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Application-oriented medical and health students are an important supplement to academic students, and they are also the most important new force and main force in building a healthy China. Therefore, it is of great significance to build an applied medical and health training system based on the goal of improving post competence. The purpose of this study is to introduce the construction and effect of the training system of application-oriented medical and health students from the overall school-running practice to provide reference for other schools’ school-running practice. After lots of years of exploration and practice, Mudanjiang Medical University has established an effective training system for application-oriented medical and health students by some measures have been implemented, such as “top-level design was performed well, specialty construction was strengthened, education and teaching reform was conducted, and teaching conditions were improved”. Lots of good results have been achieved in “discipline construction, specialty construction, textbook construction, curriculum construction, teachers’ teaching level, and teaching reform achievements” via the effective use of the system. Students in the school have won many provincial and national competition awards, and the employment satisfaction of graduates was 93.55%-96.75%. The overall satisfaction of primary medical and health employers to graduates was over 97%. The training system of applied medical and health talents constructed by Mudanjiang Medical University provides a good reference for local medical colleges to construct the training system of application-oriented medical and health students in the new period.

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应用型医药卫生人才是学术型人才的重要补充,更是健康中国建设服务基层最重要的生力军和主力军。因此,以提升岗位胜任能力为目标构建应用型医药卫生人才培养体系具有重要意义。本研究旨在从学校整体办学实践层面介绍应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建及取得的效果,以为其他学校办学实践提供借鉴。牡丹江医学院经过多年办学探索与实践,通过“做好顶层设计、强化专业建设、深化教育教学改革、完善教学条件保障”构建了行之有效的应用型医药卫生人才培养体系;体系的有效运用使得学校在“学科建设、专业建设、教材建设、课程建设、教师教学水平、教学改革成果”等方面取得良好效果,在校生获得省级、国家级竞赛奖励多项,毕业生就业满意度为93.55%~96.75%,基层医疗卫生用人单位对毕业生的整体满意度97%以上。学校构建的应用型医药卫生人才培养体系为新时期地方医学院校如何构建应用型医药卫生人才培养体系、培养党和国家需要的应用型医药卫生人才提供了良好的借鉴。

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马宏坤,E-mail:
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马宏坤(1966—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

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Journal of Mudanjiang Medical University, 2021, 42(4): 177-179., articleTitle=Practice and effectiveness of the teaching quality assurance system of Mudanjiang Medical College under the audit and evaluation mode, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102832636588798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, awardId=SJGZ20220153, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGZ20220153), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102832741446406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, awardId=SJGY20210912, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20210912), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102832846304014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, awardId=JY2015030, language=CN, fundingSource=牡丹江医学院教育教学改革项目(JY2015030), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102832955355925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=牡丹江医学院一流本科课程建设项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102827834110391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102827842499001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, companyId=1241102827834110391, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102827850887612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, companyId=1241102827834110391, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102827959939522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102827968328131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, companyId=1241102827959939522, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 牡丹江医学院教师发展中心与教学评估中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102828110934478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102828123517392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, companyId=1241102828110934478, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102830518465206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Awards of Heilongjiang province college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program received by undergraduates, figureFileSmall=Gn+35tM8Sicc5+hGh/RkMw==, figureFileBig=VFAry5yetXCG1w9C4suP8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102831969694398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本科生获得黑龙江省互联网+大学生创新创业大赛奖励情况, figureFileSmall=Gn+35tM8Sicc5+hGh/RkMw==, figureFileBig=VFAry5yetXCG1w9C4suP8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102832200381140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

National competition awards received by students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度国家级专业技能类竞赛国家级区域专业技能类竞赛
2018铜奖1项二等奖6项
三等奖2项
优秀奖2项
2019-二等奖3项
三等奖5项
2020-一等奖2项
二等奖2项
三等奖3项
优秀奖4项
团体优胜奖1项
2021-一等奖3项
二等奖5项
三等奖3项
个人单项奖1项
2022-一等奖3项
二等奖3项
三等奖2项
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832309433054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

学生获得国家级竞赛奖励情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度国家级专业技能类竞赛国家级区域专业技能类竞赛
2018铜奖1项二等奖6项
三等奖2项
优秀奖2项
2019-二等奖3项
三等奖5项
2020-一等奖2项
二等奖2项
三等奖3项
优秀奖4项
团体优胜奖1项
2021-一等奖3项
二等奖5项
三等奖3项
个人单项奖1项
2022-一等奖3项
二等奖3项
三等奖2项
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832431067881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Subject skill competition awards received by students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度国家级学科竞赛省级学科竞赛
2018一等奖1项-
二等奖1项
2019一等奖5项-
二等奖1项
三等奖2项
优秀奖8项
2021-二等奖1项
三等奖1项
2022-二等奖3项
三等奖2项
优秀奖1项
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832514953970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102825095229790, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

学生获得学科技能竞赛奖励情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度国家级学科竞赛省级学科竞赛
2018一等奖1项-
二等奖1项
2019一等奖5项-
二等奖1项
三等奖2项
优秀奖8项
2021-二等奖1项
三等奖1项
2022-二等奖3项
三等奖2项
优秀奖1项
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应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建及应用效果评价——以牡丹江医学院为例
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马宏坤 1 , 荣胜忠 1 , 任凤云 2 , 邹立娜 3
现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2024,51(16): 3068-3072
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现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2024, 51(16): 3068-3072
应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建及应用效果评价——以牡丹江医学院为例
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马宏坤1 , 荣胜忠1, 任凤云2, 邹立娜3
作者信息
  • 1.牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
  • 2. 牡丹江医学院教师发展中心与教学评估中心
  • 3. 牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院
  • 马宏坤(1966—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学教育研究

通讯作者:

马宏坤,E-mail:
Construction and effect assessment of training system for application-oriented medical and health students——Taking Mudanjiang Medical University as an example
Hong-kun MA1 , Sheng-zhong RONG1, Feng-yun REN2, Li-na ZOU3
Affiliations
  • Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404305
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应用型医药卫生人才是学术型人才的重要补充,更是健康中国建设服务基层最重要的生力军和主力军。因此,以提升岗位胜任能力为目标构建应用型医药卫生人才培养体系具有重要意义。本研究旨在从学校整体办学实践层面介绍应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建及取得的效果,以为其他学校办学实践提供借鉴。牡丹江医学院经过多年办学探索与实践,通过“做好顶层设计、强化专业建设、深化教育教学改革、完善教学条件保障”构建了行之有效的应用型医药卫生人才培养体系;体系的有效运用使得学校在“学科建设、专业建设、教材建设、课程建设、教师教学水平、教学改革成果”等方面取得良好效果,在校生获得省级、国家级竞赛奖励多项,毕业生就业满意度为93.55%~96.75%,基层医疗卫生用人单位对毕业生的整体满意度97%以上。学校构建的应用型医药卫生人才培养体系为新时期地方医学院校如何构建应用型医药卫生人才培养体系、培养党和国家需要的应用型医药卫生人才提供了良好的借鉴。

高等医学教育  /  应用型医药卫生人才  /  办学特色  /  教育教学

Application-oriented medical and health students are an important supplement to academic students, and they are also the most important new force and main force in building a healthy China. Therefore, it is of great significance to build an applied medical and health training system based on the goal of improving post competence. The purpose of this study is to introduce the construction and effect of the training system of application-oriented medical and health students from the overall school-running practice to provide reference for other schools’ school-running practice. After lots of years of exploration and practice, Mudanjiang Medical University has established an effective training system for application-oriented medical and health students by some measures have been implemented, such as “top-level design was performed well, specialty construction was strengthened, education and teaching reform was conducted, and teaching conditions were improved”. Lots of good results have been achieved in “discipline construction, specialty construction, textbook construction, curriculum construction, teachers’ teaching level, and teaching reform achievements” via the effective use of the system. Students in the school have won many provincial and national competition awards, and the employment satisfaction of graduates was 93.55%-96.75%. The overall satisfaction of primary medical and health employers to graduates was over 97%. The training system of applied medical and health talents constructed by Mudanjiang Medical University provides a good reference for local medical colleges to construct the training system of application-oriented medical and health students in the new period.

Higher medical education  /  Application-oriented medical and health students  /  Characteristics of running a school  /  Education and teaching
马宏坤, 荣胜忠, 任凤云, 邹立娜. 应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建及应用效果评价——以牡丹江医学院为例. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 3068 -3072 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404305
Hong-kun MA, Sheng-zhong RONG, Feng-yun REN, Li-na ZOU. Construction and effect assessment of training system for application-oriented medical and health students——Taking Mudanjiang Medical University as an example[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 3068 -3072 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404305
高等医学院校承担着为党育人、为国育才与落实立德树人根本任务的重要使命[1-2]。地方医药本科院校所培养的医药卫生人才是护佑基层及农村地区居民健康、织牢基层医疗卫生“网底”,缓解“看病难”重要民生问题的生力军[3]
医药卫生人才涵盖医疗、护理、药剂、检验、影像、康复、预防、卫生管理等多个方面[4-6],把应用型人才培养成具有良好的专业知识与技能,可以很好地把学术理论研究成果应用于工作实践,是学术型人才的重要补充,是我国人才构成体系的重要组成部分。但是,当前研究多针对某一个专业人才培养模式的构建及人才培养效果[7-8],从整体学校办学实践层面探讨人才培养体系构建的研究少见报道。因此,构建有效的应用型医药卫生人才培养体系并评价应用效果具有重要意义。
本文从“做好顶层设计、强化专业建设、深化教育教学改革、完善教学条件保障”以整体学校办学实践层面介绍了应用型医药卫生人才培养体系的构建,并从“学科建设、专业建设、教材建设、课程建设、教师教学水平、教学改革成果、人才培养成效”等方面评估了体系的应用效果,可以为新时期地方医学院校如何构建应用型医药卫生人才培养体系、培养党和国家需要的应用型医药卫生人才提供借鉴。
以提升特色应用型医药卫生人才培养质量为目标做好顶层设计,加强统筹规划,实现“教学目标、教学计划、教学内容、教学方法、教学主体、教学评价、教学环境”由疾病治疗向疾病预防的观念转变[9-10]。此举突破了传统“以疾病治疗、教师、学科为中心”的传统教育教学理念,真正做到“以学生为中心”。通过“教育思想大讨论、师资培训、教学竞赛、访学研修”等多种形式,逐步引导教师吸收、树立和更新适合应用型医药卫生人才培养的教育思想和教学观念。
在总体办学思路的指导下,优化学科专业布局,现已形成以医学为主体,理学、工学、管理学协调发展的良好专业布局。医学专业集群以临床医学专业为核心,由传统的3年基础、2年临床的3+2模式,转变为早临床、早实践的2+3模式。形成“前期预防、中期医疗、后期康复、全程健康服务与管理”的服务生命全周期健康的医学类专业集群。在形成医药专业集群的基础上,学校以培养特色应用型医药卫生人才为目标大力加强专业特色建设,临床医学专业形成“重医德、强技能、为基层”的专业特色,医学影像学专业形成“医工结合”的特色,麻醉学专业形成“多方向、强能力、适应实用”的专业特色,预防医学专业形成“防治结合”的专业特色,护理学专业形成“厚基础、重人文、强技能”的专业特色,药学类专业形成“产学结合”的专业特色,市场营销专业形成“医药与营销相结合”的专业特色。
以用人单位需求为导向,构建以“岗位胜任能力”为目标的“三位一体”应用型医药卫生人才培养模式。设置通识、专业和拓展三大教育模块,增加实践课的学时比重,构建“一线二层三型四环节”实践教学体系,提高学生的实践动手能力。通过将通识教育与专业教育相结合实现知识教育,提升实践技能的培养提升执业能力,并通过职业精神和课程思政建设培养人文素质。
(1)开展与人才培养目标相适应的教育教学改革
以适应人才培养目标为核心,构建“以学生为中心”和“自主学习”的课程体系,以职业标准为核心整合课程与调整教学内容。实行以“器官系统为中心”和“以器官系统疾病为基础”的课程体系改革和“四课一体”的教学改革。引导教师根据课程内容、授课特点的不同,灵活采用PBL、案例式、床边式、小组讨论式、临床模拟教学、网络辅助教学、对分课堂、BOPPPS等多种教学方法,提高学生学习兴趣。
(2)实施拓展教育提升学生人文素养
为真正实现“早实践、早科研、早社会”,强化拓展教育提升学生的人文素养,学校出台拓展教育创新类学分管理办法以及完善《牡丹江医学院第二课堂育人体系实施方案》,同时构建第二课堂育人体系,涵盖思想政治、科技创新、文化艺术、体育兴趣、公益实践和专业学科等多个方面。
(3)完善学生成绩评定体系和评定标准
构建形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的学业成绩评定体系,做好岗位胜任能力关键环节的考核,加强实践考核的规范性,确保学生的毕业质量和岗位胜任力,如加大标准化病人培训力度,在病史采集、体格检查等考试中应用标准化病人;医学类专业全面推行mini-CEX、DOPS等评价方法。在完善学生成绩评定体系和评定标准的基础上,对考试结果进行分析与反馈,真正做到客观评价学生的学习情况,及时总结教学经验指导后续教学实践的闭环体系。
(4)与企业开展教学和科研合作,形成“产、教、研”协同育人
加大用人单位参与人才培养的力度,建立与行业企业更加紧密的人才培养机制。真正做到面向行业需求培养人才,促进产、教、研融合[11]。学校与南京正大天晴制药有限公司合作开设“正大天晴”实验班,与广州金域医学检验集团股份有限公司合作开设“金域检验”实验班、“业求”实验班,与企业共同实施人才培养,推行实习、就业一体化。采取依托、联合、共享等方式,将实践基地由单纯的学生实习实训功能,发展成为集学生实习实训与就业、教师教学与科研的综合性基地。
教学质量监控是保证良好教学效果的基础[12],学校构建了一体化教学质量监控保障体系,包括目标、标准、组织、评价、信息和奖惩6个系统,通过校院二级督导听课、学生评教、教师评学以及评估评管等多种形式,确保教学有效实施,真正做到全链条监控教学质量。
(1)加强政治建设,营造良好政治生态
学校在2022年度省属本科高校政治生态建设成效考核综合评价排名全省第四,连续三年政治生态建设成效综合评价为“好”的等次,持续保持在全省高校政治生态建设第一方阵,为学校各项工作上台阶、上水平提供了良好的政治生态环境保障。
(2)加强组织建设,服务教育教学
成立教师发展与教学评估中心负责高等教育理论与实践研究、教育教学研究项目管理、教师职业规划及职业道德教育,提升教师教学能力和育人水平。
(3)加强基地建设,保障实践技能培养
建立完备的各专业校内实训平台和校外实践教学基地建设,建设省内一流的临床教学实训中心和国内领先的影工实践教学基地,与67家医院、26个企业共同进行人才培养。
通过实施应用型医药卫生人才培养体系,学校近年在教育教学方面取得显著成效。2010年学校被确定为黑龙江省特色应用型本科建设高校,2012年被评为教育部“卓越医师培养计划”首批试点高校,2020年被选为黑龙江省特色应用型本科示范高校,2023年国家专家组对学校更名医科大学进行现场考察验收,一致同意通过审核,已将推荐意见上报教育部。
学校2013年获得硕士学位授予权,临床医学、基础医学、公共卫生与预防医学、护理学、生物学、药学、生物医学工程先后获批硕士学位授权一级学科,硕士授权二级学科达到29个。基层实用型临床医学学科、高寒地区慢性病防治学科获批黑龙江省优势特色学科;基础医学、影像医学与核医学、内科学、外科学、生物学、药学等学科为省级重点学科。2023年,临床医学学科新晋ESI全球排名前1%,迈入国际高水平学科行列。
医学影像学为国家级一类特色专业建设点;临床医学、医学影像学、麻醉学、医学检验为省级重点专业,临床医学、医学影像学、医学检验技术、制药工程、麻醉学、护理学、预防医学、生物医学工程、口腔医学、康复治疗学10个专业为省级一流本科专业建设点。临床医学专业认证获得6年有效期,到期后又延长至10年,居地方医学院校领先水平。
编写《器官系统整合系列教材》9部、全国高等院校临床医学专业创新规划教材3部、医学影像学专业系列特色教材15部。药学类系列实验教材12部获评全国高等院校药学类专业“十三五”规划实验教材(校企合作示范教材)。
《系统解剖学》《医学机能学》入选国家级线上线下混合式一流本科课程。《护理研究》为省级线上一流课程,《组织学与胚胎学》《医学影像诊断学》《卫生学》为省级线下一流课程,《病理生理学》《医学遗传学》《基础护理学》《管理学原理》《系统解剖学》《药理学》《机能学》为省级线上线下混合式一流课程,《大健康产业创新创业实践》为省级社会实践一流课程。《常见感染病》《常见心血管病的诊治》为省级精品在线课程,《出血与血栓疾病实验室诊断》《护理研究》为省级精品在线培育课程。
教师多次在国家级比赛获奖,获得首届全国医学影像技术专业教师教学设计大赛特等奖、第二届全国康复相关专业青年教师课堂教学比赛二等奖等国家级奖励近30项。
1989年,“为农村培养乡土型医师的探索与实践”获国家级优秀教学成果特等奖。2019—2022年获得省教学成果一等奖4项,二等奖9项,其中“服务健康龙江战略,农村订单定向免费医学人才培养的40年探索与实践”和“深化二为办学特色,推进特色应用型本科医学院校建设的探索与实践”均获得省教学成果一等奖。
(1)专业技能竞赛
2018—2022年,医学影像学、临床医学、麻醉学、制药工程、医学检验技术以及护理学等多个专业学生获得国家级专业技能类竞赛铜奖1项,国家级区域专业技能类竞赛奖励50项。具体年度获奖数量见表1
(2)学科技能竞赛
2018—2022年,硕士研究生获得学科技能竞赛奖励26项,其中国家级18项、省级8项。全国医科院校研究生院联盟2019年暑期研究生论坛一等奖1项、二等奖1项、三等奖2项、优秀奖6项;全国医科院校研究生院联盟2019年度研究生临床能力(眼科学)团队竞赛优秀奖1项;2019年全国影像医学专业研究生临床技能大赛(预赛)一等奖4项。具体年度获奖数量见表2
(3)创新创业大赛
2018—2022年,本科学生获得黑龙江省“互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛奖励79项,具体结果见图1。硕士研究生获得省级银奖3项、铜奖1项。
学校高度重视“二为”办学特色及教育教学改革对人才培养的决定性作用,为了客观、科学反映学生就业情况,学校每年通过委托专业第三方调研机构形成毕业生就业质量年度报告,报告显示学生就业率较高、就业去向主要为基层医疗卫生单位、学生就业满意度较高、用人单位对人才满意度为97%以上,说明学校为党和国家培养了高质量应用型医药卫生人才。
(1)就业率
良好的就业率是人才培养质量的重要体现,2019—2023年学校毕业生就业情况良好。本科毕业生就业率为71.21%~96.71%,硕士毕业生就业率为88.04%~98.81%。
(2)就业去向
就业去向是学校“二为”办学特色的重要体现,2019—2023年学校毕业生主要就业去向为基层医疗卫生单位,包括区、县、乡级医疗卫生机构和疾病预防控制机构,本科毕业生在医疗卫生单位就业占比为63.22%~75.71%,硕士毕业生在医疗卫生单位就业占比为80.95%~89.47%。
(3)就业满意度
就业满意度是学生对学校人才培养工作认可的重要指标之一,2019—2023年学校毕业生就业满意度为93.55%~96.75%,提示人才培养工作成效显著,得到了毕业生广泛认可。
(4)用人单位评价
用人单位对毕业生的满意度可以客观、综合反映人才培养的质量,2019—2023年,用人单位对毕业生的整体满意度均为97%以上,提示学校培养的毕业生专业技术能力和职业素质均得到用人单位的高度认可。
应用型医药卫生人才培养体系是高质量培养医药卫生人才的关键,体系的构建要始终坚持“为党育人、为国育才”的使命,以服务国家和地区发展战略为基础做好顶层设计、学科和专业建设的布局,以岗位胜任能力为目标完善人才培养方案,加强与用人单位合作使人才培养契合单位的用人需求,并全程做好人才培养的质量监控及保障措施的落实。
  • 黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGZ20220153)
  • 黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20210912)
  • 牡丹江医学院教育教学改革项目(JY2015030)
  • 牡丹江医学院一流本科课程建设项目
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404305
  • 接收时间:2024-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-17
基金
黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGZ20220153)
黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20210912)
牡丹江医学院教育教学改革项目(JY2015030)
牡丹江医学院一流本科课程建设项目
作者信息
    1.牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
    2. 牡丹江医学院教师发展中心与教学评估中心
    3. 牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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