Article(id=1241319154993656295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501419, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737734400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149145, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149145, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149145, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149145, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2223, endPage=2229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319155329200637, articleId=1241319154993656295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on medical quality evaluation and influencing factors of Guangxi tertiary general hospitals under the background of “National examination”, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To comprehensively evaluate the medical quality level of tertiary general hospitals in Guangxi and propose targeted quality improvement strategies.

Methods

Through the fuzzy union of entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and RSR method, we evaluated the medical quality of general hospitals in Guangxi cities and towns from 2019 to 2022, and utilized the obstacle degree model for the diagnosis of obstacle factors of medical quality development.

Results

The top three weights of medical quality evaluation indexes were the percentage of special medical service volume (0.334), the number of patients referred downstream (0.216), and the percentage of commented prescriptions (0.107); the medical quality levels of Nanning City, Liuzhou City, and Guilin City were in the forefront, and that of Fangchenggang City, Laibin City, and Hechi City were in the back; the barrier factor diagnosis showed that the medical quality was greatly affected by functional positioning and rational drug use, with the barrier degree of 73.77% and 17.70% respectively, but the barrier degree of functional positioning showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the barrier degree of rational drug use showed a rising trend year by year, in which the barrier degree of rational drug use in Nanning City and Guilin City in 2022 had exceeded that of functional positioning.

Conclusion

The development of healthcare quality is not balanced between cities in Guangxi and the focus of development is different, tertiary general hospitals should clarify their own functional positioning and strengthen the guarantee of rational medication use.

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目的

综合评价广西三级综合医院医疗质量水平,提出针对性的质量改进策略。

方法

通过熵权TOPSIS法与RSR法的模糊联合,评价2019—2022年广西各地市三级综合医院医疗质量,运用障碍度模型进行医疗质量发展障碍因子诊断。

结果

医疗质量评价指标中权重前三分别为特需医疗服务量占比(0.334)、下转患者人次数(0.216)和点评处方占比(0.107);南宁市、柳州市和桂林市医疗质量水平靠前,防城港市、来宾市和河池市医疗质量水平靠后;障碍因子诊断表明,医疗质量受功能定位和合理用药影响较大,障碍度分别为73.77%和17.70%,但功能定位障碍度呈逐年降低趋势,合理用药障碍度呈逐年上升趋势,其中2022年南宁市和桂林市的合理用药障碍度已超过功能定位。

结论

广西各地市间医疗质量发展不均衡且发展侧重有所不同,应落实三级综合医院自身功能定位,加强合理用药保障,强化重点专科和重点学科建设,提供多元化、个性化的特需服务。

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朱平华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wB4oeVxf2OBdLlHEmCbiKg==, magXml=n10RgkiN8mVfJsuaCf6C8Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kyKroneStjnQRDzS1lFm/w==, pdfFileSize=930703, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KTacFozDg/z9Mb5WjUJCzw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=UE9PL8tx5mC//hF4Y1JwjA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王巧渝(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理

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Frontiers in Public Health, 2025, 13: 1546402., articleTitle=Measurement of the operational efficiency of tertiary public hospitals in Western China: evidence from Guangxi from 2019 to 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172458737902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=67, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=李江峰, 蒋光峰, 陈丽, journalName=中国卫生经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李江峰,蒋光峰,陈丽,等.基于岗位分类的医院药学绩效评价研究[J].中国卫生经济2024,43(1):67-71., articleTitle=基于岗位分类的医院药学绩效评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319172542623986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=67, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Li JF, Jiang GF, Chen L, journalName=Chinese Health Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li JF, Jiang GF, Chen L, et al. Research on hospital pharmacy performance evaluation based on post classification[J]. Chinese Health Economics, 2024, 43(1): 67-71. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on hospital pharmacy performance evaluation based on post classification, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241319167433961537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, awardId=YLZLXZ24G055, language=CN, fundingSource=国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所2024年医疗质量(循证)管理研究立项项目(YLZLXZ24G055), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319167559790664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, awardId=Z-A20232064, language=CN, fundingSource=广西卫生健康委员会委托课题(Z-A20232064), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319167689814095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, awardId=桂科AB16380201, language=CN, fundingSource=广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319167790477395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, awardId=2024RWB02, language=CN, fundingSource=广西健康与经济社会发展研究中心2024年立项课题(2024RWB02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319158902747827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319158911136434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, companyId=1241319158902747827, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319158919525043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, companyId=1241319158902747827, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319159028576954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159036965563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, companyId=1241319159028576954, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西壮族自治区工人医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319159129240256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159141823174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, companyId=1241319159129240256, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广西医疗管理服务指导中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319159305401034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319159313789643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, companyId=1241319159305401034, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西医院协会)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319164888018945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Dimensional Obstacle Levels of Medical Quality in Guangxi from 2019 to 2022, figureFileSmall=7XxPHiwA+u7/vpMLO05fpA==, figureFileBig=KTacFozDg/z9Mb5WjUJCzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319164992876553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2019—2022年广西全区医疗质量维度层障碍水平, figureFileSmall=7XxPHiwA+u7/vpMLO05fpA==, figureFileBig=KTacFozDg/z9Mb5WjUJCzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319166595100700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Dimensional Obstacle Levels of Medical Quality for 14 Cities in Guangxi from 2019 to 2022, figureFileSmall=DiztDnwYAybzW4axZEwz7g==, figureFileBig=NGl5d0yN3zsVhuIbNL2YlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319166716735523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2019—2022年广西14个地市医疗质量维度层障碍水平, figureFileSmall=DiztDnwYAybzW4axZEwz7g==, figureFileBig=NGl5d0yN3zsVhuIbNL2YlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319166955810858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Medical Quality Evaluation Index System and Weight Calculation Results for Tertiary General Hospitals in Guangxi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度层指标层单位指标属性熵值e差异系数d权重W
功能定位(0.695)门诊人次数与出院人次数比比值比低优0.9900.0100.010
下转患者人次数(门急诊、住院)人次高优0.8030.1970.216
日间手术占择期手术比例%高优0.9560.0440.049
出院患者手术占比%高优0.9930.0070.008
出院患者微创手术占比%高优0.9770.0230.025
出院患者四级手术比例%高优0.9630.0370.041
特需医疗服务量占比%高优0.6940.3060.334
病例组合指数(CMI)/高优0.9880.0120.013
质量安全(0.062)手术患者并发症发生%低优0.9910.0090.010
I类切口手术部位感染率%低优0.9960.0040.005
大型医用设备检查阳性率%高优0.9860.0140.015
室间质评项目合格率%高优0.9920.0080.009
低风险组病例死亡率%低优0.9800.0200.022
合理用药(0.175)点评处方占处方总数的比例%高优0.9020.0980.107
抗菌药物使用强度DDDs低优0.9900.0100.011
门诊患者基本药物处方占比%高优0.9870.0130.014
住院患者基本药物使用率%高优0.9810.0190.021
基本药物采购品种数占比%高优0.9800.0200.022
服务流程(0.068)门诊患者平均预约诊疗率%高优0.9650.0350.038
门诊患者预约后平均等待时间min低优0.9810.0190.021
电子病历应用功能水平/高优0.9910.0090.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167064862769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

广西三级综合医院医疗质量评价指标体系以及权重计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度层指标层单位指标属性熵值e差异系数d权重W
功能定位(0.695)门诊人次数与出院人次数比比值比低优0.9900.0100.010
下转患者人次数(门急诊、住院)人次高优0.8030.1970.216
日间手术占择期手术比例%高优0.9560.0440.049
出院患者手术占比%高优0.9930.0070.008
出院患者微创手术占比%高优0.9770.0230.025
出院患者四级手术比例%高优0.9630.0370.041
特需医疗服务量占比%高优0.6940.3060.334
病例组合指数(CMI)/高优0.9880.0120.013
质量安全(0.062)手术患者并发症发生%低优0.9910.0090.010
I类切口手术部位感染率%低优0.9960.0040.005
大型医用设备检查阳性率%高优0.9860.0140.015
室间质评项目合格率%高优0.9920.0080.009
低风险组病例死亡率%低优0.9800.0200.022
合理用药(0.175)点评处方占处方总数的比例%高优0.9020.0980.107
抗菌药物使用强度DDDs低优0.9900.0100.011
门诊患者基本药物处方占比%高优0.9870.0130.014
住院患者基本药物使用率%高优0.9810.0190.021
基本药物采购品种数占比%高优0.9800.0200.022
服务流程(0.068)门诊患者平均预约诊疗率%高优0.9650.0350.038
门诊患者预约后平均等待时间min低优0.9810.0190.021
电子病历应用功能水平/高优0.9910.0090.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167178108980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Medical Quality Evaluation Results from 2019 to 2022 for 14 Cities Using Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS and RSR Methods Fuzzy Joint Evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地市年份熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法的模糊联合
Ci排序RSR排序0.1Ci+0.9RSR排序0.5Ci+0.5RSR排序0.9Ci+0.1RSR排序
南宁市20190.43420.63340.61340.53420.4542
20200.40840.62940.60740.51940.4304
20210.58130.69410.68310.63820.5923
20220.75820.68410.69110.72120.7512
柳州市20190.63910.68020.67610.66010.6431
20200.60820.64310.64020.62620.6122
20210.44140.67720.65330.55940.4654
20220.53030.62630.61630.57830.5403
桂林市20190.21870.69210.64520.45540.2655
20200.72410.63920.64810.68210.7161
20210.68010.66330.66520.67210.6781
20220.80610.65020.66620.72810.7901
梧州市20190.37030.54860.53060.45930.3883
20200.24450.56660.53460.40560.2765
20210.152100.495100.461100.324100.18610
20220.20160.53980.50580.37070.2356
北海市20190.22360.461110.437110.34280.2477
20200.22670.439120.418110.333100.2478
20210.17380.54170.50460.35790.2108
20220.15180.54170.50290.34680.1908
防城港市20190.099140.388140.359140.244140.12814
20200.094130.352140.326140.223140.12013
20210.117110.248140.235140.183140.13014
20220.112120.413130.383130.263130.14213
钦州市20190.20380.476100.449100.34090.2308
20200.23160.5418.50.51080.38670.2626
20210.22860.52090.49190.37470.2576
20220.23250.53990.50870.38650.2635
贵港市20190.16890.429120.403120.299120.19410
20200.18090.5418.50.50590.36180.2169
20210.21270.53180.49970.37280.2447
20220.23440.56050.52750.39740.2674
玉林市20190.24740.59250.55850.42050.2824
20200.21180.60450.56550.40850.2507
20210.16490.58550.54350.37560.2069
20220.16870.57840.53740.37360.2097
百色市20190.152110.66830.61630.41060.2049
20200.45130.63330.61530.54230.4693
20210.60120.65640.65140.62930.6072
20220.13090.55860.51560.34490.1739
贺州市20190.117120.50280.46490.310110.15612
20200.122110.524100.484100.323110.16211
20210.28150.473110.454110.37750.3005
20220.121100.457110.423110.289110.15511
河池市20190.22750.50290.47580.36570.2556
20200.119120.439110.407120.279120.15112
20210.111120.442120.409120.277120.14412
20220.108140.413140.383140.261140.13914
来宾市20190.109130.418130.387130.264130.14013
20200.083140.391130.360130.237130.11414
20210.105130.432130.399130.269130.13813
20220.120110.515100.476100.318100.16010
崇左市20190.153100.51270.47670.333100.18911
20200.138100.56070.51870.34990.18010
20210.100140.54360.49980.322110.14411
20220.112130.427120.396120.270120.14412
), ArticleFig(id=1241319167295549499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319154993656295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2022年14个地市医疗质量熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法模糊联合评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地市年份熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法的模糊联合
Ci排序RSR排序0.1Ci+0.9RSR排序0.5Ci+0.5RSR排序0.9Ci+0.1RSR排序
南宁市20190.43420.63340.61340.53420.4542
20200.40840.62940.60740.51940.4304
20210.58130.69410.68310.63820.5923
20220.75820.68410.69110.72120.7512
柳州市20190.63910.68020.67610.66010.6431
20200.60820.64310.64020.62620.6122
20210.44140.67720.65330.55940.4654
20220.53030.62630.61630.57830.5403
桂林市20190.21870.69210.64520.45540.2655
20200.72410.63920.64810.68210.7161
20210.68010.66330.66520.67210.6781
20220.80610.65020.66620.72810.7901
梧州市20190.37030.54860.53060.45930.3883
20200.24450.56660.53460.40560.2765
20210.152100.495100.461100.324100.18610
20220.20160.53980.50580.37070.2356
北海市20190.22360.461110.437110.34280.2477
20200.22670.439120.418110.333100.2478
20210.17380.54170.50460.35790.2108
20220.15180.54170.50290.34680.1908
防城港市20190.099140.388140.359140.244140.12814
20200.094130.352140.326140.223140.12013
20210.117110.248140.235140.183140.13014
20220.112120.413130.383130.263130.14213
钦州市20190.20380.476100.449100.34090.2308
20200.23160.5418.50.51080.38670.2626
20210.22860.52090.49190.37470.2576
20220.23250.53990.50870.38650.2635
贵港市20190.16890.429120.403120.299120.19410
20200.18090.5418.50.50590.36180.2169
20210.21270.53180.49970.37280.2447
20220.23440.56050.52750.39740.2674
玉林市20190.24740.59250.55850.42050.2824
20200.21180.60450.56550.40850.2507
20210.16490.58550.54350.37560.2069
20220.16870.57840.53740.37360.2097
百色市20190.152110.66830.61630.41060.2049
20200.45130.63330.61530.54230.4693
20210.60120.65640.65140.62930.6072
20220.13090.55860.51560.34490.1739
贺州市20190.117120.50280.46490.310110.15612
20200.122110.524100.484100.323110.16211
20210.28150.473110.454110.37750.3005
20220.121100.457110.423110.289110.15511
河池市20190.22750.50290.47580.36570.2556
20200.119120.439110.407120.279120.15112
20210.111120.442120.409120.277120.14412
20220.108140.413140.383140.261140.13914
来宾市20190.109130.418130.387130.264130.14013
20200.083140.391130.360130.237130.11414
20210.105130.432130.399130.269130.13813
20220.120110.515100.476100.318100.16010
崇左市20190.153100.51270.47670.333100.18911
20200.138100.56070.51870.34990.18010
20210.100140.54360.49980.322110.14411
20220.112130.427120.396120.270120.14412
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“国考”背景下广西三级综合医院医疗质量评价及影响因素研究
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王巧渝 1 , 黄俊杰 1 , 何晨 2 , 黄宗金 3 , 柴燕霞 1 , 韦波 4 , 朱平华 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(12): 2223-2229
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(12): 2223-2229
“国考”背景下广西三级综合医院医疗质量评价及影响因素研究
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王巧渝1, 黄俊杰1, 何晨2, 黄宗金3, 柴燕霞1, 韦波4, 朱平华1
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西壮族自治区工人医院
  • 3.广西医疗管理服务指导中心
  • 4.广西医院协会
  • 王巧渝(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理

通讯作者:

朱平华,E-mail:
Research on medical quality evaluation and influencing factors of Guangxi tertiary general hospitals under the background of “National examination”
Qiao-yu WANG1, Jun-jie HUANG1, Chen HE2, Zong-jin HUANG3, Yan-xia CHAI1, Bo WEI4, Ping-hua ZHU1
Affiliations
  • School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501419
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目的

综合评价广西三级综合医院医疗质量水平,提出针对性的质量改进策略。

方法

通过熵权TOPSIS法与RSR法的模糊联合,评价2019—2022年广西各地市三级综合医院医疗质量,运用障碍度模型进行医疗质量发展障碍因子诊断。

结果

医疗质量评价指标中权重前三分别为特需医疗服务量占比(0.334)、下转患者人次数(0.216)和点评处方占比(0.107);南宁市、柳州市和桂林市医疗质量水平靠前,防城港市、来宾市和河池市医疗质量水平靠后;障碍因子诊断表明,医疗质量受功能定位和合理用药影响较大,障碍度分别为73.77%和17.70%,但功能定位障碍度呈逐年降低趋势,合理用药障碍度呈逐年上升趋势,其中2022年南宁市和桂林市的合理用药障碍度已超过功能定位。

结论

广西各地市间医疗质量发展不均衡且发展侧重有所不同,应落实三级综合医院自身功能定位,加强合理用药保障,强化重点专科和重点学科建设,提供多元化、个性化的特需服务。

三级综合医院  /  医疗质量  /  绩效考核  /  影响因素
Objective

To comprehensively evaluate the medical quality level of tertiary general hospitals in Guangxi and propose targeted quality improvement strategies.

Methods

Through the fuzzy union of entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and RSR method, we evaluated the medical quality of general hospitals in Guangxi cities and towns from 2019 to 2022, and utilized the obstacle degree model for the diagnosis of obstacle factors of medical quality development.

Results

The top three weights of medical quality evaluation indexes were the percentage of special medical service volume (0.334), the number of patients referred downstream (0.216), and the percentage of commented prescriptions (0.107); the medical quality levels of Nanning City, Liuzhou City, and Guilin City were in the forefront, and that of Fangchenggang City, Laibin City, and Hechi City were in the back; the barrier factor diagnosis showed that the medical quality was greatly affected by functional positioning and rational drug use, with the barrier degree of 73.77% and 17.70% respectively, but the barrier degree of functional positioning showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the barrier degree of rational drug use showed a rising trend year by year, in which the barrier degree of rational drug use in Nanning City and Guilin City in 2022 had exceeded that of functional positioning.

Conclusion

The development of healthcare quality is not balanced between cities in Guangxi and the focus of development is different, tertiary general hospitals should clarify their own functional positioning and strengthen the guarantee of rational medication use.

Tertiary general hospital  /  Medical quality  /  Performance appraisal  /  Influencing factors
王巧渝, 黄俊杰, 何晨, 黄宗金, 柴燕霞, 韦波, 朱平华. “国考”背景下广西三级综合医院医疗质量评价及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2223 -2229 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501419
Qiao-yu WANG, Jun-jie HUANG, Chen HE, Zong-jin HUANG, Yan-xia CHAI, Bo WEI, Ping-hua ZHU. Research on medical quality evaluation and influencing factors of Guangxi tertiary general hospitals under the background of “National examination”[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2223 -2229 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501419
近年来,国家先后印发《关于加强三级公立医院绩效考核工作的意见》《关于开展全面提升医疗质量行动(2023—2025年)的通知》等文件强调公立医院医疗质量的重要性。绩效考核作为提高医疗质量的重要抓手,是现代医院管理制度的重要内容。2009年起我国开始探索公立医院绩效考核相关理论与政策,并于2019年进入全方位实施阶段[1]。医疗质量与患者安全是医疗服务的根本[2],三级公立医院绩效考核将医疗质量作为首要指标,从功能定位、质量安全、合理用药和服务流程四个维度进行评价,旨在提升医疗机构的管理水平,增强服务能力,保障公众健康权益,推动医疗卫生事业的高质量发展[3]
科学评价医疗质量对于医院整体发展至关重要,多种方法组合的医疗质量评价已成为主流趋势[4]。目前基于绩效考核下的医疗质量评价研究大多以科室或医院为研究对象,鲜有以地市为研究对象。本研究结合熵权TOPSIS法与RSR法模糊联合对广西各地市的医疗质量进行综合评价,并分析医疗质量发展的影响因素,有助于各地市识别医疗质量管理中的薄弱环节和优先改进事项,同时为各地卫生健康行政部门提供依据,帮助其了解区域内三级综合医院的医疗质量现状,并制定针对性的国考质量改进方案。
数据来源于2019—2022年广西三级公立医院绩效考核数据,研究选取了2019—2022年参加国家三级公立医院绩效考核的广西三级公立综合医院,以地市作为研究对象,按照三级综合医院所在地市进行数据的归类处理,最终每年纳入40家广西三级综合医院。
本研究基于《国家三级公立医院绩效考核操作手册》和相关文献研究成果,从功能定位、质量安全、合理用药和服务流程四个维度对医疗质量进行评价。功能定位要求三级综合医院实现分级诊疗,发挥区域医疗核心作用[5],反映了医院收治危重患者及处置复杂、高难度手术的能力;质量安全作为医疗质量的基石,直接关系到人民群众的生命健康;合理用药作为医疗质量监管的关键环节,充分体现了公立医院的功能定位和公益性质[6];服务流程主要从患者就医体验、医院信息化水平等方面考核医院改善医疗服务效果。
考虑到研究需要和数据的可分析性,本研究剔除了以下四个指标:①单病种质量控制涉及多个单病种例数、平均住院日、次均费用和病死率等指标,因各医院数据缺失较多,无法有效评价;②大型医用设备维修保养及质量控制管理为定性指标,难以精确量化;③2019—2022年广西三级综合医院优质护理服务病房覆盖率均为100%,无差异性,故未纳入此指标;④国家组织药品集中采购中标药品使用比例方面,2022年缺少具体的中标药品用量和同种药品用量的数据,无法准确计算,出于数据完整性和准确性考虑,剔除此指标。为更好地评价DRG支付方式下三级综合医院的疑难病例救治能力,在功能定位维度增加了病例组合指数(CMI)[7]这一指标;并结合相关文献[8]对电子病历应用功能水平分级进行乘10的等级转化,以更好地评价三级综合医院的服务流程。最终构建了包括4个维度、21个指标的广西三级公立综合医院医疗质量评价指标体系,详见表1
熵权TOPSIS法是熵权法与TOPSIS法的结合,熵权法通过标准化处理和客观确定权重,避免人为干扰;TOPSIS法是一种多属性决策分析方法,其基本原理是通过计算各个备选方案与理想解和负理想解的距离,来评判各个方案的优劣。
RSR法通过秩转换获取无量纲统计量进行排序和分档,其广泛应用于医疗卫生领域[9],通过构建n×m矩阵(m=21,n=14),对高优指标和低优指标分别进行从小到大和从大到小的编秩处理,以获得无量纲统计量RSR。依据公式计算RSR值,并对结果进行排序。RSR值范围在(0,1)之间,值越大方案越优。
本研究采用FUZZY SET思想使用熵权TOPSIS法与RSR法二者模糊联合[10],设Ci值和RSR值的权重比为W1:W2,求W1Ci×W2RSR值,权重比分为1:0、0:1、0.1:0.9、0.5:0.5以及0.9:0.1这5档,值越大结果越优。根据“择多原则”确定合理排序的综合评价结果,以确保研究的科学性。
障碍度模型建立在综合评价模型的基础上,对影响事物发展的障碍因素进行全面挖掘,障碍度越高越亟需优化[11]。本研究通过障碍度模型测算2019—2022年各地市医疗质量维度层的阻碍程度,寻找出制约广西医疗质量发展的主要障碍因素,并通过绘制雷达图进行结果可视化分析,计算公式如下:
公式(1)~(2)中,1-Zij为指标偏离度,Oij表示单项指标的障碍度,Oi表示第i个维度层的障碍度。
医疗质量评价维度中,权重最大的为功能定位(0.695)、其次为合理用药(0.175),服务流程(0.068)和质量安全(0.062)权重最小;评价指标中权重排名前3的为特需医疗服务量占比(0.334)、下转患者人次数(0.216)和点评处方占处方总数的比例(0.107),权重最小为I类切口手术部位感染率(0.005),具体见表1。权重越大的评价指标对医疗质量综合评价结果的影响越大,反之亦然。
运用熵权TOPSIS法与RSR法二者模糊联合法对2019—2022年广西各地市三级综合医院医疗质量进行综合评价,结果详见表2。依据“择多原则”对各地市医疗质量进行综合排序,2019年排名前3位分别为柳州市、南宁市和梧州市,后3位分别为防城港市、来宾市和贵港市;2020年排名前3位分别为桂林市、柳州市和百色市,后3位分别为防城港市、来宾市和河池市;2021年排名前3位分别为桂林市、南宁市和百色市,后3位分别为防城港市、来宾市和河池市;2022年排名前3位分别为桂林市、南宁市和柳州市,后3位分别为河池市、防城港市和崇左市。
上文虽然对广西14个地市的医疗质量水平进行了综合评价,但还需要通过障碍度模型从维度层进行障碍因子诊断,以找出影响医疗质量发展的主次原因。本研究用14个地市各维度的平均障碍度代表广西全区各维度的障碍度,从图1可见,2019—2022年广西三级综合医院医疗质量发展主要受功能定位的影响,平均障碍水平为73.77%,功能定位障碍度呈逐年降低趋势;其次为合理用药,平均障碍水平为17.70%,合理用药障碍度呈逐年上升趋势;质量安全和服务流程的障碍水平较低,平均障碍水平分别为3.93%和4.60%。
对14个地市维度层的障碍度进行分析,并绘制2019—2022年各地市维度层障碍水平的雷达图,见图2。2019—2022年广西14个地市的质量安全和服务流程障碍度较小,合理用药和功能定位的障碍度较大,这与广西全区基本一致,但2022年南宁市和桂林市的合理用药障碍度超过功能定位。
熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法在卫生管理领域应用较多,熵权法通过标准化处理和客观确定权重,避免人为干扰;TOPSIS法通过计算各个备选方案与理想解和负理想解的距离,来评判各个方案的优劣,但易受极端值的影响[12];RSR法通过秩转换获取无量纲统计量进行排序和分档,但在编秩处理中无法对原始指标信息进行有效利用。
单独使用上述一种方法进行评价会存在局限性,本研究运用FUZZY SET理论使用熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法的模糊联合,通过设定5档Ci值和RSR值的权重比,并依据“择多原则”进行综合排序,以确保评价结果的科学性。本研究还运用障碍度模型对广西各地市医疗质量发展的各维度的障碍因子进行测算,分析其影响因素,有助于各地市识别医疗质量管理中的薄弱环节和优先改进事项,以更好提高当地医疗质量水平。
综合熵权TOPSIS法和RSR法二者模糊联合评价结果可知,南宁市、柳州市和桂林市其医疗质量水平靠前,这与其经济相对发达、三级综合医院数量较多等因素有关;防城港市、来宾市和河池市的医疗质量水平靠后;但是百色市作为只有两家三级综合医院的地市,在2020年和2021年医疗质量水平排名前3,说明尽管医疗质量水平与医院层级规模、所处地区经济等客观因素关系相关,但也需要医院找准自身定位和发展方向[13]
在医疗质量评价指标中,权重排名前三的指标分别为功能定位维度下的特需医疗服务量占比、下转患者人次数(门急诊、住院)以及合理用药维度下的点评处方占处方总数的比例,权重值分别为0.334、0.216和0.107,这一结果与杨思秋等人[8]的研究结果基本一致。在医疗质量评价维度中,权重较高的为功能定位,权重分别为0.695。广西各地市应明确三级综合医院功能定位,发挥其引领带头作用,各地市医疗质量提升工作应重点围绕落实功能定位,建议提高下转患者人次数,推动三级综合医院提升疑难病例救治能力,优化特需医疗服务;同时三级综合医院应响应医联体建设,积极推进分级诊疗制度的实施,积极通过“急慢分治、上下联动”将适宜患者向下转诊以提高医疗资源利用效率以及加快优质医疗资源的下沉工作,使得三级综合公立医院的定位更加明确,从而使医疗质量水平得到提升。
通过医疗质量障碍因子诊断,2019—2022年广西三级综合医院医疗质量发展主要受功能定位的影响,其次为合理用药,其中,功能定位障碍度呈逐年降低趋势,合理用药障碍度呈逐年上升趋势。各地市医疗质量发展主要受功能定位的影响,其次为合理用药,这与广西全区基本一致。但2022年南宁市和桂林市的合理用药障碍度超过功能定位。根据RSR法分档结果,“较好”的为南宁、柳州、桂林市,“中等”的为梧州、北海、钦州、贵港、玉林、百色、贺州和崇左市,“较差”的为防城港、来宾和河池市,各地市应根据区域内三级综合医院医疗质量发展情况,出台针对性的医疗质量提升策略。
尽管功能定位障碍度呈逐年降低趋势,但其仍是阻碍绝大多数地市医疗质量发展的重要因素,其中特需医疗服务量占比的障碍度较大,这可能与医院提供的特需医疗服务种类较少、医务人员开具特需医疗服务的积极性不高、患者不知晓等因素有关。建议三级综合医院在保证基本医疗需求的基础上,扩大特需医疗服务量,通过提供多样化的特需医疗服务以满足患者个性化高层次的医疗需求,并通过医院显示屏、公众号、宣传册等渠道加大宣传力度,使患者能自主选择多样化的特需医疗服务,此外,应制定相应的特需医疗服务激励制度,提升医务人员的积极性。此次调查样本均为三级及以上综合医院,功能定位主要以收治急危重症和疑难杂症为主[14]。从实地调研数据来看,分档结果“较好”的地区,优势医疗资源聚集,对周边城市患者虹吸效应明显,有足够的患者数量来调整收治结构,因此该地区的医院可以主攻区域内疑难杂症,加强医疗服务供给能力,提高“出院患者手术占比”“出院患者四级手术占比”和“出院患者微创手术占比”等指标表现[15]。分档结果“一般”的地区,拥有一定体量的医疗卫生资源,能够覆盖区域内常见疾病及较高难度手术的诊疗需求,因此该地区要在保障基本医疗服务供给的基础上,拓展医疗业务范围,优化服务结构,扩大特需医疗服务供给,以满足患者多元化、个性化的医疗需求。分档结果“较差”的地区,医疗服务供给能力与上述地区相比还存在一定差距,在高难度手术、罕见病诊治、高端医疗服务等方面还存在不足,因此建议该地区加强医院重点学科、重点专科建设,打造优势专科,增强医院品牌影响力,同时聚焦攻克地区高发病和高外转病,提升核心竞争力。
广西三级综合医院合理用药障碍度呈现上升的趋势,且点评处方占处方总数的比例的障碍度较大。综合权重以及障碍因子诊断,各三级综合医院应规范点评处方管理制度,定期组织专项小组对处方和医嘱进行点评,并使医师、药师、护士和患者共同参与用药过程,逐步推动药学服务模式转变。通过大数据智能审核和人工审核相结合的方式对不合理的处方进行识别,通过处方前置审核与处方事后点评相结合,对超常用药进行干预和跟踪管理,保障临床用药安全[16]。同时,研究还对地区合理用药实际情况进行深入分析。2022年,广西各地市抗菌药物使用强度(DDDs)的25分位值,中位值和75分位值分别为36.005、36.875和38.538。分档结果“较差”的地区在抗菌药物使用控制上表现较好,其中来宾市的DDDs值为32.87,属于全区最优水平。相反,分档结果“较好”的地区的DDDs值均超过广西中位值和全区均值(36.65),建议该地区合理提高基本药物的使用占比,规范用药。
  • 国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所2024年医疗质量(循证)管理研究立项项目(YLZLXZ24G055)
  • 广西卫生健康委员会委托课题(Z-A20232064)
  • 广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380201)
  • 广西健康与经济社会发展研究中心2024年立项课题(2024RWB02)
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2025年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501419
  • 接收时间:2025-01-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-25
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国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所2024年医疗质量(循证)管理研究立项项目(YLZLXZ24G055)
广西卫生健康委员会委托课题(Z-A20232064)
广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380201)
广西健康与经济社会发展研究中心2024年立项课题(2024RWB02)
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    1.广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西壮族自治区工人医院
    3.广西医疗管理服务指导中心
    4.广西医院协会

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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