Article(id=1241319155400503811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149242, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149242, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149242, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149242, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2113, endPage=2119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319156243558969, articleId=1241319155400503811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis and forecast study on the trends of stroke and its subtypes disease burden in China, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the disease burden trends of stroke and its subtypes in China.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, descriptive statistical analysis and Joinpoint regression models were employed to examine trends from 1990 to 2021, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to predict disease burden up to 2036.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the number of stroke cases in China increased by 142.65%, yet the standardized incidence rate decreased by 9.78%, and the mortality rate dropped by 43.01%. Subtype analysis revealed a significant increase of 35.72% in the incidence of ischemic stroke, while the mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage declined by 82.70%. In 2021, the male-to-female ratio of incidence rose to 1.73, and the decrease in the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rate was 16 percentage points higher for women than for men, indicating a widening gender disparity compared to 1990. The age distribution exhibited a bimodal pattern, with the highest incidence rate observed in the 75-79 age group (2 005.45 per 100 000), and the largest decrease in standardized DALYs occurred in the 55-59 age group, increasing by 57.61% compared to 1990. Attributable risk analysis showed that high systolic blood pressure remains the primary risk factor, with a standardized mortality rate of 77.73 per 100 000. However, deaths associated with low physical activity have surged by 222.54% in the past two decades. By 2036, it is predicted that the standardized incidence of stroke among women will increase by 5.26% compared to 2021, while the mortality rate among men will decrease by 16.69%, further exacerbating gender disparities.

Conclusion

While China has achieved progress in stroke prevention, challenges persist due to population aging and evolving risk factors. Targeted interventions addressing the rise of ischemic stroke, younger-onset cases, and gender disparities are urgently needed, alongside enhanced air pollution control, metabolic syndrome management, and regionalized tertiary prevention networks.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hang LI, Zi-you FENG, Yu ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Lei YUAN, Meng-lan ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241319160886653752, articleId=1241319155400503811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国脑卒中及亚型疾病负担趋势分析与预测研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中国脑卒中及亚型的疾病负担趋势。

方法

基于全球疾病负担数据采用描述性统计分析、Joinpoint回归模型来探究变化趋势,并应用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测至2036年的疾病负担。

结果

1990—2021年,中国脑卒中发病人数增长142.65%,但标化发病率下降9.78%,死亡率下降43.01%。亚型分析显示,缺血性脑卒中发病率显著上升35.72%,而蛛网膜下腔出血死亡率降幅达82.70%。2021年男性发病率性别比升至1.73,女性DALY率降幅超男性16个百分点,较1990年性别差异持续扩大。年龄分布呈现双峰特征,75~79岁人群发病率最高(2 005.45/10万),55~59岁人群标化DALY率降幅最大,较1990年增加57.61%。归因分析表明,高收缩压仍为首要危险因素,标化死亡率77.73/10万,但低体力活动相关死亡率近20年激增222.54%。预测至2036年,女性脑卒中标化发病率较2021年将逆势上升5.26%,男性死亡率下降16.69%,性别差异进一步加剧。

结论

中国脑卒中防控取得显著成效,但人口老龄化与危险因素演变带来新挑战。需针对缺血性卒中增长、青年发病年轻化及性别差异制定精准干预策略,强化空气污染控制与代谢综合征管理,完善区域化三级防治网络。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
朱梦兰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=VMhK4u30fvNMHLj7/rXkhA==, magXml=k4xvOasXLP7w9HfoDARB2g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=b6VrqgjQ7FnPkko22Kvl6A==, pdfFileSize=1533611, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pJnN9GpwmkUyg7Q6Dx0X/A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WcVAyPrDNC+ZlKsMDUnVWg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李航(1997—),男,本科,护理师,研究方向:临床护理、脑卒中

, authorsList=李航, 冯梓柚, 张宇, 张维, 袁磊, 朱梦兰)}, authors=[Author(id=1241319163118023560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319163289990037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163118023560, language=EN, stringName=Hang LI, firstName=Hang, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=Department of Pancreas and Anorectal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319163449373602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163118023560, language=CN, stringName=李航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院胰腺肛肠科,广东 广州 510120, bio={"content":"

李航(1997—),男,本科,护理师,研究方向:临床护理、脑卒中

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李航(1997—),男,本科,护理师,研究方向:临床护理、脑卒中

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162404991822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162413380431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162404991822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Pancreas and Anorectal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162421769040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162404991822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院胰腺肛肠科,广东 广州 510120)])]), Author(id=1241319163571008425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319163717809075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163571008425, language=EN, stringName=Zi-you FENG, firstName=Zi-you, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319163839443900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163571008425, language=CN, stringName=冯梓柚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.广州中医药大学护理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162530820953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162539209563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162530820953, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广州中医药大学护理学院)])]), Author(id=1241319163961078726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164082713550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163961078726, language=EN, stringName=Yu ZHANG, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164258874323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319163961078726, language=CN, stringName=张宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.中国人民解放军32265部队, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162652455777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162665038692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162652455777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国人民解放军32265部队)])]), Author(id=1241319164367926238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164523115494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319164367926238, language=EN, stringName=Wei ZHANG, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164607001581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319164367926238, language=CN, stringName=张维, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院急诊科, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162811839342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162820227951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162811839342, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院急诊科)])]), Author(id=1241319164716053494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164820911100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319164716053494, language=EN, stringName=Lei YUAN, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=YUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319164967710729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319164716053494, language=CN, stringName=袁磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.海军军医大学卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162950251388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162962834301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162950251388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.海军军医大学卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室)])]), Author(id=1241319165085151252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18594930939@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241319166599295002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319165085151252, language=EN, stringName=Meng-lan ZHU, firstName=Meng-lan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241319166716735520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, authorId=1241319165085151252, language=CN, stringName=朱梦兰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.中国人民解放军32265部队, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162652455777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162665038692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162652455777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国人民解放军32265部队)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241319166968393771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Stroke), Keyword(id=1241319167064862770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Disease burden), Keyword(id=1241319167169720370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Trend analysis), Keyword(id=1241319167299743803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Prediction), Keyword(id=1241319167408795712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=脑卒中), Keyword(id=1241319167555596357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=疾病负担), Keyword(id=1241319167681425483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=趋势分析), Keyword(id=1241319167819837526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1241319171192058048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=8, pageStart=565, pageEnd=576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=《中国卒中中心报告2022》编写组, journalName=中国脑血管病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=《中国卒中中心报告2022》编写组.《中国卒中中心报告2022》概要[J].中国脑血管病杂志2024,21(8):565-576., articleTitle=《中国卒中中心报告2022》概要, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171397578951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=8, pageStart=565, pageEnd=576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Report on Stroke Center in China Writing Group, journalName=Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Report on Stroke Center in China Writing Group. Summary of China Stroke Center Report 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2024, 21(8): 565-576. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Summary of China Stroke Center Report 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171582128329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=10, pageStart=795, pageEnd=820, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, journalName=The Lancet. Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019[J].The Lancet. Neurology, 2021, 20(10): 795-820., articleTitle=Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171682791629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=269, pageEnd=275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Al alawi AM, Al busaidi I, Al shibli E, journalName=Annals of Saudi Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Al alawi AM, Al busaidi I, Al shibli E, et al. Health outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: retrospective and survival analysis from Oman[J]. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2022, 42(4): 269-275., articleTitle=Health outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: retrospective and survival analysis from Oman, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171770872019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=丁晓波, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁晓波.基于倾向性评分匹配的急性缺血性脑卒中复发风险因素及预测模型研究[D].太原:山西医科大学,2024., articleTitle=基于倾向性评分匹配的急性缺血性脑卒中复发风险因素及预测模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171871535318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Ding XB, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding XB. Study on risk factors and prediction model of acute ischemic stroke recurrence based on propensity score matching[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Medical University, 2024. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on risk factors and prediction model of acute ischemic stroke recurrence based on propensity score matching, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319171959615703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=World Health Organization, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=World Health Organization.Global health estimates: Leading causes of death[EB/OL]. [2025-04-13]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death., articleTitle=Global health estimates: Leading causes of death, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172047696093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=29, issue=4, pageStart=305, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=刘明波, 何新叶, 杨晓红, journalName=中国心血管杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘明波,何新叶,杨晓红,等.《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读[J].中国心血管杂志2024,29(4):305-324., articleTitle=《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172135776481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=29, issue=4, pageStart=305, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Liu MB, He XY, Yang XH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu MB, He XY, Yang XH, et al. Interpretation of report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2024, 29(4): 305-324. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Interpretation of report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2023, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172232245475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=76, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Chen JQ, Cao X, Xu SS, journalName=EClinicalMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen JQ, Cao X, Xu SS, et al. Global, regional, and National burden of retinoblastoma in infants and young children: findings from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021[J]. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 76: 102860., articleTitle=Global, regional, and National burden of retinoblastoma in infants and young children: findings from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172337103080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=374, pageEnd=380, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhao J, Li XT, Liu XC, journalName=Stroke and Vascular Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao J, Li XT, Liu XC, et al. Changing the strategy and culture of stroke awareness education in China: implementing stroke 1-2-0[J]. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, 2020, 5(4): 374-380., articleTitle=Changing the strategy and culture of stroke awareness education in China: implementing stroke 1-2-0, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172454543599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=171, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Bai XP, Li ZF, Cai Z, journalName=BMC Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bai XP, Li ZF, Cai Z, et al. Gender differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke: a longitudinal cohort study in East China[J]. BMC Neurology, 2024, 24(1): 171., articleTitle=Gender differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke: a longitudinal cohort study in East China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172538429681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=403, issue=10440, pageStart=1989, pageEnd=2056, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=GBD 2021 Demographics Collaborators, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2021 Demographics Collaborators. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 1989-2056., articleTitle=Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172668453110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=403, issue=10440, pageStart=2057, pageEnd=2099, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=GBD 2021 Fertility and Forecasting Collaborators, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GBD 2021 Fertility and Forecasting Collaborators. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2057-2099., articleTitle=Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172769116410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=魏俏俏, 胡樱, 胡迪, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏俏俏,胡樱,胡迪,等.基于Joinpoint分析1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的2型糖尿病疾病负担[J].中国卫生统计2024,41(1):2-6., articleTitle=基于Joinpoint分析1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的2型糖尿病疾病负担, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172848808188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Wei QQ, Hu Y, Hu D, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei QQ, Hu Y, Hu D, et al. Analysis of the disease burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Joinpoint regression model[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2024, 41(1): 2-6. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of the disease burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Joinpoint regression model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172949471487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Kiyoshige E, Ogata S, O’flaherty M, journalName=The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kiyoshige E, Ogata S, O’flaherty M, et al. Projections of future coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in Japan until 2040: a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis[J]. The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, 2023, 31: 100637., articleTitle=Projections of future coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in Japan until 2040: a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173029163268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=649, pageEnd=658, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=汤少梁, 赵兴华, 董慧秋, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤少梁,赵兴华,董慧秋,等.中国、美国和全球居民2010—2019年脑卒中疾病负担趋势年龄-时期-队列分析[J].中国公共卫生2024,40(6):649-658., articleTitle=中国、美国和全球居民2010—2019年脑卒中疾病负担趋势年龄-时期-队列分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173125632264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=649, pageEnd=658, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Tang SL, Zhao XH, Dong HQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang SL, Zhao XH, Dong HQ, et al. Changing trends in burden of stroke among residents of China, the United States, and the world during 2010-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis of data from GBD 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2024, 40(6): 649-658. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Changing trends in burden of stroke among residents of China, the United States, and the world during 2010-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis of data from GBD 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173196935437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=102, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Liu HH, Jin AM, Pan YS, journalName=Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu HH, Jin AM, Pan YS, et al. Trends of sex differences and associated factors in stroke outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2007 to 2018[J]. Neurology, 2024, 102(1): e207818., articleTitle=Trends of sex differences and associated factors in stroke outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2007 to 2018, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173272432910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=394, pageEnd=406, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Chow EO, Fung SF, Singh H, journalName=Clinical Rehabilitation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chow EO, Fung SF, Singh H. Actor-partner effects of wellbeing, hope and self-esteem on depression in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2023, 37(3): 394-406., articleTitle=Actor-partner effects of wellbeing, hope and self-esteem on depression in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads: A randomized controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173385679119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=1059, pageEnd=1063, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=王前友, 赵博轩, 王文安, journalName=中华全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王前友,赵博轩,王文安.1990—2019年中国缺血性脑卒中发病和死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析[J].中华全科医学2024,22(6):1059-1063., articleTitle=1990—2019年中国缺血性脑卒中发病和死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173465370899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=1059, pageEnd=1063, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Wang QY, Zhao BX, Wang WA, journalName=Chinese Journal of General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang QY, Zhao BX, Wang WA. Analysis of trend and age-period-cohort model on ischemic stroke incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 in China[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2024, 22(6): 1059-1063. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of trend and age-period-cohort model on ischemic stroke incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173566034198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=394, pageEnd=405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Wu SM, Wu B, Liu M, journalName=Lancet Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu SM, Wu B, Liu M, et al. Stroke in China: advances and challenges in epidemiology, prevention, and management[J]. Lancet Neurology, 2019, 18(4): 394-405., articleTitle=Stroke in China: advances and challenges in epidemiology, prevention, and management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173662503194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=447, pageEnd=451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Vyas MV, Silver FL, Austin PC, journalName=Stroke, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vyas MV, Silver FL, Austin PC, et al. Stroke incidence by sex across the lifespan[J]. Stroke, 2021, 52(2): 447-451., articleTitle=Stroke incidence by sex across the lifespan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173750583580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=102, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Anonym, journalName=Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anonym. Global burden of ischemic stroke in young adults in 204 countries and territories[J]. Neurology, 2024, 102(11): e209328., articleTitle=Global burden of ischemic stroke in young adults in 204 countries and territories, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173826081055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=12, issue=15, pageStart=4999, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Bukhari S, Yaghi S, Bashir Z, journalName=Journal of Clinical Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bukhari S, Yaghi S, Bashir Z. Stroke in young adults[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, 12(15): 4999., articleTitle=Stroke in young adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173918355746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=136, issue=20, pageStart=2431, pageEnd=2441, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Wang H, Zhang H, Zou ZY, journalName=Chin Med J (Engl), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H, Zhang H, Zou ZY. Changing profiles of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in China: a secondary analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2023, 136(20): 2431-2441., articleTitle=Changing profiles of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in China: a secondary analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319173993853220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=8, pageStart=e1141, pageEnd=e1149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Lin QR, Ye TX, Ye PP, journalName=The Lancet. Global Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin QR, Ye TX, Ye PP, et al. Hypertension in stroke survivors and associations with National premature stroke mortality: data for 2.5 million participants from multinational screening campaigns[J]. The Lancet. Global Health , 2022, 10(8): e1141-e1149., articleTitle=Hypertension in stroke survivors and associations with National premature stroke mortality: data for 2.5 million participants from multinational screening campaigns, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175096955174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=1, pageStart=59, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Gao Y, Liu KD, Fang SK, journalName=Stroke, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Y, Liu KD, Fang SK. Changing patterns of stroke and subtypes attributable to high systolic blood pressure in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Stroke, 2024, 55(1): 59-68., articleTitle=Changing patterns of stroke and subtypes attributable to high systolic blood pressure in China from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175235367208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=101, issue=19, pageStart=e1922, pageEnd=e1932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Toubasi A, Al-Sayegh TN, journalName=Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Toubasi A, Al-Sayegh TN. Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Neurology, 2023, 101(19): e1922-e1932., articleTitle=Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175344419115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Lee JH, Han KD, Cheon DY, journalName=Journal of the American Heart Association, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee JH, Han KD, Cheon DY, et al. Association between changes in smoking habits and incident fracture after acute ischemic stroke[J]. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2024, 13(11): e034779., articleTitle=Association between changes in smoking habits and incident fracture after acute ischemic stroke, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175424110895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=386, issue=3, pageStart=252, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, journalName=New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary Sodium and Potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022, 386(3): 252-263., articleTitle=24-Hour urinary Sodium and Potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175491219762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=4, pageStart=1078, pageEnd=1087, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Wang Y, Wang JY, Chen SF, journalName=Stroke, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Wang JY, Chen SF, et al. Different changing patterns for stroke subtype mortality attributable to high Sodium intake in China during 1990 to 2019[J]. Stroke, 2023, 54(4): 1078-1087., articleTitle=Different changing patterns for stroke subtype mortality attributable to high Sodium intake in China during 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175566717237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=391, issue=3, pageStart=203, pageEnd=212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Xiong YY, Campbell BCV, Schwamm LH, journalName=New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiong YY, Campbell BCV, Schwamm LH, et al. Tenecteplase for ischemic stroke at 4.5 to 24 hours without thrombectomy[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2024, 391(3): 203-212., articleTitle=Tenecteplase for ischemic stroke at 4.5 to 24 hours without thrombectomy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175658991928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=109, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=35, authorNames=胡荣, journalName=中华健康管理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡荣.筛查和防治心房颤动 预防缺血性脑卒中[J].中华健康管理学杂志2021,15(2):109-112., articleTitle=筛查和防治心房颤动 预防缺血性脑卒中, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175738683706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=109, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Hu R, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu R. Screening and prevention of atrial fibrillation and prevention of ischemic stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 2021, 15(2): 109-112. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Screening and prevention of atrial fibrillation and prevention of ischemic stroke, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175822569788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=381, issue=20, pageStart=1909, pageEnd=1917, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, et al. Large-scale assessment of a Smartwatch to identify atrial fibrillation[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2019, 381(20): 1909-1917., articleTitle=Large-scale assessment of a Smartwatch to identify atrial fibrillation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319175910650174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Li HL, Qiu JF, Gao Z, journalName=Frontiers of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li HL, Qiu JF, Gao Z, et al. Association between waist-to-height ratio and osteoporosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study[J]. Frontiers of Medicine, 2024, 11: 1486611., articleTitle=Association between waist-to-height ratio and osteoporosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176015507776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=192, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王蓝, 张梅, 赵振平, journalName=中华流行病学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王蓝,张梅,赵振平,等.高尿酸血症与脑卒中发病风险及高血压的中介效应研究[J].中华流行病学杂志2024,45(2):192-199., articleTitle=高尿酸血症与脑卒中发病风险及高血压的中介效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176107782468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=192, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang L, Zhang M, Zhao ZP, journalName=Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang L, Zhang M, Zhao ZP, et al. Mediating effect of hypertension on risk of stroke associated with hyperuricemia[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2024, 45(2): 192-199. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Mediating effect of hypertension on risk of stroke associated with hyperuricemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319176183279942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=14, pageStart=6380, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Whyne EZ, Woo J, Jeon-Slaughter H, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Whyne EZ, Woo J, Jeon-Slaughter H. The effects of subjective wellbeing and self-rated health on lifetime risk of cardiovascular conditions in women[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(14): 6380., articleTitle=The effects of subjective wellbeing and self-rated health on lifetime risk of cardiovascular conditions in women, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241319169514336438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, awardId=23BRK008, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金(23BRK008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319171032674491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, awardId=LNYB-2023-14, language=CN, fundingSource=老年长期照护教育部重点实验室开放课题基金(LNYB-2023-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319162404991822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162413380431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162404991822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Pancreas and Anorectal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162421769040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162404991822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院胰腺肛肠科,广东 广州 510120)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319162530820953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162539209563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162530820953, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广州中医药大学护理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319162652455777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162665038692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162652455777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国人民解放军32265部队)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319162811839342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162820227951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162811839342, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院急诊科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319162950251388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319162962834301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, companyId=1241319162950251388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.海军军医大学卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319167966638175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The trends in the standardized incidence rate (A) and DALY rate (B) of stroke in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=IJfChU7Eioz6jZuF0mUPLA==, figureFileBig=pJnN9GpwmkUyg7Q6Dx0X/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168037941351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国脑卒中标化发病率(A)和DALY率(B)变化趋势

注:DALY:伤残调整寿命年。

, figureFileSmall=IJfChU7Eioz6jZuF0mUPLA==, figureFileBig=pJnN9GpwmkUyg7Q6Dx0X/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168293793905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The incidence rates and standardized DALY rates for each age group in 1990 and 2021, figureFileSmall=ZB0I/vOR70P/OrAK6qAK4A==, figureFileBig=PDIdLrJOdQ8W7mpjSs2U/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168423817335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990年和2021年各年龄段发病率和标准化DALY率, figureFileSmall=ZB0I/vOR70P/OrAK6qAK4A==, figureFileBig=PDIdLrJOdQ8W7mpjSs2U/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168570617985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The standardized mortality rate (A) and DALY rate (B) due to related risk factors in 1990 and 2021, figureFileSmall=Nl2oVCMi2vnbY7Bx89w4Vg==, figureFileBig=bxuOWrWxdMWPFmRvt4QzmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168704835721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990年和2021相关危险因素所致的标化死亡率(A)和DALY率(B)

注:DALY为伤残调整寿命年。

, figureFileSmall=Nl2oVCMi2vnbY7Bx89w4Vg==, figureFileBig=bxuOWrWxdMWPFmRvt4QzmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168826470543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Predicted Trends in Stroke Incidence and Mortality from 2022 to 2036, figureFileSmall=KAwXHMxHS1mlsx9byT6AoA==, figureFileBig=/MTncOtd8/NSxkFgc6gunA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168931328148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2022—2036年脑卒中发病和死亡趋势预测, figureFileSmall=KAwXHMxHS1mlsx9byT6AoA==, figureFileBig=/MTncOtd8/NSxkFgc6gunA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319169065545884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

1990—2021 Burden of Stroke and Subtypes in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型人数(95%UI)(万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)
发病
脑卒中168.58(150.69~189.72)409.05(359.38~469.98)142.65
缺血性脑卒中76.12(62.14~93.77)277.21(229.57~331.92)264.17
脑内出血77.40(64.47~89.62)117.33(100.40~133.05)51.59
蛛网膜下腔出血15.06(12.87~17.69)14.51(12.54~16.90)-3.60
患病
脑卒中1 073.11(1 000.31~1 154.26)2 633.54(2 415.5~2 862.56)145.41
缺血性脑卒中657.72(587.54~726.24)2 080.39(1 861.59~2 299.55)216.30
脑内出血311.50(276.43~351.83)438.52(389.21~490.66)40.78
蛛网膜下腔出血110.45(96.17~124.26)132.33(117.61~148.41)19.80
DALY
脑卒中3 800.34(3 342.83~4 284.35)5 319.07(4 510.87~6 195.8)39.96
缺血性脑卒中992.61(851.01~1 165.62)2 343.04(1 991.89~2 693.39)136.05
脑内出血2 277.91(1 963.05~2 651.08)2 746.37(2 283.92~3 267.67)20.57
蛛网膜下腔出血529.81(279.1~680.63)229.65(172.74~284.74)-56.65
死亡
脑卒中153.06(133.49~172.15)259.16(217.94~303.27)69.32
缺血性脑卒中42.80(36.23~50.64)117.70(98.69~137.27)175.01
脑内出血91.30(78.44~106.45)132.29(110.8~156.77)44.89
蛛网膜下腔出血18.96(9.08~24.9)9.18(6.67~11.62)-51.58
类型标准率(95%UI)(1/10万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)
发病
脑卒中226.94(202.92~252.80)204.75(181.03~231.50)-9.78
缺血性脑卒中100.05(81.52~120.91)135.79(113.25~159.83)35.72
脑内出血108.93(91.66~124.93)61.15(52.98~69.06)-43.86
蛛网膜下腔出血17.96(15.37~21.12)7.81(6.88~8.95)-56.51
患病
脑卒中1 167.42(1 082.04~1 262.59)1 301.42(1 200.61~1 405.73)11.48
缺血性脑卒中759.20(675.25~850.31)1 018.82(918.5~1 123.35)34.20
脑内出血308.41(274.49~348.29)222.11(200.09~246.48)-27.98
蛛网膜下腔出血107.89(94.6~121.79)68.88(61.53~76.90)-36.16
DALY
脑卒中4 834.79(4 242.58~5 418.84)2 648.02(2 253.39~3 076.95)-45.23
缺血性脑卒中1 387.93(1 188.74~1 621.40)1 180.98(1 009.7~1 356.67)-14.91
脑内出血2 830.02(2 441.76~3 281.07)1 351.55(1 129.11~1 600.86)-52.24
蛛网膜下腔出血616.84(315.45~799.17)115.49(86.86~142.50)-81.28
死亡
脑卒中242.18(213.83~272.66)138.03(116.69~160.32)-43.01
缺血性脑卒中75.22(64.48~88.23)64.47(54.03~74.82)-14.29
脑内出血139.67(121.09~162.03)68.84(57.61~81.17)-50.71
蛛网膜下腔出血27.29(12.81~36.07)4.72(3.45~5.95)-82.70
), ArticleFig(id=1241319169162014881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国卒中及亚型疾病负担情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型人数(95%UI)(万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)
发病
脑卒中168.58(150.69~189.72)409.05(359.38~469.98)142.65
缺血性脑卒中76.12(62.14~93.77)277.21(229.57~331.92)264.17
脑内出血77.40(64.47~89.62)117.33(100.40~133.05)51.59
蛛网膜下腔出血15.06(12.87~17.69)14.51(12.54~16.90)-3.60
患病
脑卒中1 073.11(1 000.31~1 154.26)2 633.54(2 415.5~2 862.56)145.41
缺血性脑卒中657.72(587.54~726.24)2 080.39(1 861.59~2 299.55)216.30
脑内出血311.50(276.43~351.83)438.52(389.21~490.66)40.78
蛛网膜下腔出血110.45(96.17~124.26)132.33(117.61~148.41)19.80
DALY
脑卒中3 800.34(3 342.83~4 284.35)5 319.07(4 510.87~6 195.8)39.96
缺血性脑卒中992.61(851.01~1 165.62)2 343.04(1 991.89~2 693.39)136.05
脑内出血2 277.91(1 963.05~2 651.08)2 746.37(2 283.92~3 267.67)20.57
蛛网膜下腔出血529.81(279.1~680.63)229.65(172.74~284.74)-56.65
死亡
脑卒中153.06(133.49~172.15)259.16(217.94~303.27)69.32
缺血性脑卒中42.80(36.23~50.64)117.70(98.69~137.27)175.01
脑内出血91.30(78.44~106.45)132.29(110.8~156.77)44.89
蛛网膜下腔出血18.96(9.08~24.9)9.18(6.67~11.62)-51.58
类型标准率(95%UI)(1/10万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)
发病
脑卒中226.94(202.92~252.80)204.75(181.03~231.50)-9.78
缺血性脑卒中100.05(81.52~120.91)135.79(113.25~159.83)35.72
脑内出血108.93(91.66~124.93)61.15(52.98~69.06)-43.86
蛛网膜下腔出血17.96(15.37~21.12)7.81(6.88~8.95)-56.51
患病
脑卒中1 167.42(1 082.04~1 262.59)1 301.42(1 200.61~1 405.73)11.48
缺血性脑卒中759.20(675.25~850.31)1 018.82(918.5~1 123.35)34.20
脑内出血308.41(274.49~348.29)222.11(200.09~246.48)-27.98
蛛网膜下腔出血107.89(94.6~121.79)68.88(61.53~76.90)-36.16
DALY
脑卒中4 834.79(4 242.58~5 418.84)2 648.02(2 253.39~3 076.95)-45.23
缺血性脑卒中1 387.93(1 188.74~1 621.40)1 180.98(1 009.7~1 356.67)-14.91
脑内出血2 830.02(2 441.76~3 281.07)1 351.55(1 129.11~1 600.86)-52.24
蛛网膜下腔出血616.84(315.45~799.17)115.49(86.86~142.50)-81.28
死亡
脑卒中242.18(213.83~272.66)138.03(116.69~160.32)-43.01
缺血性脑卒中75.22(64.48~88.23)64.47(54.03~74.82)-14.29
脑内出血139.67(121.09~162.03)68.84(57.61~81.17)-50.71
蛛网膜下腔出血27.29(12.81~36.07)4.72(3.45~5.95)-82.70
), ArticleFig(id=1241319169254289575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average Annual Percentage Change in Stroke and Subtypes from 1990 to 2021(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别时间标化发病率(95% CI时间标化DALY率(95% CI
脑卒中APC1990—19950.94(0.79~1.10)a1990—1998-1.48(-1.60~-1.35)a
APC1995—2000-0.77(-0.98~-0.57)a1998—20040.27(0.07~0.48)a
2000—2006-0.14(-0.29~0.01)2004—2007-5.44(-6.20~-4.68)a
2006—2014-1.90(-1.99~-1.81)a2007—2010-1.69(-2.56~-0.82)a
2014—20191.44(1.21~1.67)a2010—2015-3.64(-3.97~-3.31)a
2019—2021-1.61(-2.38~-0.84)a2015—2021-1.61(-1.88~-1.34)a
AAPC-0.37(-0.45~-0.29)a-1.93(-2.07~-1.80)a
缺血性卒中APC1990—19941.66(1.37~1.94)a1990—1998-0.37(-0.57~-0.18)a
1994—20000.31(0.12~0.49)a1998—20042.18(1.90~2.47)a
2000—20071.65(1.51~1.80)a2004—2007-4.10(-5.11~-3.08)a
2007—20150.18(0.07~0.29)a2007—20100.29(-0.88~1.48)
2015—20192.44(2.04~2.84)a2010—2015-1.85(-2.28~-1.41)a
2019—2021-0.54(-1.34~0.26)2015—2021-0.88(-1.19~-0.57)a
AAPC0.97(0.88~1.06)a-0.53(-0.70~-0.35)a
脑内出血APC1990—19950.36(0.17~0.55)a1990—1998-1.53(-1.69~-1.37)a
1995—2005-0.98(-1.06~-0.91)a1998—20040.95(0.72~1.19)a
2005—2014-4.71(-4.79~-4.63)a2004—2007-6.01(-6.72~-5.29)a
2014—20190.25(0.02~0.48)a2007—2010-2.91(-3.74~-2.07)a
2019—2021-4.52(-5.25~-3.79)a2010—2015-5.04(-5.36~-4.73)a
2015—2021-2.23(-2.51~-1.95)a
AAPC-1.90(-1.97~-1.83)a-2.34(-2.48~-2.21)a
蛛网膜下腔出血APC1990—19932.92(2.01~3.84)a1990—1995-2.21(-3.22~-1.20)a
APC1993—1996-0.45(-2.07~1.20)1995—2000-6.83(-8.04~-5.60)a
APC1996—2001-6.71(-7.19~-6.23)a2000—2004-14.18(-15.25~-13.09)a
APC2001—2009-5.57(-5.77~-5.37)a2004—2007-9.52(-11.22~-7.80)a
APC2009—2014-2.28(-2.74~-1.81)a2007—2021-2.24(-2.36~-2.13)a
2014—20210.31(0.11~0.51)a
AAPC-2.63(-2.83~-2.43)a-5.32(-5.64~-5.00)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241319169342369962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155400503811, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年脑卒中及亚型平均年度变化(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别时间标化发病率(95% CI时间标化DALY率(95% CI
脑卒中APC1990—19950.94(0.79~1.10)a1990—1998-1.48(-1.60~-1.35)a
APC1995—2000-0.77(-0.98~-0.57)a1998—20040.27(0.07~0.48)a
2000—2006-0.14(-0.29~0.01)2004—2007-5.44(-6.20~-4.68)a
2006—2014-1.90(-1.99~-1.81)a2007—2010-1.69(-2.56~-0.82)a
2014—20191.44(1.21~1.67)a2010—2015-3.64(-3.97~-3.31)a
2019—2021-1.61(-2.38~-0.84)a2015—2021-1.61(-1.88~-1.34)a
AAPC-0.37(-0.45~-0.29)a-1.93(-2.07~-1.80)a
缺血性卒中APC1990—19941.66(1.37~1.94)a1990—1998-0.37(-0.57~-0.18)a
1994—20000.31(0.12~0.49)a1998—20042.18(1.90~2.47)a
2000—20071.65(1.51~1.80)a2004—2007-4.10(-5.11~-3.08)a
2007—20150.18(0.07~0.29)a2007—20100.29(-0.88~1.48)
2015—20192.44(2.04~2.84)a2010—2015-1.85(-2.28~-1.41)a
2019—2021-0.54(-1.34~0.26)2015—2021-0.88(-1.19~-0.57)a
AAPC0.97(0.88~1.06)a-0.53(-0.70~-0.35)a
脑内出血APC1990—19950.36(0.17~0.55)a1990—1998-1.53(-1.69~-1.37)a
1995—2005-0.98(-1.06~-0.91)a1998—20040.95(0.72~1.19)a
2005—2014-4.71(-4.79~-4.63)a2004—2007-6.01(-6.72~-5.29)a
2014—20190.25(0.02~0.48)a2007—2010-2.91(-3.74~-2.07)a
2019—2021-4.52(-5.25~-3.79)a2010—2015-5.04(-5.36~-4.73)a
2015—2021-2.23(-2.51~-1.95)a
AAPC-1.90(-1.97~-1.83)a-2.34(-2.48~-2.21)a
蛛网膜下腔出血APC1990—19932.92(2.01~3.84)a1990—1995-2.21(-3.22~-1.20)a
APC1993—1996-0.45(-2.07~1.20)1995—2000-6.83(-8.04~-5.60)a
APC1996—2001-6.71(-7.19~-6.23)a2000—2004-14.18(-15.25~-13.09)a
APC2001—2009-5.57(-5.77~-5.37)a2004—2007-9.52(-11.22~-7.80)a
APC2009—2014-2.28(-2.74~-1.81)a2007—2021-2.24(-2.36~-2.13)a
2014—20210.31(0.11~0.51)a
AAPC-2.63(-2.83~-2.43)a-5.32(-5.64~-5.00)a
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
中国脑卒中及亚型疾病负担趋势分析与预测研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
李航 1 , 冯梓柚 2 , 张宇 3 , 张维 4 , 袁磊 5 , 朱梦兰 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(12): 2113-2119
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(12): 2113-2119
中国脑卒中及亚型疾病负担趋势分析与预测研究
全屏
李航1, 冯梓柚2, 张宇3, 张维4, 袁磊5, 朱梦兰3
作者信息
  • 1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院胰腺肛肠科,广东 广州 510120
  • 2.广州中医药大学护理学院
  • 3.中国人民解放军32265部队
  • 4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院急诊科
  • 5.海军军医大学卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室
  • 李航(1997—),男,本科,护理师,研究方向:临床护理、脑卒中

通讯作者:

朱梦兰,E-mail:
Analysis and forecast study on the trends of stroke and its subtypes disease burden in China
Hang LI1, Zi-you FENG2, Yu ZHANG3, Wei ZHANG4, Lei YUAN5, Meng-lan ZHU3
Affiliations
  • Department of Pancreas and Anorectal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

分析中国脑卒中及亚型的疾病负担趋势。

方法

基于全球疾病负担数据采用描述性统计分析、Joinpoint回归模型来探究变化趋势,并应用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测至2036年的疾病负担。

结果

1990—2021年,中国脑卒中发病人数增长142.65%,但标化发病率下降9.78%,死亡率下降43.01%。亚型分析显示,缺血性脑卒中发病率显著上升35.72%,而蛛网膜下腔出血死亡率降幅达82.70%。2021年男性发病率性别比升至1.73,女性DALY率降幅超男性16个百分点,较1990年性别差异持续扩大。年龄分布呈现双峰特征,75~79岁人群发病率最高(2 005.45/10万),55~59岁人群标化DALY率降幅最大,较1990年增加57.61%。归因分析表明,高收缩压仍为首要危险因素,标化死亡率77.73/10万,但低体力活动相关死亡率近20年激增222.54%。预测至2036年,女性脑卒中标化发病率较2021年将逆势上升5.26%,男性死亡率下降16.69%,性别差异进一步加剧。

结论

中国脑卒中防控取得显著成效,但人口老龄化与危险因素演变带来新挑战。需针对缺血性卒中增长、青年发病年轻化及性别差异制定精准干预策略,强化空气污染控制与代谢综合征管理,完善区域化三级防治网络。

脑卒中  /  疾病负担  /  趋势分析  /  贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型
Objective

To analyze the disease burden trends of stroke and its subtypes in China.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, descriptive statistical analysis and Joinpoint regression models were employed to examine trends from 1990 to 2021, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to predict disease burden up to 2036.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the number of stroke cases in China increased by 142.65%, yet the standardized incidence rate decreased by 9.78%, and the mortality rate dropped by 43.01%. Subtype analysis revealed a significant increase of 35.72% in the incidence of ischemic stroke, while the mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage declined by 82.70%. In 2021, the male-to-female ratio of incidence rose to 1.73, and the decrease in the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rate was 16 percentage points higher for women than for men, indicating a widening gender disparity compared to 1990. The age distribution exhibited a bimodal pattern, with the highest incidence rate observed in the 75-79 age group (2 005.45 per 100 000), and the largest decrease in standardized DALYs occurred in the 55-59 age group, increasing by 57.61% compared to 1990. Attributable risk analysis showed that high systolic blood pressure remains the primary risk factor, with a standardized mortality rate of 77.73 per 100 000. However, deaths associated with low physical activity have surged by 222.54% in the past two decades. By 2036, it is predicted that the standardized incidence of stroke among women will increase by 5.26% compared to 2021, while the mortality rate among men will decrease by 16.69%, further exacerbating gender disparities.

Conclusion

While China has achieved progress in stroke prevention, challenges persist due to population aging and evolving risk factors. Targeted interventions addressing the rise of ischemic stroke, younger-onset cases, and gender disparities are urgently needed, alongside enhanced air pollution control, metabolic syndrome management, and regionalized tertiary prevention networks.

Stroke  /  Disease burden  /  Trend analysis  /  Prediction
李航, 冯梓柚, 张宇, 张维, 袁磊, 朱梦兰. 中国脑卒中及亚型疾病负担趋势分析与预测研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2113 -2119 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110
Hang LI, Zi-you FENG, Yu ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Lei YUAN, Meng-lan ZHU. Analysis and forecast study on the trends of stroke and its subtypes disease burden in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2113 -2119 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110
脑卒中分为缺血性和出血性两种类型,是由于脑部血管狭窄、阻塞或破裂导致的脑血管病变,其主要临床特征为突然发生的神经功能障碍[[1-2]。脑卒中以其高发病率、高致残率、高致死率、复发风险高以及并发症多的特点,对中国而言构成了重大公共健康挑战[3-4]。截至2021年,脑卒中是中国造成死亡的主要原因之一,标化死亡率达到138.03/10万人[5],同时也是心血管疾病人群常见的合并症[6]。随着人口老龄化的加剧、预期寿命的延长、城市化进程的加速,以及生活方式的变迁,加之医疗保健体系所遭遇的挑战,中国脑卒中的发病率呈现出明显的增长趋势[7-8],且不同卒中亚型的差异加剧了中国的卒中负担复杂性[9]。本研究通过识别和分析不同卒中亚型的流行病学特征,以期为展示了我国脑卒中现状与防治重点。
提取2021版全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)数据库(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/)中国脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素相关数据。脑卒中相关的数据来源于全国卫生服务调查、死因监测系统、慢性病及其危险因素的监测项目,及已发表的学术文献和官方报告[10]。研究对象为≥20岁人群,按5岁年龄组分层;2022—2036年分年龄/性别人口预测数据源自联合国《世界人口展望2022》,标准人口结构采用WHO 2000—2025年全球标准人口[11]
选取发病率、患病率、死亡率以及伤残调整寿命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years,DALY)作为关键指标,并计算这些指标的95%不确定性区间(Uncertainty Interval,UI)。DALY=新发病例数×疾病严重程度权重×病程年数+(预期寿命-死亡年龄)
使用R 4.3.1进行数据处理与统计分析。使用Joinpoint 5.2.0计算标化发病率与DALY率的平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percentage Change,AAPC)及分段年度百分比变化(Annual Percentage Change,APC),检验标准为α=0.05[12]。构建贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列(Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort,BAPC)模型,预测2022—2036年≥20岁人群脑卒中发病与死亡趋势。模型表达式:
其中α为截距,μi为年龄效应;βj为时期效应;γk为队列效应[13]。通过R-INLA包实现贝叶斯统计推断。参数估计的95%可信区间不包含零值,视为差异具有统计学意义。
1990—2021年,中国脑卒中发病人数增幅达142.65%,标化发病率降幅为9.78%。同期死亡人数增长69.32%,但标化死亡率显著降低43.01%。亚型分析显示,缺血性脑卒中标化发病率上升35.72%,而蛛网膜下腔出血标化死亡率下降82.70%(表1)。
Joinpoint回归分析表明,脑卒中标化发病率AAPC为-0.37%(95% CI: -0.45%~-0.29%),其中缺血性脑卒中呈上升趋势,脑内出血和蛛网膜下腔出血呈下降趋势。脑卒中标化DALY率AAPC为-1.93%(95% CI: -2.07%~-1.80%),其中蛛网膜下腔出血降速最快。分段分析显示,2004—2007年为脑卒中标化DALY率下降最显著阶段(APC=-5.44%,P<0.001)(表2图1)。
1990—2021年期间,男性脑卒中标化发病率始终高于女性,2021年性别比升至1.73。女性标化DALY率降幅达53.52%,显著高于男性的37.69%。亚型层面,男性缺血性脑卒中标化发病率增幅为42.99%,较女性高17.04个百分点;蛛网膜下腔出血标化DALY率在男女性别中分别下降79.13%和83.41%(图1)。2021年75~79岁人群脑卒中标化发病率达2 005.45/10万,较1990年增长5.87%;55~59岁人群标化DALY率降幅最大(57.61%),提示中年干预成效显著(图2)。
与1990年相比,2021年脑卒中主要归因风险仍为高收缩压,标化死亡率77.73/10万,但其贡献度降低33.57%。值得注意的是,低体力活动相关标化死亡率增长222.54%,成为上升最快的风险因素(图3A)。DALY率分析显示,空气污染相关标化DALY率下降65.02%,而高体质指数相关DALY率上升50.62%(图3B)。
BAPC模型预测结果显示,2022—2036年,中国脑卒中发病率和死亡率呈现明显的性别差异,男性的标化发病率将下降到235.41/10万人,下降幅度为3.69%,而女性的标化发病率预计上升至184.75/10万人,增长5.26%;男性标化死亡率下降至163.82/10万人,降低16.69%,女性的标化死亡率下降到80.22/10万人,降低22.79%。亚型预测表明,至2036年,男性缺血性脑卒中标化发病率比2021年下降16.69%;而女性则上升19.49%;脑出血与蛛网膜下腔出血病发率性别差异显著,男性分别下降18.98%和32.18%,女性降幅为24.17%和5.11%(图4)。
本研究揭示1990—2021年中国脑卒中呈现“总量上升、标化率下降”的双重特征,这一矛盾现象与全球老龄化社会疾病负担演变规律一致[14]。可能源于三重驱动机制:人口老龄化导致高危人群基数扩大;诊疗技术革新提升疾病检出灵敏度;三级预防体系降低年龄特异性风险[15-16]。值得注意的是,缺血性脑卒中发病人数和标化发病率均上升;脑内出血和蛛网膜下腔出血均下降,提示需制定亚型特异性防控策略。缺血性脑卒中发病率和死亡率随年龄增长而上升,但晚出生队列的风险较低[17]。预测模型显示,除女性标化发病率外,其他指标均显著下降,提示健康政策和医疗服务改善的积极作用[18]
脑卒中疾病负担存在显著的人口学梯度差异体现在两个方面。性别差异持续扩大,女性卒中风险随生命周期变化,年轻女性风险较高,中年降低,老年再次升高。女性DALY下降速率较男性快,可能与雌激素神经保护作用及男性吸烟暴露率更高相关[19];年龄结构年轻化:20~59岁组发病率年均下降0.7%,但绝对病例数增长35%,反映人口结构转型与危险因素年轻化叠加效应[20]。40岁以下患者占比已达12.4%,远高于美国的7.9%,且该群体中代谢综合征患病率显著高于老年组[21]
中国脑卒中归因危险谱呈现"传统-新兴"双驱动特征:高收缩压、吸烟仍为最主要危险因素,但空气污染和饮食的影响强度持续上升[22]。全球77%的卒中生存者患有高血压,其中1/3未得到有效控制[23]。中国自2007年起实施多项慢性病防控计划,逐渐改善高血压筛查和管理[24]。烟草使用通过尼古丁和一氧化碳等成分加剧脑血管病变[25]。PM2.5暴露与缺血性卒中的关联已在多中心研究中验证[26]。我国钠摄入量仍超WHO标准的2.1倍,但尿钠/钾比下降提示干预措施初见成效[27-28]
近年卒中防治呈现三大技术革新:治疗时间窗拓展,血管内取栓联合替奈普酶将再通时间窗延长至24小时,并降低残疾率[29];监测技术革新,可穿戴设备使房颤检出率提升3.2倍,对应卒中风险下降29%[30-31];风险预测升级,基于机器学习的多模态模型(整合腰围/身高比+动态血压+焦虑量表)较传统Framingham评分提升预测效能[32-34]
本研究空间异质性分析不足,未量化医疗资源可及性对区域差异的影响,此外新兴危险因素未纳入分析。未来研究应构建“环境-临床-社会”多维度监测体系,重点评估分级诊疗政策对疾病负担的影响。
  • 国家社会科学基金(23BRK008)
  • 老年长期照护教育部重点实验室开放课题基金(LNYB-2023-14)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
《中国卒中中心报告2022》编写组.《中国卒中中心报告2022》概要[J].中国脑血管病杂志2024,21(8):565-576.
Report on Stroke Center in China Writing Group. Summary of China Stroke Center Report 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2024, 21(8): 565-576. (In Chinese)
[2]
GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019[J].The Lancet. Neurology, 2021, 20(10): 795-820.
[3]
Al alawi AM, Al busaidi I, Al shibli E, et al. Health outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: retrospective and survival analysis from Oman[J]. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2022, 42(4): 269-275.
[4]
丁晓波.基于倾向性评分匹配的急性缺血性脑卒中复发风险因素及预测模型研究[D].太原:山西医科大学,2024
Ding XB. Study on risk factors and prediction model of acute ischemic stroke recurrence based on propensity score matching[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Medical University, 2024. (In Chinese)
[5]
World Health Organization.Global health estimates: Leading causes of death[EB/OL]. [2025-04-13]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death.
[6]
刘明波,何新叶,杨晓红,等.《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读[J].中国心血管杂志2024,29(4):305-324.
Liu MB, He XY, Yang XH, et al. Interpretation of report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2024, 29(4): 305-324. (In Chinese)
[7]
Chen JQ, Cao X, Xu SS, et al. Global, regional, and National burden of retinoblastoma in infants and young children: findings from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021[J]. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 76: 102860.
[8]
Zhao J, Li XT, Liu XC, et al. Changing the strategy and culture of stroke awareness education in China: implementing stroke 1-2-0[J]. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, 2020, 5(4): 374-380.
[9]
Bai XP, Li ZF, Cai Z, et al. Gender differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke: a longitudinal cohort study in East China[J]. BMC Neurology, 2024, 24(1): 171.
[10]
GBD 2021 Demographics Collaborators. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 1989-2056.
[11]
GBD 2021 Fertility and Forecasting Collaborators. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2057-2099.
[12]
魏俏俏,胡樱,胡迪,等.基于Joinpoint分析1990—2019年中国归因于高BMI的2型糖尿病疾病负担[J].中国卫生统计2024,41(1):2-6.
Wei QQ, Hu Y, Hu D, et al. Analysis of the disease burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Joinpoint regression model[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2024, 41(1): 2-6. (In Chinese)
[13]
Kiyoshige E, Ogata S, O’flaherty M, et al. Projections of future coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in Japan until 2040: a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis[J]. The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, 2023, 31: 100637.
[14]
汤少梁,赵兴华,董慧秋,等.中国、美国和全球居民2010—2019年脑卒中疾病负担趋势年龄-时期-队列分析[J].中国公共卫生2024,40(6):649-658.
Tang SL, Zhao XH, Dong HQ, et al. Changing trends in burden of stroke among residents of China, the United States, and the world during 2010-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis of data from GBD 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2024, 40(6): 649-658. (In Chinese)
[15]
Liu HH, Jin AM, Pan YS, et al. Trends of sex differences and associated factors in stroke outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2007 to 2018[J]. Neurology, 2024, 102(1): e207818.
[16]
Chow EO, Fung SF, Singh H. Actor-partner effects of wellbeing, hope and self-esteem on depression in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2023, 37(3): 394-406.
[17]
王前友,赵博轩,王文安.1990—2019年中国缺血性脑卒中发病和死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析[J].中华全科医学2024,22(6):1059-1063.
Wang QY, Zhao BX, Wang WA. Analysis of trend and age-period-cohort model on ischemic stroke incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 in China[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2024, 22(6): 1059-1063. (In Chinese)
[18]
Wu SM, Wu B, Liu M, et al. Stroke in China: advances and challenges in epidemiology, prevention, and management[J]. Lancet Neurology, 2019, 18(4): 394-405.
[19]
Vyas MV, Silver FL, Austin PC, et al. Stroke incidence by sex across the lifespan[J]. Stroke, 2021, 52(2): 447-451.
[20]
Anonym. Global burden of ischemic stroke in young adults in 204 countries and territories[J]. Neurology, 2024, 102(11): e209328.
[21]
Bukhari S, Yaghi S, Bashir Z. Stroke in young adults[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, 12(15): 4999.
[22]
Wang H, Zhang H, Zou ZY. Changing profiles of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in China: a secondary analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2023, 136(20): 2431-2441.
[23]
Lin QR, Ye TX, Ye PP, et al. Hypertension in stroke survivors and associations with National premature stroke mortality: data for 2.5 million participants from multinational screening campaigns[J]. The Lancet. Global Health , 2022, 10(8): e1141-e1149.
[24]
Gao Y, Liu KD, Fang SK. Changing patterns of stroke and subtypes attributable to high systolic blood pressure in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Stroke, 2024, 55(1): 59-68.
[25]
Toubasi A, Al-Sayegh TN. Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Neurology, 2023, 101(19): e1922-e1932.
[26]
Lee JH, Han KD, Cheon DY, et al. Association between changes in smoking habits and incident fracture after acute ischemic stroke[J]. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2024, 13(11): e034779.
[27]
Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary Sodium and Potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022, 386(3): 252-263.
[28]
Wang Y, Wang JY, Chen SF, et al. Different changing patterns for stroke subtype mortality attributable to high Sodium intake in China during 1990 to 2019[J]. Stroke, 2023, 54(4): 1078-1087.
[29]
Xiong YY, Campbell BCV, Schwamm LH, et al. Tenecteplase for ischemic stroke at 4.5 to 24 hours without thrombectomy[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2024, 391(3): 203-212.
[30]
胡荣.筛查和防治心房颤动 预防缺血性脑卒中[J].中华健康管理学杂志2021,15(2):109-112.
Hu R. Screening and prevention of atrial fibrillation and prevention of ischemic stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 2021, 15(2): 109-112. (In Chinese)
[31]
Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, et al. Large-scale assessment of a Smartwatch to identify atrial fibrillation[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2019, 381(20): 1909-1917.
[32]
Li HL, Qiu JF, Gao Z, et al. Association between waist-to-height ratio and osteoporosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study[J]. Frontiers of Medicine, 2024, 11: 1486611.
[33]
王蓝,张梅,赵振平,等.高尿酸血症与脑卒中发病风险及高血压的中介效应研究[J].中华流行病学杂志2024,45(2):192-199.
Wang L, Zhang M, Zhao ZP, et al. Mediating effect of hypertension on risk of stroke associated with hyperuricemia[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2024, 45(2): 192-199. (In Chinese)
[34]
Whyne EZ, Woo J, Jeon-Slaughter H. The effects of subjective wellbeing and self-rated health on lifetime risk of cardiovascular conditions in women[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(14): 6380.
2025年第52卷第12期
PDF下载
95
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
基金
国家社会科学基金(23BRK008)
老年长期照护教育部重点实验室开放课题基金(LNYB-2023-14)
作者信息
    1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院胰腺肛肠科,广东 广州 510120
    2.广州中医药大学护理学院
    3.中国人民解放军32265部队
    4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院急诊科
    5.海军军医大学卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室

通讯作者:

朱梦兰,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410110
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏