Article(id=1241102819873313083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403134, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709827200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831570833, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831570833, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831570833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831570833, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102813938380911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831569418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831807198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103811318706323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102813938380911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2998, endPage=3003, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102820242411856, articleId=1241102819873313083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between bullying victimization and NSSI in secondary school students in Jiangxi Province: the chain-mediated role of social support and resilience, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effects of social support and resilience on bullied secondary school students and non-suicidal self-injury, and analyze the association between social support and resilience, so as to provide reference for preventing school bullying. Method In March 2023, three middle schools in Jiangxi Province were used as site sites to investigate the current situation using self-made general situation questionnaire, Olweus Bully questionnaire, social support scale for adolescents,cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Ottwa self-injury inventory questionnaire (OSI). To explore the role of social support and resilience in the chain mediation between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury.

Results

The report rate of bullying victimization was 18.56%, and the detection rate of non-suicidal self-injury was 34.4%. Bullying victimization and NSSI were negatively correlated with social support and resilience (r=-0.34 - -0.16, P<0.001), bullying victimization was positively correlated with NSSI (r=0.18, P<0.001), and social support was positively correlated with resilience (r=0.66, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the simple mediating effect of social support between bullied and non-suicidal self-injury was 0.036 (95%CI:0.014-0.064), and the chain mediating effect of social support and resilience was 0.029 (95%CI: 0.011-0.056).

Conclusion

The bullying experience of secondary school students positively increases the risk of non-suicidal self-injury, and social support and resilience play chain mediating roles in this process. Improve the social support and resilience of secondary school students to reduce the non-suicidal self-injury behavior related to school bullying.

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目的

探讨中学生被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系,以及社会支持、心理韧性在其间的可能作用,为降低校园欺凌的发生提供思路。

方法

2023年3月,以江西省三所中学学生为研究对象,使用自制问卷收集中学生基本信息,使用Olweus欺凌问卷中文版、青少年社会支持量表、渥太华自伤量表等问卷进行问卷调查。分析被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系以及社会支持、心理韧性在其间的链式中介作用。

结果

本次调查的中学生被欺凌报告率为18.56%,非自杀性自伤行为检出率为34.4%。被欺凌、非自杀性自伤与社会支持、心理韧性分别呈负相关(r=-0.34~-0.16,P<0.001),被欺凌和非自杀性自伤之间正相关(r=0.18,P<0.001),社会支持和心理韧性之间正相关(r=0.66,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,社会支持在被欺凌与非自杀性自伤之间的简单中介效应为0.036(95%CI:0.014~0.064),社会支持与心理韧性在二者之间的链式中介效应为0.029(95%CI:0.011~0.056)。

结论

中学生被欺凌经历可能增加非自杀性自伤风险,社会支持和心理韧性在其间起链式中介作用。提高中学生的社会支持和心理韧性,或许可以减少中学生与校园欺凌相关的非自杀性自伤行为。

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黄鹏,E-mail:
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王璐(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:伤害流行病学

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注:* P<0.05;** P<0.01;*** P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=kqlgG8hn9d4ilLHIEYb6uQ==, figureFileBig=Qwr0sbmaDa/kLfouwCPyMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102827645358809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation between variables and factors (n=626)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年级班干部被欺凌得分社会支持得分心理韧性得分非自杀性自伤得分
年级1.00
班干部0.08a1.00
被欺凌得分-0.11b-0.11b1.00
社会支持得分0.09a-0.09a-0.16c1.00
心理韧性得分0.16c-0.11b-0.21c0.66c1.00
非自杀性自伤得分-0.12b-0.08a0.18c-0.32c-0.34c1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102827741827812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各变量及因子间的相关关系(n=626)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年级班干部被欺凌得分社会支持得分心理韧性得分非自杀性自伤得分
年级1.00
班干部0.08a1.00
被欺凌得分-0.11b-0.11b1.00
社会支持得分0.09a-0.09a-0.16c1.00
心理韧性得分0.16c-0.11b-0.21c0.66c1.00
非自杀性自伤得分-0.12b-0.08a0.18c-0.32c-0.34c1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102827838296811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regression analysis of mediating model between social support and resilience and bullying and non-suicidal self-injury (n=626)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量结果变量RR2Fβ(95%CItP
模型1
年级社会支持0.2190.04810.440c0.787(-0.002~1.577)1.9590.051
班干部-3.761(-6.475~-1.047)-2.7210.007
被欺凌-0.729(-1.041~-0.417)-4.590<0.001
模型2
年级心理韧性0.6800.462133.576c0.837(0.228~1.445)2.7000.007
班干部-2.821(-4.920~-0.722)-2.6390.009
被欺凌-0.254(-0.497~-0.010)-2.0430.041
社会支持0.659(0.599~0.720)21.382<0.001
模型3
年级非自杀性自伤0.4270.18227.576c-0.094(-0.290~0.102)-0.9380.349
班干部-0.772(-1.447~-0.096)-2.2430.025
被欺凌0.115(0.037~0.193)2.8860.004
社会支持-0.049(-0.074~-0.023)-3.762<0.001
心理韧性-0.061(-0.086~-0.036)-4.771<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102827943154417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社会支持和心理韧性在被欺凌对非自杀性自伤之间中介模型的回归分析(n=626)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量结果变量RR2Fβ(95%CItP
模型1
年级社会支持0.2190.04810.440c0.787(-0.002~1.577)1.9590.051
班干部-3.761(-6.475~-1.047)-2.7210.007
被欺凌-0.729(-1.041~-0.417)-4.590<0.001
模型2
年级心理韧性0.6800.462133.576c0.837(0.228~1.445)2.7000.007
班干部-2.821(-4.920~-0.722)-2.6390.009
被欺凌-0.254(-0.497~-0.010)-2.0430.041
社会支持0.659(0.599~0.720)21.382<0.001
模型3
年级非自杀性自伤0.4270.18227.576c-0.094(-0.290~0.102)-0.9380.349
班干部-0.772(-1.447~-0.096)-2.2430.025
被欺凌0.115(0.037~0.193)2.8860.004
社会支持-0.049(-0.074~-0.023)-3.762<0.001
心理韧性-0.061(-0.086~-0.036)-4.771<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102828110926590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediating pathways and effects of social support and resilience

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CI效应量/总效应(%)
总效应0.196(0.113~0.278)100.00
直接效应0.115(0.037~0.193)58.67
总间接效应0.081(0.040~0.131)41.33
间接效应1被欺凌→社会支持→非自杀性自伤0.036(0.014~0.064)18.37
间接效应2被欺凌→心理韧性→非自杀性自伤0.016(-0.004~0.038)8.16
间接效应3被欺凌→社会支持→心理韧性→非自杀性自伤0.029(0.011~0.056)14.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241102828224172804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102819873313083, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

社会支持和心理韧性的中介路径及其效应分解

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CI效应量/总效应(%)
总效应0.196(0.113~0.278)100.00
直接效应0.115(0.037~0.193)58.67
总间接效应0.081(0.040~0.131)41.33
间接效应1被欺凌→社会支持→非自杀性自伤0.036(0.014~0.064)18.37
间接效应2被欺凌→心理韧性→非自杀性自伤0.016(-0.004~0.038)8.16
间接效应3被欺凌→社会支持→心理韧性→非自杀性自伤0.029(0.011~0.056)14.80
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江西省中学生被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系:社会支持和心理韧性的链式中介作用
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王璐 , 胡达振 , 段文静 , 谢煜相 , 羊姝 , 黄鹏
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(16): 2998-3003
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(16): 2998-3003
江西省中学生被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系:社会支持和心理韧性的链式中介作用
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王璐, 胡达振, 段文静, 谢煜相, 羊姝, 黄鹏
作者信息
  • 南昌大学公共卫生学院循证医学中心/疾病预防与公共卫生江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330006
  • 王璐(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:伤害流行病学

通讯作者:

黄鹏,E-mail:
Association between bullying victimization and NSSI in secondary school students in Jiangxi Province: the chain-mediated role of social support and resilience
Lu WANG, Da-zhen HU, Wen-jing DUAN, Yu-xiang XIE, Shu YANG, Peng HUANG
Affiliations
  • Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403134
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目的

探讨中学生被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系,以及社会支持、心理韧性在其间的可能作用,为降低校园欺凌的发生提供思路。

方法

2023年3月,以江西省三所中学学生为研究对象,使用自制问卷收集中学生基本信息,使用Olweus欺凌问卷中文版、青少年社会支持量表、渥太华自伤量表等问卷进行问卷调查。分析被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系以及社会支持、心理韧性在其间的链式中介作用。

结果

本次调查的中学生被欺凌报告率为18.56%,非自杀性自伤行为检出率为34.4%。被欺凌、非自杀性自伤与社会支持、心理韧性分别呈负相关(r=-0.34~-0.16,P<0.001),被欺凌和非自杀性自伤之间正相关(r=0.18,P<0.001),社会支持和心理韧性之间正相关(r=0.66,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,社会支持在被欺凌与非自杀性自伤之间的简单中介效应为0.036(95%CI:0.014~0.064),社会支持与心理韧性在二者之间的链式中介效应为0.029(95%CI:0.011~0.056)。

结论

中学生被欺凌经历可能增加非自杀性自伤风险,社会支持和心理韧性在其间起链式中介作用。提高中学生的社会支持和心理韧性,或许可以减少中学生与校园欺凌相关的非自杀性自伤行为。

被欺凌  /  社会支持  /  心理韧性  /  非自杀性自伤  /  链式中介模型
Objective

To explore the effects of social support and resilience on bullied secondary school students and non-suicidal self-injury, and analyze the association between social support and resilience, so as to provide reference for preventing school bullying. Method In March 2023, three middle schools in Jiangxi Province were used as site sites to investigate the current situation using self-made general situation questionnaire, Olweus Bully questionnaire, social support scale for adolescents,cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Ottwa self-injury inventory questionnaire (OSI). To explore the role of social support and resilience in the chain mediation between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury.

Results

The report rate of bullying victimization was 18.56%, and the detection rate of non-suicidal self-injury was 34.4%. Bullying victimization and NSSI were negatively correlated with social support and resilience (r=-0.34 - -0.16, P<0.001), bullying victimization was positively correlated with NSSI (r=0.18, P<0.001), and social support was positively correlated with resilience (r=0.66, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the simple mediating effect of social support between bullied and non-suicidal self-injury was 0.036 (95%CI:0.014-0.064), and the chain mediating effect of social support and resilience was 0.029 (95%CI: 0.011-0.056).

Conclusion

The bullying experience of secondary school students positively increases the risk of non-suicidal self-injury, and social support and resilience play chain mediating roles in this process. Improve the social support and resilience of secondary school students to reduce the non-suicidal self-injury behavior related to school bullying.

Bullying victimization  /  Social support  /  Resilience  /  Non-suicidal self-injury  /  Chain mediation model
王璐, 胡达振, 段文静, 谢煜相, 羊姝, 黄鹏. 江西省中学生被欺凌与非自杀性自伤的关系:社会支持和心理韧性的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2998 -3003 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403134
Lu WANG, Da-zhen HU, Wen-jing DUAN, Yu-xiang XIE, Shu YANG, Peng HUANG. Association between bullying victimization and NSSI in secondary school students in Jiangxi Province: the chain-mediated role of social support and resilience[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (16) : 2998 -3003 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403134
在全球范围内,欺凌行为在青少年中很普遍。联合国儿童基金会2018年报告,全球超过三分之一的13~15岁的学生经历过不同形式的欺凌[1]。在国内,刘小群等[2]对湖南省中学生进行调查,结果显示近半年内遭受欺凌的发生率为17.9%。李宁等[3]在安徽省的合肥、芜湖、阜阳调查1826名中学生,发现被欺凌发生率为39.59%。研究发现,校园欺凌对青少年有长期负面影响,被欺凌后睡眠障碍、抑郁、社交障碍发生的风险增加[4-5],以往研究显示经历被欺凌后发生非自杀性自伤行为的风险提高[6]。非自杀性自伤(Non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)指个体在没有自杀意图的前提下,直接、故意地对身体组织进行破坏的行为,常见方式如切割、抓伤、烧伤等[7]。社会支持指个体感受到的来自其所在社会网络成员间的关心、尊重和重视的一种行为或信息[8],社会支持作为一种重要的心理健康资源,在相同的压力情境中社会支持较高的个体较少出现负性行为,社会支持可以对NSSI产生缓冲效应机制[9]。因此,被欺凌可能通过社会支持的中介作用影响NSSI行为的发生。心理韧性(Resilience)是指个人面对创伤、悲剧、威胁或其他重大压力时的良好适应[10],它能够帮助个体抵抗挫折、克服逆境,已有研究[11]提示,心理韧性在被欺凌和NSSI行为关系中发挥中介作用,社会支持与心理韧性之间正相关[12]。因此,本研究拟探讨中学生被欺凌和NSSI之间的关系,同时尝试了解外界提供社会支持和个人提升心理韧性两个角度降低被欺凌者发生NSSI风险中可能存在的作用,以期为校园欺凌的防控提供线索或思路。
2023年3月,以江西省南昌市某中学(省会中学)、上饶市某中学(地市中学)、崇仁县某中学(县域中学)的在校生为研究对象。江西省最新报告的被欺凌报告率为18.68%[13],故本研究以p=15%为预期报告率,采用公式进行样本含量估算,双侧检验水准α=0.05,允许误差δ=0.1p,所需样本量为2 177人,考虑到整群抽样(增加50%样本)和无应答率(10%左右),最终样本量为3 629人。在校方支持及学生知情同意下,对各校各年级以班级为单位进行随机抽样,被选中班级的全体学生参与问卷调查。本次调查共回收问卷3 740份,有效问卷为3 372份,有效率达90.16%。通过南昌大学学术委员会生物医学伦理分委员会审查(审查批准号:NCUREC202303001)。
使用自制的调查问卷,收集中学生的基本信息,包括年级、性别、年龄、是否担任班级干部、是否独生子女、户籍(城镇、农村)等。
采用张文新等[14]修订的Olweus欺凌问卷中文版,共14个条目,测量欺凌行为(7个条目)和被欺凌行为(7个条目),本研究仅使用被欺凌行为部分。问卷计分标准为在过去一年被试对象被欺凌的频率(0表示没有;1表示1~2次;2表示每月2~3次;3表示约每周1次;4表示每周几次),有任意1个题目得分≥2分即归入被欺凌者,得分越高则被欺凌频率越高。本研究显示,被欺凌量表的Cronbach α系数为0.728,欺凌量表的Cronbach α系数为0.658。
使用叶悦妹等[15]编制的青少年社会支持量表,共有17个条目。量表采用5点计分法进行计分,评分范围为1~5分,得分越高表明社会支持总体及其各维度水平越高。本次研究青少年社会支持量表Cronbach α系数为0.943,其中主观支持维度Cronbach α系数为0.897,客观支持维度Cronbach α系数为0.876,支持利用度维度Cronbach α系数为0.893。
采用胡月琴等[16]编制的青少年心理韧性量表(Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire,CERQ),共有27个条目,分值为分五等级、“正”、“反”两种赋分,正向等级越高赋分越高,反向则等级越高赋分越低。本次研究中,青少年心理韧性量表的Cronbach α系数为0.886。
采用渥太华自伤量表(Ottwa self-injury inventory,OSI)中的条目[17]对NSSI进行界定,包括用头撞墙、用力咬自己、抠或抓自己等自伤行为方式,对自伤行为发生频率计分(0次、1次、2~4次、5次及以上分别评分,评分范围为0~3分)。问卷共10个条目,条目得分相加越高发生NSSI行为的程度越强。本研究中,自伤量表的Cronbach α系数为0.797。
(1)抽样方法及数量:采用分层整群取样法,考虑到整群抽样(增加50%样本)和无应答率(10%左右),扩充调查对象人数,以保证对象的代表性、可重复性;
(2)量表及问卷制定:考虑到非自杀性自伤因素调查的复杂性和长期性,信息采集项定义设计清晰、易懂、易回忆、无歧义,尽量避免人为误差。量表经专家认证,信效度较高;
(3)现场调查:为保证调查质量即信息的准确可靠,对我校不同省籍的在读研究生进行现场调查技术系统培训和考核,达标后作为调查员委派任务。正式调查时宣读指导语,强调本次为匿名调查,要求学生现场独立填写问卷,作答时间控制在25分钟内。课题组专家赴现场进行质量检查,调动调查对象的积极性和参与度;
(4)问卷回收:问卷先按班级统一回收,后按照年级进行整理,剔除有明显逻辑问题或漏填率>15%的问卷,保证本次调研问卷有效回收率不低于90%。
使用SPSS 27.0软件和Process 4.0进行数据分析。通过Spearman秩相关分析被欺凌、社会支持、心理韧性和NSSI之间的关联。使用路径分析探索被欺凌、社会支持、心理韧性和NSSI之间的关系。检验水准α=0.05。
对全部中学生的被欺凌、心理韧性、社会支持以及NSSI所有题项采用Harman单因子检验法进行共同方法偏差检验[18]。结果显示,未旋转得到14个特征根大于1的因子,第一个因子解释变异量为22.21%(<40%)。由此可见,共同方法偏差对本研究结果并未造成太大影响[19-20]
本次调查的中学生共3 372人,被欺凌报告率为18.56%(626/3 372);NSSI检出率为34.4%(1 160/3 372)。对被欺凌、社会支持、心理韧性和NSSI进行相关分析,结果所示(表1),年级与被欺凌、NSSI呈负相关(r=-0.12~-0.11,P<0.01),与社会支持、心理韧性呈正相关(r=0.09~0.16,P<0.05),担任班干部的中学生被欺凌、社会支持、心理韧性和NSSI得分均高于未担任班干部的中学生,被欺凌、NSSI与社会支持、心理韧性分别呈负相关(r=-0.34~-0.16,P<0.001),被欺凌和NSSI之间正相关(r=0.18,P<0.001),社会支持和心理韧性之间呈正相关(r=0.66,P<0.001)。
为了探究社会支持和心理韧性在被欺凌与NSSI关系中的作用,以被欺凌作为自变量,控制年级、是否担任班干部,以社会支持、心理韧性做中介变量,NSSI做因变量进行中介分析。
表2图1显示,模型中所有路径系数均显著,每个模型方差解释率均达到显著性水平(F模型1=10.440,F模型2=133.576、F模型3=27.576,均有P<0.001),建立的模型拟合值均达标。
在直接路径中,被欺凌与NSSI正向关联(β=0.115,P=0.004);在社会支持为中介变量的中介路径中,被欺凌能与社会支持负向关联(β=-0.729,P<0.001),社会支持与NSSI负向关联(β=-0.049,P<0.001)。在心理韧性为中介变量的中介路径中,被欺凌负向预测心理韧性(β=-0.254,P=0.041),心理韧性负向预测NSSI(β=-0.061,P<0.001);在链式中介路径中,社会支持正向预测心理韧性(β=0.659,P<0.001)。
本研究进行Bootstrap检验,间接效应占总效应的41.33%(见表3)。间接效应1是社会支持在被欺凌与NSSI之间起中介效应,效应值为0.036,95%CI为(0.014~0.064);间接效应2是心理韧性在被欺凌与NSSI之间起中介效应,效应值为0.016,95%CI为(-0.004~0.038);间接效应3是被欺凌通过社会支持、心理韧性对NSSI的链式中介效应,效应值为0.029,95%CI为(0.011~0.056)。由表3可知间接效应1和3的Bootstrap95%CI不包含0,说明路径系数显著。
本研究显示,被欺凌与社会支持、心理韧性呈负相关,与NSSI呈正相关,与以往研究一致[21],这表明中学生被欺凌后获得社会支持的水平会降低,个人心理韧性水平会下降,发生NSSI行为风险提高。此外,本研究通过构建链式中介模型发现,被欺凌不仅会直接预测NSSI风险,还会通过社会支持和心理韧性的链式中介作用影响NSSI行为的发生。中介作用通过2条路径产生:通过社会支持的独立中介作用;通过社会支持-心理韧性的链式中介作用。
中学生处于心理发育的关键期,容易受到外界环境变化的影响,在受到欺凌时容易影响心理健康水平。有研究发现,被欺凌者会出现情绪调节困难,产生孤独、焦虑、低自尊和抑郁等不良情绪[22],严重的将持续影响至成年后的心理健康及生活质量,甚至出现滥用毒品、自伤和自杀等行为[21,23]。Agnew的一般压力理论(the general strain theory,GST)[24]也认为压力事件迫使个人实施越轨行为。因此,应积极关注中学生时期的心理健康状况,降低校园欺凌事件的发生,提高心理健康水平。
本研究发现,社会支持在被欺凌和NSSI之间起中介作用。被欺凌者会出现情绪调节困难,严重将出现滥用毒品、自伤和自杀等行为[15],社会支持可降低以上问题发生风险[9]。社会支持是个体从其所拥有的社会关系(如家庭成员、亲友、同学、教师等)中获得的精神上和物质上的支持,青少年如果能够主观感受到自己所拥有的资源,并积极加以利用,会降低由低人际信任、不良同伴关系及低自尊所带来的高焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍问题,从而降低自伤的发生率[25],这表明青少年在校园生活中如获得社会支持,有助于降低个体遭遇挫折(如校园欺凌)后发生NSSI的风险。
此外,本研究通过链式中介效应结果分析发现,被欺凌还能通过社会支持和心理韧性的链式中介作用间接影响青少年的NSSI行为。心理韧性是一种积极的心理品质,它能够帮助个体抵抗挫折、克服逆境[26],是重要的内在因素,而作为心理韧性外部保护因素的社会支持是应激和压力的主要缓冲因素,能为被欺凌者提供应对挫折所需的外部资源及良好心理感受[4,27]。社会支持越多,越能帮助被欺凌者克服压力、提高逆境抗争能力,进而成功应对困境[28-29],从而提高其心理韧性,而心理韧性高的被欺凌者能够积极地看待学习中和生活中遇到的各种问题,有利于降低其NSSI的风险[30]。因此,降低中学生发生NSSI行为的风险,不仅要关注校园欺凌的防控、社会提供支持的程度,还要考虑青少年的心理韧性水平。
综上所述,在中学生群体中,家长和学校要重视中学生的人际关系,建立良好的同伴环境,获得更多社会支持,培养高水平的心理韧性,以期减少被欺凌中学生发生NSSI的风险。本研究也存在一定的局限性:本研究仅对江西省展开了初步调查,而校园欺凌的影响因素涉及多方面,需要考虑更广泛的地区和背景,未来需要拓展至其他省份以获取更全面的数据。
  • 江西省研究生创新专项基金项目(YC2022-s220)
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2024年第51卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403134
  • 接收时间:2024-03-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-08
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江西省研究生创新专项基金项目(YC2022-s220)
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    南昌大学公共卫生学院循证医学中心/疾病预防与公共卫生江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330006

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