Article(id=1241102742027030810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404155, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712678400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831552272, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831552272, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831552272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831552272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2501, endPage=2506, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102742454849840, articleId=1241102742027030810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Spatial clustering analysis and influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2013-2020, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, spatial clustering, and influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence in Kashgar within three years after successful treatment to provide a scientific basis for tuberculosis recurrence management.

Methods

Taking the tuberculosis patients successfully treated in Kashgar from 2013 to 2020 as the research object, we observed the recurrence epidemic characteristics, conducted spatial analysis to understand the recurrence clustering, and used the Cox regression model to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Among the 104 899 objects,14 180 experienced recurrences within three years, with a cumulative recurrence rate of 13.52%. Spatial analysis showed a positive spatial correlation of tuberculosis recurrence, with recurrence hotspots mainly concentrated in Shache, Yingjisha, and Bachu counties. The Cox model showed that male (aHR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.118-1.195), Uyghur (aHR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.786-2.681), 45-<60 age groups (aHR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.061-2.507) and ≥60 age groups (aHR=1.782, 95%CI: 1.160-2.738), farmers and herdsmen (aHR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.039-1.173), re-treatment (aHR=1.086, 95%CI: 1.036-1.138), positive aetiology result (aHR=1.377, 95%CI: 1.324-1.432), positive sputum smear after two months of treatment (aHR=1.699, 95%CI: 1.501-1.924), total delay ≥30 days (aHR=1.129, 95%CI: 1.088-1.171) and living in hotspots (aHR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.413-1.530) were independent risk factors for recurrence after successful treatment.

Conclusion

Priority should be given to improving the monitoring and management of patients in hotspot regions and those at high risk of relapse after treatment to ensure early detection of TB relapse and standardized care.

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目的

分析喀什地区结核病患者成功治疗后三年内复发流行特征、空间聚集性及影响因素,为防治结核病复发提供依据。

方法

以喀什地区2013—2020年登记且治疗成功的结核患者为研究对象,观察其完成治疗后三年内复发流行情况;采用空间统计分析,了解结核病复发率的空间聚集性;通过 Cox 比例风险回归模型探讨复发影响因素。

结果

104 899例成功治疗结核病患者中,三年累积复发14 180例,三年累积复发率13.52%;空间分析结果显示,喀什地区结核病复发存在空间正自相关,复发热点乡镇主要集中在莎车县、英吉沙县和巴楚县;Cox 比例风险回归模型显示,男性(aHR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.118~1.195)、维吾尔族(aHR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.786~2.681)、年龄段为45~<60岁组(aHR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.061~2.507)和≥60岁组(aHR=1.782, 95%CI:1.160~2.738)、农牧民(aHR=1.104, 95%CI:1.039~1.173)、复治(aHR=1.086, 95%CI:1.036~1.138)、诊断结果为病原学阳性(aHR=1.377, 95%CI:1.324~1.432)、治疗两个月末痰涂片阳性(aHR=1.699, 95%CI:1.501~1.924)、总延迟≥30天(aHR=1.129, 95%CI:1.088~1.171)、现居地为热点地区(aHR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.413~1.530)是结核患者成功治疗后三年内出现复发的独立危险因素。

结论

应重点加强对复发热点地区患者及复发高风险患者疗程结束后的监测,以便早期识别结核病复发并进行规范化管理。

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向阳,E-mail:
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买日哈巴·卡米力(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学

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买日哈巴·卡米力(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=空间自相关), Keyword(id=1241102748989575846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=热点分析), Keyword(id=1241102749069267632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=Cox 比例风险回归模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1241102750994453325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=393, issue=10181, pageStart=1642, pageEnd=1656, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Furin J, Cox H, Pai M, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. 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PLOS One, 2015, 10(4): e0125403., articleTitle=Month 2 culture status and treatment duration as predictors of recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis: model validation and update, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102750570828599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, awardId=SKL-HIDCA-2020-ER5, language=CN, fundingSource=省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题(SKL-HIDCA-2020-ER5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102750684074811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, awardId=81860589, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81860589), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102744623305098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744635888012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, companyId=1241102744623305098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744644276621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, companyId=1241102744623305098, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102744749134232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744753328537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, companyId=1241102744749134232, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102749237039807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Annual distribution of TB cases successfully treated and their recurrence, figureFileSmall=JzjeN4oG3pBvWXeX2G+mpA==, figureFileBig=UvTvd02C2Jg7RDj8uB8oGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102749312537291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各年份成功治疗TB患者数及复发情况, figureFileSmall=JzjeN4oG3pBvWXeX2G+mpA==, figureFileBig=UvTvd02C2Jg7RDj8uB8oGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102749564195560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Local spatial autocorrelation analysis of recurrence rate in successfully treated TB patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚集类型所属县市乡镇
高-高聚集莎车县、巴楚县、英吉沙县恰尔巴格乡、阿克萨克玛热勒乡、阿纳库勒乡、克孜勒乡、乌恰镇、龙甫乡、阿尔斯兰巴格乡、伊什库力乡、塔尕尔其乡、英吾斯塘乡、米夏乡(莎车县)、孜热甫夏提塔吉克族乡、艾力西湖镇、乌达力克乡、荒地镇、托木吾斯塘乡、亚喀艾日克乡、恰热克镇、阔什艾日克乡、阿瓦提镇(莎车县)、古勒巴格乡、阿热勒乡、拍克其乡、苏盖提乡
高-低聚集叶城县、喀什市加依提勒克乡、乃则尔巴格镇
低-低聚集喀什市、伽师县、疏附县、岳普湖县、叶城县、疏勒县夏普吐勒镇、江巴孜乡、英买里乡、米夏乡(伽师县)、萨依巴格乡、恰萨美其特乡、伯西热克乡、宗朗乡、依提木孔乡、喀格勒克镇、铁提乡、吐古其乡、吾斯塘博依街道、多来特巴格乡(喀什市)、夏马勒巴格镇、库木德尔瓦扎街道、阿其克乡、阿拉力乡、牙甫泉镇、库木西力克乡、英尔力克乡、英阿瓦提乡、罕南力克镇、塔孜洪乡、洋大曼乡、铁日木乡
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749677441779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

成功治疗TB患者复发率的局部空间自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚集类型所属县市乡镇
高-高聚集莎车县、巴楚县、英吉沙县恰尔巴格乡、阿克萨克玛热勒乡、阿纳库勒乡、克孜勒乡、乌恰镇、龙甫乡、阿尔斯兰巴格乡、伊什库力乡、塔尕尔其乡、英吾斯塘乡、米夏乡(莎车县)、孜热甫夏提塔吉克族乡、艾力西湖镇、乌达力克乡、荒地镇、托木吾斯塘乡、亚喀艾日克乡、恰热克镇、阔什艾日克乡、阿瓦提镇(莎车县)、古勒巴格乡、阿热勒乡、拍克其乡、苏盖提乡
高-低聚集叶城县、喀什市加依提勒克乡、乃则尔巴格镇
低-低聚集喀什市、伽师县、疏附县、岳普湖县、叶城县、疏勒县夏普吐勒镇、江巴孜乡、英买里乡、米夏乡(伽师县)、萨依巴格乡、恰萨美其特乡、伯西热克乡、宗朗乡、依提木孔乡、喀格勒克镇、铁提乡、吐古其乡、吾斯塘博依街道、多来特巴格乡(喀什市)、夏马勒巴格镇、库木德尔瓦扎街道、阿其克乡、阿拉力乡、牙甫泉镇、库木西力克乡、英尔力克乡、英阿瓦提乡、罕南力克镇、塔孜洪乡、洋大曼乡、铁日木乡
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749782299388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Hotspots analysis of recurrence rate in successfully treated TB patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷热点所属县市乡镇
热点(99%CI莎车县、英吉沙县拍克其乡、阿瓦提镇(莎车县)、恰热克镇、托木吾斯塘乡、乌达力克乡、艾力西湖镇、孜热甫夏提塔吉克族乡、塔尕尔其乡、伊什库力乡、克孜勒乡
热点(95%CI莎车县、英吉沙县、巴楚县阿热勒乡、古勒巴格乡、阔什艾日克乡、亚喀艾日克乡、荒地镇、米夏乡、英吾斯塘乡、阿尔斯兰巴格乡、依格孜也尔乡、龙甫乡、阿克萨克玛热勒乡、恰尔巴格乡、夏马勒乡、艾古斯乡
热点(90%CI莎车县、英吉沙县、巴楚县墩巴格乡、阿扎特巴格乡、托普鲁克乡、苏盖提乡、乌恰镇、阿纳库勒乡、多来提巴格乡、恰尔巴格乡
冷点(90%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县、伽师县、麦盖提县巴仁乡(疏勒县)、乃则尔巴格镇、恰萨街道、吐古其乡、宗朗乡、加依提勒克乡、巴仁乡(叶城县)、柯克亚乡、萨依巴格乡、巴仁镇、夏普吐勒镇、麦盖提镇、库木库萨尔乡
冷点(95%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县、伽师县、岳普湖县洋大曼乡、罕南力克镇、英阿瓦提乡、库木西力克乡、牙甫泉镇、阿拉力乡、阿其克乡、夏马勒巴格镇、吾斯塘博依街道、喀格勒克镇、恰萨美其特乡、米夏乡(伽师县)、英买里乡、江巴孜乡、伯西热克乡、铁日木乡
冷点(99%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县塔孜洪乡、英尔力克乡、库木德尔瓦扎街道、铁提乡、依提木孔乡
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749882962695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

成功治疗TB患者复发率的热点分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷热点所属县市乡镇
热点(99%CI莎车县、英吉沙县拍克其乡、阿瓦提镇(莎车县)、恰热克镇、托木吾斯塘乡、乌达力克乡、艾力西湖镇、孜热甫夏提塔吉克族乡、塔尕尔其乡、伊什库力乡、克孜勒乡
热点(95%CI莎车县、英吉沙县、巴楚县阿热勒乡、古勒巴格乡、阔什艾日克乡、亚喀艾日克乡、荒地镇、米夏乡、英吾斯塘乡、阿尔斯兰巴格乡、依格孜也尔乡、龙甫乡、阿克萨克玛热勒乡、恰尔巴格乡、夏马勒乡、艾古斯乡
热点(90%CI莎车县、英吉沙县、巴楚县墩巴格乡、阿扎特巴格乡、托普鲁克乡、苏盖提乡、乌恰镇、阿纳库勒乡、多来提巴格乡、恰尔巴格乡
冷点(90%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县、伽师县、麦盖提县巴仁乡(疏勒县)、乃则尔巴格镇、恰萨街道、吐古其乡、宗朗乡、加依提勒克乡、巴仁乡(叶城县)、柯克亚乡、萨依巴格乡、巴仁镇、夏普吐勒镇、麦盖提镇、库木库萨尔乡
冷点(95%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县、伽师县、岳普湖县洋大曼乡、罕南力克镇、英阿瓦提乡、库木西力克乡、牙甫泉镇、阿拉力乡、阿其克乡、夏马勒巴格镇、吾斯塘博依街道、喀格勒克镇、恰萨美其特乡、米夏乡(伽师县)、英买里乡、江巴孜乡、伯西热克乡、铁日木乡
冷点(99%CI疏勒县、喀什市、叶城县塔孜洪乡、英尔力克乡、库木德尔瓦扎街道、铁提乡、依提木孔乡
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749987820305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate Cox regression analysis on risk factors for TB recurrence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总数复发未复发HR(95%CIP
性别
52 2176 67445 5431.000
52 6827 50645 1761.128(1.091~1.166)<0.001
年龄组(岁)
0~<15334233111.000
15~<308 5618077 7541.387(0.916~2.099)0.122
30~<4510 5771 1459 4321.602(1.060~2.421)0.025
45~<6022 8913 11419 7772.033(1.349~3.064)0.001
≥6062 5369 09153 4452.179(1.447~3.280)<0.001
民族
汉族1 574951 4791.000
维吾尔族102 82214 15888 6642.355(1.925~2.881)<0.001
其他503554481.839(1.320~2.564)<0.001
职业
家务、待业或离退人员10 1651 1948 9711.000
农牧民90 71712 69478 0231.205(1.135~1.278)<0.001
学生或教师2 0781461 9320.587(0.494~0.697)<0.001
干部职员668526160.647(0.490~0.853)0.002
工人、民工450344160.630(0.448~0.886)0.008
其他821607610.610(0.471~0.790)<0.001
治疗类型
初治89 86411 93277 9321.000
复治15 0352 24812 7871.149(1.099~1.202)<0.001
诊断结果
病原学阴性81 70810 41171 2971.000
病原学阳性22 1893 73618 4531.371(1.320~1.423)<0.001
单纯结核性胸膜炎917278900.221(0.151~0.322)<0.001
无结果或肺外结核856790.549(0.247~1.223)0.142
患者来源
转诊与追踪39 7535 61134 1421.000
直接就诊与推介24 9874 25320 7341.222(1.175~1.272)<0.001
主动筛查与健康体检39 3204 22935 0910.753(0.723~0.783)<0.001
其他839877520.719(0.582~0.889)0.002
两个月末痰涂片
涂阴95 75812 91182 8471.000
涂阳1 0002667342.169(1.921~2.449)<0.001
未查或无结果8 1411 0037 1380.913(0.857~0.974)0.006
总延误(天)
<3045 4415 39340 0481.000
≥3059 4588 78750 6711.268(1.226~1.312)<0.001
热点地区
24 0864 34519 7411.000
80 8139 83570 9781.537(1.483~1.593)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102750117843738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复发影响因素的单因素 Cox 回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总数复发未复发HR(95%CIP
性别
52 2176 67445 5431.000
52 6827 50645 1761.128(1.091~1.166)<0.001
年龄组(岁)
0~<15334233111.000
15~<308 5618077 7541.387(0.916~2.099)0.122
30~<4510 5771 1459 4321.602(1.060~2.421)0.025
45~<6022 8913 11419 7772.033(1.349~3.064)0.001
≥6062 5369 09153 4452.179(1.447~3.280)<0.001
民族
汉族1 574951 4791.000
维吾尔族102 82214 15888 6642.355(1.925~2.881)<0.001
其他503554481.839(1.320~2.564)<0.001
职业
家务、待业或离退人员10 1651 1948 9711.000
农牧民90 71712 69478 0231.205(1.135~1.278)<0.001
学生或教师2 0781461 9320.587(0.494~0.697)<0.001
干部职员668526160.647(0.490~0.853)0.002
工人、民工450344160.630(0.448~0.886)0.008
其他821607610.610(0.471~0.790)<0.001
治疗类型
初治89 86411 93277 9321.000
复治15 0352 24812 7871.149(1.099~1.202)<0.001
诊断结果
病原学阴性81 70810 41171 2971.000
病原学阳性22 1893 73618 4531.371(1.320~1.423)<0.001
单纯结核性胸膜炎917278900.221(0.151~0.322)<0.001
无结果或肺外结核856790.549(0.247~1.223)0.142
患者来源
转诊与追踪39 7535 61134 1421.000
直接就诊与推介24 9874 25320 7341.222(1.175~1.272)<0.001
主动筛查与健康体检39 3204 22935 0910.753(0.723~0.783)<0.001
其他839877520.719(0.582~0.889)0.002
两个月末痰涂片
涂阴95 75812 91182 8471.000
涂阳1 0002667342.169(1.921~2.449)<0.001
未查或无结果8 1411 0037 1380.913(0.857~0.974)0.006
总延误(天)
<3045 4415 39340 0481.000
≥3059 4588 78750 6711.268(1.226~1.312)<0.001
热点地区
24 0864 34519 7411.000
80 8139 83570 9781.537(1.483~1.593)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102750243672866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate Cox regression analysis on risk factors for TB recurrence

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变量βSEWald χ2PaHR(95%CI
性别(女性为参考)
0.1450.01771.812<0.0011.155(1.118~1.195)
年龄组(岁,0~<15为参考)
15~<300.1070.2190.2390.6251.113(0.725~1.710)
30~<450.2560.2201.3490.2451.292(0.839~1.990)
45~<600.4890.2194.9670.0261.631(1.061~2.507)
≥600.5780.2196.9490.0081.782(1.160~2.738)
民族(汉族为参考)
维吾尔族0.7820.10456.417<0.0012.186(1.783~2.681)
其他0.5360.1709.9400.0021.709(1.225~2.385)
职业(家务、待业或离退人员为参考)
农牧民0.0990.03110.1430.0011.104(1.039~1.173)
学生或教师-0.3190.09411.4970.0010.727(0.605~0.874)
干部职员-0.3530.1426.1710.0130.702(0.531~0.928)
工人、民工-0.2840.1752.6540.1030.753(0.535~1.059)
其他-0.3680.1337.6480.0060.692(0.533~0.898)
治疗类型(初治为参考)
复治0.0820.02411.9160.0011.086(1.036~1.138)
诊断结果(病原学阴性为参考)
病原学阳性0.3200.020251.221<0.0011.377(1.324~1.432)
单纯结核性胸膜炎-1.3290.19347.281<0.0010.265(0.181~0.387)
无病原学结果或肺外结核-0.3670.4090.8050.3700.693(0.311~1.544)
患者来源(转诊与追踪为参考)
直接就诊与推介0.2230.021118.094<0.0011.250(1.200~1.301)
主动筛查与健康体检-0.3740.021326.858<0.0010.688(0.660~0.716)
其他-0.1990.1093.3540.0670.819(0.662~1.014)
两个月末痰涂片(阴性为参考)
阳性0.5300.06369.931<0.0011.699(1.501~1.924)
无结果或未查痰-0.0770.0335.4080.0200.926(0.868~0.988)
总延迟(天,<30天为参考)
≥300.1210.01940.829<0.0011.129(1.088~1.171)
现住地为热点地区(否为参考)
0.3850.020363.044<0.0011.470(1.413~1.530)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102750390473516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102742027030810, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

复发影响因素的多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2PaHR(95%CI
性别(女性为参考)
0.1450.01771.812<0.0011.155(1.118~1.195)
年龄组(岁,0~<15为参考)
15~<300.1070.2190.2390.6251.113(0.725~1.710)
30~<450.2560.2201.3490.2451.292(0.839~1.990)
45~<600.4890.2194.9670.0261.631(1.061~2.507)
≥600.5780.2196.9490.0081.782(1.160~2.738)
民族(汉族为参考)
维吾尔族0.7820.10456.417<0.0012.186(1.783~2.681)
其他0.5360.1709.9400.0021.709(1.225~2.385)
职业(家务、待业或离退人员为参考)
农牧民0.0990.03110.1430.0011.104(1.039~1.173)
学生或教师-0.3190.09411.4970.0010.727(0.605~0.874)
干部职员-0.3530.1426.1710.0130.702(0.531~0.928)
工人、民工-0.2840.1752.6540.1030.753(0.535~1.059)
其他-0.3680.1337.6480.0060.692(0.533~0.898)
治疗类型(初治为参考)
复治0.0820.02411.9160.0011.086(1.036~1.138)
诊断结果(病原学阴性为参考)
病原学阳性0.3200.020251.221<0.0011.377(1.324~1.432)
单纯结核性胸膜炎-1.3290.19347.281<0.0010.265(0.181~0.387)
无病原学结果或肺外结核-0.3670.4090.8050.3700.693(0.311~1.544)
患者来源(转诊与追踪为参考)
直接就诊与推介0.2230.021118.094<0.0011.250(1.200~1.301)
主动筛查与健康体检-0.3740.021326.858<0.0010.688(0.660~0.716)
其他-0.1990.1093.3540.0670.819(0.662~1.014)
两个月末痰涂片(阴性为参考)
阳性0.5300.06369.931<0.0011.699(1.501~1.924)
无结果或未查痰-0.0770.0335.4080.0200.926(0.868~0.988)
总延迟(天,<30天为参考)
≥300.1210.01940.829<0.0011.129(1.088~1.171)
现住地为热点地区(否为参考)
0.3850.020363.044<0.0011.470(1.413~1.530)
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2013—2020年新疆喀什地区结核病患者复发的空间聚集性及影响因素分析
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买日哈巴·卡米力 1 , 买吾拉江·依马木 2 , 阿丽米热·阿不力米提 1 , 王雨薇 1 , 向阳 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(14): 2501-2506
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(14): 2501-2506
2013—2020年新疆喀什地区结核病患者复发的空间聚集性及影响因素分析
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买日哈巴·卡米力1, 买吾拉江·依马木2, 阿丽米热·阿不力米提1, 王雨薇1, 向阳1
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心
  • 买日哈巴·卡米力(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学

通讯作者:

向阳,E-mail:
Spatial clustering analysis and influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2013-2020
Mairihaba Kamili1, Maiwulajiang Yimamu2, Alimire Abulimiti1, Yu-wei WANG1, Yang XIANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404155
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目的

分析喀什地区结核病患者成功治疗后三年内复发流行特征、空间聚集性及影响因素,为防治结核病复发提供依据。

方法

以喀什地区2013—2020年登记且治疗成功的结核患者为研究对象,观察其完成治疗后三年内复发流行情况;采用空间统计分析,了解结核病复发率的空间聚集性;通过 Cox 比例风险回归模型探讨复发影响因素。

结果

104 899例成功治疗结核病患者中,三年累积复发14 180例,三年累积复发率13.52%;空间分析结果显示,喀什地区结核病复发存在空间正自相关,复发热点乡镇主要集中在莎车县、英吉沙县和巴楚县;Cox 比例风险回归模型显示,男性(aHR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.118~1.195)、维吾尔族(aHR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.786~2.681)、年龄段为45~<60岁组(aHR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.061~2.507)和≥60岁组(aHR=1.782, 95%CI:1.160~2.738)、农牧民(aHR=1.104, 95%CI:1.039~1.173)、复治(aHR=1.086, 95%CI:1.036~1.138)、诊断结果为病原学阳性(aHR=1.377, 95%CI:1.324~1.432)、治疗两个月末痰涂片阳性(aHR=1.699, 95%CI:1.501~1.924)、总延迟≥30天(aHR=1.129, 95%CI:1.088~1.171)、现居地为热点地区(aHR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.413~1.530)是结核患者成功治疗后三年内出现复发的独立危险因素。

结论

应重点加强对复发热点地区患者及复发高风险患者疗程结束后的监测,以便早期识别结核病复发并进行规范化管理。

复发  /  空间自相关  /  热点分析  /  Cox 比例风险回归模型
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, spatial clustering, and influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence in Kashgar within three years after successful treatment to provide a scientific basis for tuberculosis recurrence management.

Methods

Taking the tuberculosis patients successfully treated in Kashgar from 2013 to 2020 as the research object, we observed the recurrence epidemic characteristics, conducted spatial analysis to understand the recurrence clustering, and used the Cox regression model to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Among the 104 899 objects,14 180 experienced recurrences within three years, with a cumulative recurrence rate of 13.52%. Spatial analysis showed a positive spatial correlation of tuberculosis recurrence, with recurrence hotspots mainly concentrated in Shache, Yingjisha, and Bachu counties. The Cox model showed that male (aHR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.118-1.195), Uyghur (aHR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.786-2.681), 45-<60 age groups (aHR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.061-2.507) and ≥60 age groups (aHR=1.782, 95%CI: 1.160-2.738), farmers and herdsmen (aHR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.039-1.173), re-treatment (aHR=1.086, 95%CI: 1.036-1.138), positive aetiology result (aHR=1.377, 95%CI: 1.324-1.432), positive sputum smear after two months of treatment (aHR=1.699, 95%CI: 1.501-1.924), total delay ≥30 days (aHR=1.129, 95%CI: 1.088-1.171) and living in hotspots (aHR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.413-1.530) were independent risk factors for recurrence after successful treatment.

Conclusion

Priority should be given to improving the monitoring and management of patients in hotspot regions and those at high risk of relapse after treatment to ensure early detection of TB relapse and standardized care.

Recurrence  /  Spatial autocorrelation  /  Hotspot analysis  /  Cox proportional hazard model
买日哈巴·卡米力, 买吾拉江·依马木, 阿丽米热·阿不力米提, 王雨薇, 向阳. 2013—2020年新疆喀什地区结核病患者复发的空间聚集性及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2501 -2506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404155
Mairihaba Kamili, Maiwulajiang Yimamu, Alimire Abulimiti, Yu-wei WANG, Yang XIANG. Spatial clustering analysis and influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2013-2020[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2501 -2506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404155
结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的慢性呼吸道传染性疾病[1]。我国是全球第三大结核病高负担国家,新疆喀什地区结核病负担始终位于全国前列,据文献报道,2011—2020年喀什地区肺结核年均登记报告发病率为451.29/10万[2],约为全国水平的7.2倍[3]。一项研究表明,喀什地区初治治疗成功肺结核患者三年累积复发率高达12.36%,远高于我国其他地区[4]。复发后的结核病患者耐药率高、病情严重,容易造成疾病的疾病迁延难愈和进一步扩散[5-6],预防和控制结核病复发对实现喀什地区“终止结核病流行”目标进程有重要意义。
本研究通过分析2013—2020年喀什地区结核病患者成功治疗后三年内复发流行特征、空间聚集性及影响因素,为明确结核病复发高危险因素及制定区域化防控策略提供参考。
结核病患者资料来源于《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》子系统《结核病管理信息系统》。
“复发”是指曾接受过抗结核治疗,且最近疗程结束时被宣布为“治愈”或 “完成疗程”,但一段时间后又被诊断为结核病,本研究定义未来三年内出现再次登记的患者为复发患者,再次登记时间为复发时间。 “成功治疗”包括“治愈”和“完成治疗”[8]。“累计复发率”是指通过寿命表计算的累积复发概率,等于1减去患者在时间排序上未复发的概率连续乘积[9]
将喀什地区所有(12个)县市2013—2020年登记且治疗转归结果为治疗成功的结核病患者作为研究对象。排除信息错误或缺失、现住地不详、现住地非本辖区的患者。因数据经管理人员匿名化处理,本研究不涉及伦理审查和知情同意。
采用Excel 2016对数据进行整理。采用 Cox 比例风险回归模型(Cox 回归)对各变量进行单因素分析,评价风险比 (hazard ratio, HR)和95%置信区间 (confidence intervals, CI) ,通过 Schoenfeld 残差图检验判断变量是否符合比例风险假定,将符合假定且单因素分析差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素 Cox 回归分析,以调整后的风险比 (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR) 进行评价。
采用 ArcGIS 10.3 软件进行空间统计分析。对喀什地区11个县市(去除塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县,简称塔县)成功治疗结核病患者三年累积复发率数据以乡镇(街道)为单位,首先进行全局空间自相关分析,选择统计量 Moran’s I指数判断结核复发率是否存在空间聚集。之后通过局部自相关 LISA 统计量进行局部自相关分析,进一步获得具体的复发聚集地点和聚集模式。最后进行全局热点分析,明确复发的“冷点”及“热点”区域。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入104 899例成功治疗结核病患者作为研究对象,其中14 180例患者在三年内复发,三年累积复发率为13.52%。
14 180例复发患者以男性(占52.93%)、≥60岁老年人(占64.11%)、维吾尔族(占99.84%)、农牧民(占89.52%)为主;男性三年累积复发率为14.25%,高于女性的12.78%;≥45岁者三年累积复发率为14.29%,高于其他年龄者的10.14%;维吾尔族三年累积复发率为13.64%,高于其他民族的7.22%;农牧民三年累积复发率为13.99%,高于其他职业者的10.48%。
14 180例复发患者中,1年内出现复发的患者占40.52%(5 746/14 180),1~2年出现复发的患者占36.27%(5 143/14 180),2~3年内出现复发的患者占23.21%(3 291/14 180)。三年累积复发率随年份的增长总体呈现先上升后下降趋势,其中2017年的患者三年累积复发率最高,为24.93%,见图1
喀什地区12个县市均存在结核病复发。三年累积复发患者数居前三位的地区有莎车县(22 775例)、叶城县(12 461例)和英吉沙县(11 602例),最低的地区是塔县(222例);三年累积复发率居前三位的地区有莎车县(17.86%)、巴楚县(16.33%)、英吉沙县(15.66%),最低的地区是塔县(8.11%)。
经去除缺乏结核信息或结核信息已合并入其他乡镇的地区,最终纳入11个县市156个乡镇(街道)的三年累积复发率数据进行空间统计分析。
结果显示,2013—2020年喀什地区成功治疗结核病患者三年累积复发率在乡镇(街道)级尺度上呈现空间正相关(Moran’ s I=0.434, Z=8.549, P<0.001),提示总体上存在空间聚集性。
结果显示,2013—2020年喀什地区成功治疗结核病患者三年累积复发率总体上表现出高-高聚集(24个)、低-低聚集(26个)、高-低聚集(2个)三种聚集模式。其中高-高聚集乡镇(或街道)主要集中在莎车县、巴楚县、英吉沙县,低-低聚集乡镇(或街道)主要集中在喀什市、伽师县、疏附县、岳普湖县、叶城县、疏勒县,见表1
结果显示,2013—2020年喀什地区成功治疗结核病患者复发的热点(99%CI)乡镇(或街道)主要集中在莎车县(9个)和英吉沙县(1个),冷点(99%CI)乡镇(或街道)主要集中在疏勒县(2个)、喀什市(1个)和叶城县(2个),见表2
结果显示:男性、年龄(30~<45、45~<60和≥60组)、民族(维吾尔族和其他民族)、农牧民、复治、病原学阳性、来源于直接就诊与推介、治疗两个月末痰涂片阳性、总延误≥30天、现住地为热点地区的结核病患者复发比例均相对较高(P<0.05),见表3
结果显示,性别为男性、年龄为45~<60和≥60组、民族为维吾尔族和其他少数民族、职业为农民、治疗类型为复治、诊断结果为病原学阳性、治疗两个月末痰涂片阳性、总延迟≥30天、现住地为热点地区是成功治疗结核病患者三年内复发的独立危险因素。患者来源为主动筛查与健康体检、诊断结果单纯结核性胸膜炎的患者相对不易出现复发,见表4
结核病患者成功治疗后仍面临复发问题,且其复发率显著高于一般人群的发病率,是结核防治工作面临的重大挑战[9]。复发率是监测结核病中远期疗效的重要指标,其中停药后观察三年所得的复发情况可以用来评价治疗方案的远期效果[10]。本研究对新疆喀什地区2013—2020年登记且成功治疗的104 899例结核病患者三年内复发的流行特征、空间聚集性及影响因素进行了探讨。
本研究结果显示,2013—2020年喀什地区成功治疗患者三年累积复发率为13.52%,远高于南京(2.08%)[11]、北京(2.74%)[12]等多个地区,提示应重点在喀什地区加强结核患者停药后的追踪及筛查。时间分布特征显示,2017年成功完成治疗的结核患者未来三年累积复发率最高,可能是由于从2018年开始,喀什地区通过推行全民健康体检结核病主动筛查策略,发现了更多以往治疗不彻底导致的复发患者[13]
喀什地区成功治疗结核病患者三年累积复发率在乡镇维度上呈空间聚集性分布,其中高-高聚集乡镇主要集中于莎车县、英吉沙县和巴楚县,热点分析也得到了相似的结果。结核病复发率存在空间异质性主要与不同地区结核病负担、医疗水平以及社会经济水平等存在差异有关。莎车县与英吉沙县结核病负担始终位于喀什地区前列[2],较高的结核病负担将增加了患者重新感染结核杆菌的风险,可能进一步造成了复发率的增高,使其成为了复发热点区域 。增加对这些区域的公共卫生投入,进一步完善结核病防治服务体系对结核病复发防控治工作具有重要意义。
Cox回归分析结果显示,男性、维吾尔族、中老年、农牧民、复治、病原学阳性、治疗两个月末痰涂片阳性、总延迟≥30天、现住地为热点地区均是成功治疗患者三年内出现复发的独立危险因素,这与多项研究报道类似[14-16]。不同性别患者激素水平、基因表达情况不同,同时在行为模式、职业环境上也存在一定的差异,这些因素均可能是导致男性更容易复发的原因。本研究显示随着年龄段的增加对应复发风险升高,这可能与随年龄增长免疫功能下降,外源性感染结核杆菌或原发病灶“复燃”机会增大有关。喀什地区维吾尔族患者以农牧民为主,农牧民文化程度相对偏低,对结核病相关知识或政策的知晓度及重视程度相对更低,可能更容易出现复发。除人口学特征之外,结核病的复发还可能会受到患者初诊时疾病严重程度及治疗效果的影响,这在本研究中也得到了证实。诊断时病原学阳性以及治疗两个月末痰涂片转阴延迟往往意味着更大的细菌载量、更高的疾病严重程度以及更差的治疗效果,若不彻底治疗往往会引起结核病的内源性复发[17]。同时,存在诊疗延迟的患者因错失最佳治疗时间,往往加重疾病的严重程度、降低治疗效果,成为复发的高风险人群。来源于主动筛查与健康体检等主动筛查方式的患者结束治疗后更不易出现复发,提示通过主动筛查实现对结核病患者的早发现、早诊断、早干预,是预防结核病复发的重要措施之一。
本研究的局限性在于结核数据来源于《结核病管理信息系统》,可能会因录入质量问题低估了复发率;研究仅对已登记的病案信息进行复发影响因素分析,缺乏对未登记因素的探索。
综上,本研究对喀什地区成功治疗结核病患者三年内复发流行情况、空间聚集性及影响因素进行了初步探讨,为进一步制定和完善区域化防控策略及个性化干预措施,以降低喀什地区结核病复发提供了科学依据。
  • 省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题(SKL-HIDCA-2020-ER5)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81860589)
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404155
  • 接收时间:2024-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-10
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省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题(SKL-HIDCA-2020-ER5)
国家自然科学基金(81860589)
作者信息
    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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