Article(id=1241102744044491082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403459, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831552754, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831552754, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831552754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831552754, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2593, endPage=2597, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102744455532913, articleId=1241102744044491082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effectiveness of interventions to improve sequential coordination of care in emergency medical services: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically analyze randomized controlled trials (RCT) on improving the coordination of care in emergency medical services (EMS), and to mainly focus on sequential intervention that aimed to achieve seamless care between difference service settings, as well as to provide evidence-based suggestion for improving the integration of emergency medical system.

Methods

Using keyword and Mesh-term search, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database and other eight databases were searched to identify related studies, and then the interventions were confirmed by study screening and quality evaluation. Effectiveness of the interventions were assessed according to treatment time, patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Results

In total, 19 articles were included. Sequential intervention maximumly could shorten pre-hospital time and in-hospital time by 68.7 minutes and 79.8 minutes, respectively. The incidence of adverse events could be reduced by from 3.8% to 16.7%. There were significant reductions in the rates of readmission (20%), mortality (17%) and complication (28.9%). The functional status and satisfaction of the patients in the intervention group were better than that in the control group.

Conclusion

Interventions aiming to improve coordination of care in EMS play a positive role in shortening treatment time and improving patient outcome. Given the quality of the included studies, study locations and study sample, future studies should pay more attention to the rigorousness of their study design and the completeness of their outcome report.

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目的

系统总结提高急救医疗服务协调性的随机对照干预研究,以不同场景下实现急救医疗服务无缝衔接的纵向干预为主要关注点,为急救医疗体系衔接优化提供首份循证依据。

方法

采用关键词和主题检索的方式,计算机检索Embase、PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库等八个中英文数据库中的相关文献,对纳入文献进行筛选和质量评价,以救治时间、患者结局、满意度作为评价指标,分别分析干预措施的效果。

结果

最终纳入文献19篇。纵向干预最多可缩短院前时间68.7分钟,院内时间79.8分钟,不良事件发生率可降低3.8%~16.7%。患者的再入院率、死亡率和并发症发生率最大分别可降低20%、17%、28.9%。干预组的患者生活能力和满意度均高于对照组。

结论

急救医疗服务协调性干预在缩短救治时间、改善患者结局方面均有积极作用。鉴于现有证据的研究质量,研究地点局限于少数国家,且部分研究样本量较少,未来研究应注重研究设计的严谨性和结果报告的完整性,增加相关干预措施的有效性和可行性。

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金音子,E-mail:
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麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明(1996-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:急救医疗体系优化

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麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明(1996-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:急救医疗体系优化

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Application of cooperative Pre -hospital emergency nursing in the treatment of patients with brain contusion[J].China Foreign Medical Treatment, 2020, 39(20): 113-115., articleTitle=Application of cooperative Pre -hospital emergency nursing in the treatment of patients with brain contusion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758275764286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=12, issue=12, pageStart=1185, pageEnd=1187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=翟春丽, 许涵, journalName=中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=翟春丽,许涵.无缝隙急救模式对老年急性脑梗死患者急救效率及神经功能的影响观察[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志201712(12):1185-1187., articleTitle=无缝隙急救模式对老年急性脑梗死患者急救效率及神经功能的影响观察, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758342873152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=12, issue=12, pageStart=1185, pageEnd=1187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Zhai CL, Xu H, journalName=China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai CL, Xu H. Effectiveness of seamless emergency mode for elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its influence of neurological function[J].China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine, 2017, 12(12): 1185-1187., articleTitle=Effectiveness of seamless emergency mode for elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its influence of neurological function, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758418370628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=25, issue=17, pageStart=169, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=赵润梅, 梁义, 马健康, journalName=中国当代医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵润梅,梁义,马健康,等.急诊科应用无缝隙护理管理模式对危重患者进行转运的效果[J].中国当代医药201825(17):169-171., articleTitle=急诊科应用无缝隙护理管理模式对危重患者进行转运的效果, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758498062407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=25, issue=17, pageStart=169, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhao RM, Liang Y, Ma JK, journalName=China Modern Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao RM, Liang Y, Ma JK, et al. Effect of applying the seamless care management mode in the emergency department on the transport of critical patients[J].China Modern Medicine, 2018, 25(17): 169-171., articleTitle=Effect of applying the seamless care management mode in the emergency department on the transport of critical patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758556782666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=19, pageStart=230, pageEnd=231, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=赵静, journalName=中国医药指南, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵静.急诊外科危重患者院内安全转运的护理管理效果观察[J].中国医药指南202119(19):230-231., articleTitle=急诊外科危重患者院内安全转运的护理管理效果观察, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758632280140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=19, pageStart=230, pageEnd=231, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Zhao J, journalName=Guide ofChina Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao J. Observation on the effect of nursing management on safe transportation of critical patients in emergency surgery[J]. Guide ofChina Medicine, 2021, 19(19): 230-231., articleTitle=Observation on the effect of nursing management on safe transportation of critical patients in emergency surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758699389006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=14, issue=14, pageStart=181, pageEnd=182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=祝叶芳, journalName=中国卫生产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祝叶芳.标准化护理措施在社区急诊患者治疗中的应用[J].中国卫生产业201714(14):181-182., articleTitle=标准化护理措施在社区急诊患者治疗中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758774886480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=14, issue=14, pageStart=181, pageEnd=182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Zhu YF, journalName=China Health Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu YF. Application of standardized nursing measures in the treatment of community emergency patients[J].China Health Industry, 2017, 14(14): 181-182., articleTitle=Application of standardized nursing measures in the treatment of community emergency patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758850383953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje M, Schultz M, journalName=PLOS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje M, Schultz M, et al. TheCopenhagen triage algorithm is non-inferior to a traditional triage algorithm: a cluster-randomized study[J]. PLOS One, 2019, 14(2): e0211769., articleTitle=TheCopenhagen triage algorithm is non-inferior to a traditional triage algorithm: a cluster-randomized study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758917492819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=94, issue=26, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Inokuchi R, Sato H, Iwagami M, journalName=Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Inokuchi R, Sato H, Iwagami M, et al. Impact of a new medical record system for emergency departments designed to accelerate clinical documentation: a crossover study[J]. Medicine, 2015, 94(26): e856., articleTitle=Impact of a new medical record system for emergency departments designed to accelerate clinical documentation: a crossover study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102758976213076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=195, pageEnd=203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Mahler SA, Riley RF, Hiestand BC, journalName=Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mahler SA, Riley RF,Hiestand BC, et al. The HEART pathway randomized trial: identifying emergency department patients with acute chest pain for early discharge[J]. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 2015, 8(2): 195-203., articleTitle=The HEART pathway randomized trial: identifying emergency department patients with acute chest pain for early discharge, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102753259377540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, awardId=72274005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(72274005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102753351652235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, awardId=9232009, language=CN, fundingSource=北京自然科学基金项目(9232009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102746577850952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102746590433866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, companyId=1241102746577850952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102746594628171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, companyId=1241102746577850952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102746707874390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102746712068696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, companyId=1241102746707874390, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102748230406757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102748238795365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, companyId=1241102748230406757, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京大学全球健康发展研究院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102751313220447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of literature screening, figureFileSmall=9yOtTYpbm8XQywkm3M8PNA==, figureFileBig=TNoycAdhz8ntJ3iUHTaS4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102752718312294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程, figureFileSmall=9yOtTYpbm8XQywkm3M8PNA==, figureFileBig=TNoycAdhz8ntJ3iUHTaS4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102753007719283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of included studies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入文献国家研究对象样本量投入因素组间比较偏倚风险
包悦[9]中国急性脑梗死患者98混合型院内时间:干预组短24.2分钟;]]生活能力评分:干预组高16.2分不明确
常秋菊[10]中国患者160混合型院内时间:干预组短82分钟;患者满意度:干预组高12.5%高风险
陈春花[11]中国创伤患者106混合型院内时间:干预组短15.55分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低3.8%;死亡率:干预组低17%高风险
陈庆博[12]中国急性颅脑损伤患者164混合型院内时间:干预组短28.3分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低12.20%;死亡率:干预组低6.10%;患者满意度: 干预组高1.67分不明确
冯燕[13]中国脑挫伤72信息院前时间:干预组短19.87分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高7.26分;并发症发生率:干预组低22.22%不明确
林彩玲[14]中国心梗患者90卫生人力院前时间:干预组短19.64分钟;院内时间:干预组短79.8分钟;住院时长:干预组短4.67小时;再入院率:干预组低20%;并发症发生率:干预组低28.89%;生活能力评分:干预组高22.22%不明确
刘艳芹[15]中国脑卒中患者150技术院前时间:干预组短5.29分钟;院内时间:干预组短66.88分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高0.62分不明确
罗劲[16]中国心梗患者130卫生人力院内时间:干预组短28.15分钟;患者满意度:干预组高15.38%不明确
王芳[17]中国急性脑梗死患者120卫生人力院内时间:干预组短11.26分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高6.48分;患者满意度:干预组高13.33%不明确
吴国新[18]中国脑卒中96卫生人力院内时间:干预组短29.68分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低16.67%;指南遵循率:干预组高50%;患者满意率:干预组高12.5%不明确
吴梦琪[19]中国心梗患者80卫生人力院前时间:干预组短68.7分钟;并发症发生率:干预组低5%;患者满意度:干预组高5%不明确
谢丽芬[20]中国脑挫伤患者124混合型院前时间:干预组短19.5分钟;住院时长:干预组短12.77分钟;并发症发生率:干预组低14.52%;死亡率:干预组低9.68%;患者满意度:干预组高17.74%高风险
翟春丽[21]中国急性脑梗死患者180信息院内时间:干预组短26.36分钟不明确
赵润梅[22]中国患者100混合型患者满意度:干预组高17.90分不明确
赵静[23]中国患者100信息院内时间:干预组短10.72分钟;死亡率:干预组低14%;患者满意度:干预组高9分不明确
祝叶芳[24]中国患者68混合型院前时间:干预组短9.42分钟;患者满意度:干预组高17.65%不明确
Hasselbalch[25]丹麦患者45 347技术死亡率:干预组低0.01%低风险
Inokuchi[26]日本患者526信息住院时长:两组无差异;院内时间:干预组短25.8分钟不明确
Mahler[27]美国ACS患者282技术住院时长:干预组短0.22小时;再入院率:干预组低5.67%不明确
), ArticleFig(id=1241102753116771195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102744044491082, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入文献国家研究对象样本量投入因素组间比较偏倚风险
包悦[9]中国急性脑梗死患者98混合型院内时间:干预组短24.2分钟;]]生活能力评分:干预组高16.2分不明确
常秋菊[10]中国患者160混合型院内时间:干预组短82分钟;患者满意度:干预组高12.5%高风险
陈春花[11]中国创伤患者106混合型院内时间:干预组短15.55分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低3.8%;死亡率:干预组低17%高风险
陈庆博[12]中国急性颅脑损伤患者164混合型院内时间:干预组短28.3分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低12.20%;死亡率:干预组低6.10%;患者满意度: 干预组高1.67分不明确
冯燕[13]中国脑挫伤72信息院前时间:干预组短19.87分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高7.26分;并发症发生率:干预组低22.22%不明确
林彩玲[14]中国心梗患者90卫生人力院前时间:干预组短19.64分钟;院内时间:干预组短79.8分钟;住院时长:干预组短4.67小时;再入院率:干预组低20%;并发症发生率:干预组低28.89%;生活能力评分:干预组高22.22%不明确
刘艳芹[15]中国脑卒中患者150技术院前时间:干预组短5.29分钟;院内时间:干预组短66.88分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高0.62分不明确
罗劲[16]中国心梗患者130卫生人力院内时间:干预组短28.15分钟;患者满意度:干预组高15.38%不明确
王芳[17]中国急性脑梗死患者120卫生人力院内时间:干预组短11.26分钟;生活能力评分:干预组高6.48分;患者满意度:干预组高13.33%不明确
吴国新[18]中国脑卒中96卫生人力院内时间:干预组短29.68分钟;不良事件发生率:干预组低16.67%;指南遵循率:干预组高50%;患者满意率:干预组高12.5%不明确
吴梦琪[19]中国心梗患者80卫生人力院前时间:干预组短68.7分钟;并发症发生率:干预组低5%;患者满意度:干预组高5%不明确
谢丽芬[20]中国脑挫伤患者124混合型院前时间:干预组短19.5分钟;住院时长:干预组短12.77分钟;并发症发生率:干预组低14.52%;死亡率:干预组低9.68%;患者满意度:干预组高17.74%高风险
翟春丽[21]中国急性脑梗死患者180信息院内时间:干预组短26.36分钟不明确
赵润梅[22]中国患者100混合型患者满意度:干预组高17.90分不明确
赵静[23]中国患者100信息院内时间:干预组短10.72分钟;死亡率:干预组低14%;患者满意度:干预组高9分不明确
祝叶芳[24]中国患者68混合型院前时间:干预组短9.42分钟;患者满意度:干预组高17.65%不明确
Hasselbalch[25]丹麦患者45 347技术死亡率:干预组低0.01%低风险
Inokuchi[26]日本患者526信息住院时长:两组无差异;院内时间:干预组短25.8分钟不明确
Mahler[27]美国ACS患者282技术住院时长:干预组短0.22小时;再入院率:干预组低5.67%不明确
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提高急救医疗服务纵向衔接的干预及效果:基于随机对照研究的系统综述
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麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明 1 , 袁蓓蓓 2 , 李佳 2 , 黄可沛 1 , 金音子 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(14): 2593-2597
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(14): 2593-2597
提高急救医疗服务纵向衔接的干预及效果:基于随机对照研究的系统综述
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麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明1, 袁蓓蓓2, 李佳2, 黄可沛1, 金音子1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系,北京 100191
  • 2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
  • 3.北京大学全球健康发展研究院
  • 麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明(1996-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:急救医疗体系优化

通讯作者:

金音子,E-mail:
Effectiveness of interventions to improve sequential coordination of care in emergency medical services: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies
MAIMAITIMING Mailikezhati1, Bei-bei YUAN2, Jia LI2, Ke-pei HUANG1, Yin-zi JIN1, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403459
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目的

系统总结提高急救医疗服务协调性的随机对照干预研究,以不同场景下实现急救医疗服务无缝衔接的纵向干预为主要关注点,为急救医疗体系衔接优化提供首份循证依据。

方法

采用关键词和主题检索的方式,计算机检索Embase、PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库等八个中英文数据库中的相关文献,对纳入文献进行筛选和质量评价,以救治时间、患者结局、满意度作为评价指标,分别分析干预措施的效果。

结果

最终纳入文献19篇。纵向干预最多可缩短院前时间68.7分钟,院内时间79.8分钟,不良事件发生率可降低3.8%~16.7%。患者的再入院率、死亡率和并发症发生率最大分别可降低20%、17%、28.9%。干预组的患者生活能力和满意度均高于对照组。

结论

急救医疗服务协调性干预在缩短救治时间、改善患者结局方面均有积极作用。鉴于现有证据的研究质量,研究地点局限于少数国家,且部分研究样本量较少,未来研究应注重研究设计的严谨性和结果报告的完整性,增加相关干预措施的有效性和可行性。

急救医疗体系  /  服务协调性  /  随机对照研究  /  系统综述
Objective

To systematically analyze randomized controlled trials (RCT) on improving the coordination of care in emergency medical services (EMS), and to mainly focus on sequential intervention that aimed to achieve seamless care between difference service settings, as well as to provide evidence-based suggestion for improving the integration of emergency medical system.

Methods

Using keyword and Mesh-term search, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database and other eight databases were searched to identify related studies, and then the interventions were confirmed by study screening and quality evaluation. Effectiveness of the interventions were assessed according to treatment time, patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Results

In total, 19 articles were included. Sequential intervention maximumly could shorten pre-hospital time and in-hospital time by 68.7 minutes and 79.8 minutes, respectively. The incidence of adverse events could be reduced by from 3.8% to 16.7%. There were significant reductions in the rates of readmission (20%), mortality (17%) and complication (28.9%). The functional status and satisfaction of the patients in the intervention group were better than that in the control group.

Conclusion

Interventions aiming to improve coordination of care in EMS play a positive role in shortening treatment time and improving patient outcome. Given the quality of the included studies, study locations and study sample, future studies should pay more attention to the rigorousness of their study design and the completeness of their outcome report.

Emergency medical system  /  Coordination of Care  /  RCT  /  Systematic review
麦丽克扎提·麦麦提明, 袁蓓蓓, 李佳, 黄可沛, 金音子. 提高急救医疗服务纵向衔接的干预及效果:基于随机对照研究的系统综述. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2593 -2597 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403459
MAIMAITIMING Mailikezhati, Bei-bei YUAN, Jia LI, Ke-pei HUANG, Yin-zi JIN. Effectiveness of interventions to improve sequential coordination of care in emergency medical services: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2593 -2597 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403459
及时转运患者、准确交换信息、提供高质量服务是急救医疗服务各个环节的要点,是保证急救医疗体系有效衔接的重要前提。然而在医疗实践中,由于环境因素、设备故障、技术欠缺、缺乏合作等原因,造成“碎片化护理”(Fragmented Care),医疗卫生机构之间缺乏有效合作,医务人员之间缺乏有效沟通[1],导致临床事件中不可避免地出现信息丢失、重复诊断、救治延迟等现象,使得急救医疗服务效果大大降低[2-4]。在我国院前院内衔接机制不顺畅造成急救医疗服务出现碎片化护理的主要原因,院前急救人员缺乏危险分级调度技能,也无法获得医院信息、将患者指挥调度到适宜医院;院前急救人员与院内救治医生缺乏信息沟通使得医院不能在患者到达前完成必要准备,导致患者不能第一时间接受治疗[5]。因此,如何优化不同场景间(如病发现场到医院)的纵向衔接,实现医疗服务和责任的无缝隙转接已然成为提高我国急救医疗服务质量的关键所在。
服务协调性(Coordinationof Care),指的是医疗卫生服务提供者之间进行积极主动的合作,满足患者需求,确保患者在不同场景中均可获得整合的、以人为本的医疗卫生服务[6]。结合急救医疗服务的特点及现存问题,基于服务协调性的定义,提高服务协调性是提升急救医疗体系纵向衔接的先决条件,识别和评价有效的干预措施对提升急救医疗服务协调性至关重要。鉴于随机对照试验的严谨性和证据可靠性,本文将通过系统综述,对国内外相关随机对照研究进行归纳总结,从多维度对现有证据进行科学评价,概括提高急救医疗服务协调性的有效干预,并分析其在临床实践中应用的可行性,以期为急救医疗服务纵向衔接优化提供循证依据。
计算机检索Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、MEDLINE、Embase、Web of Science、PubMed、ProQuest Dissertations and Theses、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库等八个数据库,时间为从建库至2022年6月。此外,对所有纳入研究的参考文献进行了手动检索。
经多轮专家论证,最终确定各个数据库检索策略,主要采取主题词结合自由词的方式。中文检索词为“(患者交接+病人交接+患者转运+病人转运+转诊+会诊医疗团队+医护团队+医院应急团队+医疗计划+医护计划+治疗计划+医疗协作+医疗合作+医疗协调+跨部门协作+跨部门合作+跨部门协调+跨学科交流+医疗连续性+医护连续性+医疗管理+医护管理+资源管理+信息传递+信息传输+信息交流+信息共享+数据传递+数据传输+数据交流+数据共享) and (急救+急诊+创伤) and (对照)”。英文数据库检索式相对复杂,检索词主要包括但不限于“Patient Handoff、Patient Transfer、Referral and Consultation、Continuity of Patient Care” AND “Emergency Medical Services、emergency medical care、emergency services” AND “Seamless Care、Shared Care、Information Transfer、Information Exchange” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial、RCT”。
参考世界卫生组织医疗服务协调性框架[6],可以将服务协调性干预分为纵向干预、横向干预和混合干预。本研究聚焦纵向干预,即在不同场景中实现医疗服务和责任的无缝隙转接的干预措施,如从病发现场到医院的全过程护理路径的优化,探讨纵向干预在急救医疗服务中的应用及效果。
为分析干预措施的作用机制,根据干预措施的投入因素(即卫生系统促进因素,Health System Supporting Enablers),将其进一步分为四种类型:卫生人力、信息、技术和混合型。卫生人力干预直接作用于医务人员,如业务培训、组建团队等;信息干预通过规范化服务路径,加强不同部门或人员间的信息交流,如标准化患者交接单、急救绿色通道等;技术干预的重点是运用特定技术手段,如网络信息平台;混合型干预可包含上述两种及以上干预特点。
本系统综述主要纳入了随机对照试验(Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT),对纳入文献的发表状态和写作语言未做限定。纳入标准:(1)研究对象需为以下任意其一:a. 急危重症患者,如创伤、急性心血管疾病、急性呼吸系统疾病;b. 急救医疗服务提供者,可为个人或团队,如医生、护士、联络工作者、救护车调度员、旁观者等;c.医疗系统,如管理系统、医疗卫生机构(如急诊科、急救站、初级医疗保健中心等)。(2)干预措施需以信息共享为导向,具备以下特征之一:a.涉及不同场景,如病发现场、救护车、急诊科;b. 涉及同一场景中的不同学科,如院内的不同科室;c. 涉及同一学科中的不同人员,如急诊科医生和护士。(3)干预类型为纵向干预。(4)研究结果需包含本系统综述拟评估的结果指标。
排除标准:(1)研究类型为非RCT,或综述、病例报告、新闻报道等;(2)干预结果描述不清晰;(3)重复文献;(4)无全文、信息不全或无法提取数据。
文献筛选过程分为两个步骤,首先阅读文献标题和摘要,识别可能相关的文献,其次按照纳入和排除标准阅读全文,确定最终纳入文献。选择Covidence(https://www.covidence.org)作为筛选工具,若出现异议,与其他研究人员协商,讨论一致后确定结果。
根据前期文献阅读,初步确定服务协调性干预的评估指标,包括(1)主要结局:院前时间、院内时间、不良事件发生率、并发症发生率、患者生活功能评分、再入院率、死亡率;(2)次要结局:患者满意度和医务人员满意度。
本系统综述遵循Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) 标准数据收集表[7],提取纳入文献:(1)关键信息:第一作者、国家、发表时间;(2)研究方法:研究设计、研究场景、研究时间、随访时间等;(3)研究对象:数量、年龄、性别、种族、教育水平、疾病种类、纳排标准等;(4)干预方式:具体内容、作用机制等;(5)结局指标:本综述拟评估的上述结果指标;(6)测量工具。
通过Cochrane偏倚风险评价工具[8]对纳入RCT进行评价。评价领域主要包括随机化序列的产生、分配隐藏、研究者和受试者盲法、结果测量偏倚、结果数据缺失偏倚、结果选择性报告偏倚和其他偏倚[8]。每个领域的偏倚风险可分为三个等级:“低风险”、“高风险”、“不明确风险”。如果所有领域的偏倚风险评价结果都是“低风险”,那么整体偏倚风险为“低风险”;如果有的领域的偏倚风险评价结果为“不明确风险”且不存在“高风险”领域,那么整体偏倚风险为“不明确风险”;只要有一个领域偏倚风险评价结果是“高风险”,那么整体偏倚风险就是“高风险”[8]
共检索到文献16 661篇,通过参考文献增补3篇相关文献,共计16 664篇。将文献导入Covidence,排除重复文献后得到13 238篇。对文章题目及摘要进行初筛,得到341篇文献。通过阅读全文,根据纳入和排除标准进行复筛,得到文献19篇,经研究质量评价分析,最终纳入19篇[9-27]。其中中文文献16篇,英文文献3篇,文献筛选流程见图1
纳入文献中,18篇(95%)研究类型为个体RCT,其余1篇(5%)为整群RCT,样本量共46 473例。3篇(16%)文献未报告研究持续时间,其余研究的持续时间从2个月到24个月不等。根据研究质量评价等级结果,仅有1篇文献为“低风险”,3篇为“高风险”,其余15篇被评为“不明确风险”。文献的基本特征见表1
19篇研究均以急诊科患者为研究对象,涉及急性心肌梗死、急性颅脑损伤、脑卒中、急性创伤等常见急危疾病。关于研究地点,16篇(84%)研究在中国进行,其余3篇分别来自美国、日本和丹麦。
关于纵向干预投入因素,以混合型(37%)为主,其次为卫生人力(26%)、信息(21%)和技术(16%)。
根据报告结果,大部分纵向干预研究表明,干预组的结局指标优于对照组。纵向干预可显著缩短院前时间和院内时间,院前时间最大可缩短68.7分钟,院内时间则79.8分钟。3项研究报告了不良事件发生率,干预组的不良事件发生率比对照组低3.8%~16.7%。研究显示,纵向干预能降低患者再入院率,降幅最大可达到20%。5项报告患者死亡率的研究均显示干预组的死亡率比对照组低0.01%~17%。
纳入文献中,4项研究报告了并发症发生率,结果显示干预组的并发症发生率比对照组低5%~28.9%。患者生活能力多用量表来衡量,干预组的患者生活能力评分普遍高于观察组。10项研究报告了患者满意度,结果均显示干预组的患者满意度高于对照组。然而目前没有纵向干预研究报告医务人员满意度。
实施有效的服务协调性措施,有利于避免急救医疗服务的碎片化,确保急救医疗资源的高效利用,从而改善急危重症患者的临床结局。本系统综述以证据强度最高的RCT为纳入文献,对综合复杂的干预措施进行分类,聚焦纵向干预,逐一归纳对各种临床结局的效果,进一步以卫生系统促进因素作为作用切入点,分析卫生人力、技术、信息等体系因素在提高服务协调性中的关键作用,为急救医疗服体系衔接优化提供首份循证依据。
纵向干预倾向于以混合因素为作用对象,最常见的干预方式是成立跨学科救治团队,开展系统化培训,应用网络技术实现多方有效协作。为了实现不同场景下的医疗服务和责任的无缝隙转接,卫生人力是纵向干预必不可少的重要投入点。卫生人力型纵向干预通过组建多学科急救小组,制定标准化管理制度和救治流程,将各个环节涉及的工作职责明确到具体人员,促进医务人员之间的有效沟通,强化不同机构或部门联合协作。值得注意的是,目前质量管理体系中常用的PDCA管理理念,也可以应用于急救医疗服务,有效缩短院内救治时间[11]。临床决策辅助工具是提高服务协调性的常见技术手段。Hasselbalch等比较传统分诊模式与基于风险预测的哥本哈根分诊算法(Copenhagen Triage Algorithm, CTA)[25],研究发现CTA在预测死亡风险方面更有优势,可以替代繁琐的分诊模式,减少医疗卫生资源的浪费。此外,Mahler等研究得出HEART护理路径对急救医疗服务衔接具有积极影响[27]。HEART护理路径借助标准化评分量表,对History(疾病史), ECG(心电图), Age(年龄), Risk factors(风险因素)和Troponin(肌钙蛋白检测)进行评分,帮助快速完成急性胸痛患者的危险分级,对减少再入院率具有显著效果。针对其他急危重症救治,也可以参考此模式,结合疾病特点制定结构化评分规则,快速识别高危患者,提高救治效果。
目前我国急救医疗体系衔接不畅主要由院前院内服务无法有效连接造成[5],纵向干预有利于促进不同场景下医疗服务的无缝转接,而纵向干预的重要作用切入点是卫生人力,应加强规范化专业培训,以模拟训练为辅助手段,提高医务人员的急救技能、急症规范化诊疗流程以及团队协作能力,明确各环节的主要责任人。此外,信息和技术手段仍是提高急救服务协调性的重要工具,数字化管理平台和标准化评估及沟通方案(如PDCA、CTA和HEART护理路径)均可帮助实现信息共享的有效性和及时性,避免救治延迟。尽管已有诸多最佳实践被充分总结,仍需要结合我国急救医疗体系特征,根据具体背景、结果目标以及患者类型,选择恰当的体系促进因素作为投入点设计干预方案,制定切实可行的实施路径,才能推动医疗服务体系高质量发展。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72274005)
  • 北京自然科学基金项目(9232009)
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403459
  • 接收时间:2024-03-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72274005)
北京自然科学基金项目(9232009)
作者信息
    1.北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系,北京 100191
    2.北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
    3.北京大学全球健康发展研究院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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