Article(id=1241102825585963392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310259, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697558400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831572195, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831572195, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831572195, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831572195, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2892, endPage=2897, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102826001199505, articleId=1241102825585963392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 606 rural elderly persons in Sichuan from July to August, 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of depression.

Results

The average score of depression in the rural elderly was (3.79± 3.21) points, 85 people had depressive symptoms, and the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 14.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that not seeking medical treatment due to economic difficulties in the past year (OR=10.140, 95%CI: 3.347-30.716), hospitalization in the past year (OR=5.229, 95%CI: 2.789-9.801), self-rated health fair or below( poor self-rated health: OR=20.301, 95%CI: 7.666-53.761; fair self-rated health: OR=5.912, 95%CI: 2.729-12.807) and childless (OR=8.495, 95%CI: 1.747-41.313) were risk factors for depressive symptoms in the rural elderly (P<0.05). Living with a spouse (OR=0.321, 95%CI: 0.116-0.888) and high social support (OR=0.505, 95%CI: 0.260-0.982) were protective factors for depressive symptoms in rural elderly (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The depression situation of the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province is worrying, which needs to be paid special attention and early intervention, especially for the rural elderly with economic difficulties, poor health status, no children or living alone.

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目的

了解四川省农村地区老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,于2022年7月—8月对606名四川农村老年人进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多因素二分类logistic回归分析老年人抑郁的影响因素。

结果

农村老年人的抑郁平均得分为(3.79 ± 3.21)分,有抑郁症状85人,抑郁症状患病率为14.0%。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,近一年因经济困难而未就医(OR=10.140,95%CI: 3.347~30.716)、近一年住院情况(OR=5.229,95%CI: 2.789~9.801)、自评健康一般及以下(自评健康较差:OR=20.301,95%CI: 7.666~53.761;自评健康一般:OR=5.912,95%CI: 2.729~12.807)、无子女(OR=8.495,95%CI: 1.747~41.313)是农村老年人抑郁症状的危险因素(均P<0.05);和老伴一起生活(OR=0.321,95%CI: 0.116~0.888)、高社会支持(OR=0.505,95%CI: 0.260~0.982)是农村老年人抑郁症状的保护因素(均P<0.05)。

结论

四川省农村地区老年人的抑郁状况令人担忧,需高度重视和尽早干预,尤其是对经济困难、健康状况差、无子女或独居的农村老年人,应重点关注。

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高晓凤,E-mail:
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刘敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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BMJ Open, 2019, 9(7): e026667., articleTitle=Social support and depression among community dwelling older adults in Asia: a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102841545289825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=412, pageEnd=415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=张璐瑶, 周云, journalName=中国社会医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张璐瑶,周云.城市居家老年人抑郁情绪与社会支持关系研究[J].中国社会医学杂志202239(4):412-415., articleTitle=城市居家老年人抑郁情绪与社会支持关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102841624981605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=412, pageEnd=415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Zhang LY, Zhou Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang LY, Zhou Y. Study on the relationship between depression and social support in urban home-based cared elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, 2022, 39(4): 412-415., articleTitle=Study on the relationship between depression and social support in urban home-based cared elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102834880541591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, awardId=S202110634072, language=CN, fundingSource=2021年度国家级大学生创新创业项目(S202110634072), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102830132589190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102830140977798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, companyId=1241102830132589190, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of public health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102830157755017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, companyId=1241102830132589190, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102830291972757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102830300361366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, companyId=1241102830291972757, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.川北医学院医学影像学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102834171704174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms of 606 elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数
[n(%)]
抑郁症状人数抑郁症状患病率(%)χ2P
地区29.973<0.001
成都202(33.3)167.9
自贡200(33.0)5025.0
资阳204(33.6)199.3
性别0.1130.814
274(45.2)3713.5
332(54.8)4814.5
年龄(岁)18.336<0.001
60~69267(44.1)217.9
70~79235(38.8)3916.6
≥80104(17.2)2524.0
民族0.5440.461
汉族597(98.5)8514.2
少数民族9(1.5)00.0
文化程度15.406<0.001
文盲或半文盲214(35.3)4621.5
小学222(36.6)219.5
初中及以上170(28.1)1810.6
婚姻状况45.977<0.001
非已婚176(29.0)5129.0
已婚430(71.0)347.9
子女数(个)25.339<0.001
015(2.5)1066.7
1116(19.1)1815.5
2225(37.1)2310.2
≥3250(41.3)3413.6
居住类型44.234<0.001
独居69(11.4)2231.9
与老伴一起347(57.3)226.3
与子女一起190(31.4)4121.6
子女是否孝顺43.204<0.001
都孝顺527(87.0)5510.4
其他79(13.0)3038.0
身体残疾14.5990.001
556(91.7)6912.4
50(8.3)1632.0
自评健康128.137<0.001
较好356(58.7)123.4
一般204(33.7)4522.1
较差46(7.6)2860.9
慢性病数量(种)19.974<0.001
0174(28.7)95.2
1183(30.2)2513.7
2149(24.6)3020.1
3~7100(16.5)2121.0
日常生活自理程度94.095<0.001
完全自理163(26.9)42.5
基本自理342(56.4)3710.8
部分自理101(16.7)4443.6
医疗保险类型5.1730.060
未参加12(2.0)433.3
新农合490(80.9)7114.5
城镇居民/职工医保104(17.2)109.6
社会支持55.738<0.001
低社会支持211(34.8)6028.4
高社会支持395(65.2)256.3
劳动强度3.2460.197
较大39(6.4)615.4
一般339(55.9)4011.8
较小228(37.6)3917.1
近一年因经济困难而未就医33.871<0.001
30(5.0)1550.0
576(95.0)7012.2
近一年住院情况64.082<0.001
167(27.6)3118.6
439(72.4)5412.3
个人年收入(元)19.012<0.001
<12 000135(22.3)2921.5
12 000~36 000284(46.9)4515.8
>36 000187(30.9)105.3
年医疗支出(元)3.8320.147
<1 000218(36.0)2812.8
1 000~4 000237(39.1)4117.3
>4 000151(24.9)1610.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834268173172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川省农村地区606名老年人的基本情况及抑郁症状患病率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数
[n(%)]
抑郁症状人数抑郁症状患病率(%)χ2P
地区29.973<0.001
成都202(33.3)167.9
自贡200(33.0)5025.0
资阳204(33.6)199.3
性别0.1130.814
274(45.2)3713.5
332(54.8)4814.5
年龄(岁)18.336<0.001
60~69267(44.1)217.9
70~79235(38.8)3916.6
≥80104(17.2)2524.0
民族0.5440.461
汉族597(98.5)8514.2
少数民族9(1.5)00.0
文化程度15.406<0.001
文盲或半文盲214(35.3)4621.5
小学222(36.6)219.5
初中及以上170(28.1)1810.6
婚姻状况45.977<0.001
非已婚176(29.0)5129.0
已婚430(71.0)347.9
子女数(个)25.339<0.001
015(2.5)1066.7
1116(19.1)1815.5
2225(37.1)2310.2
≥3250(41.3)3413.6
居住类型44.234<0.001
独居69(11.4)2231.9
与老伴一起347(57.3)226.3
与子女一起190(31.4)4121.6
子女是否孝顺43.204<0.001
都孝顺527(87.0)5510.4
其他79(13.0)3038.0
身体残疾14.5990.001
556(91.7)6912.4
50(8.3)1632.0
自评健康128.137<0.001
较好356(58.7)123.4
一般204(33.7)4522.1
较差46(7.6)2860.9
慢性病数量(种)19.974<0.001
0174(28.7)95.2
1183(30.2)2513.7
2149(24.6)3020.1
3~7100(16.5)2121.0
日常生活自理程度94.095<0.001
完全自理163(26.9)42.5
基本自理342(56.4)3710.8
部分自理101(16.7)4443.6
医疗保险类型5.1730.060
未参加12(2.0)433.3
新农合490(80.9)7114.5
城镇居民/职工医保104(17.2)109.6
社会支持55.738<0.001
低社会支持211(34.8)6028.4
高社会支持395(65.2)256.3
劳动强度3.2460.197
较大39(6.4)615.4
一般339(55.9)4011.8
较小228(37.6)3917.1
近一年因经济困难而未就医33.871<0.001
30(5.0)1550.0
576(95.0)7012.2
近一年住院情况64.082<0.001
167(27.6)3118.6
439(72.4)5412.3
个人年收入(元)19.012<0.001
<12 000135(22.3)2921.5
12 000~36 000284(46.9)4515.8
>36 000187(30.9)105.3
年医疗支出(元)3.8320.147
<1 000218(36.0)2812.8
1 000~4 000237(39.1)4117.3
>4 000151(24.9)1610.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834398196602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of logistic regression analysis of factors influencing depressive symptoms amony rural elderly in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI)
子女数(人,参照:≥3)
02.1390.8077.0280.0088.495(1.747~41.313)
10.4210.4101.0520.3051.523(0.682~3.402)
2-0.2250.3610.3900.5320.798(0.394~1.618)
居住类型(参照:独居)
与老伴一起-1.1370.5204.7890.0290.321(0.116~0.888)
与子女一起-0.2950.4880.3640.5460.745(0.286~1.939)
自评健康(参照:较好)
较差3.0110.49736.713<0.00120.301(7.666~53.761)
一般1.7770.39420.297<0.0015.912(2.729~12.807)
近一年因经济困难而未就医(参照:否)
2.3160.56516.780<0.00110.140(3.347~30.716)
近一年住院情况(参照:否)
1.6540.32126.624<0.0015.229(2.789~9.801)
社会支持(参照:低社会支持)
高社会支持-0.6820.3394.0560.0440.505(0.260~0.982)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834482082689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四川省农村地区老年人抑郁症状影响因素的logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI)
子女数(人,参照:≥3)
02.1390.8077.0280.0088.495(1.747~41.313)
10.4210.4101.0520.3051.523(0.682~3.402)
2-0.2250.3610.3900.5320.798(0.394~1.618)
居住类型(参照:独居)
与老伴一起-1.1370.5204.7890.0290.321(0.116~0.888)
与子女一起-0.2950.4880.3640.5460.745(0.286~1.939)
自评健康(参照:较好)
较差3.0110.49736.713<0.00120.301(7.666~53.761)
一般1.7770.39420.297<0.0015.912(2.729~12.807)
近一年因经济困难而未就医(参照:否)
2.3160.56516.780<0.00110.140(3.347~30.716)
近一年住院情况(参照:否)
1.6540.32126.624<0.0015.229(2.789~9.801)
社会支持(参照:低社会支持)
高社会支持-0.6820.3394.0560.0440.505(0.260~0.982)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834612106118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the interaction of different influencing factors on depressive symptoms in the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI)
子女总数×社会支持-0.4960.07938.997<0.0010.609(0.521~0.712)
个人年收入×近一年因经济困难而未就医1.1680.26619.232<0.0013.215(1.908~5.419)
子女总数&社会支持(人,参照:0&社会支持)
1&社会支持-1.8950.53712.466<0.0010.150(0.052~0.430)
2&社会支持-2.1870.41527.735<0.0010.112(0.050~0.253)
≥3&社会支持-1.4220.31919.898<0.0010.241(0.129~0.451)
个人年收入&近一年因经济困难而未就医(元,参照:≥12 000&近一年因经济困难而未就医)
<12 000&近一年因经济困难而未就医2.1460.49019.165<0.0018.550(3.271~22.347)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102834716963723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825585963392, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川省农村地区老年人不同影响因素对抑郁症状的交互作用分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI)
子女总数×社会支持-0.4960.07938.997<0.0010.609(0.521~0.712)
个人年收入×近一年因经济困难而未就医1.1680.26619.232<0.0013.215(1.908~5.419)
子女总数&社会支持(人,参照:0&社会支持)
1&社会支持-1.8950.53712.466<0.0010.150(0.052~0.430)
2&社会支持-2.1870.41527.735<0.0010.112(0.050~0.253)
≥3&社会支持-1.4220.31919.898<0.0010.241(0.129~0.451)
个人年收入&近一年因经济困难而未就医(元,参照:≥12 000&近一年因经济困难而未就医)
<12 000&近一年因经济困难而未就医2.1460.49019.165<0.0018.550(3.271~22.347)
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四川省农村地区老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素研究
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刘敏 1 , 王新媛 1 , 段云 2 , 高晓凤 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(16): 2892-2897
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(16): 2892-2897
四川省农村地区老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素研究
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刘敏1, 王新媛1, 段云2, 高晓凤1
作者信息
  • 1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007
  • 2.川北医学院医学影像学院
  • 刘敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

高晓凤,E-mail:
Study on the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province
Min LIU1, Xin-yuan WANG1, Yun DUAN2, Xiao-feng GAO1
Affiliations
  • School of public health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310259
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目的

了解四川省农村地区老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,于2022年7月—8月对606名四川农村老年人进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多因素二分类logistic回归分析老年人抑郁的影响因素。

结果

农村老年人的抑郁平均得分为(3.79 ± 3.21)分,有抑郁症状85人,抑郁症状患病率为14.0%。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,近一年因经济困难而未就医(OR=10.140,95%CI: 3.347~30.716)、近一年住院情况(OR=5.229,95%CI: 2.789~9.801)、自评健康一般及以下(自评健康较差:OR=20.301,95%CI: 7.666~53.761;自评健康一般:OR=5.912,95%CI: 2.729~12.807)、无子女(OR=8.495,95%CI: 1.747~41.313)是农村老年人抑郁症状的危险因素(均P<0.05);和老伴一起生活(OR=0.321,95%CI: 0.116~0.888)、高社会支持(OR=0.505,95%CI: 0.260~0.982)是农村老年人抑郁症状的保护因素(均P<0.05)。

结论

四川省农村地区老年人的抑郁状况令人担忧,需高度重视和尽早干预,尤其是对经济困难、健康状况差、无子女或独居的农村老年人,应重点关注。

农村地区  /  老年人  /  抑郁  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 606 rural elderly persons in Sichuan from July to August, 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of depression.

Results

The average score of depression in the rural elderly was (3.79± 3.21) points, 85 people had depressive symptoms, and the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 14.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that not seeking medical treatment due to economic difficulties in the past year (OR=10.140, 95%CI: 3.347-30.716), hospitalization in the past year (OR=5.229, 95%CI: 2.789-9.801), self-rated health fair or below( poor self-rated health: OR=20.301, 95%CI: 7.666-53.761; fair self-rated health: OR=5.912, 95%CI: 2.729-12.807) and childless (OR=8.495, 95%CI: 1.747-41.313) were risk factors for depressive symptoms in the rural elderly (P<0.05). Living with a spouse (OR=0.321, 95%CI: 0.116-0.888) and high social support (OR=0.505, 95%CI: 0.260-0.982) were protective factors for depressive symptoms in rural elderly (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The depression situation of the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province is worrying, which needs to be paid special attention and early intervention, especially for the rural elderly with economic difficulties, poor health status, no children or living alone.

Rural area  /  The elderly  /  Depression  /  Influencing factor
刘敏, 王新媛, 段云, 高晓凤. 四川省农村地区老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2892 -2897 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310259
Min LIU, Xin-yuan WANG, Yun DUAN, Xiao-feng GAO. Study on the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2892 -2897 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310259
当前我国人口老龄化加剧,老年人健康问题越发严峻。抑郁是老年人常见的健康问题,有研究表明农村老年人抑郁患病率明显高于城市[1]。农村老年人的健康对家庭、社会以及健康乡村的可持续发展至关重要。相比城镇老年人,农村老年人的文化水平较低、收入水平不高、养老保障不足,且农村医疗资源相对于城市仍然匮乏[2],更需社会关注。了解农村老年人抑郁现况及影响因素,为政府有针对性地采取措施防治农村老年人抑郁提供参考依据。四川是我国人口老龄化较严重省份,农村老龄化水平明显高于城镇[3],故本课题组以四川农村老年人作为调查对象,于2022年7月—8月对该地农村老年人的抑郁现况进行了问卷调查,现报告如下。
以四川省农村老年人作为调查对象,纳入标准为:①年龄≥60岁;②在当地农村居住半年以上;③能基本正常沟通。根据样本含量估算公式:π为老年人抑郁症状患病率,根据文献[4]估计值为25.55%,δ为容许误差,要求少于3.5%,α=0.05,计算出样本含量n≈597。考虑到信息收集时可能会出现拒访、不合格问卷等情况,将样本含量增加为620。
调查对象来源于四川省6个行政村。综合考虑经济社会发展状况[5],将四川省所有地级市分为高、中、低三个层次,从每个层次中各抽取一个地级市(成都市、自贡市、资阳市),每个市再抽取2个行政村,最后从每个行政村至少抽取100人。本研究通过川北医学院伦理委员会审批(批准号2023007),所有被调查者均知情同意。
包括农村老年人的一般情况、社会支持情况及抑郁情况。一般情况包括老年人的性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况等。社会支持情况采用肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS)[6]进行测量,该量表有较好的信效度,适于我国人群,且在本调查人群的信度为0.73。该量表共10个条目,总分为各个条目的得分之和,最高分为66分,总分越高,表明受试者社会支持水平越高。抑郁情况采用简版老年抑郁量表(15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15)[7]进行测量,量表在本调查人群的信度为0.83。该量表共15个条目,总分为各条目得分之和,满分15分,总分越高,表示抑郁症状越明显,总分≥8分表明患有抑郁症状。
调查员由经过培训的预防医学本科生担任。首先向老年人说明调查目的及填写方法,老年人了解后自愿参加,而后现场发放问卷,由老年人无记名填写,问卷完成后当场回收。如老年人因文化程度低对问卷内容阅读困难,则由调查员询问老年人后,代其填写问卷。
采用Epidata 3.1录入数据,数据分析由SPSS 20.0软件完成。对老年人年龄、社会支持、抑郁得分采用进行描述,对其年医疗支出、个人年收入采用MP25P75)进行描述;对分类变量采用百分比(%)进行描述,将抑郁得分≥8分判定为有抑郁症状,计算抑郁症状患病率。以社会支持满分的50%为界对社会支持进行了等级划分,将小于或等于33分者作为低社会支持组,高于33分者作为高社会支持组。采用χ2检验初步分析农村老年人抑郁症状的影响因素,在此基础上,将有统计学意义的因素纳入,再进一步采用多因素二分类logistic回归分析。检验水准α=0.05。
共发放问卷611份,回收有效问卷共606份。606人中,男性274人(45.2%),女性332人(54.8%);年龄60~104岁,平均为(71.76±7.57)岁,其中男性平均(71.29±7.07)岁,女性平均(72.14±7.94)岁;社会支持得分为(33.42±6.70)分;个人年收入中位数25 000(13 000,40 000)元,主要经济来源居前三位的是:靠自己(或老伴)养老金或储蓄494人(81.5%)、子女赡养339人(55.9%)、政府补助123人(20.3%);年医疗支出中位数1 500(500,4 125)元;患有慢性病432人(71.3%),慢性病患病人数排名前三的分别为:高血压/低血压238人(39.3%)、糖尿病165人(27.2%)、关节炎或风湿病151人(24.90%);子女数0~8人;日常生活中感受最大的困难依次为:疾病困扰297人(49.00%)、孤独和缺乏亲情233人(38.4%)、其他123人(20.3%)、经济困难44人(7.2%)。见表1
606名老年人抑郁平均得分(3.79±3.21)分,其中男性老年人抑郁平均得分(3.55±3.17)分,女性老年人抑郁平均得分(3.99±3.23)分;抑郁得分≥8分的老年人85名,抑郁症状患病率为14.03%,其中男性老年人37人,患病率为13.50%,女性老年人48人,患病率为14.46%。
结果显示,不同地区、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数、居住类型、子女孝顺否、身体残疾、自评健康、慢性病数量、日常生活自理程度、社会支持、近一年因经济困难而未就医、近一年住院情况、个人年收入的老年人抑郁症状患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。经进一步两两比较,发现自贡地区(经济水平中等)老年人的抑郁症状患病率高于资阳(经济水平低)和成都(经济水平高)地区的老年人。经趋势χ2检验发现,老年人的年龄越大(P<0.001)、患有慢性病种数越多(P<0.001),抑郁症状患病率越高;文化程度越高(P=0.001)、子女数越多(P=0.008)、自评健康状况越好(P<0.001)、生活自理程度越高(P<0.001)、个人年收入越多(P<0.001),抑郁症状患病率越低。
以农村老年人有无抑郁症状为因变量,将前述单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素纳入,再进行多因素二分类logistic回归分析。结果显示,近一年因经济困难而未就医、近一年住院、自评健康等级为“较差”及“一般”、无子女是抑郁症状的危险因素(P<0.05)。和老伴一起生活、社会支持水平高是抑郁症状的保护因素(P<0.05)。交互作用分析显示,子女总数与社会支持、个人年收入与近一年经济困难而未就医存在显著交互作用(P<0.001)。见表2
交互作用分析显示,子女总数与社会支持、个人年收入与近一年经济困难而未就医存在显著交互作用(P<0.001)。见表3
本研究结果显示,四川省农村老年人抑郁症状患病率为14.03%,高于云南省宁洱县农村老年人的的抑郁率(12.0%)[8];亦高于戴冰报道的四川省城市老年人的抑郁症状患病率(10.1%)[9],有文献亦报道老年人抑郁存在城乡差异[10]。造成农村老年人抑郁症状患病率高于的城市老年人的原因,是因为农村老年人的社会结构性资源的匮乏[11],生活在城市的老年人有更好的经济条件、生活水平及医疗资源等,居住在乡村的老年人无论是家庭内部因素还是外部支持因素,都较居住在城市中的老年人有所劣势。
本研究发现,近一年因经济困难而未就医是四川农村老年人抑郁症状的危险因素,这与王珺婷[12]对大连市贫困家庭老人抑郁的研究结果类似。本研究中,近一年因经济困难而未就医对四川农村老年人抑郁的影响显著,经济差和患病的双重叠加会使农村老年人的抑郁风险增加8.550倍。对于经济状况差的农村老年人而言,患病无疑是雪上加霜。由于经济收入差,农村老人的生活压力大,加之因经济困难而未就医会使得疾病所带来的疼痛无法缓解,疼痛会促使抑郁的发病率增高[13],从而使得抑郁的风险大大增加。而且,本研究还发现,近一年住院的农村老年人抑郁风险是未住院老人的5.229倍,从另一角度说明了疾病病情严重对老年人抑郁的负向作用,常想想等[14]在对安徽省老年人的抑郁研究中,亦得到类似的研究结果。
本研究发现,无子女是农村老年人抑郁危险因素,这与和红等[15]的研究结果类似。子女会为父母提供代际支持[16-17](代际支持为社会支持的一种),在本研究中发现,子女数与社会支持存在交互作用,有子女的老年人获得更多的社会支持,出现抑郁症状的风险随之降低。此外,本研究中,与老伴共同居住的农村老年人出现抑郁症状的概率相较于独居老人降低32.1%,这与李方[18]报道的独居老人的抑郁倾向高于非独居老年人的研究结果类似,因此,应重点关注无子女或独居的农村老年群体,对他们多一些社区帮扶。对于自评健康,本研究表明,自评健康等级为“较差”和“一般”的农村老年人的抑郁风险较高,这与任蒋磊等[19]对老年人抑郁的研究结果一致。自评健康是健康状况评价和未来健康状况预测的重要指标,能够在很大程度上反映出老年人对当下的客观健康状况,若老年人自我感知到的健康状况较好,则越容易更保持愉悦积极的心理状态,从而减少抑郁症状的产生;而且,相对于消极悲观的老年人,积极乐观的老年人则更倾向于做出基于自己实际健康状况的更高的评价,从而对自己的健康充满信心,减少了患抑郁的风险[20]
本研究还发现,社会支持水平高也是农村老年人抑郁症状的保护因素,这与以往的研究结果一致[21-22]。高水平的社会支持与积极的心理健康相联系,良好的社会支持有益于个人身心健康,是防止老年人抑郁情绪的有效途径。不过,目前四川省农村地区老年人的社会支持整体水平较低(本研究中社会支持百分制平均得分仅为(55.18±10.15)分),急需提升。应充分发挥社会支持主体作用,拓宽农村老年人的社会支持来源渠道,加大对经济困难、健康状况差、无子女或独居的农村老年人的帮扶力度,从而提升其社会支持水平,为保障其身心健康创造有利条件。
综上,四川省农村地区老年人抑郁形势较严峻,需采尽早干预和防控。当地政府应制定有针对性的抑郁预控策略和措施;同时重点关注无子女或独居的老年人。最后,作为子女或家庭成员,日常生活中要对老年人多关心和照顾,多与他们沟通交流、多陪伴,鼓励他们积极外出参加社交活动。
  • 2021年度国家级大学生创新创业项目(S202110634072)
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310259
  • 接收时间:2023-10-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-18
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2021年度国家级大学生创新创业项目(S202110634072)
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    1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007
    2.川北医学院医学影像学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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