Article(id=1241319155840905754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409414, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727020800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149347, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149347, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149347, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2265, endPage=2271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319156285502010, articleId=1241319155840905754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction and validation of a prediction model for high-risk sexual behavior among people aged 50 and above in rural areas, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct and validate a prediction model for high-risk sexual behaviors among rural residents aged 50 and above, in order to achieve early identification of high-risk groups and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of precise intervention measures.

Methods

From February to April 2024, 50-year-old and above permanent residents were conveniently sampled in rural areas of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province as the modeling group. From May to June, residents of the same age group were selected in rural areas of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture using the same method as the validation group. LASSO regression was used to screen variables, and then Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the screened variables. Variables with a P value less than 0.05 were used to construct a prediction model, and its predictive performance was evaluated.

Results

The incidence rate of high-risk sexual behavior in this study was 28.52% (154/540).The predictive model included five predictive factors: gender, sexual behavior under the influence of alcohol, history of sexually transmitted disease infection, having a regular sexual partner, and social support, providing a scientific basis for the prediction of high-risk sexual behavior. The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model in the modeling group and the validation group was 0.940(95% CI:0.914-0.965) and 0.971(95% CI:0.951-0.992), respectively. The calibration curves showed good consistency, and the P values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were all greater than 0.05.The DCA had high positive yield between 1%-93% and 2%-98%, respectively.

Conclusion

The prediction model based on LASSO-Logistic regression analysis demonstrated good predictive performance and potential for practical application.

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目的

构建并验证农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为预测模型,以实现高风险人群的早期识别,为精准干预措施的制定提供科学依据。

方法

2024年2~4月于四川省泸州市农村地区便利抽样选取50岁及以上常住居民作为建模组,5~6月于凉山彝族自治州农村地区以相同方法选取同年龄段居民为验证组。采用LASSO回归筛选变量,再对筛选出的变量进行logistic回归分析,以P值小于0.05的变量构建预测模型,并评估其预测效能。

结果

本研究高危性行为发生率为28.52%(154/540)。预测模型包括5个预测因素:性别、酒后性行为、性传播疾病感染史、固定性伴和社会支持,为高危性行为的预测提供了科学依据。预测模型在建模组和验证组中的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.940(95% CI:0.914~0.965)与0.971(95% CI:0.951~0.992);校准曲线均显示出较好的一致性,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P值均>0.05;DCA分别在1%~93%和2%~98%之间时均有较高的正收益率。

结论

基于LASSO-Logistic回归分析构建的预测模型显示出较好的预测效能和应用潜力。

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陈燕华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AHy4i5ocHSxW14PuWV/Vng==, magXml=nY298KnDm/SXDH2/NYP+Jw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0N00gpqiMVwTMwi0VSLYCw==, pdfFileSize=1102020, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KIRTMtL248r3pL0ZkPSZWQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LO81vXuB8Bot0Pz9LVRuQA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马李(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病管理与教育

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马李(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病管理与教育

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马李(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病管理与教育

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Characteristics of high-risk sexual behaviors before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly People living with human immunodeficiency virus[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2022, 38(7): 928-933. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Characteristics of high-risk sexual behaviors before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly People living with human immunodeficiency virus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175902261565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=99, issue=3, pageStart=173, pageEnd=179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Khan J, Greaves E, Tanton C, journalName=Infections Sexually Transmitted, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khan J, Greaves E, Tanton C, et al. Sexual behaviours and sexual health among middle-aged and older adults in Britain[J]. Infections Sexually Transmitted, 2023, 99(3): 173-179., articleTitle=Sexual behaviours and sexual health among middle-aged and older adults in Britain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175990341951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=1807, pageEnd=1814, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=马平, 廖龙玉, 张容静, journalName=广西医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马平,廖龙玉,张容静,等.广西农村老年人发生艾滋病相关高危性行为的影响因素[J].广西医学2024,46(12):1807-1814., articleTitle=广西农村老年人发生艾滋病相关高危性行为的影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176065839426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=1807, pageEnd=1814, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Ma P, Liao LY, Zhang RJ, journalName=Guangxi Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma P, Liao LY, Zhang RJ, et al. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Influencing factors for the occurrence of AIDS-related high-risk sexual behavior of the rural elderly in Guangxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176149725510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=278, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=孟繁文, 赵文静, 王丹晖, journalName=中国艾滋病性病, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟繁文,赵文静,王丹晖,等.基于IMB模型的广西农村老年人艾滋病高危行为同伴教育干预效果比较分析[J].中国艾滋病性病2025,31(3):278-282., articleTitle=基于IMB模型的广西农村老年人艾滋病高危行为同伴教育干预效果比较分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176225222983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=278, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Meng FW, Zhao WJ, Wang DH, journalName=Chinese Journal of AIDS and STDs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng FW, Zhao WJ, Wang DH, et al. Comparative analysis of the effect of peer education intervention on HIV risk behaviors among rural elderly in Guangxi based on the IMB model[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS and STDs, 2025, 31(3): 278-282. 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figureFileBig=EGELTF1poyEr6W05LfzNNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319171842175186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of general characteristics between the modeling group and the validation group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量建模组(n=373)验证组(n=167)统计量P
年龄[岁,n(%)]1.478a0.687
50~59192(51.47)81(48.50)
60~6988(23.59)47(28.14)
70~7968(18.23)30(17.97)
≥8025(6.71)9(5.39)
性别[n(%)]1.105a0.293
男性185(49.60)91(54.49)
女性188(50.40)76(45.51)
性取向[n(%)]4.451c0.112
异性恋364(97.59)157(94.02)
同性恋5(1.34)5(2.99)
双性恋4(1.07)5(2.99)
文化程度[n(%)]1.087a0.780
未接受教育124(33.24)58(34.73)
小学143(38.34)68(40.72)
初中68(18.23)28(16.77)
高中或中专及以上38(10.19)13(7.78)
婚姻状况[n(%)]0.307a0.580
未婚/离异/丧偶178(47.72)84(50.30)
已婚195(52.28)83(49.70)
居住情况[n(%)]2.972a0.396
独居101(27.08)51(30.54)
仅与配偶125(33.51)57(34.13)
与配偶及子女81(21.72)26(15.57)
仅与子女66(17.69)33(19.76)
个人月收入[元,n(%)]2.982a0.561
≤50091(24.40)49(29.34)
501~1 000111(29.76)54(32.34)
1 001~3 00089(23.86)35(20.96)
3 001~5 00041(10.99)15(8.98)
>5 00041(10.99)14(8.38)
职业[n(%)]0.461a0.977
无业119(31.90)51(30.54)
农民141(37.80)67(40.12)
工人67(17.96)29(17.36)
个体户18(4.83)9(5.39)
其他28(7.51)11(6.59)
外出务工史[n(%)]0.755a0.385
238(63.81)113(67.66)
135(36.19)54(32.34)
艾滋病相关知识情况[分,M(P25,P75)]4.00(2.00,6.00)4.00(2.00,6.00)-1.294b0.196
酒后性行为[n(%)]4.015a0.045
250(67.02)97(58.08)
123(32.98)70(41.92)
使用助性药物[n(%)]0.100a0.752
363(97.32)164(98.20)
10(2.68)3(1.80)
固定性伴[n(%)]1.459a0.227
189(50.67)94(56.29)
184(49.33)73(43.71)
性传播疾病感染史[n(%)]0.077a0.782
314(84.18)139(83.23)
59(15.82)28(16.77)
使用毒品[n(%)]1.963a0.161
365(97.86)159(95.21)
8(2.14)8(4.79)
性伴性传播疾病感染情况[n(%)]1.443a0.486
未感染196(52.55)79(47.31)
感染71(19.03)33(19.76)
不知道106(28.42)55(32.93)
孤独感[分,M(P25,P75)]4.00(2.00,6.00)4.00(2.00,7.00)-0.736b0.462
社会支持[分,M(P25,P75)]40.00(33.00,45.00)38.00(31.00,43.00)-2.106b0.035
), ArticleFig(id=1241319171951227093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

建模组与验证组一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量建模组(n=373)验证组(n=167)统计量P
年龄[岁,n(%)]1.478a0.687
50~59192(51.47)81(48.50)
60~6988(23.59)47(28.14)
70~7968(18.23)30(17.97)
≥8025(6.71)9(5.39)
性别[n(%)]1.105a0.293
男性185(49.60)91(54.49)
女性188(50.40)76(45.51)
性取向[n(%)]4.451c0.112
异性恋364(97.59)157(94.02)
同性恋5(1.34)5(2.99)
双性恋4(1.07)5(2.99)
文化程度[n(%)]1.087a0.780
未接受教育124(33.24)58(34.73)
小学143(38.34)68(40.72)
初中68(18.23)28(16.77)
高中或中专及以上38(10.19)13(7.78)
婚姻状况[n(%)]0.307a0.580
未婚/离异/丧偶178(47.72)84(50.30)
已婚195(52.28)83(49.70)
居住情况[n(%)]2.972a0.396
独居101(27.08)51(30.54)
仅与配偶125(33.51)57(34.13)
与配偶及子女81(21.72)26(15.57)
仅与子女66(17.69)33(19.76)
个人月收入[元,n(%)]2.982a0.561
≤50091(24.40)49(29.34)
501~1 000111(29.76)54(32.34)
1 001~3 00089(23.86)35(20.96)
3 001~5 00041(10.99)15(8.98)
>5 00041(10.99)14(8.38)
职业[n(%)]0.461a0.977
无业119(31.90)51(30.54)
农民141(37.80)67(40.12)
工人67(17.96)29(17.36)
个体户18(4.83)9(5.39)
其他28(7.51)11(6.59)
外出务工史[n(%)]0.755a0.385
238(63.81)113(67.66)
135(36.19)54(32.34)
艾滋病相关知识情况[分,M(P25,P75)]4.00(2.00,6.00)4.00(2.00,6.00)-1.294b0.196
酒后性行为[n(%)]4.015a0.045
250(67.02)97(58.08)
123(32.98)70(41.92)
使用助性药物[n(%)]0.100a0.752
363(97.32)164(98.20)
10(2.68)3(1.80)
固定性伴[n(%)]1.459a0.227
189(50.67)94(56.29)
184(49.33)73(43.71)
性传播疾病感染史[n(%)]0.077a0.782
314(84.18)139(83.23)
59(15.82)28(16.77)
使用毒品[n(%)]1.963a0.161
365(97.86)159(95.21)
8(2.14)8(4.79)
性伴性传播疾病感染情况[n(%)]1.443a0.486
未感染196(52.55)79(47.31)
感染71(19.03)33(19.76)
不知道106(28.42)55(32.93)
孤独感[分,M(P25,P75)]4.00(2.00,6.00)4.00(2.00,7.00)-0.736b0.462
社会支持[分,M(P25,P75)]40.00(33.00,45.00)38.00(31.00,43.00)-2.106b0.035
), ArticleFig(id=1241319172022530266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of high-risk sexual behaviors among rural populations aged 50 and above

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWald χ2POR(95% CI
性别(ref:男)
女性-1.36211.689<0.0010.256(0.117~0.559)
酒后性行为(ref:无)
1.22210.5640.0013.396(1.625~7.097)
固定性伴(ref:无)
-1.69712.872<0.0010.183(0.072~0.463)
性传播疾病感染史(ref:无)
2.70929.443<0.00115.009(5.642~39.925)
社会支持-0.14827.939<0.0010.862(0.816~0.911)
常量4.55720.643<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241319172106416350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155840905754, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWald χ2POR(95% CI
性别(ref:男)
女性-1.36211.689<0.0010.256(0.117~0.559)
酒后性行为(ref:无)
1.22210.5640.0013.396(1.625~7.097)
固定性伴(ref:无)
-1.69712.872<0.0010.183(0.072~0.463)
性传播疾病感染史(ref:无)
2.70929.443<0.00115.009(5.642~39.925)
社会支持-0.14827.939<0.0010.862(0.816~0.911)
常量4.55720.643<0.001
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农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为预测模型的构建与验证
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马李 1 , 张范波 3 , 毛弦筠 1 , 谭丹 1 , 代凤玲 1 , 范颂 4 , 陈燕华 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025,52(12): 2265-2271
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025, 52(12): 2265-2271
农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为预测模型的构建与验证
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马李1, 张范波3, 毛弦筠1, 谭丹1, 代凤玲1, 范颂4, 陈燕华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西南医科大学护理学院,四川 泸州 646000
  • 2.西南医科大学附属医院护理部
  • 3.泸州市人民医院泌尿外科
  • 4.西南医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 马李(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:艾滋病管理与教育

通讯作者:

陈燕华,E-mail:
Construction and validation of a prediction model for high-risk sexual behavior among people aged 50 and above in rural areas
Li MA1, Fan-bo ZHANG3, Xian-jun MAO1, Dan TAN1, Feng-ling DAI1, Song FAN4, Yan-hua CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409414
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目的

构建并验证农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为预测模型,以实现高风险人群的早期识别,为精准干预措施的制定提供科学依据。

方法

2024年2~4月于四川省泸州市农村地区便利抽样选取50岁及以上常住居民作为建模组,5~6月于凉山彝族自治州农村地区以相同方法选取同年龄段居民为验证组。采用LASSO回归筛选变量,再对筛选出的变量进行logistic回归分析,以P值小于0.05的变量构建预测模型,并评估其预测效能。

结果

本研究高危性行为发生率为28.52%(154/540)。预测模型包括5个预测因素:性别、酒后性行为、性传播疾病感染史、固定性伴和社会支持,为高危性行为的预测提供了科学依据。预测模型在建模组和验证组中的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.940(95% CI:0.914~0.965)与0.971(95% CI:0.951~0.992);校准曲线均显示出较好的一致性,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P值均>0.05;DCA分别在1%~93%和2%~98%之间时均有较高的正收益率。

结论

基于LASSO-Logistic回归分析构建的预测模型显示出较好的预测效能和应用潜力。

农村  /  50岁及以上人群  /  高危性行为  /  预测模型
Objective

To construct and validate a prediction model for high-risk sexual behaviors among rural residents aged 50 and above, in order to achieve early identification of high-risk groups and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of precise intervention measures.

Methods

From February to April 2024, 50-year-old and above permanent residents were conveniently sampled in rural areas of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province as the modeling group. From May to June, residents of the same age group were selected in rural areas of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture using the same method as the validation group. LASSO regression was used to screen variables, and then Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the screened variables. Variables with a P value less than 0.05 were used to construct a prediction model, and its predictive performance was evaluated.

Results

The incidence rate of high-risk sexual behavior in this study was 28.52% (154/540).The predictive model included five predictive factors: gender, sexual behavior under the influence of alcohol, history of sexually transmitted disease infection, having a regular sexual partner, and social support, providing a scientific basis for the prediction of high-risk sexual behavior. The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model in the modeling group and the validation group was 0.940(95% CI:0.914-0.965) and 0.971(95% CI:0.951-0.992), respectively. The calibration curves showed good consistency, and the P values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were all greater than 0.05.The DCA had high positive yield between 1%-93% and 2%-98%, respectively.

Conclusion

The prediction model based on LASSO-Logistic regression analysis demonstrated good predictive performance and potential for practical application.

Rural  /  Populations aged 50 and above  /  High-risk sexual behavior  /  Predictive model
马李, 张范波, 毛弦筠, 谭丹, 代凤玲, 范颂, 陈燕华. 农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为预测模型的构建与验证. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2265 -2271 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409414
Li MA, Fan-bo ZHANG, Xian-jun MAO, Dan TAN, Feng-ling DAI, Song FAN, Yan-hua CHEN. Construction and validation of a prediction model for high-risk sexual behavior among people aged 50 and above in rural areas[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2265 -2271 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409414
截至2022年底,中国报告现存活人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV)感染者/艾滋病(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS)患者122.3万例,新增10.7万例,其中50岁及以上病例占比高达48.1%[1]。50岁及以上人群已成为艾滋病防控的重点群体,尤其是农村地区[2],更是艾滋病防治工作的重点区域。近年来,中国每年报告的艾滋病病例中,经性传播的比例均在95%以上[1],而高危性行为是导致性传播感染的主要原因。有研究表明,农村50岁及以上群体中,高危性行为的发生率高达39.8%[3]。高危性行为指任何与性接触相关且增加不良结局风险的行为,包括有偿性行为、非固定性伴性行为、没有保护的男性同性性行为[4]。本研究中,研究对象最近6个月内有过以上三种性行为中的任何一种性行为,则被视为有高危性行为。50岁及以上的HIV感染者通常面临较高的发病风险和死亡率,同时治疗效果不佳,长期生活质量较低。基于行为预测的筛选方法可通过识别高危性行为个体优化资源分配,但现有预测模型多针对工人、学生及男男性行为人群等特定群体[5-7],农村50岁及以上人群因性行为模式、生理特征及社会文化差异,亟需专属预测模型。
最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, LASSO)回归分析方法通过在模型估算过程中加入惩罚函数,能够提升预测的准确性及模型的泛化性能,并且有效应对过拟合现象及多重共线性问题[8]。本研究采用LASSO-Logistic回归分析,识别影响农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为的预测因素,构建并验证预测模型,旨在为早期识别高风险人群和制定精准的艾滋病防控措施提供科学依据。
2024年2月至4月,在四川省泸州市农村地区采用便利抽样法选取50岁及以上常住居民作为建模组;5月至6月,在凉山彝族自治州农村地区同样方法选取同年龄段居民作验证组。纳入标准:①年龄≥50岁;②农村户籍,居住时间超过6个月;③知情同意并自愿参与本研究。排除标准:①智力障碍或神志不清,无法理解问题;②听觉或语言表达障碍,无法自主交流。针对仅能使用彝语交流的彝族研究对象,安排一名经过培训的汉族研究者与一名彝族研究者协同开展匿名问卷调查。该研究经西南医科大学附属医院临床实验伦理委员会批准(编号:KY2024216)。
通过面对面问卷调查收集研究对象的高危性行为发生情况及各初始预测因子相关资料。(1)一般资料调查问卷:包括年龄、性别、性取向等一般人口学资料。(2)艾滋病预防知识问卷:通过8道问题测评,总分范围为0~8分,得分越高表明对艾滋病知识的掌握程度越好。(3)性行为情况调查问卷:主要收集研究对象性行为相关情况,包括酒后性行为、固定性伴、高危性行为、性传播疾病感染史、性伴性传播疾病感染情况等。(4)De Jong Gierveld孤独量表:采用杨兵等[9]翻译并验证的中文版量表,共11个条目。转换后的评分标准,0~2分为无孤独,3~8分为中度孤独,9~10分为重度孤独,11分为极其孤独。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.840。(5)社会支持评定量表:由肖水源[10]所设计,该量表的总分跨度为12~66分,分数越高,反映出个体的社会支持水平越高。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.846。
数据统计分析采用SPSS 29.0.1和R 4.4.1软件进行。描述性统计方面,针对非正态分布的计量资料,选用中位数和四分位数间距进行描述;对于计数资料,则通过频数和百分比呈现。在进行组间差异性比较时,对于非正态分布的计量资料,应用Mann-Whitney U检验方法;而对于计数资料,则采用卡方检验或者Fisher确切概率法来进行评估。采用LASSO回归筛选变量,再对筛选出的变量进行logistic回归分析,以P值小于0.05的变量构建预测模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, ROC)及其曲线下面积(Area Under The Cure, AUC)、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验与校准曲线,并结合决策曲线分析(Decision Curve Analysis, DCA)来评估及验证所构建的预测模型。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
建模组高危性行为发生率为27.08%(101/373),验证组为31.74%(53/167)。建模组与验证组在酒后性行为(P=0.045)、社会支持(P=0.035)方面有差异,但其余变量两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1
在本研究中,以是否在过去6个月内发生过高危性行为作为因变量,使用LASSO回归对建模组中的最初18个变量进行筛选。当log(λ)达到最小均方误差时,模型变量减少到14,当它达到最小距离的标准误差(1-fold SE)时,模型变量减少到9,如LASSO内部交叉验证(10k-fold)所确定的(图1图2)。本研究倾向于选择最小距离的1-fold SE的点(最佳λ值=0.028),因为它更简单和更具解释性。LASSO回归最终选择了9个最佳变量,分别为性别、外出务工史、酒后性行为、使用助性药物、固定性伴、性传播疾病感染史、使用毒品、性伴性传播疾病感染情况以及社会支持。
在本研究中,以是否在过去6个月内发生过高危性行为为因变量,采用logistic回归分析对LASSO回归筛选出的9个自变量进行进一步探讨。结果表明,性别、酒后性行为、性传播疾病感染史、固定性伴以及社会支持均为农村50岁及以上人群发生高危性行为的独立影响因素,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见表2
基于LASSO回归与logistic回归分析,筛选出性别、酒后性行为、性传播疾病感染史、固定性伴以及社会支持这5个独立预测因素。将这5个因素纳入最终模型,构建列线图。列线图模型通过R 4.4.1软件中的“rms”包构建,如图3
ROC曲线和AUC被用于评估模型的区分度。在建模组中,AUC为0.940(95% CI:0.914~0.965),最佳截断值为0.294,灵敏度为0.871,特异度为0.890(图4)。在验证组中,AUC为0.971(95% CI:0.951~0.992),最佳截断值为0.413,灵敏度为0.925,特异度为0.921(图5)。为了评估模型的校准度,采用了校准曲线与Hosmer-Lemeshow检验。在建模组中,模型预测的高危性行为概率曲线与实际发生概率曲线几乎吻合(图6),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果为χ2=7.088,P=0.527。在验证组中,模型预测的概率曲线与实际发生概率曲线一致性良好(图7),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果为χ2=5.729,P=0.678。在建模组与验证组中,当阈值概率在1%~93%和2%~98%之间时,使用该模型进行干预决策相较于全员干预或不干预能够带来额外的正效益。
本研究高危性行为发生率为28.52%(154/540),介于卓小康等[3]报告的广西农村老年人39.8%与许靖等[11]成都农村老年人16.19%之间。这种差异可能与地区间文化观念、性健康教育普及程度及经济发展水平等因素有关。基于LASSO回归构建的预测模型显示出良好的预测效能,且包含5个易于获取的指标,具有较强的应用潜力。该模型可助艾滋病防治人员快速精准识别高危人群,为个性化干预提供依据,优化资源配置,提高干预效果。
本研究预测模型显示,性别是关键预测因素,男性较女性具有更高的高危性行为发生风险。这主要是因为女性50岁后因雌激素减退致性交痛及性欲降低,而男性性需求仍旺盛,增加高危性行为风险[12]。农村老年男性普遍重视性能力维护,常通过同伴间分享性经历彰显男性魅力以获得心理满足[13];同时,根深蒂固的性别角色规范强化了男性的性主导地位,促使其追求高风险性行为以维持社会认同。农村50岁及以上人群干预需纳入性别差异因素:生理层面,面向女性开展针对性健康指导(如润滑剂使用),缓解绝经相关性交不适;认知层面,针对男性通过社区媒介矫正性认知偏差。
本研究构建的预测模型中,酒后性行为是重要预测因素。有酒后性行为是农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为的危险因素。酒精抑制认知功能易引发即时性冲动,农村社交饮酒情境叠加文化对酒后失范的包容性,导致50岁及以上人群性行为中忽视安全防护及伴侣忠诚[14]。应加强该群体健康教育,使其了解过量饮酒危害并倡导适量饮酒,同时针对饮酒人群实施重点教育干预,为酒精依赖者提供戒酒辅助疗法,建议选择低酒精度饮品、减少外出聚会饮酒,以降低高危性行为风险。
本研究预测模型显示,性传播疾病感染史是关键预测因素。有性传播疾病感染史是农村50岁及以上人群高危性行为的危险因素。农村地区性教育滞后,导致50岁及以上人群存在错误性观念,认为性病治愈后不复发或感染后获免疫,忽视防护措施及伴侣忠诚,加剧高危性行为风险[15]。应推行村级常态化性健康教育以矫正认知偏差;组建心理咨询师与医护团队提供心理干预,消除病耻感并重塑健康性行为认知。
本研究预测模型显示,固定性伴是重要预测因素。相较于无固定性伴的老年人,拥有固定性伴的老年人在性健康领域展现出更少的高危性行为[16]。固定性伴关系通过情感支持强化伴侣情感纽带,传统道德观念约束下个体更主动规避高危性行为[17];同时共同生活安排使双方需协同参与农业生产和家庭事务管理,客观上减少单独外出寻求高危性行为的机会。鉴于性伴侣间的相互影响,应积极利用其在健康行为中的促进作用,鼓励伴侣间正确沟通性相关问题,营造健康、和谐的性交流氛围,以提升老年人的性健康水平和性生活质量。
本研究构建的预测模型中,社会支持是预测因素之一。充足且良好的社会支持能够引导老年人群采取积极正向的行为模式[18],从而有效避免高危性行为的发生。可能是因为缺乏社会支持的老人生活空虚单调,精神文化匮乏,易被色情文化影响,进而增加了寻求高危性行为的可能性[19]。建议政府加大老年活动中心等民生项目建设,打造多元化健康社交生活环境以充实老年人精神生活,引导其参与有益身心活动以降低高危性行为;同时强化家庭责任意识,培育健康家庭信念,倡导家属多陪伴并安排丰富娱乐社交活动,给予老人情感支持。
本研究存在局限性:一是中国农村地区保守文化背景下,涉及私密敏感问题可能因受访者羞耻感导致性行为相关数据存在一定偏差;二是结局变量为回顾性收集,但纳入的预测变量相对稳定,所构建模型仍具较大预测价值。未来需开展大规模多中心前瞻性研究,进一步验证模型准确性与可靠性。
  • 四川省哲学与社会科学联合会一般项目(SCJJ23ND214)
  • 四川省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2024NSFSC0571)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409414
  • 接收时间:2024-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23
基金
四川省哲学与社会科学联合会一般项目(SCJJ23ND214)
四川省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2024NSFSC0571)
作者信息
    1.西南医科大学护理学院,四川 泸州 646000
    2.西南医科大学附属医院护理部
    3.泸州市人民医院泌尿外科
    4.西南医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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