Article(id=1241319156176450102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149426, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149426, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149426, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149426, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2278, endPage=2283, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319159234097862, articleId=1241319156176450102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and female infertility: a two-sample and mediation Mendelian randomization study, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and female infertility using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method and to determine the role of blood metabolites as potential mediators.

Methods

Gut microbiota data from 18 340 participants in 24 cohorts published by the MiBioGen Consortium, blood metabolite data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) cohort and Finnish R10 database on female infertility were used. The inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression method were used to investigate the causal relationship between 211 gut microbiota and 1 091 blood metabolites with female infertility. A two-step Mendelian randomization method was used to explore the potential mediating role of blood metabolites between gut microbiota and female infertility.

Results

IVW results showed that 2 phyla, 1 class, 2 orders, 2 families, 12 genera of known gut microbiota were significantly causally associated with the female infertility. Among them, genus Lachnospira (OR=0.589, 95% CI: 0.361-0.961, P=0.035), genus Ruminococcus torques group (OR=0.756, 95% CI: 0.613-0.923, P=0.007), etc. showed a significant negative correlation with female infertility. Order Burkholderiales (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062-1.284, P=0.001), genus Coprococcu2 (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062-1.297, P=0.002), etc. showed a significant positive correlation with female infertility. Mediation analysis revealed that five blood metabolites could mediate the relationship between five gut microbiota and female infertility.

Conclusion

This study indicates that certain blood metabolites can mediate the relationship between gut microbiota and female infertility. Further investigations are warranted to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

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目的

基于孟德尔随机化(MR)方法来探讨肠道菌群与女性不孕之间的潜在因果关系并确定血液代谢物作为潜在介质的作用。

方法

使用MiBioGen联盟发表的来自24个队列18 340名参与者的肠道菌群数据,加拿大老龄化纵向研究(CLSA)队列的血液代谢物数据和芬兰R10数据库关于女性不孕的GWAS汇总数据。采用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归法来研究211种肠道菌群以及1 091个血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的因果关系。通过两步孟德尔随机化方法探究血液代谢物在肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥的潜在中介作用。

结果

IVW结果显示2门、1纲、2目、2科、12属肠道微生物分类群与女性不孕的发病存在显著的因果关联。其中毛螺菌属(genus Lachnospira)(OR=0.589, 95% CI:0.361~0.961,P=0.035),瘤胃球菌属(genus Ruminococcus torques group)(OR=0.756, 95% CI: 0.613~0.923,P=0.007)等表现出与女性不孕显著的负相关关系。伯克氏菌目(order Burkholderiales)(OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062~1.284,P=0.001),粪球菌属2(genus Coprococcu2)(OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062~1.297,P=0.002)等表现出与女性不孕显著的正相关关系。通过中介分析发现5种血液代谢物分别能够在5种肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥中介作用。

结论

本研究分析确定部分血液代谢物能够在肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥中介作用,有必要进一步调查以探索这些关联的潜在机制。

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刘振谧,E-mail:
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杨梦涵(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健学

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Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2021, 19(1): 143., articleTitle=UHPLC-MS-MS analysis of oxylipins metabolomics components of follicular fluid in infertile individuals with diminished ovarian reserve, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319160765018933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160769213238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, companyId=1241319160765018933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160777601847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, companyId=1241319160765018933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319166993559596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Forest plots showed the causal associations between gut microbiota and female infertility, figureFileSmall=+WIw/mHxnlBXTmOrj8UMSg==, figureFileBig=Pktixv/R6fOu5cB7P5oImw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167064862771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=CN, label=图1, caption=肠道菌群与女性不孕的因果关系森林图

注:MR估计来自于UVMR分析中的IVW方法。数据以β系数(log(OR))及其95% CI表示。CI:置信区间;OR:优势比;SNPs:单核苷酸多态性。

, figureFileSmall=+WIw/mHxnlBXTmOrj8UMSg==, figureFileBig=Pktixv/R6fOu5cB7P5oImw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167291355194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The causal relationship between blood metabolites and female infertility, figureFileSmall=dqrYVb6gYpliXE1eykljqA==, figureFileBig=m/O64dXTr8UKypCFpdxJug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167404601408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=CN, label=图2, caption=血液代谢物与女性不孕的因果关系

注:MR估计来自于UVMR分析中的IVW方法。每一列的高度表示β系数(log (OR))的绝对值。

, figureFileSmall=dqrYVb6gYpliXE1eykljqA==, figureFileBig=m/O64dXTr8UKypCFpdxJug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167551402052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Causal relationships between gut microbiota and blood metabolites, figureFileSmall=2Nxlh4DK0Asuw45Fl7hs6g==, figureFileBig=+SKrHiitjCAC6pxXTIolSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167681425484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=CN, label=图3, caption=肠道菌群与血液代谢物的因果关系

注:MR估计值来自于UVMR中的IVW方法。*表示P < 0.05,无*表示说明不存在因果关系,方块颜色深浅表示β效应值绝对值的大小,β效应值的绝对值越接近0,颜色越接近白色。

, figureFileSmall=2Nxlh4DK0Asuw45Fl7hs6g==, figureFileBig=+SKrHiitjCAC6pxXTIolSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167786283089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Mediating role of blood metabolites between gut microbiota and female infertility, figureFileSmall=PvPBlABn03UCFoU0k12wog==, figureFileBig=NUQoHbhf8j3XnJpQe5WAOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167916306524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319156176450102, language=CN, label=图4, caption=血液代谢物在肠道菌群与女性不孕之间的中介作用

注:MR估计值分别来自UVMR和MVMR分析中IVW方法。效应值以β值及其95%置信区间表示。菱形方块表示β值,条形表示中介比例。

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肠道菌群、血液代谢物与女性不孕:一项双样本和中介孟德尔随机化分析
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杨梦涵 , 张璐 , 金馨 , 罗小利 , 刘振谧
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(12): 2278-2283
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(12): 2278-2283
肠道菌群、血液代谢物与女性不孕:一项双样本和中介孟德尔随机化分析
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杨梦涵, 张璐, 金馨, 罗小利, 刘振谧
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 杨梦涵(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健学

通讯作者:

刘振谧,E-mail:
Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and female infertility: a two-sample and mediation Mendelian randomization study
Meng-han YANG, Lu ZHANG, Xin JIN, Xiao-li LUO, Zhen-mi LIU
Affiliations
  • Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501213
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目的

基于孟德尔随机化(MR)方法来探讨肠道菌群与女性不孕之间的潜在因果关系并确定血液代谢物作为潜在介质的作用。

方法

使用MiBioGen联盟发表的来自24个队列18 340名参与者的肠道菌群数据,加拿大老龄化纵向研究(CLSA)队列的血液代谢物数据和芬兰R10数据库关于女性不孕的GWAS汇总数据。采用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归法来研究211种肠道菌群以及1 091个血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的因果关系。通过两步孟德尔随机化方法探究血液代谢物在肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥的潜在中介作用。

结果

IVW结果显示2门、1纲、2目、2科、12属肠道微生物分类群与女性不孕的发病存在显著的因果关联。其中毛螺菌属(genus Lachnospira)(OR=0.589, 95% CI:0.361~0.961,P=0.035),瘤胃球菌属(genus Ruminococcus torques group)(OR=0.756, 95% CI: 0.613~0.923,P=0.007)等表现出与女性不孕显著的负相关关系。伯克氏菌目(order Burkholderiales)(OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062~1.284,P=0.001),粪球菌属2(genus Coprococcu2)(OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062~1.297,P=0.002)等表现出与女性不孕显著的正相关关系。通过中介分析发现5种血液代谢物分别能够在5种肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥中介作用。

结论

本研究分析确定部分血液代谢物能够在肠道菌群与女性不孕之间发挥中介作用,有必要进一步调查以探索这些关联的潜在机制。

肠道菌群  /  血液代谢物  /  女性不孕  /  因果关系  /  中介分析
Objective

To explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and female infertility using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method and to determine the role of blood metabolites as potential mediators.

Methods

Gut microbiota data from 18 340 participants in 24 cohorts published by the MiBioGen Consortium, blood metabolite data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) cohort and Finnish R10 database on female infertility were used. The inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression method were used to investigate the causal relationship between 211 gut microbiota and 1 091 blood metabolites with female infertility. A two-step Mendelian randomization method was used to explore the potential mediating role of blood metabolites between gut microbiota and female infertility.

Results

IVW results showed that 2 phyla, 1 class, 2 orders, 2 families, 12 genera of known gut microbiota were significantly causally associated with the female infertility. Among them, genus Lachnospira (OR=0.589, 95% CI: 0.361-0.961, P=0.035), genus Ruminococcus torques group (OR=0.756, 95% CI: 0.613-0.923, P=0.007), etc. showed a significant negative correlation with female infertility. Order Burkholderiales (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062-1.284, P=0.001), genus Coprococcu2 (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.062-1.297, P=0.002), etc. showed a significant positive correlation with female infertility. Mediation analysis revealed that five blood metabolites could mediate the relationship between five gut microbiota and female infertility.

Conclusion

This study indicates that certain blood metabolites can mediate the relationship between gut microbiota and female infertility. Further investigations are warranted to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

Gut microbiota  /  Blood metabolites  /  Female infertility  /  Causality  /  Mediation analysis
杨梦涵, 张璐, 金馨, 罗小利, 刘振谧. 肠道菌群、血液代谢物与女性不孕:一项双样本和中介孟德尔随机化分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2278 -2283 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501213
Meng-han YANG, Lu ZHANG, Xin JIN, Xiao-li LUO, Zhen-mi LIU. Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and female infertility: a two-sample and mediation Mendelian randomization study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2278 -2283 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501213
女性不孕(Female infertility, FI)是生殖领域的一项巨大挑战。在全球范围内有8-12%的育龄夫妇遭遇不孕症[1]。先前的研究发现,肠道菌群和血液代谢物在女性不孕中发挥关键作用。Komiya等人将18名有生育能力的女性与18名患有不孕症女性的肠道微生物种类进行对比,发现两组人群在肠道菌群种类与水平之间都存在显著的差异[2]。具体来说,与具有生育能力的女性组相比,不孕组巴氏菌科和考拉杆菌属水平较高,而链球菌属和罗氏菌属水平较低。另外,一项系统综述总结了大约70种与生殖性疾病相关的代谢物[3],提示代谢物可能与生殖系统的发生发展存在密切的关系。然而关于肠道菌群、血液代谢物和女性不孕之间的相互关联的全面证据仍然有限。此外,观察性研究得出的因果推论会受到混杂因素和反向因果的干扰,存在一定偏倚。
全基因组关联研究和孟德尔随机化方法的发展为解决这些空白提供了新的机会。采用GWAS汇总统计数据,双样本MR方法可以利用单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为工具变量(Instrumental variable,IV)来推断因果关系,从而避免混杂因素和反向因果等相关问题。多变量孟德尔随机化(Multivariate Mendelian randomization,MVMR)和两步孟德尔随机化分析(Two-step Mendelian randomization,TSMR)能够识别这些因果通路中的潜在介质。因此,通过利用肠道菌群、血液代谢物、女性不孕的GWAS汇总统计数据,旨在重新探索肠道菌群和血液代谢物与女性不孕的因果关系并进一步的阐明血液代谢物在其中发挥的潜在中介作用,为治疗女性不孕提供潜在的治疗靶点。
首先,利用单变量MR(UVMR)分析,探究肠道菌群与女性不孕以及血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的潜在因果关系,从而确定与女性不孕存在显著意义的肠道菌群和血液代谢物种类。接着,利用第一步分析结果中与女性不孕存在显著意义的肠道菌群与血液代谢物,通过UVMR分析筛选与肠道菌群和女性不孕同时相关的血液代谢物。最后,通过MVMR和TSMR分析,确定发挥潜在中介作用的血液代谢物。
肠道菌群数据来自MiBioGen联盟[4],包括来自24个队列的18 340名个体。通过靶向16S rRNA基因的三个可变区域来分析微生物组成。通过P<1×10-5的全基因组显著性阈值和去除连锁不平衡(r2<0.001,kb=10 000)来确定肠道菌群相关SNP。最终,共鉴定出与211个肠道菌群相关的2 205个SNP(见附表S1)。使用由Chen等人进行的样本量最大的血液代谢物GWAS[5],来自加拿大老龄化纵向研究(CLSA)队列的8 299名欧洲血统参与者被纳入研究,包括1 091种血液代谢物和309种代谢物比率。1 091种代谢物中,850种被确定并归类为8个代谢组,包括脂质、氨基酸、核苷酸、辅因子、维生素、碳水化合物、外源性物质、肽和能量。将全基因组显著性阈值P<4.58×10 -11P<1.62×10 -10的SNP作为血液代谢物和比率的工具变量(见附表S2)。结局数据来自芬兰R10数据库中女性不孕的GWAS数据,包括14 759例病例和111 583例对照的欧洲参与者。
文中使用的汇总数据均来源于已获伦理批准的公共数据,因此不需要单独的伦理批准。
通过UVMR分析[6],探究肠道菌群和血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的因果关系,并进一步筛选具有潜在中介作用的血液代谢物。在分析之前,使用F统计值来评估IVs的强度,F < 10的IVs被认为是弱工具变量,被排除在分析之外。F值计算公式如下:F=[(N-K-1)/KR2/(1-R2)。R2为SNP解释的暴露方差,N为暴露数据中样本数量,K为SNP的个数。R2计算公式如下:R2=2×β2×EAF×(1-EAF)/2×β2 ×EAF×(1-EAF)+SE2×2×N×EAF×(1-EAF)。其中EAF为效应等位基因频率,β为等位基因效应值,SE为标准差。本研究对大于3个IVs的情况,使用逆方差加权(IVW)分析作为主要分析方法,加权中位数法和MR-Egger回归作为补充方法[7-8]。对于具有2~3个IVs的情况,使用固定效应的逆方差加权分析作为主要分析方法。对于单个IV的情况,使用Wald比率检验进行分析。P<0.05表明存在统计学意义的因果关系。使用Cochran’s Q统计量来评估不同SNP与表型效应的异质性和MR-Egger intercept来检验水平多效性[9]。MR-Egger截距项的P值和Q统计量的P值大于0.05表明不存在水平多效性和异质性。
为了确定特定血液代谢物对女性不孕的独立因果影响,采用MVMR分析来估计不受肠道菌群影响的血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的直接作用。使用IVW作为主要分析方法,将暴露和中介的遗传变异作为IV纳入分析,P<0.05认为是显著的。TSMR分析用于评估血液代谢物在肠道菌群与女性不孕因果路径中的作用。首先,利用UVMR分析的结果估计遗传决定的肠道菌群对每种血液代谢物的因果效应(β1);然后,利用MVMR分析的结果估计不受肠道菌群影响的每种血液代谢物对女性不孕的直接因果效应(β2)。最后,通过系数乘积法评估中介效应(β1×β2),通过将中介效应除以肠道菌群对女性不孕的总效应(α),计算中介比例(β1×β2/α),并使用多元delta法推导中介效应的标准误差。
所有的分析均使用R 4.1.1中的主要软件包“TwoSampleMR”和“MVMR”进行分析。
通过肠道菌群与女性不孕之间的UVMR分析,IVW分析结果显示存在2门、1纲、2目、2科、12属(其中一种未知)肠道微生物分类群与女性不孕之间存在显著的因果关系(图1)。其中1门、2科、9属表现出与女性不孕的负相关关系,表明其能够降低女性不孕的发病风险。毛螺菌属(genus Lachnospira)(βIVW=-0.53, 95% CI: -1.02~-0.04,P=0.0349)表现出与女性不孕最显著的负相关关系,其次是瘤胃球菌属(genus Ruminococcus torques group)(βIVW=-0.28, 95% CI: -0.49~-0.08,P=0.0069)。而其中1门、1纲、2目、3属表现出与女性不孕的正相关关系,表明其能够增加女性不孕的发病风险。伯克氏菌目(order Burkholderiales)(βIVW=0.16, 95% CI: 0.06~0.25,P=0.0010)和粪球菌属2(genus Coprococcu2)(βIVW=0.16, 95% CI: 0.06~0.26,P=0.0019)表现出最显著的正相关关系。其次是β-变形菌纲(class Betaproteobacteria)(βIVW=0.14, 95% CI: 0.04~0.23,P=0.0047)。加权中位数和MR-Egger回归方法的结果显示影响方向一致(见附表3)。MR-Egger截距检验未显示显著的水平多效性,Cochran’s Q检验显示IVW结果之间没有显著的异质性(P值大于0.05)(见附表4)。
对于血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的UVMR分析,IVW分析结果显示54种血液代谢物和14种代谢物比率对女性不孕具有显著影响(图2)。其中24种表现出与女性不孕的负相关关系,而其中44种表现出与女性不孕的正相关关系。加权中位数和MR-Egger回归方法的结果显示影响方向一致(见附表5)。MR-Egger截距检验未显示显著的水平多效性(P值大于0.05),Cochran’s Q检验显示IVW结果之间没有显著的异质性(P值大于0.05)(见附表6和7)。
将具有显著意义的20种肠道菌群和68种血液代谢物进行UVMR分析,从而进一步筛选出具有潜在中介作用的血液代谢物,IVW结果显示,与20种肠道菌群相关的候选血液代谢物介质的数量分别从1到15个不等(图3)。其中候选介质最多的是普雷沃氏菌属(genus Paraprevotella),有15种血液代谢与其存在相关关系。其余的介于1到12个候选介质之间。
通过MVMR分析来验证UVMR分析中发现的血液代谢物的中介作用,并计算中介作用的间接效应(β1×β2)和中介作用比例(β1×β2/α))。结果表明,5种血液代谢物在肠道微生物群与女性不孕的关联中发挥了重要的中介作用(图4)。其中发挥中介作用比例从高到低分别为19.01%,17.03%,8.51%,6.42%,5.49%。
本研究广泛探索了肠道菌群、血液代谢物与女性不孕之间的相互作用,确定了2门、1纲、2目、2科、12属肠道微生物分类群与女性不孕存在因果关系。进一步的中介分析揭示了5种血液代谢物在肠道菌群与女性不孕中发挥潜在的中介作用。这是首次调查血液代谢物是否可能作为肠道菌群与女性不孕之间潜在介质的研究,为女性不孕疾病的机制研究指明了方向。
女性不孕症的原因,包括卵巢早衰、子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征等。多项研究表明肠道菌群失调与这几种造成女性不孕疾病的发生发展密切相关。其中,卵巢早衰是指女性在40岁之前卵巢功能提前衰退,会导致闭经和不孕等症状。蒋玲玲等人的研究发现特发性卵巢早衰与较高的拟杆菌门和较低的厚壁菌门丰度有关[10]。子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是导致育龄期女性不孕的常见疾病之一,在先前的研究中发现,患有子宫内膜异位症的雌性动物模型中肠道菌群的丰度发生了变化。Ni等人通过观察腹膜内注射子宫碎片的EMS小鼠模型发现,EMS小鼠肠道菌群的多样性和丰度降低[11]。另外,多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)因会引起女性月经不规律而通常伴有排卵障碍,使其成为导致无排卵性不孕最常见的内分泌疾病。PCOS与肠道菌群的关系也被广泛研究,有研究指出肠道微生物群的结构紊乱会损害肠粘膜的完整性,降低肠道屏障功能并引发全身性慢性炎症,进而导致内分泌和代谢紊乱,从而诱发PCOS的发生并影响生育能力[12]
先前多项研究通过孟德尔随机化方法探讨了肠道菌群与女性不孕之间的因果关联[13-16]。除了与前期研究结果一致,证实了瘤胃球菌属,十三家族AD3011群, 和瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群对女性不孕具有保护作用,而黏胶球形菌门,β-变形菌纲,伯克氏菌目,粪球菌属2型,脱硫弧菌属对女性不孕具有不利作用之外,本研究还发现另外1纲、2科、5属能够降低女性不孕的发病风险和1目、2属能够增加女性不孕的风险。究其原因可能是本研究使用来自FinnGen联盟关于女性不孕结局最新版本的GWAS数据,样本量更大,分析的遗传变异和疾病终点(表型)的数量更多的缘故。
本研究通过中介分析发现,血液代谢物如十四烷二脂酸、十六烷二脂酸、β-羟基异戊酸和3-甲基谷氨酰胺在肠道菌群与女性不孕症之间可能发挥中介作用。肠道菌群能够参与十四烷二脂酸、十六烷二脂酸代谢产生丙酮酸,丙酮酸作为能量代谢的关键中间产物可能通过影响卵母细胞的能量供应或线粒体功能,进而影响女性生育能力[17-18]。另外,肠道菌群能够通过代谢支链氨基酸(如亮氨酸)参与宿主的氨基酸代谢过程[19]。β-羟基异戊酸和3-甲基谷氨酰胺作为氨基酸代谢的产物则可能通过调节炎症反应或氧化应激水平,间接影响子宫内膜环境或卵泡发育[20-22]。这些发现提示,肠道菌群可能通过代谢产物影响血液代谢物水平,进而对女性生殖健康产生不利影响。未来的研究可以通过细胞代谢组学和动物实验进一步验证这些代谢物的具体作用机制。此外,这些代谢物可能作为女性不孕症的潜在生物标志物,用于临床诊断和个性化治疗。例如,通过调节肠道菌群(如益生菌或益生元的使用)来改善血液代谢物水平,从而改善女性生育能力。
本研究存在一定的局限性。首先,为了减少由于种族多样性而产生偏见的可能性,研究仅限于欧洲血统的参与者,需要通过纳入更多样化的人群以提高研究结果对其他种族群体的普遍性。其次,由于肠道菌群的数据是来自不同国家的24个队列数据集,不同队列之间的环境因素可能会产生异质性,SNP的异质性和水平多效性的存在可能会导致潜在的偏倚,影响结果的稳健性。同时,尽管初步研究发现了20种显著的肠道菌群,但经过Bonferroni和FDR校正后,显著性结果都不再显著。这表明在多重比较的背景下,这些初步显著的结果可能包含较多的假阳性,提示应该更加谨慎地进行结果的解释。最后,本研究关于血液代谢物的一些发现在之前的研究中没有报道过,需要更多其他研究的验证。
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2025年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501213
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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