Article(id=1241102827133661588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403166, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710086400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831572564, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831572564, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831572564, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831572564, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2993, endPage=2997, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102827699892651, articleId=1241102827133661588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of social support on work burnout among telecommunications employees: a chain mediated effect of self-efficacy and coping strategies, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the influence of social support, self-efficacy and coping style on job burnout of telecommunication employees, and to provide practical guidance for reducing job burnout of telecommunication employees.

Methods

This study used stratified random sampling to conduct a questionnaire survey among 8073 telecommunication employees, using Social Support Scale, Coping Style Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Job Burnout Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and SPSS PROCESS model 6 were used to construct a chain mediating effect model to study the mediating path of social support on job burnout of telecommunication employees.

Results

Self-efficacy and coping style had a significant mediating effect on social support and job burnout, and the effect sizes were -0.072 (95%CI: -0.08--0.608) and -0.204 (95%CI: -0.221--0.189), respectively. Self-efficacy and coping style played a significant chain mediating role in the effect of social support on job burnout of telecommunication employees, and the effect size was -0.034 (95%CI: -0.039 - -0.029).

Conclusion

Social support, self-efficacy and coping style are important factors affecting job burnout of telecommunication employees. Self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between social support and job burnout. The results of this study suggest that increasing social support for telecommunication employees, promoting them to form positive coping styles and improving their self-efficacy are important ways to alleviate their job burnout.

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目的

研究旨在调查社会支持、自我效能感、应对方式对电信员工工作倦怠的影响,为降低电信员工工作倦怠提供实践指导。

方法

采用分层随机抽样并使用社会支持量表、应对方式量表、一般自我效能感量表和工作倦怠量表对8 073名电信员工进行问卷调查。通过Pearson相关分析,使用SPSS插件PROCESS模型6构建链式中介效应模型,研究社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠影响的中介路径。

结果

自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持和工作倦怠间的中介效应显著,效应量分别为-0.072(95%CI:-0.082~-0.608)、-0.204(95%CI:-0.221~-0.189);自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的作用中的链式中介作用显著,效应量为-0.034(95%CI:-0.039~-0.029)。

结论

社会支持、自我效能感和应对方式均是影响电信员工工作倦怠的重要因素,自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持和工作倦怠间起链式中介作用。研究结果提示:增加对电信员工的社会支持、促进员工形成积极应对方式和提高自我效能感是缓解员工工作倦怠的重要途径。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
邵建岗,E-mail:
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徐新晴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:应用心理学

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徐新晴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:应用心理学

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BMC Psychology, 2024, 12(1): 275., articleTitle=Work pressure, coping styles and occupational burnout among Chinese police officers: a meta-analytic review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102836742812602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, awardId=202201895, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省“春晖计划”合作科研项目(202201895), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102829289533994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829297922606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, companyId=1241102829289533994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829306311214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, companyId=1241102829289533994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学心理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102829415363129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829419557434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, companyId=1241102829415363129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第二医科大学网络信息中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102834066846566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mediating effect diagram of self-efficacy and coping style, figureFileSmall=Ql5hZYJD562iHgLCe0Axxg==, figureFileBig=LvN1E0NCddLJd9MziJaliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102834142344046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自我效能感和应对方式的中介作用效应图

注:c表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=Ql5hZYJD562iHgLCe0Axxg==, figureFileBig=LvN1E0NCddLJd9MziJaliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102834394002297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection rates of mild, moderate, and high burnout among telecommunication employees

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数轻度倦怠中度倦怠高度倦怠
检出人数率(%)检出人数率(%)检出人数率(%)
性别
4 2911 87043.582756.34591.37
3 7821 54940.962025.34611.61
年龄(岁)
≤281 38786062.00896.42201.44
29~352 3501 46862.471546.55482.04
36~453 3441 84455.141935.77471.41
≥4699248248.59414.1350.50
工龄(年)
≤52 4651 51261.341506.09401.62
6~101 5831 00963.74935.87322.02
11~151 8701 09958.771347.17341.82
16~201 10157151.86544.9090.82
≥211 05446343.93464.3650.47
受教育程度
中专或高中1 05664461.10666.25121.14
大专3 0281 90462.881815.98521.72
本科3 5591 92053.952146.01541.52
研究生及以上43018643.26163.7220.47
合计8 0734 65457.654775.911201.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834477888386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电信员工轻度、中度和高度倦怠的检出率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数轻度倦怠中度倦怠高度倦怠
检出人数率(%)检出人数率(%)检出人数率(%)
性别
4 2911 87043.582756.34591.37
3 7821 54940.962025.34611.61
年龄(岁)
≤281 38786062.00896.42201.44
29~352 3501 46862.471546.55482.04
36~453 3441 84455.141935.77471.41
≥4699248248.59414.1350.50
工龄(年)
≤52 4651 51261.341506.09401.62
6~101 5831 00963.74935.87322.02
11~151 8701 09958.771347.17341.82
16~201 10157151.86544.9090.82
≥211 05446343.93464.3650.47
受教育程度
中专或高中1 05664461.10666.25121.14
大专3 0281 90462.881815.98521.72
本科3 5591 92053.952146.01541.52
研究生及以上43018643.26163.7220.47
合计8 0734 65457.654775.911201.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834612106116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of main variables (n=8 073)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标目量表得分1234
1社会支持42.93±9.511.000
2工作倦怠31.48±13.60-0.380b1.000
3自我效能感26.02±6.370.299b-0.333b1.000
4应对方式0.11±1.160.410b-0.524b0.296b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834712769417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要变量的描述性统计及相关分析(n=8 073)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标目量表得分1234
1社会支持42.93±9.511.000
2工作倦怠31.48±13.60-0.380b1.000
3自我效能感26.02±6.370.299b-0.333b1.000
4应对方式0.11±1.160.410b-0.524b0.296b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834846987155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis of the chained intermediate model of self-efficacy, coping style

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
结果变量预测变量RR2FβtP
自我效能感社会支持0.3290.108195.410.20528.715<0.001
性别1.69512.505<0.001
年龄-0.176-1.5480.122
工龄0.0090.1150.908
学历0.3604.054<0.001
应对方式社会支持0.4590.210357.070.04333.371<0.001
自我效能感0.03518.339<0.001
性别-0.078-3.333<0.001
年龄0.0422.1720.030
工龄-0.007-0.5250.599
学历0.1268.234<0.001
工作倦怠社会支持0.5760.332571.89-0.233-15.846<0.001
自我效能感-0.350-16.654<0.001
应对方式-4.773-39.809<0.001
性别0.0180.0500.960
年龄0.2131.0150.310
工龄-0.274-1.9650.049
学历-0.093-0.5630.574
), ArticleFig(id=1241102836415656865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自我效能感、应对方式的链式中介模型的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
结果变量预测变量RR2FβtP
自我效能感社会支持0.3290.108195.410.20528.715<0.001
性别1.69512.505<0.001
年龄-0.176-1.5480.122
工龄0.0090.1150.908
学历0.3604.054<0.001
应对方式社会支持0.4590.210357.070.04333.371<0.001
自我效能感0.03518.339<0.001
性别-0.078-3.333<0.001
年龄0.0422.1720.030
工龄-0.007-0.5250.599
学历0.1268.234<0.001
工作倦怠社会支持0.5760.332571.89-0.233-15.846<0.001
自我效能感-0.350-16.654<0.001
应对方式-4.773-39.809<0.001
性别0.0180.0500.960
年龄0.2131.0150.310
工龄-0.274-1.9650.049
学历-0.093-0.5630.574
), ArticleFig(id=1241102836520514471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Decomposition table of intermediate effect, total effect and direct effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目效应值(95%CIBootSE相对效应(%)
直接效应-0.233(-0.262~-0.205)0.01442.91
总间接效应-0.310(-0.329~-0.291)0.01057.09
社会支持→自我效能感→工作倦怠-0.072(-0.082~-0.608)0.00613.26
会支持→应对方式→工作倦怠-0.204(-0.221~-0.189)0.00837.57
社会支持→自我效能感→应对方式→工作倦怠-0.034(-0.039~-0.029)0.0036.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241102836608594863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102827133661588, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应、总效应及直接效应分解表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目效应值(95%CIBootSE相对效应(%)
直接效应-0.233(-0.262~-0.205)0.01442.91
总间接效应-0.310(-0.329~-0.291)0.01057.09
社会支持→自我效能感→工作倦怠-0.072(-0.082~-0.608)0.00613.26
会支持→应对方式→工作倦怠-0.204(-0.221~-0.189)0.00837.57
社会支持→自我效能感→应对方式→工作倦怠-0.034(-0.039~-0.029)0.0036.26
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社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的影响:自我效能感与应对方式的链式中介作用
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徐新晴 1 , 宋晶晶 1 , 潘振禹 1 , 张瀚中 1 , 朱菁华 1 , 邵建岗 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(16): 2993-2997
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(16): 2993-2997
社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的影响:自我效能感与应对方式的链式中介作用
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徐新晴1, 宋晶晶1, 潘振禹1, 张瀚中1, 朱菁华1, 邵建岗2
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学心理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第二医科大学网络信息中心
  • 徐新晴(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:应用心理学

通讯作者:

邵建岗,E-mail:
Impact of social support on work burnout among telecommunications employees: a chain mediated effect of self-efficacy and coping strategies
Xin-qing XU1, Jing-jing SONG1, Zhen-yu PAN1, Han-zhong ZHANG1, Jing-hua ZHU1, Jian-gang SHAO2
Affiliations
  • School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403166
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目的

研究旨在调查社会支持、自我效能感、应对方式对电信员工工作倦怠的影响,为降低电信员工工作倦怠提供实践指导。

方法

采用分层随机抽样并使用社会支持量表、应对方式量表、一般自我效能感量表和工作倦怠量表对8 073名电信员工进行问卷调查。通过Pearson相关分析,使用SPSS插件PROCESS模型6构建链式中介效应模型,研究社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠影响的中介路径。

结果

自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持和工作倦怠间的中介效应显著,效应量分别为-0.072(95%CI:-0.082~-0.608)、-0.204(95%CI:-0.221~-0.189);自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的作用中的链式中介作用显著,效应量为-0.034(95%CI:-0.039~-0.029)。

结论

社会支持、自我效能感和应对方式均是影响电信员工工作倦怠的重要因素,自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持和工作倦怠间起链式中介作用。研究结果提示:增加对电信员工的社会支持、促进员工形成积极应对方式和提高自我效能感是缓解员工工作倦怠的重要途径。

电信员工  /  社会支持  /  自我效能感  /  应对方式  /  工作倦怠
Objective

To investigate the influence of social support, self-efficacy and coping style on job burnout of telecommunication employees, and to provide practical guidance for reducing job burnout of telecommunication employees.

Methods

This study used stratified random sampling to conduct a questionnaire survey among 8073 telecommunication employees, using Social Support Scale, Coping Style Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Job Burnout Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and SPSS PROCESS model 6 were used to construct a chain mediating effect model to study the mediating path of social support on job burnout of telecommunication employees.

Results

Self-efficacy and coping style had a significant mediating effect on social support and job burnout, and the effect sizes were -0.072 (95%CI: -0.08--0.608) and -0.204 (95%CI: -0.221--0.189), respectively. Self-efficacy and coping style played a significant chain mediating role in the effect of social support on job burnout of telecommunication employees, and the effect size was -0.034 (95%CI: -0.039 - -0.029).

Conclusion

Social support, self-efficacy and coping style are important factors affecting job burnout of telecommunication employees. Self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between social support and job burnout. The results of this study suggest that increasing social support for telecommunication employees, promoting them to form positive coping styles and improving their self-efficacy are important ways to alleviate their job burnout.

Telecommunication employees  /  Social support  /  Self-efficacy  /  Coping style  /  Job burnout
徐新晴, 宋晶晶, 潘振禹, 张瀚中, 朱菁华, 邵建岗. 社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的影响:自我效能感与应对方式的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2993 -2997 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403166
Xin-qing XU, Jing-jing SONG, Zhen-yu PAN, Han-zhong ZHANG, Jing-hua ZHU, Jian-gang SHAO. Impact of social support on work burnout among telecommunications employees: a chain mediated effect of self-efficacy and coping strategies[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2993 -2997 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403166
工作倦怠是指员工在工作中出现情绪、心理和生理上的疲惫感[1]。电信员工由于长期从事单一性的服务工作,并需要长时间面对客户,处理各种问题和投诉,导致他们更容易出现工作倦怠。工作倦怠除了影响工作绩效,还会对员工身心健康产生极大危害,严重情况会引发焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍等身体疾病[2]。因此了解电信员工工作倦怠的影响因素对后续干预具有重要意义。
社会支持是影响工作倦怠的重要因素之一。基于工作需求-资源理论,高工作资源会产生低水平倦怠[3]。最近对护士群体的研究发现,社会支持度越高,工作倦怠程度越低[4],但并未有研究探究社会支持对电信员工的影响。了解电信员工在社会支持方面的情况,可以帮助企业制定更有效的支持策略,从而提升员工的工作效率和满意度,减少工作倦怠。同时,电信员工的自我效能感与社会支持、工作倦怠关系紧密。社会支持能正向预测自我效能感[5]。自我效能感是一种积极的自我认知,不仅可以预测工作满意度[6],还能缓解疲劳[7]。所以推测社会支持可能通过自我效能感影响其工作倦怠水平。另外,社会支持也可以通过应对方式影响工作倦怠。应对方式指个人在面对压力时采取的态度,分为积极应对和消极应对,并受到外界环境影响[8]。研究发现,社会支持能预测员工的应对方式:社会支持的增加,员工会认为组织重视他们的贡献,使其处于积极的应对状态[9]。同时,积极的应对方式(例如寻求社会支持)与更低的倦怠程度相关[10]。所以推测社会支持通过应对方式影响电信员工工作倦怠水平。
应对方式也可能通过自我效能感影响电信员工的工作倦怠。自我效能感高的人更倾向于采取积极应对方式,焦虑情绪更容易缓解;而自我效能感低的人更容易采取回避的应对方式[11]。对解决问题更有自信的人会有更积极主动的态度,能更好地应对挑战,从而降低焦虑情绪[12]。应对方式影响员工的工作倦怠,可能成为员工自我效能感和工作倦怠之间的中介变量。基于此,可以推测自我效能感和应对方式可能在社会支持和电信员工工作倦怠间起链式中介。综上,本研究拟构建一个链式中介模型探索社会支持、自我效能感、应对方式对电信员工工作倦怠的影响机制,为降低电信员工的工作倦怠提供数据支持。
于2024年1月至2月对山东省各市的电信员工进行问卷调查。采用分层随机抽样法,依据山东省各市人口比例确定各市的员工总数,再对各市的员工进行随机抽样。通过线上收集问卷,共收集9 906份问卷,得到8 073份有效问卷,有效率为81.50%。本研究经山东第二医科大学医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:2023YX118),研究对象均已签署知情同意书。
包括性别、年龄、工龄、受教育程度。
使用社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale, SSRS)[13],共包括10个条目。主要测量客观支持、主观支持和对社会支持的利用率。评分指标是10个条目的总分,总分12~66分,总分越高社会支持越高。本研究,该量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.824。
采用一般自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale, GSES)[14],共包括10个项目,总分10~40分,得分越高自我效能感水平越高。本研究,该量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.925。
采用简易应对方式量表(simplified coping style questionnaire, SCSQ)[15],主要评估个体在遭遇困难时采取的态度和行为。包含20个条目,分为积极应对量表(1~12条目)和消极应对量表(13~20条目)。应对倾向得分=积极应对标准分(Z分)-消极应对标准分(Z分)。得分大于0,表示个体在压力状态下倾向于积极的应对方式;小于0,个体倾向于消极应对方式。本研究,积极应对和消极应对量表的克隆巴赫系数分别为0.905和0.836,总量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.871。
使用工作倦怠量表(maslach burnout inventory, MBI)[16]。该量表包括耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低三个维度,其中成就感降低项目需要反向计分。得分越高工作倦怠水平越高。工作倦怠评分以耗竭分数大于25、人格解体分数大于11、成就感降低分数大于16分为标准,大于其中一项为轻度倦怠、大于两项为中度倦怠、大于三项为高度倦怠[17]。本研究,该量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.868。
使用SPSS 24.0软件进行描述统计和数据分析。计数资料采用n(%)描述,计量资料采用()描述,相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。使用SPSS插件PROCESS模型6构建链式中介模型,采用Bootstrap方法对5 000个样本进行重复抽样检验中介效应显著性水平。检验水准为α=0.05。
为避免共同方法偏差的影响,问卷采取了匿名形式,并使用Harman单因素检验对收集的数据进行了共同方法偏差检验。结果表明,在未旋转的探索性因子分析中,8个因子特征值大于1,最大因子解释率为23.83%(低于40%)。因此,本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差问题。
研究共调查了8 073名电信员工。男性员工4 291(53.15%)人,女性员工3 782(46.85%)人;员工28岁及以下1 387(17.18%)人,29岁~35岁2 350(29.11%)人,36岁~45岁3 344(41.42%)人,46岁及以上992(12.29%)人。电信员工轻度、中度和高度倦怠的检出率见表1
8 073名电信员工的社会支持、工作倦怠、自我效能感、应对方式得分见表2。对社会支持、自我效能感、应对方式和工作倦怠进行了相关分析,结果显示变量之间均存在显著的两两相关关系,见表2
使用PROCESS模型6,将社会支持作为自变量,工作倦怠为因变量,自我效能感和应对方式为链式中介变量,性别、年龄、工龄和学历作为控制变量,验证自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持与电信员工工作倦怠之间的中介作用,得到路径模型如图1所示。整个回归方程显著(R2=0.148,F=157.67,P<0.001),路径系数结果见表3。社会支持能正向预测自我效能感;社会支持和自我效能感均正性预测应对方式;当社会支持、自我效能感以及应对方式同时预测工作倦怠时,三者均具有负向预测作用。
中介效应显著性检验采用Bootstrap方法对5 000个样本重复抽样,估计中介效应的95%置信区间。结果显示,社会支持对工作倦怠有显著的影响路径。同时,自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持与工作倦怠之间发挥着中介作用,具体表现为三条路径:自我效能感的单独中介作用,应对方式的单独中介作用,自我效能感通过应对方式起到的链式中介作用。自我效能感(95%CI=[-0.082,-0.608])、应对方式(95%CI=[-0.221,-0.189])在社会支持与工作倦怠中起部分中介作用,分别占总效应的13.26%和37.57%;自我效能感→应对方式(95%CI=[-0.039,-0.029])起链式中介作用,占总效应的6.26%。见表4
本次调查中,57.65%的电信员工存在工作倦怠,表明我国电信员工工作倦怠情况并不乐观,这提示需要加强对电信员工的关注与干预。研究结果显示,社会支持对电信员工的工作倦怠水平产生直接影响,同时也通过自我效能感和应对方式间接影响工作倦怠水平。
研究发现社会支持可以负向预测电信员工的工作倦怠水平,这与之前研究结果一致[18]。这一结果也验证了工作需求-资源模型,高工作资源下,员工的工作倦怠水平下降[19]。有研究发现,来自领导和同事的支持可以有效的减少工作倦怠[20]。社会支持可以提供情感、信息和评价上的支持,增强员工的工作满意度,减少工作倦怠的发生。因此,高水平的社会支持对减轻电信员工的工作倦怠起着非常重要且不可忽视的作用。同时,社会支持不仅直接负向影响电信员工的工作倦怠,还通过自我效能感间接影响。社会支持可以通过提供情感上的支持来影响个体的自我效能感。低自我效能感的员工更倾向于对自己工作能力产生消极评价[21]。高自我效能感的个体面对压力时,更有信心并主动寻求帮助,所以他们产生工作倦怠的可能性小[22]。此外,应对方式在社会支持与电信员工工作倦怠间起中介作用。基于社会支持的缓冲器模型理论,社会支持可以转变消极态度[23]。一般压力理论提到,当个体面对压力时,采取不同的应对方式会产生不同的适应性结果[24]。采取消极的应对方式的个体在面对低程度的社会支持时,倾向于回避或否定自我,造成工作倦怠水平增加。因此,在增加电信员工的社会支持的同时,员工自身还应该提升自我效能感和采取积极应对方式,从而更有信心面对工作挑战、保持乐观的工作态度,进而降低因情绪衰竭产生的工作倦怠。
研究表明,自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的影响中起到了链式中介的作用。自我效能感是一种重要的心理资源,积极的应对方式是解决压力的重要措施[25]。由此可见,电信员工在面对低水平的社会支持时,自我效能感偏低或采取消极应对方式,都会加剧电信员工的工作倦怠。因此,通过加强自我效能感、培养积极的应对方式,并借助社会支持等外部资源,可以帮助电信员工更好地管理工作压力,预防工作倦怠的发生。
本研究还存在一定的不足之处。尽管考虑了社会支持这一外部因素,但其他外部因素也会对工作倦怠产生影响,需要进一步探索。此外,研究结果可能受到文化差异的影响,在不同文化背景下的适用性需要进一步验证。
综上,研究揭示了在管理和预防电信员工工作倦怠方面,自我效能感、应对方式和社会支持的相互作用,这为组织和个体提供了重要的理论指导。同时,研究提示应该增加对电信员工的社会支持,企业可以提供心理健康服务,如心理咨询、压力管理培训等,以更有效地处理工作压力和挑战,帮助员工减轻工作倦怠的负面影响。
  • 山东省“春晖计划”合作科研项目(202201895)
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403166
  • 接收时间:2024-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11
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山东省“春晖计划”合作科研项目(202201895)
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    1.山东第二医科大学心理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第二医科大学网络信息中心

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邵建岗,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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