人群的抑郁症患病率通常远高于普通人群[7]。由于共同的潜在危险因素或病理生理机制,某些慢性疾病通常不会随机聚集。共病模式(Multimorbidity pattern)是通过统计方法得到的关联程度较高的一组疾病[8]。疾病群可能对抑郁产生协同效应,因此深入研究共病模式对于理解共病对抑郁的具体影响至关重要。尽管已有大量研究观察到特定疾病与抑郁症之间的关系,但关于共病以及共病模式与抑郁症之间关系的研究仍然较少,且大多为横断面研究。本研究旨在基于纵向队列数据,深入探讨四川省社区人群的共病模式与抑郁症之间的关系,为临床指南和疾病管理策略的制定提供有力的数据支撑。
本研究数据来源于中国“西南区域自然人群队列”(简称“西南队列”),该队列分别于2018年和2020年采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行了基线调查和随访调查。该队列通过问卷调查的方式,收集参与者的社会人口学特征、生活行为习惯、健康状况等多方面信息。本研究的纳入标准如下:①四川省调查样本;②基线调查时年龄≥30岁;③参加了两次调查者;④基线调查时未出现抑郁症状。排除标准:①两次调查中未完整回答抑郁量表的相关问题;②存在关键协变量数据缺失的个体。经上述标准筛选,共有2 705名研究对象符合初步条件。本研究经四川大学伦理委员会审查并批准(批准号:K2016038),所有调查对象参与调查前均签署知情同意书。
多病共存(又称共病)是指个体同时患有2种或2种以上的长期疾病,这些疾病包括慢性非传染性疾病、长期精神健康状况异常和长期感染性疾病[9]。本研究根据西南队列基线调查数据提取调查对象的共病模式,纳入考量的疾病包括:高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症、肥胖、心脏疾病(包括冠心病、风心病和肺源性心脏)、中风、肺结核、慢性肝病(包括慢性肝炎、肝硬化和脂肪肝)、消化道溃疡、胆囊炎和胆结石、风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、椎间盘疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和哮喘、焦虑。
对于抑郁症状的评估,本研究采用9条目患者健康状况抑郁量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)进行评估。该量表包括9个条目,每个条目采用四级评分制,即从0到3分,总分为0~27分。得分越高,表示抑郁症状的程度越严重。PHQ-9得分≥5分定义为存在抑郁症状[10]。本研究分别计算调查对象在基线和随访调查中的得分,并排除2018年基线调查时已存在抑郁症状的个体,将2020年随访调查中新出现抑郁症状定义为新发抑郁症状。
根据既往文献,本研究协变量包括年龄、性别、民族、家庭收入、教育程度、饮酒吸烟情况、体力活动水平、健康饮食评分、自评健康状况、生活满意度、社会支持、是否失眠、居住地周围绿地面积。其中,体力活动使用代谢当量(Metabolic Equivalent of Task, MET)量化;健康饮食评分根据“停止高血压的饮食法”(DASH饮食)计算[11],包括7种食物:蔬菜、新鲜水果、豆类、全谷物、红色和加工肉类、乳制品和钠盐,总分为 7~35分。住宅周围的绿地面积采用归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)表示,NDVI通过分析可见光和近红外光反射率来衡量植被覆盖情况,取值范围为-1至1,数值越大表示植被覆盖程度越高[12]。所有协变量均在基线调查中收集。
使用R 4.4.0 统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料以均数±标准差表示,计数资料以频数(构成比)表示,根据是否共病将研究对象分为两组,使用student t检验和卡方检验作组间差异性分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究采用潜在类别分析(Latent Class Analysis, LCA)来识别基线调查中具有相似共病模式的人群[13]。LCA依据贝叶斯后验概率来确定个体所属的特定子群。模型适配指标包括:(1)贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、赤池信息准则(AIC)、校正的贝叶斯信息准则(aBIC),这些指标的数值越小,表示模型拟合程度越高;(2)似然比检验指标(LMR)和基于Bootstrap的似然比检验(BLRT),P<0.05表示k类别模型拟合程度优于k-1类别;(3)信息熵(Entrophy),其取值范围为0~1,值越接近于1,分类越精确,当信息熵大于>0.8时,表示分类准确率超过90%。本研究利用R语言的poLCA包进行潜在类别分析,并设定双侧检验水准α=0.05。
本研究根据2020年随访调查问卷数据评估新发抑郁症状,因此无法得到确切发生时间,故采用 logistic 回归模型探究共病与否、共病数量、共病模式与新发抑郁症状的关联。为充分考虑模型结果的稳健性,分别构建3个模型:模型 0为基础模型,仅纳入单个暴露变量;模型1进一步调整了基本的社会人口学特征(年龄、性别、民族、教育程度和家庭收入水平);模型2在模型1的基础上,进一步纳入自评健康状况、生活满意度、社会支持、是否失眠和绿地覆盖水平。
在共病模式与抑郁症状的关联分析中,参与者按年龄(<65岁和≥65 岁)、性别(女性和男性)、饮酒频率(从不、偶尔、经常)、吸烟状况(从不吸烟和吸烟/戒烟)和绿地水平(根据三分位数分为低、中、高覆盖)进行分层,通过在模型中添加分层因子和暴露的交互项,以检验层间效应的潜在差异。
本研究共纳入2 705人,平均年龄为49.62±11.9岁,多病共患率达45.4%。其中,56%为女性,75%为汉族。第一次随访调查时抑郁发病率为14%(379/2 705),共病人群中抑郁发病率为16%,非共病人群中抑郁发病为12%。14类长期疾病的患病率1.5%~33.3%之间。研究对象基本特征详见表1
在共病人群中,48%患有两种长期疾病,28%患有三种长期疾病。根据模型适配指标,共识别出三类共病模式,其LMR和BLRT的P值均<0.05,且Entropy>0.8,同时AIC和BIC在1~6类别模型拟合结果中最小。三类共病模式的潜在类别概率分别为0.405 9、0.475 6和0.118 5。基于每个类别中15种疾病的条件概率(图1),对共病模式的特征进行描述。模式1人群中,高血压患病概率最高称其为“高血压共病”模式;模式2以高脂血症患病概率最高为特征,称其为“高脂血症共病”模式;模式3在椎间盘疾病、风湿性关节炎、高脂血症和高血压的患病概率较高,称为“代谢及骨骼共病”模式。
Logistic单因素回归分析显示,是否共病、共病数量以及共病模式均与新发抑郁症状存在显著相关,具体见表2。在完全调整的模型2中,共病数量的增加与抑郁症状风险的增大呈正相关,其OR值为1.19(95% CI: 1.09~1.29)。以模式1为参照,模式3相对于模式2的新发抑郁症状风险更高,OR值为2.90(1.47~5.71)。
分层分析结果(图2)表明,共病模式和抑郁症状之间的关联受到居住地周围绿地面积的影响。具体而言,随着NDVI值增大,模式2人群的新发抑郁症状风险呈降低趋势;在模式3人群中,高NDVI覆盖的参与者新发抑郁症状风险也有所降低。但未发现年龄、性别、饮酒频率和吸烟状况对这一关联的效应修饰作用。
基于西南队列四川人群数据,本研究探索了共病、共病数量以及共病模式和新发抑郁症状之间的关联。研究结果显示,共病人群以中老年人为主,其中60岁以上老年人的多病共患率为68.8%,40岁以下人群的共病发生率为23%。这说明多病共存不仅仅发生于老年人,在青壮年人群中也不可忽视[6]
Logistic回归分析结果表明,共病人群的抑郁发病率显著高于非共病人群,其抑郁发病风险是非共病人群的1.46倍。此外,共病数量与抑郁发病风险呈正相关关系,患病数量每增加1个,抑郁风险增加1.19倍。这与既往研究结果一致[14-16]。根据WHO调查,与无慢性疾病者相比,至少患一种慢性疾病的患者其抑郁症的患病率更高[17]。此外,一项荟萃分析发现,多病共存人群的抑郁风险是无共病者的两倍以上,与完全健康的人群相比,其风险接近三倍[18]。这可能是因为共病通过引发疼痛、加重症状、导致残疾以及降低生活质量等多种因素,进而诱发抑郁症状[19-21]
本研究使用潜在类别分析识别共病模式,并比较了不同模式下研究对象的患病特征[22]。潜在类别分析方法允许每种疾病在多个个体组成的子群中共存,相比于其他方法,可以更好地反映临床经验[23]。通过潜在类别分析,确定了三种共病模式,分别是“高血压共病”、“高脂血症共病”和“代谢及骨骼共病”。结果显示,以模式1作为参照,模式3人群抑郁发病风险相比于模式2更高,OR值为2.90(1.47~5.71)。这提示肌肉骨骼系统疾病和高脂血症等代谢疾病与抑郁之间可能存在共同的遗传基础和病理机制,或者也可能是由于疾病治疗而引起的抑郁症状发生[7,24-27]。一项关于中国老年人共病模式的研究中共识别出5种共病模式,分别为“心血管代谢性疾病共病”、“骨关节疾病共病”、“心血管代谢性疾病+骨关节疾病共病”、“呼吸系统疾病共病”以及“非特异性共病”[28]。与其相比,本研究采用潜在类别分析方法识别出的共病模式有相似之处,如都识别出代谢与骨骼的共病模式;但本研究未识别出该文提出的“呼吸系统疾病共病”,可能原因是本研究采用的基础调查数据未细分呼吸系统疾病。
本研究存在一定的局限性。首先,患病情况一部分来自调查对象自我报告,因此可能存在回忆偏倚和漏报现象。本研究结合客观体检数据判断调查对象患病情况,一定程度上弥补漏报现象。此外,尽管PHQ-9量表已广泛应用于抑郁症状判别,且被证实具有良好的信效度和区分度,但由于量表回答依赖于个人主观性而非医生临床诊断,仍可能存在错分偏倚。此外,本研究所采用的基础调查所收集的疾病种类主要聚焦大类疾病,没有进一步细分亚类疾病。这也提示今后可进一步与医疗监测系统匹配,以获取更为精确的临床疾病诊断。
综上所述,抑郁症和慢性疾病对整体健康有着累加甚至协同的负面影响[17]。多病共存和抑郁是老龄化社会面临的两个关键挑战。患有抑郁症的共病患者相较于无抑郁症的共病患者,其生活质量显著较差[17],且医疗保健费用高出约 50%[29]。更严重者,因慢性共病的影响,抑郁症患者的预期寿命可能缩短5到10年[30]。鉴于抑郁症管理可以降低由共病和抑郁症共同作用导致的死亡率[31],深入探究共病者患抑郁症的风险显得尤为重要。尽管在共病人群中量化抑郁症风险存在一定的局限性,但这一研究仍为管理多病共存患者提供了宝贵信息,并有助于提升对这一风险严重的认识,进而促进多种疾病患者的抑郁症早期识别与治疗。
  • 国家重点研发计划“西南区域自然人群队列研究”项目(2017YFC0907300)
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2025年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412368
  • 接收时间:2024-12-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-22
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国家重点研发计划“西南区域自然人群队列研究”项目(2017YFC0907300)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,消化内科
    3.国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院预防口腔科

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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