Article(id=1241102826437399234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310067, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696694400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831572398, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831572398, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831572398, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831572398, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2925, endPage=2928, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102828131898113, articleId=1241102826437399234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Exploration and practice of high-quality development in prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Occupational health is an important foundation and component of the construction of a healthy China. At present, China’s occupational disease prevention and control institutions are not fully adapted to the new requirements of high-quality development. This article starts from the perspective of “putting people’s health at the center” and focuses on the important discourse that “developing new quality productive forces is the intrinsic requirement and an important focus of promoting high-quality development”. Based on the practice and achievements of West China Fourth Hospital (West China School of Public Health) of Sichuan University, this article elaborates on the exploration and practice of high-quality development of prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases from two aspects: protecting people’s life, health and safety and developing new quality productive forces.

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职业健康是健康中国建设的重要基础和组成部分,但当前我国职业病防治院还不完全适应高质量发展的新要求。本文从“以人民健康为中心”角度切入,围绕“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”重要论述,结合四川大学华西第四医院(华西公共卫生学院)的实践与成效,从维护人民生命健康、发展新质生产力两大方面阐述了职业病防治院高质量发展的探索与实践。

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程永忠;E-mail:
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吕同泽(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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吕同泽(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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吕同泽(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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职业病防治院高质量发展的探索与实践
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吕同泽 , 程永忠
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(16): 2925-2928
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(16): 2925-2928
职业病防治院高质量发展的探索与实践
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吕同泽, 程永忠
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 吕同泽(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

通讯作者:

程永忠;E-mail:
Exploration and practice of high-quality development in prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases
Tong-ze LV, Yong-zhong CHENG
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310067
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职业健康是健康中国建设的重要基础和组成部分,但当前我国职业病防治院还不完全适应高质量发展的新要求。本文从“以人民健康为中心”角度切入,围绕“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”重要论述,结合四川大学华西第四医院(华西公共卫生学院)的实践与成效,从维护人民生命健康、发展新质生产力两大方面阐述了职业病防治院高质量发展的探索与实践。

职业病防治院  /  高质量发展  /  新质生产力  /  探索与实践

Occupational health is an important foundation and component of the construction of a healthy China. At present, China’s occupational disease prevention and control institutions are not fully adapted to the new requirements of high-quality development. This article starts from the perspective of “putting people’s health at the center” and focuses on the important discourse that “developing new quality productive forces is the intrinsic requirement and an important focus of promoting high-quality development”. Based on the practice and achievements of West China Fourth Hospital (West China School of Public Health) of Sichuan University, this article elaborates on the exploration and practice of high-quality development of prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases from two aspects: protecting people’s life, health and safety and developing new quality productive forces.

Prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases  /  High-quality development  /  New quality productive forces  /  Exploration and practice
吕同泽, 程永忠. 职业病防治院高质量发展的探索与实践. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2925 -2928 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310067
Tong-ze LV, Yong-zhong CHENG. Exploration and practice of high-quality development in prevention and treatment hospitals for occupational diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2925 -2928 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310067
健康是人民最具普遍意义的美好生活需要,应为人人所享有。党的十八大以来,我国卫生健康事业坚持人民至上、生命至上,努力全方位、全周期保障人民健康。全面推进健康中国建设是实现我国社会主义现代化建设的战略任务,是保障人民安居乐业的现实基础,是维护社会公众健康安全的核心保障[1]
2024年1月31日下午,习近平总书记在主持中共中央政治局新年首次集体学习时强调“必须牢记高质量发展是新时代的硬道理”,并指出“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”[2]。《国家职业病防治规划(2021-2025年)》明确指出我国职业健康领域的技术和服务能力还不完全适应当前国家高质量发展的新要求。因此,职业病防治院如何发展新质生产力、统筹高质量发展和高水平安全亟待探索研究。四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)是直属国家卫生健康委员会的唯一一所职业病防治专科三甲医院与公共卫生学院院院合一的单位,本文将对其作为职业病防治院如何维护人民生命健康、发展新质生产力,推动实现高质量发展进行的探索与实践展开讨论。
安全是发展的前提,发展是安全的保障。我国社会主义现代化事业顺利推进需要把统筹高质量发展和高水平安全作为战略任务落实到位。职业病防治院主要对职业病进行预防、控制、治疗,因而职业病防治院的作用发挥与我国经济社会的发展安全密不可分。四川大学华西第四医院就如何立足职业病防治院职责本位,保障人民健康高水平安全积极展开探索与实践。
党的二十大报告指出,“坚持党的全面领导是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路”。公立医院坚持党的全面领导是实现医院高质量发展的“强心针”。公立医院党委要充分发挥“稳舵定向”的领导作用,严格践行群事群议要求,加强重大问题集体研究;将党建与事业融合发展纳入公立医院章程,深刻认识、切实推进党的领导在公立医院治理全过程中发挥的核心作用,贯彻落实好广泛、真实、管用的党建工作思想要求,永葆“为人民服务”的初心使命,以扎实党建全力推进健康中国建设。
职业病防治院在实现高质量发展的探索实践过程中,必须进一步坚持和加强党的全面领导,坚持以人民为中心,以获得人民满意为目标实现职业病防治院高质量发展[3-4]。作为疾病预防和临床诊疗深度融合的基层单位,华西第四医院深入贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想,推进医院高质量发展,重点推进《关于推动公立医院高质量发展的意见》(国办发〔2021〕18号)中指出的“一全五新”六个方面工作,积极探索创建新时代职业病防治院医防融合和平战结合新范式,为加快“健康中国”建设和保障人民健康全力以赴。
医防融合是建立中国特色优质高效的卫生健康服务体系的基本路径,也是持续推进健康中国战略实施的重要举措。职业病防治院在践行医防融合理念时,不仅要深刻调整现有医疗卫生服务模式和理念,也要有效整合优化基层医疗资源,关键在于服务、理念和体系的转变。
(1)普及职业健康教育,精耕细作源头预防。职业健康培训是实现健康中国战略的重要基础性工作。《国家卫生健康委办公厅关于进一步加强用人单位职业健康培训工作的通知》(国卫办职健函〔2022〕441号)强调了职业健康培训对劳动者和用人单位的重要性。职业病防治院应协助当地卫生行政部门开展职业健康教育培训,针对不同人群制作丰富多样的高质量培训课程,尤其要重点加强对职业病危害严重行业领域用人单位职业健康培训的指导,要突出不同行业、岗位的职业病危害特点,规范各层次医疗卫生机构健康教育工作开展,把控好健康教育源头质量,切实提升劳动者的防护意识和防护水平。
(2)落实主动健康要求,转变卫生服务理念。实现防治职业病向全方位全周期维护职业人群健康转变,需要积极推动社会医疗从以治病为中心向以主动健康为中心转变。一方面要“拨正”输出端,开展医疗卫生行业研讨与培训,大力践行“预防为主”的新时期卫生健康工作方针和主动健康理念,发挥职业病防治院在疾病预防控制、健康科普、健康管理领域的综合优势;一方面要“找准”接收端,打破传统的“讲座式”健康科普思维,发掘职业人群中“个体”的健康诉求,实现精准健康管理。基于此,华西第四医院在全国率先开通“医防融合健康咨询”,以门诊的渠道提供“面对面、一对一”式健康咨询服务,为“提升和塑造群众主动健康的意识,把对疾病或健康隐患的处置关口前移”探索出全新路径[5]
(3)构建防治网络体系,督促主体责任落实。“十四五”职业病防治主要指标明确要依托现有医疗资源,完善“国家、省、市、县”四级职业病及危害因素监测与风险评估技术支撑网络;充分发挥职业病防治院和综合医院的作用,加快“国家—省—市”职业卫生机构布署和建设,重点向关键县区、乡镇下沉优质资源,构建并完善职业病诊断救治技术支撑网络[6]。为充分发挥防治网络主体责任意识,华西第四医院发起成立中国职业病防治院联盟,倡导健康职业方式、进行健康行为干预,引导企业切实维护好职业人群的健康权益;凝聚智慧、形成合力,以优质高效的医疗服务体系助力职业医学发展,以科学防治、分级诊疗为抓手合理分配职业健康医疗卫生资源,切实保障职业人群的生命和健康[7-8]
2024年全国卫生健康工作会议指出要防范化解卫生健康领域重大风险,着力防范化解重大传染病疫情、生物安全、安全生产等风险,推动高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。
职业病防治院作为处理地区中毒卫生等应急重任的主力军,平战结合是加强职业病防治院应对突发重大公共卫生事件能力的最有效途径之一[9]。第一,职业病防治院应建立地区重大(中毒)卫生事件预备役制度,联合地区疾病预防控制中心共同参与公共卫生事件的应急响应,加强应急演练与培训,提高职业病防治院的“战时”转化能力。第二,职业病防治院需要统筹医院建筑与医疗物资,协调卫生物资相关企业,充分考虑信息传递渠道和应急交通路线,做好“战时”卫生物资的仓储运输和紧急生产预案。第三,职业病防治院需要培养一支训练有素的公共卫生应急人才队伍,能够在“战时”迅速做出实质响应并进行人力、财力、物资和信息资源的合理调度。与此同时,职业病防治院不能忽视“平时”的运营管理,需要根据自身特点为地区群众提供优质的医疗卫生服务,积极发挥职业病防治院的经济效益和社会效益。
华西第四医院贯彻党的二十大报告中指出的“健全公共卫生体系,加强重大疫情防控救治体系和应急能力建设”要求,重视应急管理建设,学系(中心)业务实体中设有卫生应急管理学系,加强卫生应急管理人才队伍培养,严格规范医院建筑设施规划、保障医疗资源安全高效运转,作为四川省和成都市化学中毒救治基地、成都市职业中毒与核辐射损伤救治基地、四川省化学中毒救治药品储备库、四川省职业病防治院,承担西南地区中毒卫生应急重任,对各类中毒事件和核事故进行医学处置;与此同时并兼顾运营管理效益,拥有老年科、姑息医学、耳鼻喉科和职业病防治等一批特色专科,作为省、市社会医疗保险定点医院为社会和公众提供优质医疗服务。
习近平总书记在主持中共中央政治局新年首次集体学习时指出发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,强调高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导,而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支持力,需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括,用以指导新的发展实践[2]
四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)长期以来在独特的实践模式中促进学院医院治理水平和治理能力现代化,探索新时代“医防融合、医教融合、产教融合”的新模式,持续优化“院院合一”管理体制机制。
华西公卫华西四院在人才培养中以学生为中心、在医疗服务中以患者为中心、在管理服务中以员工为中心,坚持走“党建与事业融合、学院与医院融合、业务与运营融合”具有学院医院特色的发展路径,实现了科学研究与临床实践中生产要素的创新性配置,推动了“劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升”。
(1)有效打通学科-专科壁垒。一方面,“院院合一”模式下职业病防治的专科实践可以有效增强公共卫生学科理论研究中的需求导向和问题需求。需求导向和问题导向的科技研究,有利于聚焦国家急迫需求和长远发展中的重大问题,抓住科技革命和产业变革机遇,解决经济社会发展中的关键问题;另一方面,“院院合一”模式下公共卫生学科理论研究成果可以更快完成转化并投入到职业病防治的专科实践中。依托科研成果的快速转化机制,可以更好发挥职业病防治院在职业健康教育与防治领域的综合优势,从而实现维护国家长治久安,保障人民生命健康的根本目的。
(2)更好凝聚学院-医院合力。“院院合一”模式有利于用足资源禀赋,加强统筹协调,大力开展协同创新,集中力量办大事,形成推进自主创新的强大合力。以华西职业性尘肺队列(West China Occupational Pneumoconiosis Cohort Study, WCOPCS)为例,工作组于2021年10月正式成立,依托华西第四医院国家临床重点专科职业病科开展尘肺临床专病双向队列研究:基于华西四院HIS系统,建立全部尘肺病住院病人回顾性队列;基于华西四院尘肺病住院及门诊病人,建立尘肺病人前瞻性专病队列[10]。职业病防治院的独特受众定位降低了队列构建的难度和投入,同时基于现有的HIS系统和住院门诊信息还可以进一步提升研究数据的可及性和准确性,达到绿色和质优的统一。
所以,华西公卫华西四院“院院合一”模式实现了生产要素创新性配置,可以有效打通学科-专科壁垒、更好凝聚学院-医院合力,凸显了新质生产力“全要素生存率大幅提升”的核心标志。
习近平总书记指出科技创新能催生新产业、新模式、新动能,是发展新质生产力的核心要素,并强调要及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上,改造提升传统产业,培育壮大新兴产业,布局建设未来产业,完善现代化产业体系[2]
(1)科技创新孕育新产业。职业病防治院应着力构建防治康养综合体系,预防为主,加强健康教育与健康科普,着力推进科技成果的技术化、产品化、产业化,为广大群众提供多层次全方位高水平医疗和康养服务。四川华西医养健康科技有限公司系国家卫健委批复、四川大学华西第四医院全额投资组建的国有资本经营管理平台,致力于“医防融合”相关健康产业项目经营合作,可承载教育培训、科学研究、医疗服务、管理输出、成果转化、产品打造等全产业链的项目合作,是健康产业“链主”企业。
(2)科技创新催生新模式。职业病防治院应当按照“省市诊断、省市县救治、基层康复”的原则,辐射区域内及周边地域医疗卫生服务机构,落好职业健康问题预防、诊断、治疗、康复四颗“关键子”,激活职业病诊断医师规范化管理和职业卫生救治专家队伍常态化建设的“满盘棋”,从而在紧密型网络建设中有效授权并完善新的职业健康监管体系网络[7]。四川大学华西公共卫生学院、华西第四医院、华西卫生管理干部培训中心、华西医养健康科技有限公司集“校”“院”“地”“企”于一身,实现了职业健康“防”“治”“教”“产”全方位融合发展新模式。
(3)科技创新释放新动能。职业病防治院应当加强职业卫生基础科学研究,创造高水平的科研成果,努力为解决国家急需的“卡脖子”问题贡献力量。华西公卫华西四院以学科-专科高水平融合发展为目标,面向人民健康重大需求,布局“重大慢性非传染性疾病主动健康与精准预防医学学科群”和“职业卫生与职业医学学科群”加大平台建设,创建“四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院”,下设10个医防融合研究中心;建设“华西老年人群健康队列”“华西职业尘肺队列”和“华西骨健康队列”三个精细化队列,孵化系列国家级重点研究项目,释放学科发展新动能,助力健康中国建设。
习近平总书记强调,要按照发展新质生产力要求,畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环,完善人才培养、引进、使用、合理流动的工作机制。要根据科技发展新趋势,优化高等学校学科设置、人才培养模式,为发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展培养急需人才[2]
《国家职业病防治规划(2021—2025年)》指出,要推进校企在职业病防治方面技术支撑研究的合作共建。职业病防治院应聚焦职业健康领域国家战略需求,深化产学研融合,落实高质量发展思想,加强院地合作,推动产教研深层次融合,加强理论和应用研究与转化,尽快突破急需急用技术的“瓶颈”,统筹考虑职业健康工作,促进企业改善员工职业工作环境水平;努力创造高等院校、科研院所和相关企业的合作接口,搭建好学科、人才、信息化建设合作平台,努力促进同质化建设,推动优质资源复制与下沉[11-12]。华西公卫华西四院全面制定研究生专业实践规范性制度体系,建立涵盖地方政府部门、医疗卫生机构和企事业单位的产教融合基地;以项目合作形式超前部署研究生专业实践计划,实现“学校+基地”公共卫生专业型研究生培养模式;整合学院和产教融合基地双方优质资源,推动双方在人才培养、科学研究、成果转化、社会服务等方面的全方位合作。通过畅通教育、科技、人才良性循环,推进高质量人才培养,致力于培养国家急需的、能“一锤定音”的高层次应用型复合人才,为职业卫生创新发展提供强有力的人才支撑。
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310067
  • 接收时间:2023-10-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-08
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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