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Article(id=1241319153898934956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501159, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883148883, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883148883, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883148883, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883148883, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2242, endPage=2248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319154230284992, articleId=1241319153898934956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the correlation between online dating and sexual behavior among transnational migrant populations, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation between online dating and the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors among transnational migrant populations, and to provide scientific evidence for preventing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among transnational migrant populations.

Methods

The snowball sampling method was adopted to collect data on transnational migrant populations residing in China. The initial survey seeds were from Yiwu, Guangzhou, Beijing and Hangzhou. Demographic information and data related to sexual behaviors (including the number of casual sexual partners, dating methods, the frequency of condom use, etc.) were collected through questionnaires. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between dating methods and risky sexual behaviors.

Results

A total of 341 people were surveyed, with 199 people using condoms consistently, accounting for 58.36%; 99 people using condoms sometimes, accounting for 29.03%; and 43 people never using condoms, accounting for 12.61%. 112 people had multiple casual partners, accounting for 32.84%; and 229 people had only one casual partner, accounting for 67.16%. 48 people met their casual partners through online dating, accounting for 14.08%; and 293 people met their casual partners through non-online dating, accounting for 85.92%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those who met their casual partners through online dating, those who met their casual partners through non-online dating had a higher probability of using condoms consistently (OR value of 3.358, 95% CI of 1.184-9.522).

Conclusion

Unprotected sexual behaviors among transnational migrant populations are associated with online dating.

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目的

探讨跨国流动人群网络交友与发生风险性行为的相关性，为预防跨国流动人群艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）传播提供科学的证据。

方法

采用滚雪球抽样法收集居住在中国的跨国流动人群的数据，初始调查种子来自义乌、广州、北京和杭州，通过问卷收集人口学信息、与性行为相关的数据（包括临时性伴的数量、交友途径、使用安全套的频率等）。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析交友途径与风险性行为的相关性。

结果

调查341人，每次均使用安全套199人，占58.36％；有时使用安全套99人，占29.03%；从不使用安全套43人，占12.61%。拥有多名临时性伴者112人，占32.84％；无多名临时性伴者229人，占67.16％。通过网络途径交友者48人，占14.08%；通过非网络途径交友者293人，占85.92%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，相比通过网络途径交友者，通过非网络途径交友者其每次均使用安全套的概率更高（OR值为3.358，95％CI为1.184~9.522）。

结论

跨国流动人群发生无保护措施风险性行为与网络交友有关。

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徐俊芳，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mRdQwypy77kQWLNfiro/ig==, magXml=/Lisb63JbJ+01p9bWHc2bA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=l0OXdmJtztlDAymdpj7fHg==, pdfFileSize=747653, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=o+w51Dl4AI7VwonXsxsyAQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王纾玥（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：传染病防治

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Influencing factors for unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319155194974973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319155199169278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, companyId=1241319155194974973, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319155207557887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, companyId=1241319155194974973, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院，浙江 杭州 310058)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319155278861062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319155287249671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, companyId=1241319155278861062, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.常山县疾病预防控制中心（常山县卫生监督所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319158273594240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of the survey subjects（n=341）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数构成比（%）
性别
男26978.89
女7221.11
年龄（岁）
<258524.93
25~2918554.25
30~344713.78
>34247.04
受教育年限（年）
0216.16
1~59628.15
6~10133.81
>1021161.88
婚姻状况
未婚29686.80
已婚267.63
丧偶/离异/其他195.57
个人年可支配收入（元）
≤50 00023268.03
50 001~100 0006017.60
100 001~150 000185.28
>150 000319.09
来源地区
非洲18654.55
亚洲11433.43
欧洲和美洲4112.02
是否能用汉语与他人交流
能流利交流8725.51
大部分情况下可以13138.42
有点困难9527.86
非常困难288.21
是否长期居住在中国
是16247.51
否17952.49
在中国和谁住在一起
单独17551.32
配偶/伴侣236.74
朋友12235.78
父母或子女41.17
其他亲属174.99
在中国是否有医疗保险
有29686.80
没有4513.20
性伴侣的国籍
中国人10530.79
非中国人15445.16
两者都有8224.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241319158374257543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本特征（n=341）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数构成比（%）
性别
男26978.89
女7221.11
年龄（岁）
<258524.93
25~2918554.25
30~344713.78
>34247.04
受教育年限（年）
0216.16
1~59628.15
6~10133.81
>1021161.88
婚姻状况
未婚29686.80
已婚267.63
丧偶/离异/其他195.57
个人年可支配收入（元）
≤50 00023268.03
50 001~100 0006017.60
100 001~150 000185.28
>150 000319.09
来源地区
非洲18654.55
亚洲11433.43
欧洲和美洲4112.02
是否能用汉语与他人交流
能流利交流8725.51
大部分情况下可以13138.42
有点困难9527.86
非常困难288.21
是否长期居住在中国
是16247.51
否17952.49
在中国和谁住在一起
单独17551.32
配偶/伴侣236.74
朋友12235.78
父母或子女41.17
其他亲属174.99
在中国是否有医疗保险
有29686.80
没有4513.20
性伴侣的国籍
中国人10530.79
非中国人15445.16
两者都有8224.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241319158479115154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The use of condoms among people who date through different methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
交友途径安全套使用频率
每次有时从不
人数百分比人数百分比人数百分比
网络2450.001429.171020.83
非网络17559.738529.013311.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241319158613332893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同交友途径者使用安全套情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
交友途径安全套使用频率
每次有时从不
人数百分比人数百分比人数百分比
网络2450.001429.171020.83
非网络17559.738529.013311.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241319158768522151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risky sexual behaviors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组使用安全套频率（1=每次，2=有时，3=从未）
βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
交友途径非网络网络1.2110.5325.1890.0233.358(1.184~9.522)
性别
男女2.3740.51321.4440.00010.739(3.932~29.329)
年龄（岁）
25~29<25-0.3220.5280.3730.5420.725(0.258~2.038)
30~341.0241.0171.0130.3142.784(0.379~20.435)
>340.3441.0480.1080.7431.411(0.181~11.009)
受教育（年）
1~50-1.0471.0870.9290.3350.351(0.042~2.953)
6~10-2.3771.3912.9220.0870.093(0.006~1.417)
>10-0.8330.9970.6970.4040.435(0.062~3.071)
婚姻状况
已婚未婚-1.8450.8554.6620.0310.158(0.030~0.843)
离异/丧偶/其他-0.8940.8251.1730.2790.409(0.081~2.062)
个人年可支配收入（元）
50 001~100 000≤50 000-0.3360.5940.3200.5710.714(0.223~2.289)
100 001~150 0000.6101.0800.3190.5721.840(0.222~15.291)
>150 0000.1250.8260.0230.8801.133(0.225~5.713)
来源地区
亚洲非洲0.1590.5030.1000.7521.172(0.438~3.141)
欧洲和美洲1.4810.8113.3380.0684.399(0.898~21.553)
是否能用汉语与他人交流
大部分情况下可以能流利交流-1.1670.7282.5690.1090.311(0.075~1.297)
有点困难-1.4200.7113.9910.0460.242(0.060~0.974)
非常困难-2.0590.8935.3210.0210.128(0.022~0.734)
是否长期居住在中国
是否0.3470.4650.5550.4561.414(0.568~3.522)
在中国和谁住在一起
配偶/伴侣单独-1.3350.8922.2390.1350.263(0.046~1.512)
朋友-0.8390.5062.7450.0980.432(0.160~1.166)
父母或子女-2.8371.5783.2330.0720.059(0.003~1.291)
其他亲属-1.3280.8402.4980.1140.265(0.051~1.375)
在中国是否有医疗保险
有没有-1.3530.7493.2680.0710.258(0.060~1.121)
性伴侣的国籍
非中国人中国人0.1670.5620.0880.7671.181(0.393~3.555)
两者都有1.5940.7724.2590.0394.923(1.083~22.368)
变量参照组是否有多名性伴（0=否，1=是）
βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
交友途径
非网络网络0.4400.3741.3850.2391.553(0.746~3.231)
性别
男女-0.7920.3854.2240.0400.453(0.213~0.964)
年龄（岁）
25~29<250.2150.3410.3990.5281.240(0.636~2.419)
30~340.3680.4990.5440.4611.445(0.544~3.840)
>34-0.6060.6110.9850.3210.545(0.165~1.806)
受教育（年）
1~50-0.0830.6150.0180.8920.920(0.276~3.073)
6~100.3060.9020.1150.7341.358(0.232~7.964)
>100.2210.5970.1370.7111.248(0.387~4.021)
婚姻状况
已婚未婚0.4930.5850.7110.3991.638(0.520~5.158)
离异/丧偶/其他0.9050.6601.8810.1702.473(0.678~9.017)
个人年可支配收入（元）
50 001~100 000≤50 000-1.0120.3448.6580.0030.364(0.185~0.713)
100 001~150 000-0.2290.5580.1680.6820.796(0.267~2.374)
>150 000-0.3150.4860.4190.5170.730(0.281~1.893)
来源地区
亚洲非洲0.1450.3110.2160.6421.156(0.628~2.125)
欧洲和美洲-0.3250.4180.6070.4360.722(0.319~1.638)
是否能用汉语与他人交流
大部分情况下可以能流利交流-0.2000.3720.2880.5910.819(0.395~1.698)
有点困难-0.5090.3781.8090.1790.601(0.286~1.262)
非常困难-0.8970.5702.4750.1160.408(0.133~1.247)
是否长期居住在中国
是否-0.1250.2950.1790.6720.883(0.495~1.574)
在中国和谁住在一起
配偶/伴侣单独0.4100.5720.5130.4741.507(0.491~4.627)
朋友0.5810.3003.7610.0521.789(0.994~3.219)
父母或子女-0.1901.1660.0270.8700.827(0.084~8.127)
其他亲属0.0990.6150.0260.8721.104(0.331~3.686)
在中国是否有医疗保险
有没有0.6580.4032.6640.1031.930(0.876~4.250)
性伴侣的国籍
非中国人中国人-0.4480.3461.6780.1950.639(0.324~1.258)
两者都有-1.4430.35816.2470.0000.236(0.117~0.477)
), ArticleFig(id=1241319158906934192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319153898934956, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

风险性行为相关的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组使用安全套频率（1=每次，2=有时，3=从未）
βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
交友途径非网络网络1.2110.5325.1890.0233.358(1.184~9.522)
性别
男女2.3740.51321.4440.00010.739(3.932~29.329)
年龄（岁）
25~29<25-0.3220.5280.3730.5420.725(0.258~2.038)
30~341.0241.0171.0130.3142.784(0.379~20.435)
>340.3441.0480.1080.7431.411(0.181~11.009)
受教育（年）
1~50-1.0471.0870.9290.3350.351(0.042~2.953)
6~10-2.3771.3912.9220.0870.093(0.006~1.417)
>10-0.8330.9970.6970.4040.435(0.062~3.071)
婚姻状况
已婚未婚-1.8450.8554.6620.0310.158(0.030~0.843)
离异/丧偶/其他-0.8940.8251.1730.2790.409(0.081~2.062)
个人年可支配收入（元）
50 001~100 000≤50 000-0.3360.5940.3200.5710.714(0.223~2.289)
100 001~150 0000.6101.0800.3190.5721.840(0.222~15.291)
>150 0000.1250.8260.0230.8801.133(0.225~5.713)
来源地区
亚洲非洲0.1590.5030.1000.7521.172(0.438~3.141)
欧洲和美洲1.4810.8113.3380.0684.399(0.898~21.553)
是否能用汉语与他人交流
大部分情况下可以能流利交流-1.1670.7282.5690.1090.311(0.075~1.297)
有点困难-1.4200.7113.9910.0460.242(0.060~0.974)
非常困难-2.0590.8935.3210.0210.128(0.022~0.734)
是否长期居住在中国
是否0.3470.4650.5550.4561.414(0.568~3.522)
在中国和谁住在一起
配偶/伴侣单独-1.3350.8922.2390.1350.263(0.046~1.512)
朋友-0.8390.5062.7450.0980.432(0.160~1.166)
父母或子女-2.8371.5783.2330.0720.059(0.003~1.291)
其他亲属-1.3280.8402.4980.1140.265(0.051~1.375)
在中国是否有医疗保险
有没有-1.3530.7493.2680.0710.258(0.060~1.121)
性伴侣的国籍
非中国人中国人0.1670.5620.0880.7671.181(0.393~3.555)
两者都有1.5940.7724.2590.0394.923(1.083~22.368)
变量参照组是否有多名性伴（0=否，1=是）
βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
交友途径
非网络网络0.4400.3741.3850.2391.553(0.746~3.231)
性别
男女-0.7920.3854.2240.0400.453(0.213~0.964)
年龄（岁）
25~29<250.2150.3410.3990.5281.240(0.636~2.419)
30~340.3680.4990.5440.4611.445(0.544~3.840)
>34-0.6060.6110.9850.3210.545(0.165~1.806)
受教育（年）
1~50-0.0830.6150.0180.8920.920(0.276~3.073)
6~100.3060.9020.1150.7341.358(0.232~7.964)
>100.2210.5970.1370.7111.248(0.387~4.021)
婚姻状况
已婚未婚0.4930.5850.7110.3991.638(0.520~5.158)
离异/丧偶/其他0.9050.6601.8810.1702.473(0.678~9.017)
个人年可支配收入（元）
50 001~100 000≤50 000-1.0120.3448.6580.0030.364(0.185~0.713)
100 001~150 000-0.2290.5580.1680.6820.796(0.267~2.374)
>150 000-0.3150.4860.4190.5170.730(0.281~1.893)
来源地区
亚洲非洲0.1450.3110.2160.6421.156(0.628~2.125)
欧洲和美洲-0.3250.4180.6070.4360.722(0.319~1.638)
是否能用汉语与他人交流
大部分情况下可以能流利交流-0.2000.3720.2880.5910.819(0.395~1.698)
有点困难-0.5090.3781.8090.1790.601(0.286~1.262)
非常困难-0.8970.5702.4750.1160.408(0.133~1.247)
是否长期居住在中国
是否-0.1250.2950.1790.6720.883(0.495~1.574)
在中国和谁住在一起
配偶/伴侣单独0.4100.5720.5130.4741.507(0.491~4.627)
朋友0.5810.3003.7610.0521.789(0.994~3.219)
父母或子女-0.1901.1660.0270.8700.827(0.084~8.127)
其他亲属0.0990.6150.0260.8721.104(0.331~3.686)
在中国是否有医疗保险
有没有0.6580.4032.6640.1031.930(0.876~4.250)
性伴侣的国籍
非中国人中国人-0.4480.3461.6780.1950.639(0.324~1.258)
两者都有-1.4430.35816.2470.0000.236(0.117~0.477)
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跨国流动人群网络交友与性行为的相关性研究
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王纾玥 1, 2 , 徐俊芳 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(12): 2242-2248
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(12): 2242-2248
跨国流动人群网络交友与性行为的相关性研究
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王纾玥1, 2, 徐俊芳1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院，浙江 杭州 310058
  • 2.常山县疾病预防控制中心（常山县卫生监督所

    • 王纾玥（1997—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：传染病防治

通讯作者:

徐俊芳，E-mail：
A study on the correlation between online dating and sexual behavior among transnational migrant populations
Shu-yue WANG1, 2, Jun-fang XU1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501159
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摘要
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目的

探讨跨国流动人群网络交友与发生风险性行为的相关性，为预防跨国流动人群艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）传播提供科学的证据。

方法

采用滚雪球抽样法收集居住在中国的跨国流动人群的数据，初始调查种子来自义乌、广州、北京和杭州，通过问卷收集人口学信息、与性行为相关的数据（包括临时性伴的数量、交友途径、使用安全套的频率等）。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析交友途径与风险性行为的相关性。

结果

调查341人，每次均使用安全套199人，占58.36％；有时使用安全套99人，占29.03%；从不使用安全套43人，占12.61%。拥有多名临时性伴者112人，占32.84％；无多名临时性伴者229人，占67.16％。通过网络途径交友者48人，占14.08%；通过非网络途径交友者293人，占85.92%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，相比通过网络途径交友者，通过非网络途径交友者其每次均使用安全套的概率更高（OR值为3.358，95％CI为1.184~9.522）。

结论

跨国流动人群发生无保护措施风险性行为与网络交友有关。

跨国流动人群  /  网络交友  /  风险性行为  /  艾滋病病毒
Objective

To investigate the correlation between online dating and the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors among transnational migrant populations, and to provide scientific evidence for preventing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among transnational migrant populations.

Methods

The snowball sampling method was adopted to collect data on transnational migrant populations residing in China. The initial survey seeds were from Yiwu, Guangzhou, Beijing and Hangzhou. Demographic information and data related to sexual behaviors (including the number of casual sexual partners, dating methods, the frequency of condom use, etc.) were collected through questionnaires. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between dating methods and risky sexual behaviors.

Results

A total of 341 people were surveyed, with 199 people using condoms consistently, accounting for 58.36%; 99 people using condoms sometimes, accounting for 29.03%; and 43 people never using condoms, accounting for 12.61%. 112 people had multiple casual partners, accounting for 32.84%; and 229 people had only one casual partner, accounting for 67.16%. 48 people met their casual partners through online dating, accounting for 14.08%; and 293 people met their casual partners through non-online dating, accounting for 85.92%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those who met their casual partners through online dating, those who met their casual partners through non-online dating had a higher probability of using condoms consistently (OR value of 3.358, 95% CI of 1.184-9.522).

Conclusion

Unprotected sexual behaviors among transnational migrant populations are associated with online dating.

Transnational migrant population  /  Online dating  /  Risky sexual behaviors  /  HIV
王纾玥, 徐俊芳. 跨国流动人群网络交友与性行为的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2242 -2248 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501159
Shu-yue WANG, Jun-fang XU. A study on the correlation between online dating and sexual behavior among transnational migrant populations[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2242 -2248 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501159
正文
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随着全球化进程的不断加深，不同区域之间合作交流日益频繁，全球的流动人口数量显著增加，已从2008年的2.433亿增加到2023年的12.86亿[1-2]。而随着经济的快速发展，中国已经成为世界第二大经济体与世界第一贸易大国，吸引了大量的跨国流动人群[3-4]。根据《中国统计年鉴》等资料显示，入境游客人数从2010年的2 612.69万人增加到2019年的4 911.36万人[5-8]。根据国家统计局显示，2020年约有80余万名在中国已居住3个月以上的跨国流动人群，比2010年的记录增加了20余万人[9-10]。
人口流动在推动各国经济贸易发展的同时，也同时推动了疾病的传播。由于跨国流动人群远离家庭和社区的监督，比如与伴侣两地分居，来自原有家庭社区或社会文化的压力减弱等，都有可能促使其发生风险性行为[11]。在芬兰、英国等国家，新确诊的艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者中有约60%为跨国流动人群病例[12]。跨国流动人群已成为近年来与HIV预防和控制相关的关键问题之一。在中国，2004年至2017年期间，我国跨国流动人群HIV感染者新发现病例总数为15 319人，发病率从2004年的2.47/10万上升到2017年的4.98/10万[10]。然而目前，我国尚未建立系统的公共卫生措施用于跨国流动人群的HIV监测。
在过去，人们交友地点多为社交场所、休闲娱乐场所、服务场所等传统线下场所,而当今社会由于网络的广泛普及，我国越来越多的人选择通过网络来寻找性伴，如贾雯雯、卢晓艳的文章中均有超过85%的研究对象通过网络寻找性伴[13-14]。早在20世纪90年代，Bull和McFarlane的一项研究就表明，使用互联网结识性伴侣是HIV和其他性传播感染传播的已知风险因素[15]。且大量证据表明，使用互联网交友者比不使用互联网交友者有更多的可能导致HIV感染的风险行为。而且目前针对跨国流动人群的相关研究较少，因此研究将以在流入地发生过临时性行为的跨国流动人群为对象，并将其交友方式分为网络交友和非网络交友，以探讨跨国流动人群交友方式与风险性行为的相关性，为预防HIV传播提供科学的证据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
我们采用横断面网络研究设计，采用滚雪球抽样法收集居住在中国的跨国流动人群的数据。初始调查种子来自义乌、广州、北京和杭州，每个城市分别有3~6名不同职业、年龄和性别的跨国流动人员被邀请开始调查。随后由其邀请其他居住在中国的跨国流动人员参与调查，以扩大样本。我们选择这些地点的原因包括：义乌作为最大的商品贸易城市之一，每年吸引近50万跨国流动人群入境[16]；广州位于珠江三角洲的核心，是一个重要的对外贸易港口城市，是跨国流动人群的重要居住地[17]；北京是中国的首都，作为中国的政治中心，必然会吸引大量的外国人；杭州是浙江省省会，位于中国东部沿海，作为中国的电商之都和跨境电商试点城市，人员流动频繁。参与者的纳入标准为：（1）国籍不是中国但居住在中国的跨国流动人群；（2）18岁以上；（3）能阅读英文文章 ；（4）愿意参与研究。排除标准为：（1）18岁以下；（2）中国国籍；（3）未通过问卷中的“注意力检查 ”。本研究方案经浙江大学公共卫生学院伦理审查委员会批准（#2019-064），所有调查对象均签署知情同意书，调查过程为匿名调查。
1.2　方法
考虑到性行为的敏感性，我们使用在线问卷而不是面对面的调查，包括基本人口学信息和被调查者过去一年在流入地生活时的性行为相关数据。与性行为相关的数据包括临时性伴的数量、交友途径、使用安全套的频率等。交友途径包括网络交友和非网络交友；本研究中风险性行为指的是最近一年中有多个（2个或以上）临时性伴或最近一年中与临时性伴发生过无保护措施性行为。本次调查共收集问卷1 433份，其中341人在流入地发生过临时性行为，因此将此341人纳入本研究进行分析。
1.3　统计分析
采用描述性统计方法分析跨国流动人群的基本特征和性行为。采用多因素logistic回归分析来确定跨国流动人群风险性行为的相关因素。使用SPSS 24.0统计软件对所有数据进行分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　基本特征
本研究共纳入341名跨国流动人群，其中以男性为主。25~29岁年龄段比例最大，且大多数参与者受过良好教育，其中61.88%（211/341）报告受教育程度超过10年。大多数调查对象的年可支配收入不到5万元。大多数受访者为未婚。来源地区为非洲者比例最大，其次是亚洲。受访者多为单独居住的状态（表1）。
2.2　使用安全套频率及临时性伴数量情况
调查对象与临时性伴发生性行为时，每次使用安全套者比例为58.36％（199/341），从不使用安全套者比例为12.61％（43/341）。调查对象中拥有多名临时性伴者比例为32.84％（112/341），无多名临时性伴者比例为67.16％（229/341）。
2.3　不同交友途径者使用安全套情况
如表2所示，网络交友者，其每次使用安全套者比例为50.00％（24/48），从不使用安全套者比例为20.83％（10/48）。非网络交友者，其每次使用安全套者比例为59.73％（175/293），从不使用安全套者比例为11.26％（33/293）。
2.4　不同交友途径者临时性伴数量情况
网络交友者，其有多名临时性伴者比例为41.67％（20/48）。非网络交友者，其有多名临时性伴者比例为34.13％（100/293）。
2.5　风险性行为相关的多因素logistic回归分析
以最近一年临时性行为中使用安全套频率或是否有多名临时性伴为因变量，以交友途径、基本特征为自变量，进行多因素logistic回归。结果显示，相比网络交友者，非网络交友者其每次均使用安全套的概率更高（OR值为3.358，95％CI为1.184~9.522），在是否拥有多名临时性伴方面无明显差异；与女性相比，男性更可能每次均使用安全套，且更可能拥有多名临时性伴；收入也是多性伴与否的影响因素；婚姻状况和汉语流利程度均为使用安全套频率的影响因素；性伴侣国籍与使用安全套频率及是否拥有多名临时性伴均显著相关，详见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究发现，尽管随着网络的广泛普及，网络交友在我国已成为一种常见的方式，但本文的研究对象中，只有14.08％选择使用网络交友，其余85.92％的研究对象仍选择通过酒吧、舞厅、洗浴中心等线下地点。其原因可能为大部分跨国流动人群在中国时间较短，网络使用的便利性相对较弱，尤其是当前大多数常见交友app需使用中国手机号进行注册，这对于部分短暂来华，无办理本地手机号计划的人来说是直接不被考虑的做法。需要注意的是，由于本研究仅关注在流入地发生过临时性行为的人员，并未涵盖所有跨国流动人群，因此该结果可能无法全面反映跨国流动人群的整体交友方式。
本研究结果显示，网络交友者其每次均使用安全套频率低于非网络交友者，即无保护措施这一风险性行为的发生率高于非网络交友者，这与陈卫永等的研究结果一致[18]。这可能是由于在网络交友环境中，性健康风险出现新的特征。第一，网络交友平台的虚拟性与便捷性降低了交往门槛，使得陌生人之间能够迅速建立起浅层次的亲密关系。这种‘弱连接’关系在一定程度上削弱了行为约束，可能导致冲动性行为的发生，进而忽视安全套的使用。第二，网络交友的匿名性使得用户可以隐瞒或修饰身份信息，包括性别、年龄、职业、健康状况等。虽然这种匿名性提供了更多自由，但也可能削弱对交友对象潜在风险的关注和防范。相关研究显示，约有80%的网络交友用户在展示个人资料时会选择性隐瞒或修饰自己的相关信息[19]。在缺乏有效监督的网络环境下，这种信息的不对称性进一步加剧了HIV感染的隐蔽性。第三，一些网络交友平台提供了健康状况声明的功能或选项，这可能会让部分人因为轻信对方的健康状况声明而选择不使用安全套，如Newcomb的一项研究表明，与网络性伴发生无保护性行为的人中，多数是在确认对方健康状况后做出不使用安全套的决定[20]。而无套的做法是导致人们HIV新感染的关键危险因素[21-22]。因此，在建立跨国流动人群的HIV监测相关的公共卫生措施时，在做好传统HIV感染线下预防工作的同时，也应积极寻找开发线上干预途径。研究表明，利用社交媒体（如微信、Facebook等）开展HIV预防宣传和同伴教育，能够有效覆盖流动人群和高风险群体，并提升干预的参与度和接受度。[23-24]。我们也可以考虑通过例如开发双语模式的HIV检测预约微信小程序；在跨国流动人群常用的交友软件或其他社交软件中宣传非职业暴露后的预防知识，实施线上HIV预防知识普及等方式，进一步扩大HIV预防的覆盖面，减少风险性行为的HIV感染风险。既可以将HIV的预防进一步普及到平时线下难以接触到的人群，同时也可以更好地保护相关人群的隐私。
在研究中，我们发现已婚人士比未婚人士更可能发生无保护措施的性行为，这与常恬悦等的研究结果相一致[25]。此外，研究显示与能使用汉语流利交流者相比，使用汉语困难者更可能发生无保护措施性行为。造成这种差异的产生可能有几个原因，例如语言障碍可能阻碍个体与性伴侣就安全套使用问题进行有效沟通；语言问题可能影响避孕用品的获取便利性，使得购买安全套等商品变得困难；以及语言障碍通常伴随着文字障碍，会影响其获取健康信息的能力，进而影响对健康风险的认识并最终影响健康行为。因此在针对跨国流动人群的健康教育中，我们可以考虑提供多语言健康教育资料，并建立社区支持网络，与跨国流动人群聚集的社区合作，开展健康教育活动并提供咨询服务，增强他们对健康风险的认识，促进安全性行为的养成，减少风险性行为的发生。另外，研究发现与女性相比，男性更可能拥有多名临时性伴，也更可能每次均使用安全套。这可能源于某些文化背景下，男性会被赋予更高的性自主权，并且较少受到性行为规范的约束。因此，他们更可能拥有多名临时性伴，并且更倾向于采取保护措施，以降低感染性传播疾病的风险。这一结果提示我们，未来应针对不同性别群体制定更具针对性的性健康教育策略。
本研究有一定的局限性。首先，尽管在线调查可以避免面对面调查造成的尴尬，但参与者也可能会做出社会赞许性的回答。其次，虽然种子参与者被选自不同的职业、年龄、国籍和性别，但样本量相对较小，研究对象的代表性可能也存在不足。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501159
  • 接收时间：2025-01-09
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-09
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    1.浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院，浙江 杭州 310058
    2.常山县疾病预防控制中心（常山县卫生监督所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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