Article(id=1241102824105373994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401301, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705507200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831571842, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831571842, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831571842, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831571842, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2977, endPage=2981, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102824432529718, articleId=1241102824105373994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of withdrawal of patients with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital in rural areas, Heilongjiang Province, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To master the information of patients with convulsion epilepsy in phenobarbital in rural epilepsy prevention and management project of Heilongjiang Province, understand the reasons for the withdrawal, analyze the influencing factors, and provide reference for improving the patient retention rate and work quality.

Methods

From 2011 to 2020, 3 890 convulsion epilepsy patients received phenobarbital treatment in Heilongjiang Province, of which 807 patients were enrolled. For 807 patients, EpiData, EXCEL and SPSS 19.0 software were used for data entry, processing and statistical analysis of the influencing factors in the withdrawal group, including analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multivariate survival analysis.

Results

3 890 patients with convulsive epilepsy enrolled in phenobarbital treatment group in rural epilepsy project of Heilongjiang Province, 807 cases dropped out successively, the dropout rate was 20.75%, the primary factors contributing to dropout were relocation, noncompliance with medication, and self-perceived or actual remission. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female patients (HR=1.278, 95%CI:1.112-1.468) were the risk factors for dropping out, and the probability of dropping out in female patients was 1.278 times that of male patients.

Conclusion

The withdrawal rate of phenobarbital epilepsy treatment in rural areas of Heilongjiang Province is relatively high. In the later management work, the publicity and education of epilepsy prevention and treatment knowledge should be strengthened to provide personalized treatment programs and improve the treatment efficiency, especially for female epilepsy patients.

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目的

掌握黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目加入苯巴比妥治疗组的惊厥性癫痫患者信息,了解退组原因、分析影响因素,为提高患者保留率和工作质量提供参考依据。

方法

2011—2020年黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目中接受苯巴比妥治疗的3 890例惊厥性癫痫患者,其中有807例患者退组。针对807例退组患者运用EpiData、EXCEL和SPSS19.0软件进行数据录入、处理和统计描述,对可能发生退组的影响因素进行统计学分析,包括方差分析、单因素分析、多因素生存分析。

结果

黑龙江省农村癫痫项目中加入苯巴比妥治疗组的3890例惊厥性癫痫患者,807例陆续退组,退组率为20.75%,退组原因前三位依次是迁出、拒绝服药、治愈或自认为已治愈。多因素Cox回归分析显示女性患者(HR=1.278,95%CI:1.112~1.468)是发生退组的危险因素,女性患者发生退组的概率是男性患者的1.278倍。

结论

黑龙江省农村地区苯巴比妥治疗癫痫的患者退组率较高,在之后的工作中应对患者和家属加强癫痫防治知识宣传教育,针对不同患者提供切实有效的诊疗方案,提高患者保留率,尤其对女性癫痫患者应加强关注。

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闫世春,E-mail:
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何伟丽(1984—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:营养与慢性病防控

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The number of patients and the rate of withdrawal in each age group[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)合计
2~922(29.33)15(34.09)37(31.09)
10~1942(24.28)22(20.18)64(22.70)
20~2972(23.23)74(32.89)146(27.29)
30~3980(17.47)92(23.12)172(20.09)
40~49104(18.94)94(22.65)198(20.54)
50~5968(18.53)58(19.02)126(18.75)
60~6924(12.06)26(18.31)50(14.66)
≥705(7.14)9(17.65)14(11.57)
合计417(18.95)390(23.09)807(20.75)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832506565361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别患者在不同年龄组的退组人数以及退组率情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)合计
2~922(29.33)15(34.09)37(31.09)
10~1942(24.28)22(20.18)64(22.70)
20~2972(23.23)74(32.89)146(27.29)
30~3980(17.47)92(23.12)172(20.09)
40~49104(18.94)94(22.65)198(20.54)
50~5968(18.53)58(19.02)126(18.75)
60~6924(12.06)26(18.31)50(14.66)
≥705(7.14)9(17.65)14(11.57)
合计417(18.95)390(23.09)807(20.75)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832594645752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The number of patients with different follow-up times [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访时间(月)合计
<615(28.30)11(26.19)26(27.37)
6~1113(20.97)7(15.22)20(18.52)
12~2315(16.85)17(21.79)32(19.16)
24~3544(28.03)40(32.52)84(30.00)
36~4741(48.81)30(49.18)71(48.97)
48~5945(51.72)43(67.19)88(58.28)
≥60244(14.62)242(18.98)486(16.51)
合计417(18.95)390(23.09)807(20.75)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832720474884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同性别的患者在不同随访时间的退组人数以及退组率[n(%)]

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随访时间(月)合计
<615(28.30)11(26.19)26(27.37)
6~1113(20.97)7(15.22)20(18.52)
12~2315(16.85)17(21.79)32(19.16)
24~3544(28.03)40(32.52)84(30.00)
36~4741(48.81)30(49.18)71(48.97)
48~5945(51.72)43(67.19)88(58.28)
≥60244(14.62)242(18.98)486(16.51)
合计417(18.95)390(23.09)807(20.75)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832846304015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reasons for group withdrawal of patients with different follow-up time(mouth)

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退组原因<1212~2324~3536~4748~59≥60合计[n(%)]
迁出2(4.35)7(21.88)19(22.62)22(30.99)19(21.59)227(46.71)296(36.68)
拒绝服药11(23.91)5(15.63)11(13.10)9(12.68)16(18.18)95(19.55)147(18.22)
治愈或自认为已治愈4(8.70)7(21.88)4(4.76)18(25.35)28(31.82)50(10.29)111(13.75)
其他治疗4(8.70)5(15.63)19(22.62)7(9.86)4(4.55)44(9.05)83(10.29)
外出或失联1(2.17)3(9.38)8(9.52)8(11.27)13(14.77)37(7.61)70(8.67)
效果不好17(36.96)4(12.50)17(20.24)5(7.04)3(3.41)13(2.67)59(7.31)
依从性差1(2.17)0(0.00)1(1.19)1(1.41)0(0.00)19(3.91)22(2.73)
不良反应6(13.04)1(3.13)3(3.57)1(1.41)0(0.00)0(0.00)11(1.36)
怀孕0(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.19)0(0.00)3(3.41)0(0.00)4(0.50)
其他疾病0(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.19)0(0.00)2(2.27)1(0.21)4(0.50)
合计46(5.70)32(3.97)84(10.41)71(8.80)88(10.90)486(60.22)807(100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102832959550230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同随访时间(月)患者的退组原因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退组原因<1212~2324~3536~4748~59≥60合计[n(%)]
迁出2(4.35)7(21.88)19(22.62)22(30.99)19(21.59)227(46.71)296(36.68)
拒绝服药11(23.91)5(15.63)11(13.10)9(12.68)16(18.18)95(19.55)147(18.22)
治愈或自认为已治愈4(8.70)7(21.88)4(4.76)18(25.35)28(31.82)50(10.29)111(13.75)
其他治疗4(8.70)5(15.63)19(22.62)7(9.86)4(4.55)44(9.05)83(10.29)
外出或失联1(2.17)3(9.38)8(9.52)8(11.27)13(14.77)37(7.61)70(8.67)
效果不好17(36.96)4(12.50)17(20.24)5(7.04)3(3.41)13(2.67)59(7.31)
依从性差1(2.17)0(0.00)1(1.19)1(1.41)0(0.00)19(3.91)22(2.73)
不良反应6(13.04)1(3.13)3(3.57)1(1.41)0(0.00)0(0.00)11(1.36)
怀孕0(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.19)0(0.00)3(3.41)0(0.00)4(0.50)
其他疾病0(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.19)0(0.00)2(2.27)1(0.21)4(0.50)
合计46(5.70)32(3.97)84(10.41)71(8.80)88(10.90)486(60.22)807(100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102833056019229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Univariate survival analysis of the patients with phenobabbital in convulsive epilepsy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关因素总人数
[n(%)]
退组人数
[n(%)]
退组率
(%)
P
性别0.001
2 20141718.95
1 68939023.09
年龄分组(岁)0.049
2~152587328.29
16~3067817425.66
31~602 49249619.90
>604626413.85
病程(年)0.026
≤567913519.88
6~151 10123120.98
16~301 32131323.69
>3078912816.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241102833139905318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102824105373994, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

癫痫患者退组原因单因素生存分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关因素总人数
[n(%)]
退组人数
[n(%)]
退组率
(%)
P
性别0.001
2 20141718.95
1 68939023.09
年龄分组(岁)0.049
2~152587328.29
16~3067817425.66
31~602 49249619.90
>604626413.85
病程(年)0.026
≤567913519.88
6~151 10123120.98
16~301 32131323.69
>3078912816.22
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黑龙江省农村地区苯巴比妥治疗癫痫患者退组情况分析
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何伟丽 , 刘书睿 , 周勇 , 和一展 , 安娜 , 闫世春
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(16): 2977-2981
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(16): 2977-2981
黑龙江省农村地区苯巴比妥治疗癫痫患者退组情况分析
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何伟丽, 刘书睿, 周勇, 和一展, 安娜, 闫世春
作者信息
  • 黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
  • 何伟丽(1984—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:营养与慢性病防控

通讯作者:

闫世春,E-mail:
Analysis of withdrawal of patients with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital in rural areas, Heilongjiang Province
Wei-li HE, Shu-rui LIU, Yong ZHOU, Yi-zhan HE, Na AN, Shi-chun YAN
Affiliations
  • Division of chronic disease control and prevention,Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401301
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目的

掌握黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目加入苯巴比妥治疗组的惊厥性癫痫患者信息,了解退组原因、分析影响因素,为提高患者保留率和工作质量提供参考依据。

方法

2011—2020年黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目中接受苯巴比妥治疗的3 890例惊厥性癫痫患者,其中有807例患者退组。针对807例退组患者运用EpiData、EXCEL和SPSS19.0软件进行数据录入、处理和统计描述,对可能发生退组的影响因素进行统计学分析,包括方差分析、单因素分析、多因素生存分析。

结果

黑龙江省农村癫痫项目中加入苯巴比妥治疗组的3890例惊厥性癫痫患者,807例陆续退组,退组率为20.75%,退组原因前三位依次是迁出、拒绝服药、治愈或自认为已治愈。多因素Cox回归分析显示女性患者(HR=1.278,95%CI:1.112~1.468)是发生退组的危险因素,女性患者发生退组的概率是男性患者的1.278倍。

结论

黑龙江省农村地区苯巴比妥治疗癫痫的患者退组率较高,在之后的工作中应对患者和家属加强癫痫防治知识宣传教育,针对不同患者提供切实有效的诊疗方案,提高患者保留率,尤其对女性癫痫患者应加强关注。

农村地区  /  苯巴比妥  /  癫痫  /  退组
Objective

To master the information of patients with convulsion epilepsy in phenobarbital in rural epilepsy prevention and management project of Heilongjiang Province, understand the reasons for the withdrawal, analyze the influencing factors, and provide reference for improving the patient retention rate and work quality.

Methods

From 2011 to 2020, 3 890 convulsion epilepsy patients received phenobarbital treatment in Heilongjiang Province, of which 807 patients were enrolled. For 807 patients, EpiData, EXCEL and SPSS 19.0 software were used for data entry, processing and statistical analysis of the influencing factors in the withdrawal group, including analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multivariate survival analysis.

Results

3 890 patients with convulsive epilepsy enrolled in phenobarbital treatment group in rural epilepsy project of Heilongjiang Province, 807 cases dropped out successively, the dropout rate was 20.75%, the primary factors contributing to dropout were relocation, noncompliance with medication, and self-perceived or actual remission. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female patients (HR=1.278, 95%CI:1.112-1.468) were the risk factors for dropping out, and the probability of dropping out in female patients was 1.278 times that of male patients.

Conclusion

The withdrawal rate of phenobarbital epilepsy treatment in rural areas of Heilongjiang Province is relatively high. In the later management work, the publicity and education of epilepsy prevention and treatment knowledge should be strengthened to provide personalized treatment programs and improve the treatment efficiency, especially for female epilepsy patients.

Rural areas  /  Phenobarbital  /  Epilepsy  /  Withdrawal
何伟丽, 刘书睿, 周勇, 和一展, 安娜, 闫世春. 黑龙江省农村地区苯巴比妥治疗癫痫患者退组情况分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2977 -2981 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401301
Wei-li HE, Shu-rui LIU, Yong ZHOU, Yi-zhan HE, Na AN, Shi-chun YAN. Analysis of withdrawal of patients with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital in rural areas, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2977 -2981 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401301
癫痫是一种以自发性反复发作为特征的临床异质性神经系统疾病。有研究表明,我国每年新增40万癫痫患者,目前大约现存900万患者[1]。2011—2020年加入黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目苯巴比妥治疗组的惊厥性癫痫患者共有3 890例,其中有807例患者由于各种原因退出治疗组,本文对807例惊厥性癫痫患者入组时收集的原始资料和退组情况调查表合并进行分析研究,首次报道了黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目苯巴比妥组治疗患者退组情况,通过生存分析模型来探讨影响患者继续随访管理的因素,从统计学角度筛选有意义的影响因素,为黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目开展工作提供数据支持,提高项目管理质量。
为2011—2020年黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目 9个项目县(依兰县、五常市、宾县、海林、桦南、桦川、汤原、嫩江、萝北)中接受苯巴比妥治疗的3 890例惊厥性癫痫患者,其中发生退组的807例患者。所以患者由项目统一管理,采用三级防治策略,由乡镇医生、县(区)级以上医院神经科医生、疾控中心工作人员,在其范围内进行癫痫患者筛查、复核诊断和随访管理工作[2],所有参与患者均在签署知情同意书的基础上开展调查研究。
惊厥性癫痫的筛查入组治疗及退组标准均参照“农村癫痫防治管理项目苯巴比妥治疗管理方案”。
入组标准:一年内至少有两次惊厥性癫痫发作的2岁及以上患者,签署书面知情同意书,可以入组。
退组标准:(1)对项目用药有较严重的副作用可以退组;(2)主管医生发现患者治疗后无效或恶化,发作难以控制可以退组;(3)患者或监护人拒绝治疗的可以退组;(4)患者在治疗过程不遵从医嘱服药、不随访和取药,连续三次可以退组;(5)患者治疗过程中发现有进行性神经系统疾病和心肝肾疾病的可以退组。
采用EpiData录入患者信息,WPS 2023和SPSS 19.0软件进行信息数据处理和统计描述,单因素分析运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析log-rank(Mantel-Cox)检验法,多因素分析运用Cox回归分析,检验水准α=0.05。
2011—2020年,黑龙江省9个项目点纳入苯巴比妥治疗组的3 890例惊厥性癫痫患者,其中有807例患者退组,其中男性417例,女性390例。总体退组率20.75%,男性退组率18.95%,女性退组率23.09%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.985,P=0.002);患者退组率在不同年龄组不同(χ2=38.079,P<0.001),患者退组率最高点31.09%出现在2~9岁组,最低点11.57%出现在大于70岁组。见表1
3 890例惊厥性癫痫患者在随访期间,共有807例患者在不同时间退组,退组率在不同随访时间也不相同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=249.456,P<0.001),患者退组率最高点58.28%出现在48~59月组,患者退组率最低点16.51%出现在大于60月组。见表2
不同随访时间患者的退组原因存在差异,差异有统计学意义(χ2=289.854,P<0.001),随访时间大于等于60个月患者退组人数最多为486例,占总退组人数的60.22%;因为迁出而发生退组的患者最多,为296例,占总退组人数的36.68%。见表3
对可能影响退组的相关因素(包括入组原始资料中的性别、首发年龄、入组前是否规律服药、入组前发作次数,和退组情况调查表中的退组时年龄、病程、服药剂量等)进行生存分析,结果Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示患者的性别、年龄、病程导致退组的差异有统计学意义P<0.05。见表4图1~3
将Kaplan-Meier生存分析筛选出的相关因素,和其他可能相关因素进行多因素Cox回归分析,结果显示女性患者发生退组的概率是男性患者的1.278倍,女性患者(HR=1.278,95%CI:1.112~1.468)是发生退组的危险因素。
癫痫是最常见的慢性神经系统疾病之一,多见于中、低收入国家[3],抗癫痫发作药物是抗癫痫治疗中最重要及最基本的措施,也是大多数癫痫患者首选的治疗方式[4]。苯巴比妥经临床应用多年,治疗效果佳,且副作用少,价格低廉,非常适用于治疗我国农村医疗市场混乱、看病贵、治疗效果不佳的癫痫患者,是一项经济、安全和有效的治疗方案[5]。我国农村地区缺乏对癫痫的科学认识,卫生系统诊疗方面投入不足,医疗市场充斥着各种偏方、赤脚医生等不规范的诊疗行为,导致三分之二以上的农村癫痫病人没有得到规范的诊疗,延误病情,加重家庭负担和社会负担。在这样的大背景下,2006年黑龙江省农村癫痫防治管理项目启动,通过走访筛查癫痫患者,对符合入组治疗的患者进行随访管理,无偿为患者提供苯巴比妥治疗。2011—2020年纳入苯巴比妥治疗组的共有3890例惊厥性癫痫患者,其中有807例患者在不同时期退组,退组率为20.75%。相比于项目实施方案要求的退组率5%要高很多,也远高于2015年甘肃省报道的退组率9.36%[6],以及2020年河北省报道的退组率9%[7],原因一方面可能是本论文为十年的连续性研究,时间跨度大,因治愈而发生退组的比例高,另一方面我省项目开展以来,成立以三甲医院神经科医生为专家技术领导组,为每个患者的治疗方案把关,治愈率高,所以导致退组率高于其他省份。方差分析结果显示,黑龙江省农村地区女性患者退组率高于男性,差异显著,多因素回归分析也得出女性患者发生退组的概率是男性患者的1.278倍。也和其他省份[6-7]研究结果一致,产生差异的可能原因一方面是男女在生理结构上的差异,女性承担着更多的生育责任,在备孕、怀孕和哺乳时期就逐步减药或者直接停止服药,退出治疗管理组,另一方面女性结婚后迁出原住地的比例也比男性要高,所以女性退组率更高。
本次研究发现,患者退组率在不同年龄组间有差异,退组率最高点出现在2~9岁年龄组,最低点在70岁以上年龄组,基本趋势为年龄越小,退组率越高;单因素生存分析也显示2~15岁组退组率最高。推测儿童得到更多的关注,由于监护人主观认为长期服用癫痫药可能会令患者正常生长发育受阻,或导致智力损伤,一旦出现轻微副作用或者效果不明显时,便停止服药退出管理组,改服其他副作用小的药品或更快见效的治疗方法。本研究中未设计定性访谈,原因仅为推测,这也是本研究的不足之处。另一个退组率小高峰出现在20~29岁年龄组,其中女性退组率也偏高,这个年龄段是婚恋和生育高峰期,结果也和前面所述男女退组率差异的原因吻合。
研究结果显示,不同随访时间的退组率也不相同,差异有统计学意义,入组治疗前6个月的退组率稍高。随访服药期间如有患者治疗效果不理想,或者出现不良反应,就会认为此项治疗方案不适合自己,拒绝服药退出治疗组,所以入组后的半年内退组率较高。有资料显示苯巴比妥进入体内后,因其半衰期长,需要连续服用14~21天,在患者体内才能达到稳态浓度,在此期间仍会癫痫发作,但不代表治疗无效[8]。首先治疗原则上苯巴比妥应从小剂量开始服用,缓慢增加剂量,其次要根据不同患者具体分析病情,调整到稳定病情的最适剂量,最后达到控制发作的最好效果。因此这个时期有力度的宣教尤为重要,工作人员应该对患者和家属讲解药物特性,让其按时按量坚持服药,好的依从性才能获得良好的治疗效果。研究结果显示治疗半年到两年内的退组率降低,之后从24个月开始到60个月内的退组率逐步升高,结合退组原因分析迁出和治愈或自认为已治愈的患者比例增高。
与其他文献报道不同[9],黑龙江省患者退组原因占首位的是迁出,占退组总数的36.68%,这与我省人口流动大的社会环境有关,另外患者经过治疗后病情得到控制,可以从事正常的家务和工作,很多年轻人外出寻找就业机会,导致迁出比例偏高。对于这部分患者应科学处理,如仍有发作应继续服药,不可随意停药或减少药量,自行停药可能造成发作次数增加,病情恶化,更甚于服药前。另外也可以在新居住地加入当地项目组继续管理治疗。另外一个值得关注的有别于其他省份报道的原因是治愈或自认为已治愈,从随访36个月开始因此原因退组的患者比例不断增加,最高点在48~59个月,达到31.82%,前期有关癫痫临床实验也证明,约70%的癫痫患者经过正规服用抗癫痫药物治疗,癫痫发作可倍控制,发作次数和频率均有所降低,50%~60%的患者经2~5年的治疗可以治愈[10],对服用苯巴比妥已连续3年未发作的患者可以考虑停药。这也符合苯巴比妥治疗方案和用药经验。对于此部分治愈患者,有一点需要注意的是应遵从苯巴比妥停药原则,停药过程应缓慢进行,这一过程可能持续数月到一年,以降低复发几率。抗癫痫治疗是一个长期的过程,对于另外40%~50%的未治愈患者,需要终生服药[11],患者服用一个阶段抗癫痫药物,症状刚被控制就擅自停药,往往导致治疗的失败[12]。此外,本文中依从性差的患者中不包括因不良反应而发生退组的患者,两者互为独立,不交叉。本研究是以患者退组为研究结局,退组后续未再跟踪调查,今后将在此方面深入研究并分析。
综上所述,黑龙江省农村地区加入苯巴比妥治疗组的癫痫患者,在管理过程中退组人数较多,退组率不理想。我们应在日后的项目管理工作中,针对不同患者,制定个性化治疗方案,按时随访调整药量,以提高治疗有效率,另对患者和家属开展健康教育,提高患者依从性,减少退组率,使我省农村地区癫痫患者都能从此项工作获得收益。
  • 中央补助地方农村地区癫痫防治管理项目(2021104)
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401301
  • 接收时间:2024-01-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-18
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中央补助地方农村地区癫痫防治管理项目(2021104)
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    黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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