Article(id=1241102740110242089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738771200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831551816, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831551816, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831551816, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831551816, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2574, endPage=2580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102740412232001, articleId=1241102740110242089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Dynamic analysis of obesity, overweight, and malnutrition of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City, 2014-2021, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the obesity, overweight and malnutrition status of primary and secondary school students in Karamay from 2014 to 2021, and to provide basis for targeted interventions on nutritional status of primary and secondary school students.

Methods

70 792 autumn physical health monitoring data of primary and secondary school students in Karamay from 2014 to 2021 were collected, and SPSS 22.0 software was used. Chi square tests were used for gender comparisons, and trend chi square tests were used for statistical analysis of age groups and years.

Results

The malnutrition rate of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City decreased from 11.4% in 2014 to 5.7% in 2021 (χ2=1 329.791, P<0.01), and the overweight and obesity rates increased from 14.1% and 8.4% to 17.2% and 14.0% respectively (χ2=687.21 and 725.13, respectively, with P<0.01). From 2014 to 2021, the detection rates of malnutrition (except 2018), overweight and obesity (except 2014) in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The malnutrition status of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City has been improved yearly, but the overweight and obesity rates have shown an increasing trend year by year. The bipolar problem of male students’ nutritional status is more prominent than that of female students. Schools and health management departments should carry out targeted interventions and countermeasures.

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目的

了解2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生肥胖、超重及营养不良状况,为中小学生营养状态开展针对性的干预提供依据。

方法

收集2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生秋季体质健康监测数据70 792人,运用SPSS 22.0软件,针对不同性别比较采用卡方检验,不同年龄段及年份比较采用趋势性卡方检验进行统计学处理。

结果

克拉玛依市中小学生营养不良率从2014年的11.4%降至2021年的5.7%(P<0.01),超重和肥胖率分别从14.1%、8.4%升到17.2%、14.0%(值分别为687.21、725.13,P<0.01),男生除2018年外,2014—2021年营养不良检出率高于女生(P<0.01);除2014年外,超重、肥胖检出率均高于女生(P<0.01)。

结论

克拉玛依市中小学生的营养不良状况逐年得到改善,但超重、肥胖率却呈现逐年上升趋势,其中男生营养状况两极问题比女生更为突出,学校及卫生管理部门应开展针对性的干预及应对措施。

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赵赞,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AtCHY2/TS2pFzf1JOYogpQ==, magXml=66aewg6QiiRkNTI+r0Fuvg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BN76iSFAn7vT2CnL9CcMvw==, pdfFileSize=573049, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BTMywdW6zmlcRswiBGDAow==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郭玉江(1987—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:学生体质与健康

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郭玉江(1987—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:学生体质与健康

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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2022, 49(21): 3927-3931., articleTitle=Overweight and obesity status among primary and middle school students in Henan,2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102755314594767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=23, pageStart=4272, pageEnd=4275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=范娅娜, 刘德云, 王宁玲, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范娅娜,刘德云,王宁玲.安徽省2010—2019年9~18岁中小学生超重与肥胖流行趋势分析[J].现代预防医学202148(23):4272-4275., articleTitle=安徽省2010—2019年9~18岁中小学生超重与肥胖流行趋势分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102755402675153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=23, pageStart=4272, pageEnd=4275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Fan YN, Liu DY, Wang NL, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan YN, Liu DY, Wang NL. Trend analysis of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students during 2010-2019 inAnhui Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(23): 4272-4275., articleTitle=Trend analysis of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students during 2010-2019 inAnhui Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102749895553837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, awardId=2024hjrkx0035, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102749992022834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, awardId=2024hjrkx0036, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0036), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102750117851960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, awardId=KZY2024-20, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年克拉玛依职业技术学院科研项目(KZY2024-20), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102750243681087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, awardId=XKT-2303027, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度自治区“以校为本”小课题(XKT-2303027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102744417792518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744430375431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, companyId=1241102744417792518, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Karamay Vocational & Technical College, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744438764040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, companyId=1241102744417792518, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.克拉玛依职业技术学院,新疆 克拉玛依市 834000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102744518455824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744526844434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, companyId=1241102744518455824, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.独山子区第三中学)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102744610730520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102744623313433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, companyId=1241102744610730520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.独山子区第二中学)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102749048304366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Nutritional Status of Primary and Middle School Students inKaramay City from 2014 to 2021[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试时间人数正常营养不良超重肥胖
生长迟缓中重度消瘦轻度消瘦合计
20149 1506 050(66.1)176(1.9)532(5.8)336(3.7)1 044(11.4)1 288(14.1)768(8.4)
20159 3746 442(68.7)64(0.7)418(4.5)286(3.1)768(8.2)1 370(14.6)794(8.5)
20169 0226 226(69.0)40(0.4)362(4.0)270(3.0)672(7.4)1 398(15.5)726(8.0)
20178 9046 076(68.2)38(0.4)386(4.3)304(3.4)728(8.2)1 316(14.8)784(8.8)
20188 4185 778(68.6)40(0.5)424(5.0)278(3.3)742(8.8)1 232(14.6)666(7.9)
20198 3405 534(66.4)36(0.4)320(3.8)196(2.4)552(6.6)1 322(15.9)932(11.2)
20208 6085 346(62.1)46(0.5)226(2.6)78(0.9)350(4.1)1 554(18.1)1 358(15.8)
20218 9765 658(63.0)62(0.6)298(3.3)158(1.8)518(5.7)1 542(17.2)1 258(14.0)
合计70 79247 110(66.5)840(1.2)2 966(4.2)1 906(2.7)5 374(7.6)11 022(15.6)7 286(10.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749148967670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生营养状况检出情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试时间人数正常营养不良超重肥胖
生长迟缓中重度消瘦轻度消瘦合计
20149 1506 050(66.1)176(1.9)532(5.8)336(3.7)1 044(11.4)1 288(14.1)768(8.4)
20159 3746 442(68.7)64(0.7)418(4.5)286(3.1)768(8.2)1 370(14.6)794(8.5)
20169 0226 226(69.0)40(0.4)362(4.0)270(3.0)672(7.4)1 398(15.5)726(8.0)
20178 9046 076(68.2)38(0.4)386(4.3)304(3.4)728(8.2)1 316(14.8)784(8.8)
20188 4185 778(68.6)40(0.5)424(5.0)278(3.3)742(8.8)1 232(14.6)666(7.9)
20198 3405 534(66.4)36(0.4)320(3.8)196(2.4)552(6.6)1 322(15.9)932(11.2)
20208 6085 346(62.1)46(0.5)226(2.6)78(0.9)350(4.1)1 554(18.1)1 358(15.8)
20218 9765 658(63.0)62(0.6)298(3.3)158(1.8)518(5.7)1 542(17.2)1 258(14.0)
合计70 79247 110(66.5)840(1.2)2 966(4.2)1 906(2.7)5 374(7.6)11 022(15.6)7 286(10.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749249630975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of malnutrition detection rate of primary and secondary school students of different ages and genders in Karamay from 2014 to 2021[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄与性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630816(5.2)30220(6.6)27822(7.9)2186(2.8)
752244(8.4)48840(8.2)50454(10.7)47422(4.6)
841234(8.3)52440(7.6)49038(7.8)52228(5.4)
941634(8.2)42642(9.9)53254(10.2)48646(9.5)
1046042(9.1)43034(7.9)43246(10.6)53844(8.2)
1138436(9.4)46648(10.3)43244(10.2)42044(10.5)
1296892(9.5)64028(4.4)76850(6.5)69234(4.9)
13898104(11.6)88856(6.3)69238(5.5)89490(10.1)
14852148(17.4)87676(8.7)85678(9.1)70288(12.5)
15900114(12.7)1 04892(8.8)94864(6.8)926104(11.2)
16861130(15.1)1 25486(6.9)1 19672(6.0)1 064104(9.8)
17989114(11.5)1 322124(9.4)1 26076(6.0)1 28082(6.4)
181 180136(11.5)71082(11.5)63436(5.7)68836(5.2)
54.32b36.31b46.21b63.68b
性别
4 612634(13.7)4 812446(9.3)4 714392(8.3)4 622382(8.3)
4 538410(9.0)4 562322(7.1)4 308280(6.5)4 282346(8.1)
χ260.42b42.59b32.67b6.27a
合计9 1501 044(11.4)9 374768(8.2)9 022672(7.4)8 904728(8.2)
年龄与性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624618(7.3)2364(1.7)2964(1.4)2846(2.1)
738218(4.7)50238(7.6)52820(3.8)61418(2.9)
846230(6.5)37812(3.2)50028(5.6)53632(6.0)
945032(7.1)46238(8.2)3788(2.1)49027(5.5)
1043640(9.2)42426(6.1)46420(4.3)37822(5.6)
1146034(7.4)42232(7.6)43616(3.7)45628(6.2)
1274468(9.1)88252(5.9)91626(2.8)86455(6.4)
1379874(9.3)87856(6.4)1 08428(2.6)1 11456(5.0)
14914108(11.8)79848(6.0)86036(4.2)1 06456(5.3)
1579462(7.8)93462(6.6)79052(6.6)83860(7.2)
16978118(12.1)88260(6.8)1 04446(4.4)90070(7.8)
171 052100(9.5)1 01498(9.7)83028(3.4)1 04860(5.7)
1870240(5.7)52826(4.9)48238(7.9)39028(7.2)
46.19b36.96b42.84b66.17b
性别
4 364380(8.7)4 344312(7.2)4 446210(4.7)4 632297(6.4)
4 054362(8.9)3 996240(6.0)4 162140(3.4)4 344221(5.1)
χ2-7.47b16.66b25.65b23.55b
合计8 418742(8.8)8 340552(6.6)8 608350(4.1)8 976518(5.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749371265798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

克拉玛依市2014—2021年不同年龄、性别中小学生营养不良检出情况比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄与性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630816(5.2)30220(6.6)27822(7.9)2186(2.8)
752244(8.4)48840(8.2)50454(10.7)47422(4.6)
841234(8.3)52440(7.6)49038(7.8)52228(5.4)
941634(8.2)42642(9.9)53254(10.2)48646(9.5)
1046042(9.1)43034(7.9)43246(10.6)53844(8.2)
1138436(9.4)46648(10.3)43244(10.2)42044(10.5)
1296892(9.5)64028(4.4)76850(6.5)69234(4.9)
13898104(11.6)88856(6.3)69238(5.5)89490(10.1)
14852148(17.4)87676(8.7)85678(9.1)70288(12.5)
15900114(12.7)1 04892(8.8)94864(6.8)926104(11.2)
16861130(15.1)1 25486(6.9)1 19672(6.0)1 064104(9.8)
17989114(11.5)1 322124(9.4)1 26076(6.0)1 28082(6.4)
181 180136(11.5)71082(11.5)63436(5.7)68836(5.2)
54.32b36.31b46.21b63.68b
性别
4 612634(13.7)4 812446(9.3)4 714392(8.3)4 622382(8.3)
4 538410(9.0)4 562322(7.1)4 308280(6.5)4 282346(8.1)
χ260.42b42.59b32.67b6.27a
合计9 1501 044(11.4)9 374768(8.2)9 022672(7.4)8 904728(8.2)
年龄与性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624618(7.3)2364(1.7)2964(1.4)2846(2.1)
738218(4.7)50238(7.6)52820(3.8)61418(2.9)
846230(6.5)37812(3.2)50028(5.6)53632(6.0)
945032(7.1)46238(8.2)3788(2.1)49027(5.5)
1043640(9.2)42426(6.1)46420(4.3)37822(5.6)
1146034(7.4)42232(7.6)43616(3.7)45628(6.2)
1274468(9.1)88252(5.9)91626(2.8)86455(6.4)
1379874(9.3)87856(6.4)1 08428(2.6)1 11456(5.0)
14914108(11.8)79848(6.0)86036(4.2)1 06456(5.3)
1579462(7.8)93462(6.6)79052(6.6)83860(7.2)
16978118(12.1)88260(6.8)1 04446(4.4)90070(7.8)
171 052100(9.5)1 01498(9.7)83028(3.4)1 04860(5.7)
1870240(5.7)52826(4.9)48238(7.9)39028(7.2)
46.19b36.96b42.84b66.17b
性别
4 364380(8.7)4 344312(7.2)4 446210(4.7)4 632297(6.4)
4 054362(8.9)3 996240(6.0)4 162140(3.4)4 344221(5.1)
χ2-7.47b16.66b25.65b23.55b
合计8 418742(8.8)8 340552(6.6)8 608350(4.1)8 976518(5.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749501289235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of overweight detection rate of primary and secondary school students of different ages and genders in Karamay from 2014 to 2021[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630848(15.6)30246(15.2)27830(10.8)21852(23.9)
752270(13.4)48864(13.1)50488(17.5)47472(15.2)
841260(14.6)52474(14.1)49092(18.8)52280(15.3)
941668(16.3)42652(12.2)53256(10.5)48664(13.2)
1046064(13.9)43062(14.4)43256(13.0)53878(14.5)
1138462(16.1)46670(15.0)43276(17.6)42062(14.8)
12968130(13.4)640122(19.1)768126(16.4)692132(19.1)
13898114(12.7)888150(16.9)69288(12.7)894114(12.8)
14852108(12.7)876136(15.5)856150(17.5)70270(10.0)
15900128(14.2)1 048114(10.9)948136(14.3)926134(14.5)
16861124(14.4)1 254192(15.3)1 196214(17.9)1 064164(15.4)
17989135(13.7)1 322204(15.4)1 260212(16.8)1 280178(13.9)
181 180177(15.0)71084(11.8)63474(11.7)688116(16.9)
15.9927.05b48.29b47.11b
性别
4 612714(15.5)4 812894(18.6)4 714918(19.5)4 622846(18.3)
4 538574(12.6)4 562476(10.4)4 308480(11.1)4 282470(11.0)
χ225.40b173.90b163.50b120.90b
合计9 1501 288(14.1)9 3741 370(14.6)9 0221 398(15.5)8 9041 316(14.8)
年龄/性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624626(10.6)23634(14.4)29660(20.3)28438(13.4)
738246(12.0)50262(12.4)528102(19.3)614106(17.3)
846256(12.1)37840(10.6)50060(12.0)53666(12.3)
945058(12.9)46262(13.4)37864(16.9)49068(13.9)
1043674(17.0)42474(17.5)46486(18.5)37844(11.6)
1146084(18.3)42278(18.5)43660(13.8)45666(14.5)
12744126(16.9)882150(17.0)916218(23.8)864168(19.4)
13798132(16.5)878172(19.6)1084220(20.3)1 114204(18.3)
14914152(16.6)798144(18.0)860156(18.1)1 064202(19.0)
1579492(11.6)934146(15.6)790140(17.7)838146(17.4)
16978138(14.1)882102(11.6)1 044198(19.0)900184(20.4)
171 052160(15.2)1014158(15.6)830108(13.0)1 048216(20.6)
1870288(12.5)528100(18.9)48282(17.0)39034(8.7)
35.97b43.99b64.99b53.52b
性别
4 364848(19.4)4 344766(17.6)4 446916(20.6)4 632878(19.0)
4 054384(9.5)3 996556(13.9)4 162638(15.3)4 344664(15.3)
χ2213.60b47.30b80.07b45.89b
合计8 4181 232(14.6)8 3401 322(15.9)8 6081 554(18.1)8 9761 542(17.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749589369622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

克拉玛依市2014—2021年不同年龄、性别中小学生超重检出情况比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630848(15.6)30246(15.2)27830(10.8)21852(23.9)
752270(13.4)48864(13.1)50488(17.5)47472(15.2)
841260(14.6)52474(14.1)49092(18.8)52280(15.3)
941668(16.3)42652(12.2)53256(10.5)48664(13.2)
1046064(13.9)43062(14.4)43256(13.0)53878(14.5)
1138462(16.1)46670(15.0)43276(17.6)42062(14.8)
12968130(13.4)640122(19.1)768126(16.4)692132(19.1)
13898114(12.7)888150(16.9)69288(12.7)894114(12.8)
14852108(12.7)876136(15.5)856150(17.5)70270(10.0)
15900128(14.2)1 048114(10.9)948136(14.3)926134(14.5)
16861124(14.4)1 254192(15.3)1 196214(17.9)1 064164(15.4)
17989135(13.7)1 322204(15.4)1 260212(16.8)1 280178(13.9)
181 180177(15.0)71084(11.8)63474(11.7)688116(16.9)
15.9927.05b48.29b47.11b
性别
4 612714(15.5)4 812894(18.6)4 714918(19.5)4 622846(18.3)
4 538574(12.6)4 562476(10.4)4 308480(11.1)4 282470(11.0)
χ225.40b173.90b163.50b120.90b
合计9 1501 288(14.1)9 3741 370(14.6)9 0221 398(15.5)8 9041 316(14.8)
年龄/性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624626(10.6)23634(14.4)29660(20.3)28438(13.4)
738246(12.0)50262(12.4)528102(19.3)614106(17.3)
846256(12.1)37840(10.6)50060(12.0)53666(12.3)
945058(12.9)46262(13.4)37864(16.9)49068(13.9)
1043674(17.0)42474(17.5)46486(18.5)37844(11.6)
1146084(18.3)42278(18.5)43660(13.8)45666(14.5)
12744126(16.9)882150(17.0)916218(23.8)864168(19.4)
13798132(16.5)878172(19.6)1084220(20.3)1 114204(18.3)
14914152(16.6)798144(18.0)860156(18.1)1 064202(19.0)
1579492(11.6)934146(15.6)790140(17.7)838146(17.4)
16978138(14.1)882102(11.6)1 044198(19.0)900184(20.4)
171 052160(15.2)1014158(15.6)830108(13.0)1 048216(20.6)
1870288(12.5)528100(18.9)48282(17.0)39034(8.7)
35.97b43.99b64.99b53.52b
性别
4 364848(19.4)4 344766(17.6)4 446916(20.6)4 632878(19.0)
4 054384(9.5)3 996556(13.9)4 162638(15.3)4 344664(15.3)
χ2213.60b47.30b80.07b45.89b
合计8 4181 232(14.6)8 3401 322(15.9)8 6081 554(18.1)8 9761 542(17.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749685838620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of obesity detection rate among primary and secondary school students of different ages and genders in Karamay from 2014 to 2021[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄与性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630842(13.6)30240(13.2)27836(12.9)21838(17.4)
752288(16.9)48868(13.9)50448(9.5)47496(20.3)
841258(14.1)52448(9.2)49056(11.4)52296(18.4)
941662(14.9)42652(12.2)53252(9.8)48658(11.9)
1046082(17.8)43042(9.8)43238(8.8)53862(11.5)
1138454(14.1)46654(11.6)43228(6.5)42052(12.4)
1296846(4.8)64052(8.1)76860(7.8)69244(6.4)
1389834(3.8)88856(6.3)69246(6.6)89438(4.3)
1485218(2.1)87666(7.5)85638(4.4)70246(6.6)
1590063(7.0)1 04886(8.2)94872(7.6)92646(5.0)
1686166(7.7)1 25480(6.4)1 196102(8.5)1 06454(5.1)
1798957(5.8)1 32294(7.1)1 260106(8.4)1 28086(6.7)
181 18098(8.3)71056(7.9)63444(6.9)68868(9.9)
254.78b59.30b43.05b247.14b
性别
4 612378(8.2)4 812532(11.1)4 714494(10.5)4 622504(10.9)
4 538390(8.6)4 562262(5.7)4 308232(5.4)4 282280(6.5)
χ20.63129.27b118.09b77.67b
合并9 150768(8.4)9 374794(8.5)9 022726(8.0)8 904784(8.8)
年龄与性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624640(16.3)23636(15.3)29682(27.7)284126(44.4)
738260(15.7)50266(13.1)52898(18.6)614164(26.7)
846268(14.7)37856(14.8)50076(15.2)536102(19.0)
945048(10.7)46262(13.4)37874(19.6)49060(12.2)
1043664(14.7)42446(10.8)46488(19.0)37862(16.4)
1146048(10.4)42260(14.2)43698(22.5)45638(8.3)
1274446(6.2)882106(12.0)916170(18.6)86480(9.3)
1379846(5.8)87882(9.3)1 084144(13.3)1 114134(12.0)
1491442(4.6)79872(9.0)860124(14.4)1 064124(11.7)
1579460(7.6)93498(10.5)79088(11.1)83898(11.7)
1697856(5.7)88296(10.9)1 044130(12.5)900100(11.1)
171 05258(5.5)1 01492(9.1)830126(15.2)1 048122(11.6)
1870230(4.3)52860(11.4)48260(12.4)39048(12.3)
χ2趋势值156.11b23.7a95.96b290.61b
性别
4 364484(11.1)4 344642(14.8)4 446858(19.3)4 632766(16.5)
4 054182(4.5)3 996290(7.3)4 162500(12.0)4 344492(11.3)
χ2171.36b147.07b127.09b76.92b
合并8 418666(7.9)8 340932(11.2)8 6081 358(15.8)8 9761 258(14.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102749782307622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102740110242089, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

克拉玛依市2014—2021年不同年龄、性别中小学生肥胖检出情况比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄与性别统计量2014201520162017
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
630842(13.6)30240(13.2)27836(12.9)21838(17.4)
752288(16.9)48868(13.9)50448(9.5)47496(20.3)
841258(14.1)52448(9.2)49056(11.4)52296(18.4)
941662(14.9)42652(12.2)53252(9.8)48658(11.9)
1046082(17.8)43042(9.8)43238(8.8)53862(11.5)
1138454(14.1)46654(11.6)43228(6.5)42052(12.4)
1296846(4.8)64052(8.1)76860(7.8)69244(6.4)
1389834(3.8)88856(6.3)69246(6.6)89438(4.3)
1485218(2.1)87666(7.5)85638(4.4)70246(6.6)
1590063(7.0)1 04886(8.2)94872(7.6)92646(5.0)
1686166(7.7)1 25480(6.4)1 196102(8.5)1 06454(5.1)
1798957(5.8)1 32294(7.1)1 260106(8.4)1 28086(6.7)
181 18098(8.3)71056(7.9)63444(6.9)68868(9.9)
254.78b59.30b43.05b247.14b
性别
4 612378(8.2)4 812532(11.1)4 714494(10.5)4 622504(10.9)
4 538390(8.6)4 562262(5.7)4 308232(5.4)4 282280(6.5)
χ20.63129.27b118.09b77.67b
合并9 150768(8.4)9 374794(8.5)9 022726(8.0)8 904784(8.8)
年龄与性别统计量2018201920202021
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
人数检出人数
(%)
年龄/岁
624640(16.3)23636(15.3)29682(27.7)284126(44.4)
738260(15.7)50266(13.1)52898(18.6)614164(26.7)
846268(14.7)37856(14.8)50076(15.2)536102(19.0)
945048(10.7)46262(13.4)37874(19.6)49060(12.2)
1043664(14.7)42446(10.8)46488(19.0)37862(16.4)
1146048(10.4)42260(14.2)43698(22.5)45638(8.3)
1274446(6.2)882106(12.0)916170(18.6)86480(9.3)
1379846(5.8)87882(9.3)1 084144(13.3)1 114134(12.0)
1491442(4.6)79872(9.0)860124(14.4)1 064124(11.7)
1579460(7.6)93498(10.5)79088(11.1)83898(11.7)
1697856(5.7)88296(10.9)1 044130(12.5)900100(11.1)
171 05258(5.5)1 01492(9.1)830126(15.2)1 048122(11.6)
1870230(4.3)52860(11.4)48260(12.4)39048(12.3)
χ2趋势值156.11b23.7a95.96b290.61b
性别
4 364484(11.1)4 344642(14.8)4 446858(19.3)4 632766(16.5)
4 054182(4.5)3 996290(7.3)4 162500(12.0)4 344492(11.3)
χ2171.36b147.07b127.09b76.92b
合并8 418666(7.9)8 340932(11.2)8 6081 358(15.8)8 9761 258(14.0)
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2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生肥胖、超重及营养不良动态趋势及防控对策
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郭玉江 1 , 赵赞 1 , 姜现洋 1 , 马杰 2 , 杨奔 3 , 肖鑫 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(14): 2574-2580
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(14): 2574-2580
2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生肥胖、超重及营养不良动态趋势及防控对策
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郭玉江1, 赵赞1 , 姜现洋1, 马杰2, 杨奔3, 肖鑫1
作者信息
  • 1.克拉玛依职业技术学院,新疆 克拉玛依市 834000
  • 2.独山子区第三中学
  • 3.独山子区第二中学
  • 郭玉江(1987—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:学生体质与健康

通讯作者:

赵赞,E-mail:
Dynamic analysis of obesity, overweight, and malnutrition of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City, 2014-2021
Yu-jiang GUO1, Zan ZHAO1 , Xian-yang JIANG1, Jie MA2, Ben YANG3, Xin XIAO1
Affiliations
  • Karamay Vocational & Technical College, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000,China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402075
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目的

了解2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生肥胖、超重及营养不良状况,为中小学生营养状态开展针对性的干预提供依据。

方法

收集2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生秋季体质健康监测数据70 792人,运用SPSS 22.0软件,针对不同性别比较采用卡方检验,不同年龄段及年份比较采用趋势性卡方检验进行统计学处理。

结果

克拉玛依市中小学生营养不良率从2014年的11.4%降至2021年的5.7%(P<0.01),超重和肥胖率分别从14.1%、8.4%升到17.2%、14.0%(值分别为687.21、725.13,P<0.01),男生除2018年外,2014—2021年营养不良检出率高于女生(P<0.01);除2014年外,超重、肥胖检出率均高于女生(P<0.01)。

结论

克拉玛依市中小学生的营养不良状况逐年得到改善,但超重、肥胖率却呈现逐年上升趋势,其中男生营养状况两极问题比女生更为突出,学校及卫生管理部门应开展针对性的干预及应对措施。

营养不良  /  超重  /  肥胖  /  学生
Objective

To understand the obesity, overweight and malnutrition status of primary and secondary school students in Karamay from 2014 to 2021, and to provide basis for targeted interventions on nutritional status of primary and secondary school students.

Methods

70 792 autumn physical health monitoring data of primary and secondary school students in Karamay from 2014 to 2021 were collected, and SPSS 22.0 software was used. Chi square tests were used for gender comparisons, and trend chi square tests were used for statistical analysis of age groups and years.

Results

The malnutrition rate of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City decreased from 11.4% in 2014 to 5.7% in 2021 (χ2=1 329.791, P<0.01), and the overweight and obesity rates increased from 14.1% and 8.4% to 17.2% and 14.0% respectively (χ2=687.21 and 725.13, respectively, with P<0.01). From 2014 to 2021, the detection rates of malnutrition (except 2018), overweight and obesity (except 2014) in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The malnutrition status of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City has been improved yearly, but the overweight and obesity rates have shown an increasing trend year by year. The bipolar problem of male students’ nutritional status is more prominent than that of female students. Schools and health management departments should carry out targeted interventions and countermeasures.

Malnutrition  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Students
郭玉江, 赵赞, 姜现洋, 马杰, 杨奔, 肖鑫. 2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生肥胖、超重及营养不良动态趋势及防控对策. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2574 -2580 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402075
Yu-jiang GUO, Zan ZHAO, Xian-yang JIANG, Jie MA, Ben YANG, Xin XIAO. Dynamic analysis of obesity, overweight, and malnutrition of primary and secondary school students in Karamay City, 2014-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2574 -2580 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402075
第八次全国学生体质与健康调研结果显示,近10年我国儿童青少年的营养不良有明显改善,但超重和肥胖率却持续上升[1]。儿童青少年时期营养不良容易导致免疫力下降、发育缓慢[2]等,而营养过剩则易诱发超重及肥胖等,与其成年后慢性病[3-4]的发生具有较强相关性。儿童青少年时期作为人体生长的关键时期,其健康状况不仅影响其个人的成长发育,也关乎整个社会和国家的未来。因此,定期对中小学生进行体质健康检测,了解其营养状况的变化趋势[5],能防范和减少健康问题的发生。本研究收集2014—2021年克拉玛依市中小学生的体质健康监测数据,分析不同年龄段、不同性别学生肥胖、超重及营养不良的动态变化趋势,旨为中小学生健康问题的防控提供参考依据。
在拉玛依市四个区的中小学校中,按整群随机抽样原则,在每个区随机抽取2所小学、1所初中、1所高中,收集抽中学校学生2014—2021年的体质健康数据,共收集有效学生70 792名,其中男生36 546名,女生34 246名。
学生体质测试均依照《国民体质监测手册》[6]进行,并要求学生在空腹情况下进行体格检查,利用人体身高-体重一体机对身高、体重进行测试,并精准校准至0.1。体重指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)2
依据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》(WS/T456—2014)标准[5],并将生长迟缓、轻度、中重度消瘦均纳入营养不良。
根据BMI指数,依据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T586—2018)标准[7],对超重和肥胖进行分类。
采用Excel 2019对原始数据进行整理,采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料用率(%)进行统计描述,不同性别比较采用χ2检验,不同年龄段及年份比较采用趋势性χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2014—2021年总调查中小学生为70 792人,营养不良、超重、肥胖整体检出率分别为7.6%、15.6%和10.3%。
营养不良率呈逐年下降趋势,从2014年的11.4%降到2021年的5.7%(P<0.01),其中生长迟缓从1.9%降至0.6%、中重度消瘦从5.8%降至3.3%,轻度消瘦从3.7%降至1.8%。
超重和肥胖率呈逐年上升趋势,分别从2014年的14.1%、8.4%升到2021年的17.2%、14.0%。(值分别为687.21、725.13,P<0.01)。见表1
除2016、2018年外,其他年份中小学生的营养不良率随年龄呈波动上升趋势(P<0.01);除2018年外,其他年份女生营养不良率均低于男生(P<0.01)。见表2
2018—2019、2021年各年龄段学生的超重率随年龄呈上升趋势(P<0.01);每年女生的超重率均低于男生(P<0.01)。见表3
2014—2021年中小学生肥胖检出率随年龄呈下降趋势(P<0.01),除2014年外,各年女生的肥胖率均低于男生(P<0.01));除9岁、11岁外,其他年龄中小学生的肥胖率呈逐年上升的趋势,不同性别中小学生的肥胖也呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01)。见表4
2021年克拉玛依市中小学生总体营养不良率为5.7%,较2014年下降了5.7个百分点,低于全国水平[1]近5.2个百分点,同时低于乌鲁木齐市[8]、成都市[9]、珠海市[10]等城市,这与全国[1]及其他地区[8,11]研究结果相一致,这表明克拉玛依市学生的营养不良得到了有效的改善,这与克拉玛依市出台的多项健康惠民政策息息相关,从而保证了学生饮食的健康发展。本调查还发现,中小学生营养不良率随年龄呈上升趋势,这与国内[10-12]调查结果一致,其中男生营养不良率均高于女生,这与众多调查[9-10]相一致,这可能与机体发育有关,男生较女生而言,在进入青春期后生长速度会加快,再加之男生天性好动,体育活动量多,从而消耗体能较大导致[13]
本调查中,2021年克拉玛依市中小学生的超重和肥胖率均高于全国[14]及其他地方[15-16],且呈现逐年上升的趋势,这与国内[1]调查结果相一致。多项研究证实,超重和肥胖是多种慢性病发生的危险因素,且儿童青少年时期超重或肥胖的发生也将对成年后心血管等慢性疾病有一定的促进作用 [2-4]。因此,面临当前学生营养不均衡的两个极端表现,当地政府应从多维度强化对营养健康的宣讲。本调查还发现2014—2021年男生的超重、肥胖检出率均高于女生,这与国内[8,17-18]调查结果一致,可能是女生更加关注自己的形象,特别是进入青春期后,为了美,主动控制饮食。而男生身体活动较多、食量较大,再加之不健康的生活方式,容易导致两种营养不均衡的极端出现 [2]
综上所述,克拉玛依市中小学生的营养不良有所改善,但超重、肥胖率却呈逐年、随年龄上升趋势。因此,在改善学生营养状况的同时,更应该注重控制学生的体重。首先依据《国民营养计划(2017—2030年)》的要求,利用新媒体形式加强对学生及家长的健康饮食宣传,从而改善不良的饮食结构。其次,学校、社区及家庭应该构建“三维一体”联动机制,对学生的体重进行监管,鼓励学生参加多种形式的体育锻炼活动。最后,学校体育部门与卫生部门应该强化合作,利用数字化平台构建中小学生营养状况“校本”监控、预警模型,结合“体医融合”理论,制定针对性干预方案,从而促进学生的全面健康发展。
  • 2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0035)
  • 2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0036)
  • 2024年克拉玛依职业技术学院科研项目(KZY2024-20)
  • 2023年度自治区“以校为本”小课题(XKT-2303027)
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402075
  • 接收时间:2025-02-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06
基金
2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0035)
2024年克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(软科学)项目(2024hjrkx0036)
2024年克拉玛依职业技术学院科研项目(KZY2024-20)
2023年度自治区“以校为本”小课题(XKT-2303027)
作者信息
    1.克拉玛依职业技术学院,新疆 克拉玛依市 834000
    2.独山子区第三中学
    3.独山子区第二中学

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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