Article(id=1241102825984414401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715184000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831572290, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831572290, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831572290, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831572290, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2960, endPage=2965, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102827708273378, articleId=1241102825984414401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis in fection among high school students, Chongqing, 2023, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection among high school students in Chongqing, and to provide technical support for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in Chongqing.

Methods

Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the students of the first and second years of high school in Chongqing in 2023, as the study subjects to detect latent tuberculosis infection with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test, to collect the information related to latent tuberculosis infection, and to analyse the influencing factors using Logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 9161 students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing were included, and 543 latent tuberculosis infections were detected, with a latent tuberculosis infection rate of 5.93%. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that history of previous tuberculosis (OR:4.244, 95%CI:2.239-8.044), history of close contact with tuberculosis (OR:2.096, 95%CI:1.123-3.914), smoking (OR:6.819, 95%CI:3.562-13.053), and staying up late (OR:1.665, 95%CI:1.154-2.402) were risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in students.

Conclusion

The rate of latent tuberculosis infection among students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing is low. Not smoking, not staying up late, avoiding close contact with tuberculosis patients, taking good personal protective measures, strengthening physical exercise, and improving immunity can reduce the risk of students being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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目的

探索重庆市高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素,为重庆市学校结核病防控提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取2023年重庆市高一、高二年级学生为研究对象,用重组结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白皮肤试验检测结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况,收集结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的相关信息,采用logistic回归模型分析影响因素。

结果

共纳入重庆市高一、高二年级学生9 161人,检出结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染543人,结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率为5.93%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往结核病史(OR:4.244,95%CI:2.239~8.044)、结核病密切接触史(OR:2.096,95%CI:1.123~3.914)、吸烟(OR:6.819,95%CI:3.562~13.053)、熬夜(OR:1.665,95%CI:1.154~2.402)是学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的危险因素。

结论

重庆市高一、高二年级学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率较低。做好个人防护措施,加强身体锻炼,提高自身免疫力,可降低学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险。

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曾庆,E-mail:
吴波,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2IWn00R7TVDKOJWz+4N6xw==, magXml=3hCLaSqMqUp4qS4xQAlNkw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ja2v/0BOof/kY5v5VQHCiQ==, pdfFileSize=766061, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=iGtG1BAv76FeXYHicWSSMg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/c43n8JmVbA2ZeT23ru80A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

钱金山(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:多元统计方法及其流行病学现场应用

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钱金山(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:多元统计方法及其流行病学现场应用

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A case-control study on influencing factors of the pulmonary tuberculosis among students inShenzhen City[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2016, 38(6): 486-492., articleTitle=A case-control study on influencing factors of the pulmonary tuberculosis among students inShenzhen City, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102838533771378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, awardId=2023ZDXM 027, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市科卫联合医学科研重点项目(2023ZDXM 027), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102838659600499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, awardId=2023MSXM143, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市科卫联合医学科研面上项目(2023MSXM143), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102838760263796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设经费资助, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102829599904625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829608293235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, companyId=1241102829599904625, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829616681845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, companyId=1241102829599904625, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 401331)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102829750899585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102829759288194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, companyId=1241102829750899585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆市结核病防治所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102837506166883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Inclusion of study participants, figureFileSmall=m4+McNQHibHFQ98F2Bi1ww==, figureFileBig=iGtG1BAv76FeXYHicWSSMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837585858661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象纳入流程, figureFileSmall=m4+McNQHibHFQ98F2Bi1ww==, figureFileBig=iGtG1BAv76FeXYHicWSSMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102837774602345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Status of LTBI among students in Chongqing(n=9 161)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别调查人数(%)LTBI者(%)χ2P
性别0.0200.887
男性4 933(53.85)294(5.96)
女性4 228(46.15)249(5.89)
年级1.5580.212
高一4 675(51.03)263(5.63)
高二4 486(49.97)280(6.24)
合计9 161(100.00)543(5.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102837854294122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市学生LTBI现状(n=9 161)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别调查人数(%)LTBI者(%)χ2P
性别0.0200.887
男性4 933(53.85)294(5.96)
女性4 228(46.15)249(5.89)
年级1.5580.212
高一4 675(51.03)263(5.63)
高二4 486(49.97)280(6.24)
合计9 161(100.00)543(5.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102837950763116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

One-way logistic regression analysis of LTBI for Chongqing students(n=3 333)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数(%)LTBI者(%)单因素分析
OR95%CIP
性别
1 702(51.07)161(9.46)
1 631(48.93)178(10.91)1.1730.936~1.4680.165
年级
高一1 689(50.68)160(9.47)
高二1 644(49.32)179(10.89)1.1680.932~1.4620.177
BMI
18.5~24.01 982(59.47)211(10.65)
<18.5985(29.55)96(9.46)0.9060.703~1.1690.449
≥24.0366(10.98)32(8.74)0.8040.545~1.1870.273
接种卡介苗
2 170(65.11)212(9.77)0.8830.700~1.1140.295
1 163(34.89)127(10.92)
既往结核病史
47(1.41)15(31.91)4.2852.296~7.997<0.001
3 286(98.59)324(9.86)
结核病密切接触史
66(1.98)14(21.21)2.4371.336~4.4460.004
3 267(98.02)325(9.95)
寄宿生
1 540(46.20)162(10.52)1.0730.857~1.3440.537
1 793(53.80)177(9.87)
吸烟
49(1.47)22(44.90)7.6264.293~13.549<0.001
3 284(98.53)317(9.65)
饮酒
155(4.65)28(18.06)2.0321.328~3.1110.001
3 178(95.35)311(9.79)
每天平均户外活动时间
<1 h1 152(34.56)105(9.11)
1~2 h1 662(49.86)173(10.41)1.1590.898~1.4950.258
>2 h519(15.57)61(11.75)1.3280.951~1.8550.096
每周平均熬夜次数
0次538(16.14)35(6.51)
1~2次1 318(39.53)127(9.64)1.5321.039~2.2600.031
3~4次1 069(32.07)121(11.32)1.8341.240~2.7130.002
>4次408(12.24)56(13.73)2.2861.467~3.563<0.001
家庭年收入
<10万2 449(73.48)243(9.92)
10~20万772(23.16)81(10.49)1.0640.816~1.3880.646
>20万112(3.36)15(13.39)1.4040.802~2.4570.235
父亲文化程度
小学及以下726(21.78)78(10.74)
初中1 737(52.12)175(10.07)0.9310.702~1.2340.618
高中558(16.74)50(8.96)0.8180.563~1.1880.291
大专及以上312(9.36)36(11.54)1.0840.712~1.6480.707
母亲文化程度
小学及以下1 238(37.14)125(10.10)
初中1 510(45.30)150(9.93)0.9820.765~1.2610.887
高中378(11.34)42(11.11)1.1130.769~1.6120.571
大专及以上207(6.21)22(10.63)1.0590.656~1.710.815
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838034649197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重庆市学生LTBI的单因素logistic回归分析(n=3 333)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数(%)LTBI者(%)单因素分析
OR95%CIP
性别
1 702(51.07)161(9.46)
1 631(48.93)178(10.91)1.1730.936~1.4680.165
年级
高一1 689(50.68)160(9.47)
高二1 644(49.32)179(10.89)1.1680.932~1.4620.177
BMI
18.5~24.01 982(59.47)211(10.65)
<18.5985(29.55)96(9.46)0.9060.703~1.1690.449
≥24.0366(10.98)32(8.74)0.8040.545~1.1870.273
接种卡介苗
2 170(65.11)212(9.77)0.8830.700~1.1140.295
1 163(34.89)127(10.92)
既往结核病史
47(1.41)15(31.91)4.2852.296~7.997<0.001
3 286(98.59)324(9.86)
结核病密切接触史
66(1.98)14(21.21)2.4371.336~4.4460.004
3 267(98.02)325(9.95)
寄宿生
1 540(46.20)162(10.52)1.0730.857~1.3440.537
1 793(53.80)177(9.87)
吸烟
49(1.47)22(44.90)7.6264.293~13.549<0.001
3 284(98.53)317(9.65)
饮酒
155(4.65)28(18.06)2.0321.328~3.1110.001
3 178(95.35)311(9.79)
每天平均户外活动时间
<1 h1 152(34.56)105(9.11)
1~2 h1 662(49.86)173(10.41)1.1590.898~1.4950.258
>2 h519(15.57)61(11.75)1.3280.951~1.8550.096
每周平均熬夜次数
0次538(16.14)35(6.51)
1~2次1 318(39.53)127(9.64)1.5321.039~2.2600.031
3~4次1 069(32.07)121(11.32)1.8341.240~2.7130.002
>4次408(12.24)56(13.73)2.2861.467~3.563<0.001
家庭年收入
<10万2 449(73.48)243(9.92)
10~20万772(23.16)81(10.49)1.0640.816~1.3880.646
>20万112(3.36)15(13.39)1.4040.802~2.4570.235
父亲文化程度
小学及以下726(21.78)78(10.74)
初中1 737(52.12)175(10.07)0.9310.702~1.2340.618
高中558(16.74)50(8.96)0.8180.563~1.1880.291
大专及以上312(9.36)36(11.54)1.0840.712~1.6480.707
母亲文化程度
小学及以下1 238(37.14)125(10.10)
初中1 510(45.30)150(9.93)0.9820.765~1.2610.887
高中378(11.34)42(11.11)1.1130.769~1.6120.571
大专及以上207(6.21)22(10.63)1.0590.656~1.710.815
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838131118190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
LTBI0=非LTBI,1=LTBI
既往结核病史0=无既往结核病史,1=有既往结核病史
结核病密切接触史0=无结核病密切接触史,1=有结核病密切接触史
吸烟0=不吸烟,1=吸烟
饮酒0=不饮酒,1=饮酒
熬夜0=每周熬夜0次,1=每周熬夜1次及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838219198575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
LTBI0=非LTBI,1=LTBI
既往结核病史0=无既往结核病史,1=有既往结核病史
结核病密切接触史0=无结核病密切接触史,1=有结核病密切接触史
吸烟0=不吸烟,1=吸烟
饮酒0=不饮酒,1=饮酒
熬夜0=每周熬夜0次,1=每周熬夜1次及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838319861872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multifactorial logistic Regression Analysis of LTBI for Chongqing Students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
既往结核病史
1.4450.32619.6324.2442.239~8.044<0.001
结核病密切接触史
0.7400.3195.3962.0961.123~3.9140.020
吸烟
1.9200.33133.5706.8193.562~13.053<0.001
饮酒
0.0850.2650.1051.0890.651~1.8200.746
熬夜
0.5100.1877.4261.6651.154~2.4020.006
), ArticleFig(id=1241102838416330865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825984414401, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

重庆市学生LTBI的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
既往结核病史
1.4450.32619.6324.2442.239~8.044<0.001
结核病密切接触史
0.7400.3195.3962.0961.123~3.9140.020
吸烟
1.9200.33133.5706.8193.562~13.053<0.001
饮酒
0.0850.2650.1051.0890.651~1.8200.746
熬夜
0.5100.1877.4261.6651.154~2.4020.006
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2023年重庆市高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析
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钱金山 1 , 余雅 2 , 吴成果 2 , 石亚玲 2 , 刘英 2 , 尹进 2 , 苏倩 2 , 黄学勇 2 , 王梅 2 , 曾庆 1 , 吴波 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(16): 2960-2965
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(16): 2960-2965
2023年重庆市高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析
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钱金山1, 余雅2, 吴成果2, 石亚玲2, 刘英2, 尹进2, 苏倩2, 黄学勇2, 王梅2, 曾庆1 , 吴波2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 401331
  • 2.重庆市结核病防治所
  • 钱金山(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:多元统计方法及其流行病学现场应用

通讯作者:

曾庆,E-mail:
吴波,E-mail:
Analysis of status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis in fection among high school students, Chongqing, 2023
Jin-shan QIAN1, Ya YU2, Cheng-guo WU2, Ya-ling SHI2, Ying LIU2, Jin YIN2, Qian SU2, Xue-yong HUANG2, Mei WANG2, Qing ZENG1 , Bo WU2
Affiliations
  • College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405122
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目的

探索重庆市高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素,为重庆市学校结核病防控提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取2023年重庆市高一、高二年级学生为研究对象,用重组结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白皮肤试验检测结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况,收集结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的相关信息,采用logistic回归模型分析影响因素。

结果

共纳入重庆市高一、高二年级学生9 161人,检出结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染543人,结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率为5.93%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往结核病史(OR:4.244,95%CI:2.239~8.044)、结核病密切接触史(OR:2.096,95%CI:1.123~3.914)、吸烟(OR:6.819,95%CI:3.562~13.053)、熬夜(OR:1.665,95%CI:1.154~2.402)是学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的危险因素。

结论

重庆市高一、高二年级学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率较低。做好个人防护措施,加强身体锻炼,提高自身免疫力,可降低学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险。

结核病  /  学生  /  结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染  /  影响因素  /  皮肤试验
Objective

To explore the status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection among high school students in Chongqing, and to provide technical support for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in Chongqing.

Methods

Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the students of the first and second years of high school in Chongqing in 2023, as the study subjects to detect latent tuberculosis infection with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test, to collect the information related to latent tuberculosis infection, and to analyse the influencing factors using Logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 9161 students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing were included, and 543 latent tuberculosis infections were detected, with a latent tuberculosis infection rate of 5.93%. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that history of previous tuberculosis (OR:4.244, 95%CI:2.239-8.044), history of close contact with tuberculosis (OR:2.096, 95%CI:1.123-3.914), smoking (OR:6.819, 95%CI:3.562-13.053), and staying up late (OR:1.665, 95%CI:1.154-2.402) were risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in students.

Conclusion

The rate of latent tuberculosis infection among students in the first and second years of high school in Chongqing is low. Not smoking, not staying up late, avoiding close contact with tuberculosis patients, taking good personal protective measures, strengthening physical exercise, and improving immunity can reduce the risk of students being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis  /  Students  /  Latent tuberculosis infection  /  Influencing factors  /  Skin test
钱金山, 余雅, 吴成果, 石亚玲, 刘英, 尹进, 苏倩, 黄学勇, 王梅, 曾庆, 吴波. 2023年重庆市高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2960 -2965 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405122
Jin-shan QIAN, Ya YU, Cheng-guo WU, Ya-ling SHI, Ying LIU, Jin YIN, Qian SU, Xue-yong HUANG, Mei WANG, Qing ZENG, Bo WU. Analysis of status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis in fection among high school students, Chongqing, 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2960 -2965 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405122
结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的一种慢性传染病,对人体健康造成严重影响。据WHO估算,2022年全球新发结核病1 060万例,发病率为133/10万,死亡130万例,在30个结核病高负担国家中,我国结核病发病数排在第三位,新发结核病74.8万例,发病率为52/10万[1]。结核病管理信息系统数据显示,2022年重庆市肺结核报告发病率为51.7/10万,学生肺结核报告发病率为15.2/10万,约为全国学生肺结核报告发病率的1.5倍。
据估计全世界约有1/4的人口感染了结核分枝杆菌[2],我国约有3.6亿人处于结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)状态[3]。LTBI者一生中有5%~10%的机会发展为活动性结核病[4]。由于学习压力较大、免疫系统发育不完善、卡介苗保护效力有限等因素,学生感染结核分枝杆菌后容易发展为活动性结核病[5]。一项Meta分析显示,年龄、卡介苗接种史、结核病密切接种史、BMI是大学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的影响因素[6],但国内外对高中学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染的影响因素研究较少。本研究采用C-TST方法检测2023年重庆市高一、高二年级学生LTBI现状,探索学生LTBI的影响因素,为重庆市学校结核病防控提供科学依据。
参照公式,根据前期采用C-TST检测重庆市高一、高二年级学生的调查[7]π取5.5%,容许误差δ取1%,α取0.05时μα/2=1.96,计算得出本研究至少需要样本量1 997人,根据实际情况适当扩大样本量。
用分层整群抽样方法,基于2022年重庆市全人群肺结核报告发病率,将重庆市38个区县分为高于全市报告发病率地区和低于全市报告发病率地区两层,各层随机抽取3个区(县),每个区(县)随机抽取1所高中学校,共抽取6所学校。其中,高一年级93个班,共4 881人,高二年级84个班,共4 696人。2023年8—10月对其进行结核病筛查。以班级为单位,整群抽取部分班级作为问卷调查对象,收回问卷3 412份。本研究获得重庆市结核病防治所伦理委员会的批准(202202)。
结核病筛查包括结核病可疑症状的问诊、TST检测和胸部X光片检查,筛查出现异常的学生,将其转诊到当地结核病定点医疗机构开展进一步检查[8]。本研究由重庆市结核病防治所医护人员在学校现场开展C-TST,48小时后用直尺准确测量并记录皮试尺寸。C-TST判定标准:C-TST结果参考红晕或硬结平均直径大小,红晕或硬结平均直径<5 mm判定为阴性,红晕或硬结平均直径≥5 mm为阳性,局部有双圈、水泡、坏死、淋巴管炎均属于强阳性[9]。C-TST结果阳性及强阳性的学生,现场开展胸部X光片检查,胸片诊断依据相关国家标准[10]
查阅相关文献设计调查问卷[11],通过问卷星线上收集与学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染有关的相关信息。包括:(1)个人基本信息:姓名、性别、年级、身高、体重、是否接种卡介苗等;(2)结核病密切接触史;(3)生活方式:吸烟、饮酒、熬夜及户外活动;(4)家庭情况:家庭年收入、父母亲文化程度。
吸烟指共计吸烟超过100支且未戒烟超过半年。饮酒指在过去一年内,至少每周喝一次酒[12]。熬夜指23点后仍未进入睡眠状态[13]。计算身体质量指数(BMI)=体重(kg)/身高2(m2),参考《成人体重判定》将BMI分为BMI<18.5、18.5≤BMI<24、BMI≥24三类[14]
发生在肺组织、气管、支气管和胸膜的结核病变[15]
机体内感染了结核分枝杆菌,但没有发生临床结核病,没有临床细菌学或者影像学方面活动性结核的证据[16]。本研究定义C-TST结果阳性及强阳性且胸部X光片检查无异常为结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染[9]
用WPS Office 2019软件对数据进行整理,用SPSS 22软件进行统计学分析。计数资料用构成比和率(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验,logistic回归模型分析学生LTBI的影响因素,检验水准α取双侧0.05。
抽取重庆市6所学校高一、高二年级学生共9 577人,因近一个月接种疫苗、急性皮肤病、过敏体质等禁忌症及其他原因未接受C-TST 385人,请假及其他原因接受C-TST但未查看皮试结果26人,胸部X线检查确诊肺结核5人,最终纳入LTBI现状分析的学生共9 161人,筛查率为95.55%。见图1
收回问卷3 412份,剔除筛查结果缺失、填写明显错误的问卷,得到有效问卷3 333份,问卷有效率为97.68%。
9 161名高一、高二年级学生中,C-TST结果阳性及强阳性543人,LTBI率为5.93%,其中男性4 933人,LTBI率为5.96%,女性4 228人,LTBI率为5.89%,差异无统计学意义。高一学生4 675人,LTBI率为5.63%,高二学生4 486人,LTBI率为6.24%,差异无统计学意义。见表1
既往有结核病史、结核病密切接触史、吸烟、饮酒、每周熬夜1~2次、每周熬夜3~4次以及每周熬夜超过4次与学生LTBI有关。见表2
以是否检测为LTBI者为因变量,以单因素分析结果中有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量为自变量,纳入多因素logistic回归模型进行分析。赋值情况见表3。结果显示:既往有结核病史、结核病密切接触史、吸烟、熬夜是学生LTBI的危险因素。见表4
《中国结核病预防控制工作技术规范(2020年版)》指出,加强管理LTBI是预防结核病的重要措施,对学生群体进行结核病筛查可控制结核病在校园内传播[17]。目前,结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染常用检测方法包括结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)、C-TST、γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)等[18]。C-TST作为新型皮肤试验用于检测机体是否感染结核分枝杆菌,2020年已通过国家药品监督管理局审批上市,操作简单、灵敏度和特异度较高,不受卡介苗和多数非结核分枝杆菌感染的影响,目前逐步开始用于学生LTBI筛查[19]
调查发现,2023年重庆市高一、高二年级学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率为5.93%,低于2019年宁波市高中新生LTBI率(8.24%)[20]和2018-2021年广州市高中新生LTBI率(9.72%)[21],高于2021年山西省高中新生LTBI率(0.79%)[22]和2022-2023年深圳市高中新生LTBI率(2.68%)[23],处于较低感染水平,说明重庆市学校结核病防控工作开展较好。
多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,既往有结核病史的学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险是无结核病史学生的4.2倍,与王文瑾的研究结果相一致[24]。《中国社区肺结核主动筛查循证指南》也指出既往结核病史患者再感染结核分枝杆菌的风险是正常人的4倍[25]。有结核病密切接触史的学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险是无密切接触史学生的2.1倍,与Yuan的Meta分析结果一致[6]。肺结核通常以飞沫形式在人群中传播,有结核病密切接触史的学生暴露程度更大,感染结核分枝杆菌的风险更高。吸烟的学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险是不吸烟学生的6.8倍,与腾子豪的研究结果一致[26]。吸烟会损伤肺支气管粘膜和肺泡壁,降低对结核分枝杆菌的防御能力,吸烟者感染结核分枝杆菌后,肺泡巨噬细胞的糖酵解反应受到抑制,从而增加了感染结核分枝杆菌的风险[27]。有熬夜习惯的学生感染结核分枝杆菌的风险是不熬夜学生的1.7倍,熬夜次数越多,感染风险越高。有研究表明熬夜会增加学生患结核病的风险,熬夜会导致免疫系统功能下降,使机体更容易感染结核分枝杆菌[28]。有研究发现饮酒是学生LTBI的危险因素[22],但本研究没有发现与LTBI感染的关系,可能是本研究中学生饮酒的人数较少,后续研究可增加样本量进一步验证。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,问卷调查是从筛查学生中抽取的部分学生,C-TST结果阳性的学生填写问卷的意愿较高,可能存在一定偏倚。其次,研究对象为重庆市高一、高二年级学生,无法推广到所有学生,其它学生人群数据尚有待研究。
综上所述,重庆市高一、高二年级学生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率处于较低水平。学校是结核病防控的重点场所,学生是结核病防控的重点人群,学校应加强结核病防控知识的宣传教育,定期开展结核病防控知识培训,教导学生不吸烟,不熬夜,避免与结核病患者近距离接触,做好个人防护措施,加强身体锻炼,提高自身免疫力,可降低感染结核分枝杆菌的风险。
  • 重庆市科卫联合医学科研重点项目(2023ZDXM 027)
  • 重庆市科卫联合医学科研面上项目(2023MSXM143)
  • 重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设经费资助
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405122
  • 接收时间:2024-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09
基金
重庆市科卫联合医学科研重点项目(2023ZDXM 027)
重庆市科卫联合医学科研面上项目(2023MSXM143)
重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设经费资助
作者信息
    1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 401331
    2.重庆市结核病防治所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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