Article(id=1241102828001882567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403457, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831572771, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831572771, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831572771, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831572771, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2903, endPage=2910, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102828572307948, articleId=1241102828001882567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Dynamic changes of incidence of neural tube defects, Chongqing, 2007-2022, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the prevalence and trend incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, and to provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Methods

Based on hospital monitoring data, 185 children with NTDs monitored by all birth defects monitoring institutions in Chongqing City from January 2007 to December 2022 were included in the study. They were grouped by year, perinatal gender, maternal permanent residence (urban/rural), maternal age, different regions, and other categories. Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences in the incidence of severe multiple disabling birth defects in different categories, and linear trend test and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the change trend.

Results

From 2007 to 2022, a total of 1 316 934 perinatal births and 185 NTDs were monitored in Chongqing, with an incidence of 1.40/10,000, it was 0.36/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000), 0.81/10 000(0.39/10 000-2.42/10 000) and 0.26/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000) for anencephaly, spina bifidaand encephalocele respectively. The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (χ2=11.38, P<0.001). The total incidence of mothers of different age was statistical (χ2=81.71, P<0.001). The annual incidence of NTDs decreased by 84.64% from 2.93/10,000 to 0.45/10,000 during this period. There was a gentle decline from 2007 to 2019 (APC=-10.85) and a rapid decline from 2019 to 2022 (APC=-31.20).

Conclusion

Annual incidence of NTDs in Chongqing was decreasing over the year. NTDs is prevalent at a low level in Chongqing.

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目的

了解2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷的流行病学特征,为其综合防控提供依据。

方法

将2007年1月至2022年12月重庆市所有出生缺陷监测机构的监测活产儿作为研究对象,分别按年份、围产儿性别、产妇常住地(城/乡)、产妇年龄、不同地域等类别分组进行神经管缺陷发生率计算并比较其差异,并通过线性趋势检验,Joinpoint回归模型分析变化趋势。

结果

2007—2022年,重庆市共监测围产儿1 316 934例,发现神经管缺陷患儿185例,神经管缺陷总发生率为1.40万(0.43~4.49/万),无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出总发生率分别为0.36/万(0.00~1.45/万)、0.81/万(0.39~2.42/万)和0.26/万(0.00~2.45/万)。农村总发生率高于城镇(χ2=11.38,P<0.001)。不同年龄母亲的总发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.71,P<0.001)。2007—2022年重庆市各类神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,总体降幅为84.64%,2007—2019年平缓下降(APC=-10.85)、2019—2022年快速下降(APC=-31.20)。城镇下降幅度小于农村。

结论

2007—2022年重庆市不同类型神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,需继续巩固叶酸项目对神经管缺陷的预防效果。

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刘俊,E-mail:
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李精华(1977—),女,本科,主任医师,研究方向:孕妇围产期健康,出生缺陷防治管理

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companyId=1241102833160876840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Kaizhou Maternal and Child Health Center, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102833186042670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, companyId=1241102833160876840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆市开州区妇幼保健院,重庆 401120)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102833320260406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102833328649015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, companyId=1241102833320260406, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院/重庆市出生缺陷防治管理中心/国家卫建委出生缺陷和生殖健康重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102836906390467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changing trend of male incidence of neural tube defects in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, figureFileSmall=9gBxvHJ0jqXneomjL6p94w==, figureFileBig=PmufQjsW9i3X/Xy7j5PAjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102836977693640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷男性发生率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=9gBxvHJ0jqXneomjL6p94w==, figureFileBig=PmufQjsW9i3X/Xy7j5PAjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837191603158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changing trend of female incidence of neural tube defects in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, figureFileSmall=xbWaUZnosoX+nQ1tl73JUA==, figureFileBig=l9R2XKxeNV0IDEqidPLd4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837292266458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷女性发生率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=xbWaUZnosoX+nQ1tl73JUA==, figureFileBig=l9R2XKxeNV0IDEqidPLd4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837363569630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Trend of incidence of neural tube defects in urban areas of Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, figureFileSmall=IWzJUGDz44lvdbjml2l+rg==, figureFileBig=SZlAdg70m34dF+AqDwZ53w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837443261411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2007—2022年重庆市城镇地区神经管缺陷发生率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=IWzJUGDz44lvdbjml2l+rg==, figureFileBig=SZlAdg70m34dF+AqDwZ53w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837510370279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Trend of incidence of neural tube defects in rural areas of Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, figureFileSmall=13plRrmJAAmW3Z74fOhQhg==, figureFileBig=JQ7M/PsU8bh95gLiUMMgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837573284844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2007—2022年重庆市农村地区神经管缺陷发生率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=13plRrmJAAmW3Z74fOhQhg==, figureFileBig=JQ7M/PsU8bh95gLiUMMgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837661365232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Trend of incidence of neural tube defects in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, figureFileSmall=2g9L1lz+OWcwlmf0qe6oNg==, figureFileBig=4nBMgyyC0DmG9VxE3yZnhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837757834227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷发生率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=2g9L1lz+OWcwlmf0qe6oNg==, figureFileBig=4nBMgyyC0DmG9VxE3yZnhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837854303225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Incidence of neural tube defects with different characteristics inChongqing (1/10 000)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别围产儿数无脑畸形脊柱裂脑膨出神经管缺陷合计χ2P
例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率
常住地城镇866 792160.18660.76210.241011.1511.38P<0.001
乡村450 142320.71410.91130.29841.89
胎儿性别a684 995330.48450.66180.26931.360.160.689
631 814150.24610.97160.25911.44
产妇年龄(岁)≤2026 84331.12124.4751.86197.0881.71<0.001
20~24266 834160.60260.9780.30491.84
25~29544 005150.28290.5380.15500.92
30~34338 05490.27200.5980.24371.09
≥35141 19850.35201.4250.35302.12
不同地域都市区925 176250.27660.71210.231091.1818.97<0.001
渝东北城镇群300 890210.70341.13130.43672.23
渝东南城镇群90 86820.2270.7700.0090.99
不同生育政策独生子女255 269240.94351.37220.86773.0268.07<0.001
单独二孩112 24250.45131.1650.45232.05
全面二孩949 423190.20590.6270.07850.90
合计b1 316 934480.361070.81340.261851.40
), ArticleFig(id=1241102837946577922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市神经管缺陷不同特征别发生率(1/万)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别围产儿数无脑畸形脊柱裂脑膨出神经管缺陷合计χ2P
例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率
常住地城镇866 792160.18660.76210.241011.1511.38P<0.001
乡村450 142320.71410.91130.29841.89
胎儿性别a684 995330.48450.66180.26931.360.160.689
631 814150.24610.97160.25911.44
产妇年龄(岁)≤2026 84331.12124.4751.86197.0881.71<0.001
20~24266 834160.60260.9780.30491.84
25~29544 005150.28290.5380.15500.92
30~34338 05490.27200.5980.24371.09
≥35141 19850.35201.4250.35302.12
不同地域都市区925 176250.27660.71210.231091.1818.97<0.001
渝东北城镇群300 890210.70341.13130.43672.23
渝东南城镇群90 86820.2270.7700.0090.99
不同生育政策独生子女255 269240.94351.37220.86773.0268.07<0.001
单独二孩112 24250.45131.1650.45232.05
全面二孩949 423190.20590.6270.07850.90
合计b1 316 934480.361070.81340.261851.40
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Changing trend of incidence of neural tube defects in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022 (1/10 000)

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年份性别
男性女性
围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率
200714 28832.1012 99253.85
200815 27663.9313 70075.11
200914 91185.3713 65642.93
201018 12573.8616 66931.80
201120 49473.4218 68952.68
201225 28451.9823 12183.46
201325 25041.5822 77073.07
201428 80482.7826 62341.50
201529 78141.3427 02351.85
201635 50851.4132 81282.44
201734 04851.4731 46610.32
201893 40650.5486 836131.50
201995 286131.3687 946111.25
202081 52140.4975 92060.79
202173 02050.6867 54610.15
202279 99340.5074 04530.41
趋势χ2-6.62-6.45
P<0.001<0.001
年份城乡合计
城镇农村
围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率
200720 47141.956 81245.8727 28382.93
200821 97741.827 005912.8528 982134.49
200921 03062.857 54067.9628 570113.85
201025 92972.708 87033.3834 799113.16
201128 36951.7610 82376.4739 192112.81
201232 55182.4615 86553.1548 416142.89
201332 80751.5215 22063.9448 02791.87
201437 55992.4017 87431.6855 433132.35
201539 23330.7617 57663.4156 809101.76
201648 14871.4520 17862.9768 326131.90
201747 19051.0618 32610.5565 51660.92
2018108 03790.8372 230101.38180 267191.05
2019113 978100.8869 264142.02183 242241.31
202097 81480.8259 63820.34157 452100.64
202188 41050.5752 16510.19140 57560.43
2022103 28950.4850 75620.39154 04570.45
趋势χ2-5.08-8.84-9.10
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838139514889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2007—2022重庆市神经管缺陷发生率变化趋势(1/万)

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年份性别
男性女性
围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率
200714 28832.1012 99253.85
200815 27663.9313 70075.11
200914 91185.3713 65642.93
201018 12573.8616 66931.80
201120 49473.4218 68952.68
201225 28451.9823 12183.46
201325 25041.5822 77073.07
201428 80482.7826 62341.50
201529 78141.3427 02351.85
201635 50851.4132 81282.44
201734 04851.4731 46610.32
201893 40650.5486 836131.50
201995 286131.3687 946111.25
202081 52140.4975 92060.79
202173 02050.6867 54610.15
202279 99340.5074 04530.41
趋势χ2-6.62-6.45
P<0.001<0.001
年份城乡合计
城镇农村
围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率围产儿数病例数发生率
200720 47141.956 81245.8727 28382.93
200821 97741.827 005912.8528 982134.49
200921 03062.857 54067.9628 570113.85
201025 92972.708 87033.3834 799113.16
201128 36951.7610 82376.4739 192112.81
201232 55182.4615 86553.1548 416142.89
201332 80751.5215 22063.9448 02791.87
201437 55992.4017 87431.6855 433132.35
201539 23330.7617 57663.4156 809101.76
201648 14871.4520 17862.9768 326131.90
201747 19051.0618 32610.5565 51660.92
2018108 03790.8372 230101.38180 267191.05
2019113 978100.8869 264142.02183 242241.31
202097 81480.8259 63820.34157 452100.64
202188 41050.5752 16510.19140 57560.43
2022103 28950.4850 75620.39154 04570.45
趋势χ2-5.08-8.84-9.10
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838227595278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changing trend of incidence rate of different subtypes of neural tube defects in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022 (1/10 000)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份围产儿数无脑畸形脊柱裂脑膨出神经管缺陷
例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率
200727 28310.3751.8320.7382.93
200828 98241.3872.4220.69134.49
200928 57010.3531.0572.45113.85
201034 79951.4461.7220.57113.16
201139 19241.0230.7741.02112.81
201248 41671.4551.0320.41142.89
201348 02720.4251.0420.4291.87
201455 43320.3691.6220.36132.35
201556 80930.5340.7030.53101.76
201668 32660.8881.1710.15131.90
201765 51610.1540.6110.1560.92
2018180 26750.28130.7210.06191.05
2019183 24240.22160.8740.22241.31
2020157 45230.1970.4400.00100.64
2021140 57500.0060.4300.0060.43
2022154 04500.0060.3910.0670.45
趋势χ2-5.91-4.62-6.74-9.10
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838319869969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102828001882567, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2007—2022重庆市神经管缺陷不同亚型发生率变化趋势(1/万)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份围产儿数无脑畸形脊柱裂脑膨出神经管缺陷
例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率例数发生率
200727 28310.3751.8320.7382.93
200828 98241.3872.4220.69134.49
200928 57010.3531.0572.45113.85
201034 79951.4461.7220.57113.16
201139 19241.0230.7741.02112.81
201248 41671.4551.0320.41142.89
201348 02720.4251.0420.4291.87
201455 43320.3691.6220.36132.35
201556 80930.5340.7030.53101.76
201668 32660.8881.1710.15131.90
201765 51610.1540.6110.1560.92
2018180 26750.28130.7210.06191.05
2019183 24240.22160.8740.22241.31
2020157 45230.1970.4400.00100.64
2021140 57500.0060.4300.0060.43
2022154 04500.0060.3910.0670.45
趋势χ2-5.91-4.62-6.74-9.10
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
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2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷流行病学特征分析
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李精华 1 , 冯苗 2 , 张杰 2 , 刘俊 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(16): 2903-2910
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(16): 2903-2910
2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷流行病学特征分析
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李精华1, 冯苗2, 张杰2, 刘俊2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆市开州区妇幼保健院,重庆 401120
  • 2.重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院/重庆市出生缺陷防治管理中心/国家卫建委出生缺陷和生殖健康重点实验室
  • 李精华(1977—),女,本科,主任医师,研究方向:孕妇围产期健康,出生缺陷防治管理

通讯作者:

刘俊,E-mail:
Dynamic changes of incidence of neural tube defects, Chongqing, 2007-2022
Jing-hua LI1, Miao FENG2, Jie ZHANG2, Jun LIU2
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Kaizhou Maternal and Child Health Center, Chongqing 401120, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403457
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目的

了解2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷的流行病学特征,为其综合防控提供依据。

方法

将2007年1月至2022年12月重庆市所有出生缺陷监测机构的监测活产儿作为研究对象,分别按年份、围产儿性别、产妇常住地(城/乡)、产妇年龄、不同地域等类别分组进行神经管缺陷发生率计算并比较其差异,并通过线性趋势检验,Joinpoint回归模型分析变化趋势。

结果

2007—2022年,重庆市共监测围产儿1 316 934例,发现神经管缺陷患儿185例,神经管缺陷总发生率为1.40万(0.43~4.49/万),无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出总发生率分别为0.36/万(0.00~1.45/万)、0.81/万(0.39~2.42/万)和0.26/万(0.00~2.45/万)。农村总发生率高于城镇(χ2=11.38,P<0.001)。不同年龄母亲的总发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.71,P<0.001)。2007—2022年重庆市各类神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,总体降幅为84.64%,2007—2019年平缓下降(APC=-10.85)、2019—2022年快速下降(APC=-31.20)。城镇下降幅度小于农村。

结论

2007—2022年重庆市不同类型神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,需继续巩固叶酸项目对神经管缺陷的预防效果。

神经管缺陷  /  发生率  /  流行特征
Objective

To understand the prevalence and trend incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022, and to provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Methods

Based on hospital monitoring data, 185 children with NTDs monitored by all birth defects monitoring institutions in Chongqing City from January 2007 to December 2022 were included in the study. They were grouped by year, perinatal gender, maternal permanent residence (urban/rural), maternal age, different regions, and other categories. Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences in the incidence of severe multiple disabling birth defects in different categories, and linear trend test and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the change trend.

Results

From 2007 to 2022, a total of 1 316 934 perinatal births and 185 NTDs were monitored in Chongqing, with an incidence of 1.40/10,000, it was 0.36/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000), 0.81/10 000(0.39/10 000-2.42/10 000) and 0.26/10 000(0.00/10 000-2.45/10 000) for anencephaly, spina bifidaand encephalocele respectively. The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (χ2=11.38, P<0.001). The total incidence of mothers of different age was statistical (χ2=81.71, P<0.001). The annual incidence of NTDs decreased by 84.64% from 2.93/10,000 to 0.45/10,000 during this period. There was a gentle decline from 2007 to 2019 (APC=-10.85) and a rapid decline from 2019 to 2022 (APC=-31.20).

Conclusion

Annual incidence of NTDs in Chongqing was decreasing over the year. NTDs is prevalent at a low level in Chongqing.

Neural tube defects  /  Incidence  /  Epidemiological characteristic
李精华, 冯苗, 张杰, 刘俊. 2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷流行病学特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2903 -2910 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403457
Jing-hua LI, Miao FENG, Jie ZHANG, Jun LIU. Dynamic changes of incidence of neural tube defects, Chongqing, 2007-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2903 -2910 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403457
神经管缺陷[1](neural tube defects,NTDs)是胚胎发育过程中,神经管闭合不全所引起的一组严重先天畸形,通常表现为脑和脊髓的发育异常以及颅骨和脊柱的结构异常,常见亚型分为无脑畸形、脊柱裂和脑膨出。20世纪90年代,欧美国家通过采用食物中添加叶酸方式[2],有效降低神经管缺陷的发生率[3-4]。为预防神经管缺陷,中国实施增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷重大公共卫生项目,向全国农村新婚或计划怀孕的妇女提供叶酸片。本研究以2007—2022年重庆市出生缺陷医院监测数据为基础,分析重庆市神经管缺陷流行病学特征,为进一步做好神经管缺陷防控工作提供依据。
2007—2022年,在重庆市出生缺陷监测机构发现的不论孕周大小至产后7天诊断明确的神经管缺陷患儿。本研究通过重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院伦理委员会审核(项目名称:重庆市以医院为基础出生缺陷流行现状及综合防控策略研究;项目批号:(2021)2021审第(003)号)。
神经管缺陷患儿数据均来自重庆市出生缺陷监测信息系统上报的《医疗机构出生缺陷患儿登记卡》《围产儿数季报表》。
按照《中国出生缺陷监测方案》确定的23类出生缺陷定义、特征及诊断标准进行诊断及分类,统一采用国际疾病分类ICD-10标准编码,神经管缺陷的ICD-10标准码为Q00、Q05、Q01。
将监测数据导出至Excel 2013软件,采用SAS 9.4软件统计分析,计算不同特征别发生率,采用χ2检验,线性趋势检验进行假设检验;采用joinpoint 5.0软件进行回归分析[5],对神经管缺陷发生率,特征别发生率的变化趋势进行分析,计算年度变化百分比(APC),检验水准:α=0.05。
2007—2022年重庆市监测围产儿1 316 934人,发现神经管缺陷患儿185人,总发生率为1.40/万(0.43~4.49/万),其中无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出总发生率分别为0.36/万(0.00~1.45/万)、0.81/万(0.39~2.42/万)和0.26/万(0.00~2.45/万),不同类型神经管缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.65,P<0.001)。农村总发生率高于城镇(χ2=11.38,P<0.001),不同地域神经管缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.97,P<0.001)。不同年龄段间总发生率具有统计学差异(χ2=81.71,P<0.001)。不同生育政策时期发生率有统计学意义(χ2=68.07,P<0.001)。不同性别发生率无统计学差异(χ2=0.16,P=0.689),见表1表3
2007—2022年男女、城乡及总神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势(男:P<0.001;女:P<0.001;城镇:P<0.001;乡村:P<0.001;总率:P<0.001),降幅分别为76.19%、89.35%、75.38%、93.36%、84.64%,见表2。Joinpoint回归分析显示:2007—2022年,男、女性及农村地区神经管缺陷发生率呈下降趋势(APC=-13.27、APC=-12.04、APC=-16.40);城镇地区,2007—2010年呈上升趋势(APC=14.94),2010—2022年呈下降趋势(APC=-12.84);总发生率呈下降趋势,2007—2019年平缓下降(APC=-10.85)、2019—2022年快速下降(APC=-31.20),见图1-5
2007—2022年无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出发生率均呈下降趋势(无脑畸形:P<0.001;脊柱裂:P<0.001;脑膨出:P<0.001),脊柱裂、脑膨出降幅分别为78.69%、91.78%,其中2021、2022年未监测到无脑畸形患儿,见表3
2015年联合国大会通过了“到2030年消除新生儿和5岁以下儿童可预防的死亡”的可持续发展目标[6]。《全国出生缺陷防治能力提升计划(2023—2027年)》[7]要求“全国出生缺陷导致的婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别降至1.0‰、1.1‰以下”。神经管缺陷死因别死亡率高、致残率高[8-10],掌握神经管缺陷流行现状及变化趋势,对进一步做好出生缺陷综合防控,降低婴儿死亡率,提高人均期望寿命,达到国家相关战略指标要求及联合国可持续发展目标,具有十分重要的意义。
2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷总发生率为1.40/万(0.43~4.49/万),无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出总发生率分别为0.36/万(0.00~1.45/万)、0.81/万(0.39~2.42/万)和0.26/万(0.00~2.45/万),低于徐昊立[11]报道广东省2010—2019年神经管缺陷发生率为10.05~4.94/万,师灿南[12]报道河南省2007—2016年神经管缺陷发生率为15.60~6.98/万。2020年全国妇幼卫生监测通讯年报[13]显示:全国神经管缺陷发生率为1.45/万、无脑畸形0.32/万、脊柱裂0.91/万、脑膨出0.22/万。2020年,重庆神经管缺陷发生率为0.64/万、无脑畸形0.19/万、脊柱裂0.44/万、脑膨出0.00/万。重庆发生率低于全国平均水平,处于低水平流行状态。
2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷总发生率呈下降趋势,由2007年2.93/万下降到2022年的0.45/万,降幅84.64%,2007—2019年平缓下降(APC=-10.85)、2019—2022年快速下降(APC=-31.20),不同疾病亚型发生率均呈下降趋势,原因与围孕期妇女孕期保健意识增强,孕前和孕早期叶酸增补,产前筛查、产前诊断技术的提高有关,也与近年来,重庆市建立政府主导、部门协作、社会参与的出生缺陷防治工作机制,进一步加强和完善出生缺陷综合防治体系建设,建立出生缺陷防治管理中心,开展丰富出生缺陷防控项目,提升出生缺陷防控机构综合服务能力等综合防控措施实施有关。
本研究发现,<20岁产妇及≥35岁产妇组发生率较高,25~29岁组发生率较低,这与国内外报道一致[14-17]。建议,加强优生优育健康知识宣教,避免接触有害物质,科学补充叶酸,改善膳食模式[18],倡导在最佳生育年龄妊娠。独生子女政策时期发生率高于全面二孩时期,说明生育政策的调整并未改变神经管缺陷下降的趋势。
增补叶酸是预防神经管缺陷的重要手段,神经管发育的关键时期是受孕后21~28天,错过了这个窗口期,预防神经管缺陷的效果就无法保证。因此,计划妊娠妇女应在孕前开始服用叶酸。减少意外妊娠,提高叶酸依从服用率,是预防神经管缺陷的关键。
本研究基于监测资料,未采集妇女对补充叶酸预防神经管缺陷的认知情况和社会支持信息,也未检测妇女围受孕期的血液叶酸水平,限制了研究的深度。
综上,2007—2022年,重庆市神经管缺陷总发生率下降了84.64%,不同疾病亚型发生率均呈下降趋势,重庆市增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷项目成效明显。同时,关注低龄孕产妇孕前健康宣教和高龄孕产妇孕期管理,提倡育龄妇女在最佳生育年龄妊娠,在城市地区探索更多的叶酸增补方案,进一步规范围孕期妇女叶酸服用行为,提高叶酸服用率和依从率,巩固叶酸项目对神经管缺陷的预防效果。
  • 重庆市科卫联合项目(2023MSXM024)
  • 重庆市卫健委科研项目(2020FY103)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403457
  • 接收时间:2024-03-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26
基金
重庆市科卫联合项目(2023MSXM024)
重庆市卫健委科研项目(2020FY103)
作者信息
    1.重庆市开州区妇幼保健院,重庆 401120
    2.重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院/重庆市出生缺陷防治管理中心/国家卫建委出生缺陷和生殖健康重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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