Article(id=1241102823744663833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709308800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831571755, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831571755, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831571755, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831571755, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2966, endPage=2971, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102824071819559, articleId=1241102823744663833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on comorbidities of chronic diseases among elderly people in China based on the CHARLS database, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the current distribution status and multimorbidity patterns of chronic diseases among the elderly population in China, and provide reference for formulating chronic disease management measures.
Methods Based on the CHARLS database in 2020, a total of 10,635 elderly individuals aged 60 and above were included to investigate the prevalence trends of 15 common chronic diseases. The actual expected ratio (O/E) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis were employed to explore the patterns of comorbidity.
Results The prevalence of chronic diseases among elderly people in China was 86.39%, with hypertension (48.49%), arthritis (43.12%), and stomach diseases (excluding tumors or cancer) (32.06%) being the main causes. The multimorbidity rate was 66.30%, and the top three coexisting diseases were "hypertension+arthritis" (22.28%, O/E=1.07), "hypertension+dyslipidemia" (20.25%, O/E=1.44), and "stomach disease+arthritis" (18.65%, O/E=1.35). The top three coexisting diseases were "hypertension+arthritis+dyslipidemia" (10.31%, O/E=1.70), "hypertension + dyslipidemia + heart disease" (9.70%, O/E=2.65), and "arthritis + stomach disease + hypertension" (9.49%, O/E=1.42). Agglomeration hierarchical cluster analysis was divided into clusters according to malignant tumors, emotional and mental diseases, " stroke + memory related diseases + Parkinson’s disease", "dyslipidemia + diabetes + hypertension + heart disease", "chronic lung disease + asthma + stomach disease + arthritis + liver disease +kidney disease", forming a multimorbidity model.
Conclusion The overall prevalence of chronic diseases among elderly people in China is increasing year by year, and there is a clustering trend.
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目的 了解我国老年人群慢性病流行现状及共病规律,为制定慢性病管理措施提供参考。
方法 基于2020年CHARLS数据库,分析年龄≥60岁老年人10 635名的基本信息和健康数据,探索15种常见慢性病流行趋势,并引入实际预期比(O/E)、凝聚层次聚类分析挖掘共病模式。
结果 中国老年人慢性病患病率为86.39%,以高血压病(48.49%)、关节炎(43.12%)、胃部疾病(不包括肿瘤或癌)(32.06%)为主;共病患病率66.30%,二病共存组合前三位的是“高血压病+关节炎”(22.28%,O/E=1.07)、“高血压病+血脂异常”(20.25%,O/E=1.44)、“胃部疾病+关节炎”(18.65%,O/E=1.35);三病共存组合前三位的是“高血压病+关节炎+血脂异常”(10.31%,O/E=1.70)、“高血压病+血脂异常+心脏病”(9.70%,O/E=2.65)、“关节炎+胃部疾病+高血压病”(9.49%,O/E=1.42);凝聚层次聚类分析整体按照恶性肿瘤、情感及精神疾病、“中风+记忆有关疾病+帕金森症”、“血脂异常+糖尿病+高血压病+心脏病”、“慢性肺部疾患+哮喘+胃部疾病+关节炎+肝脏疾病+肾脏疾病”分别聚类成簇,形成共病模式。
结论 中国老年人慢性病患病率整体逐年升高,且存在聚集趋势。
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潘伟(1972—),男,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:医院管理、流行病学与卫生统计研究
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1.烟台市奇山医院办公室,山东 烟台 264001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102825036509531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102825044898140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, companyId=1241102825036509531, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Cluster analysis spectrum of chronic disease multimorbidities among elderly people (≥ 60 years old) in China in 2020, figureFileSmall=GlE04GKGfTTo+34yvg1kkg==, figureFileBig=8tL8KD5dSL/5FeGSl3/uTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102829386002998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
2020年中国老年人(≥60岁)慢性病共病聚类分析谱系图, figureFileSmall=GlE04GKGfTTo+34yvg1kkg==, figureFileBig=8tL8KD5dSL/5FeGSl3/uTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102829625078349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Characteristics of chronic disease comorbidity among elderly people (≥ 60 years old) in China in 2020
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征 | 人数 | 无慢病 | 一种 | 共病 | 共病患病率(%) | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 10 635 | 1 447 | 2 137 | 7 051 | 66.30 | | |
| 男 | 5 145 | 812 | 1 079 | 3 254 | 63.25 | 52.53 | <0.01 |
| 女 | 5 490 | 635 | 1 058 | 3 797 | 69.16 | | |
| 年龄 | | | | | | | |
| 60~ | 6 501 | 958 | 1 346 | 4 197 | 64.56 | | |
| 70~ | 3 142 | 350 | 579 | 2 213 | 70.43 | 38.11 | <0.01 |
| 80~ | 992 | 139 | 212 | 641 | 64.62 | | |
| 地区 | | | | | | | |
| 东北 | 658 | 87 | 117 | 454 | 69.00 | | |
| 东部 | 3 458 | 567 | 768 | 2 123 | 61.39 | 61.03 | <0.01 |
| 中部 | 3 098 | 377 | 607 | 2 114 | 68.24 | | |
| 西部 | 3 421 | 416 | 645 | 2 360 | 68.99 | | |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城市 | 4 253 | 549 | 805 | 2 899 | 68.20 | 11.04 | <0.01 |
| 农村 | 6 382 | 898 | 1 332 | 4 152 | 65.10 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241102829729935960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
2020年中国老年人(≥60岁)慢性病共病患病率特征
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征 | 人数 | 无慢病 | 一种 | 共病 | 共病患病率(%) | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 10 635 | 1 447 | 2 137 | 7 051 | 66.30 | | |
| 男 | 5 145 | 812 | 1 079 | 3 254 | 63.25 | 52.53 | <0.01 |
| 女 | 5 490 | 635 | 1 058 | 3 797 | 69.16 | | |
| 年龄 | | | | | | | |
| 60~ | 6 501 | 958 | 1 346 | 4 197 | 64.56 | | |
| 70~ | 3 142 | 350 | 579 | 2 213 | 70.43 | 38.11 | <0.01 |
| 80~ | 992 | 139 | 212 | 641 | 64.62 | | |
| 地区 | | | | | | | |
| 东北 | 658 | 87 | 117 | 454 | 69.00 | | |
| 东部 | 3 458 | 567 | 768 | 2 123 | 61.39 | 61.03 | <0.01 |
| 中部 | 3 098 | 377 | 607 | 2 114 | 68.24 | | |
| 西部 | 3 421 | 416 | 645 | 2 360 | 68.99 | | |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城市 | 4 253 | 549 | 805 | 2 899 | 68.20 | 11.04 | <0.01 |
| 农村 | 6 382 | 898 | 1 332 | 4 152 | 65.10 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241102829843182178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Distribution of chronic diseases bytype among elderly people (≥ 60 years old) in China in 2020
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 慢病种类 | 患病人数 | 患病率 (%) | 性别 | χ2 | P值 | 年龄 | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 男 | 女 | 60~ | 70~ | 80~ |
|---|
| 高血压病 | 5 157 | 48.49 | 2 359 | 2 798 | 27.82 | <0.01 | 2 903 | 1 715 | 539 | 98.56 | <0.01 |
| 关节炎 | 4 586 | 43.12 | 1 872 | 2 714 | 184.43 | <0.01 | 2 750 | 1 408 | 428 | 5.45 | 0.07 |
| 胃部疾病 | 3 410 | 32.06 | 1 470 | 1 940 | 55.81 | <0.01 | 2 103 | 1 021 | 286 | 5.27 | 0.07 |
| 血脂异常 | 3 082 | 28.98 | 1 350 | 1 732 | 36.37 | <0.01 | 1 931 | 928 | 223 | 22.49 | <0.01 |
| 心脏病 | 2 773 | 26.07 | 1 105 | 1 668 | 109.27 | <0.01 | 1 564 | 954 | 255 | 43.76 | <0.01 |
| 慢性肺部疾患 | 1 867 | 17.56 | 1 030 | 837 | 41.81 | <0.01 | 1 026 | 631 | 210 | 36.94 | <0.01 |
| 糖尿病 | 1 835 | 17.25 | 785 | 1 050 | 27.83 | <0.01 | 1 144 | 557 | 134 | 10.78 | 0.01 |
| 肾脏疾病 | 1 254 | 11.79 | 721 | 533 | 47.33 | <0.01 | 738 | 429 | 87 | 20.39 | <0.01 |
| 中风 | 1 071 | 10.07 | 535 | 536 | 1.18 | 0.28 | 574 | 391 | 106 | 31.02 | <0.01 |
| 哮喘 | 855 | 8.04 | 450 | 405 | 6.74 | 0.01 | 446 | 317 | 92 | 32.12 | <0.01 |
| 肝脏疾病 | 818 | 7.69 | 432 | 386 | 6.98 | 0.01 | 514 | 250 | 54 | 7.80 | 0.02 |
| 记忆有关疾病 | 660 | 6.21 | 310 | 350 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 304 | 258 | 98 | 70.84 | <0.01 |
| 情感及精神问题 | 348 | 3.27 | 116 | 232 | 32.61 | <0.01 | 205 | 109 | 34 | 0.75 | 0.69 |
| 恶性肿瘤 | 305 | 2.87 | 144 | 161 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 184 | 97 | 24 | 1.29 | 0.52 |
| 帕金森症 | 213 | 2.00 | 94 | 119 | 1.57 | 0.21 | 96 | 80 | 37 | 28.97 | <0.01 |
| 慢病种类 | 地区 | χ2 | P值 | 城乡 | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 东北 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 农村 | 城市 |
|---|
| 高血压病 | 333 | 1 689 | 1 514 | 1 621 | 3.21 | 0.36 | 3 053 | 2 104 | 2.73 | 0.10 |
| 关节炎 | 243 | 1 181 | 1 339 | 1 823 | 267.90 | <0.01 | 2 958 | 1 628 | 67.77 | <0.01 |
| 胃部疾病 | 191 | 979 | 1055 | 1185 | 41.19 | <0.01 | 2 145 | 1 265 | 17.52 | <0.01 |
| 血脂异常 | 242 | 1 005 | 978 | 857 | 55.20 | <0.01 | 1 580 | 1 502 | 138.20 | <0.01 |
| 心脏病 | 272 | 827 | 829 | 845 | 91.99 | <0.01 | 1 544 | 1 229 | 29.30 | <0.01 |
| 慢性肺部疾患 | 109 | 471 | 572 | 715 | 65.65 | <0.01 | 1 178 | 689 | 8.99 | <0.01 |
| 糖尿病 | 119 | 637 | 564 | 515 | 17.18 | <0.01 | 959 | 876 | 55.47 | <0.01 |
| 肾脏疾病 | 104 | 301 | 363 | 486 | 61.07 | <0.01 | 747 | 507 | 0.11 | 0.74 |
| 中风 | 81 | 298 | 355 | 337 | 18.48 | <0.01 | 636 | 435 | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| 哮喘 | 55 | 236 | 266 | 298 | 10.33 | 0.02 | 568 | 287 | 15.98 | <0.01 |
| 肝脏疾病 | 67 | 217 | 244 | 290 | 18.64 | <0.01 | 477 | 341 | 1.06 | 0.30 |
| 记忆有关疾病 | 66 | 176 | 185 | 233 | 26.38 | <0.01 | 371 | 289 | 4.23 | 0.04 |
| 情感及精神问题 | 11 | 100 | 110 | 127 | 9.76 | 0.02 | 208 | 140 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| 恶性肿瘤 | 12 | 123 | 92 | 78 | 12.83 | 0.01 | 159 | 146 | 8.12 | <0.01 |
| 帕金森症 | 15 | 65 | 56 | 77 | 2.20 | 0.53 | 119 | 94 | 1.55 | 0.21 |
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2020年中国老年人(≥60岁)慢性病单病种分布情况
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| 慢病种类 | 患病人数 | 患病率 (%) | 性别 | χ2 | P值 | 年龄 | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 男 | 女 | 60~ | 70~ | 80~ |
|---|
| 高血压病 | 5 157 | 48.49 | 2 359 | 2 798 | 27.82 | <0.01 | 2 903 | 1 715 | 539 | 98.56 | <0.01 |
| 关节炎 | 4 586 | 43.12 | 1 872 | 2 714 | 184.43 | <0.01 | 2 750 | 1 408 | 428 | 5.45 | 0.07 |
| 胃部疾病 | 3 410 | 32.06 | 1 470 | 1 940 | 55.81 | <0.01 | 2 103 | 1 021 | 286 | 5.27 | 0.07 |
| 血脂异常 | 3 082 | 28.98 | 1 350 | 1 732 | 36.37 | <0.01 | 1 931 | 928 | 223 | 22.49 | <0.01 |
| 心脏病 | 2 773 | 26.07 | 1 105 | 1 668 | 109.27 | <0.01 | 1 564 | 954 | 255 | 43.76 | <0.01 |
| 慢性肺部疾患 | 1 867 | 17.56 | 1 030 | 837 | 41.81 | <0.01 | 1 026 | 631 | 210 | 36.94 | <0.01 |
| 糖尿病 | 1 835 | 17.25 | 785 | 1 050 | 27.83 | <0.01 | 1 144 | 557 | 134 | 10.78 | 0.01 |
| 肾脏疾病 | 1 254 | 11.79 | 721 | 533 | 47.33 | <0.01 | 738 | 429 | 87 | 20.39 | <0.01 |
| 中风 | 1 071 | 10.07 | 535 | 536 | 1.18 | 0.28 | 574 | 391 | 106 | 31.02 | <0.01 |
| 哮喘 | 855 | 8.04 | 450 | 405 | 6.74 | 0.01 | 446 | 317 | 92 | 32.12 | <0.01 |
| 肝脏疾病 | 818 | 7.69 | 432 | 386 | 6.98 | 0.01 | 514 | 250 | 54 | 7.80 | 0.02 |
| 记忆有关疾病 | 660 | 6.21 | 310 | 350 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 304 | 258 | 98 | 70.84 | <0.01 |
| 情感及精神问题 | 348 | 3.27 | 116 | 232 | 32.61 | <0.01 | 205 | 109 | 34 | 0.75 | 0.69 |
| 恶性肿瘤 | 305 | 2.87 | 144 | 161 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 184 | 97 | 24 | 1.29 | 0.52 |
| 帕金森症 | 213 | 2.00 | 94 | 119 | 1.57 | 0.21 | 96 | 80 | 37 | 28.97 | <0.01 |
| 慢病种类 | 地区 | χ2 | P值 | 城乡 | χ2 | P值 |
|---|
| 东北 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 农村 | 城市 |
|---|
| 高血压病 | 333 | 1 689 | 1 514 | 1 621 | 3.21 | 0.36 | 3 053 | 2 104 | 2.73 | 0.10 |
| 关节炎 | 243 | 1 181 | 1 339 | 1 823 | 267.90 | <0.01 | 2 958 | 1 628 | 67.77 | <0.01 |
| 胃部疾病 | 191 | 979 | 1055 | 1185 | 41.19 | <0.01 | 2 145 | 1 265 | 17.52 | <0.01 |
| 血脂异常 | 242 | 1 005 | 978 | 857 | 55.20 | <0.01 | 1 580 | 1 502 | 138.20 | <0.01 |
| 心脏病 | 272 | 827 | 829 | 845 | 91.99 | <0.01 | 1 544 | 1 229 | 29.30 | <0.01 |
| 慢性肺部疾患 | 109 | 471 | 572 | 715 | 65.65 | <0.01 | 1 178 | 689 | 8.99 | <0.01 |
| 糖尿病 | 119 | 637 | 564 | 515 | 17.18 | <0.01 | 959 | 876 | 55.47 | <0.01 |
| 肾脏疾病 | 104 | 301 | 363 | 486 | 61.07 | <0.01 | 747 | 507 | 0.11 | 0.74 |
| 中风 | 81 | 298 | 355 | 337 | 18.48 | <0.01 | 636 | 435 | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| 哮喘 | 55 | 236 | 266 | 298 | 10.33 | 0.02 | 568 | 287 | 15.98 | <0.01 |
| 肝脏疾病 | 67 | 217 | 244 | 290 | 18.64 | <0.01 | 477 | 341 | 1.06 | 0.30 |
| 记忆有关疾病 | 66 | 176 | 185 | 233 | 26.38 | <0.01 | 371 | 289 | 4.23 | 0.04 |
| 情感及精神问题 | 11 | 100 | 110 | 127 | 9.76 | 0.02 | 208 | 140 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| 恶性肿瘤 | 12 | 123 | 92 | 78 | 12.83 | 0.01 | 159 | 146 | 8.12 | <0.01 |
| 帕金森症 | 15 | 65 | 56 | 77 | 2.20 | 0.53 | 119 | 94 | 1.55 | 0.21 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241102830065480317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Distribution of the top 10 chronic disease comorbidity rates among elderly people (≥ 60 years old) in China in 2020
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| 二病共存 | 频数 | 共病率 (%) | O/E | 三病共存 | 频数 | 共病率 (%) | O/E |
|---|
| 高血压病+关节炎 | 2 369 | 22.28 | 1.07 | 高血压病+关节炎+血脂异常 | 1097 | 10.31 | 1.70 |
| 高血压病+血脂异常 | 2 154 | 20.25 | 1.44 | 高血压病+血脂异常+心脏病 | 1032 | 9.70 | 2.65 |
| 胃部疾病+关节炎 | 1 983 | 18.65 | 1.35 | 关节炎+胃部疾病+高血压病 | 1009 | 9.49 | 1.42 |
| 高血压病+心脏病 | 1 853 | 17.42 | 1.38 | 心脏病+关节炎+高血压病 | 980 | 9.21 | 1.69 |
| 高血压病+胃部疾病 | 1 677 | 15.77 | 1.01 | 高血压病+血脂异常+糖尿病 | 858 | 8.07 | 3.33 |
| 血脂异常+关节炎 | 1 536 | 14.44 | 1.16 | 心脏病+关节炎+胃部疾病 | 835 | 7.85 | 2.18 |
| 心脏病+关节炎 | 1 484 | 13.95 | 1.24 | 高血压病+血脂异常+胃部疾病 | 817 | 7.68 | 1.70 |
| 血脂异常+心脏病 | 1 330 | 12.51 | 1.66 | 高血压病+胃部疾病+心脏病 | 795 | 7.48 | 1.84 |
| 高血压病+糖尿病 | 1 297 | 12.20 | 1.46 | 血脂异常+关节炎+胃部疾病 | 750 | 7.05 | 1.76 |
| 心脏病+胃部疾病 | 1 263 | 11.88 | 1.42 | 血脂异常+关节炎+心脏病 | 742 | 6.98 | 2.14 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241102830170337930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102823744663833, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
2020年中国老年人(≥60岁)排名前10位慢性病共病患病率分布
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| 二病共存 | 频数 | 共病率 (%) | O/E | 三病共存 | 频数 | 共病率 (%) | O/E |
|---|
| 高血压病+关节炎 | 2 369 | 22.28 | 1.07 | 高血压病+关节炎+血脂异常 | 1097 | 10.31 | 1.70 |
| 高血压病+血脂异常 | 2 154 | 20.25 | 1.44 | 高血压病+血脂异常+心脏病 | 1032 | 9.70 | 2.65 |
| 胃部疾病+关节炎 | 1 983 | 18.65 | 1.35 | 关节炎+胃部疾病+高血压病 | 1009 | 9.49 | 1.42 |
| 高血压病+心脏病 | 1 853 | 17.42 | 1.38 | 心脏病+关节炎+高血压病 | 980 | 9.21 | 1.69 |
| 高血压病+胃部疾病 | 1 677 | 15.77 | 1.01 | 高血压病+血脂异常+糖尿病 | 858 | 8.07 | 3.33 |
| 血脂异常+关节炎 | 1 536 | 14.44 | 1.16 | 心脏病+关节炎+胃部疾病 | 835 | 7.85 | 2.18 |
| 心脏病+关节炎 | 1 484 | 13.95 | 1.24 | 高血压病+血脂异常+胃部疾病 | 817 | 7.68 | 1.70 |
| 血脂异常+心脏病 | 1 330 | 12.51 | 1.66 | 高血压病+胃部疾病+心脏病 | 795 | 7.48 | 1.84 |
| 高血压病+糖尿病 | 1 297 | 12.20 | 1.46 | 血脂异常+关节炎+胃部疾病 | 750 | 7.05 | 1.76 |
| 心脏病+胃部疾病 | 1 263 | 11.88 | 1.42 | 血脂异常+关节炎+心脏病 | 742 | 6.98 | 2.14 |
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