Article(id=1241102737534939333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401285, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705420800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831551202, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831551202, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831551202, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831551202, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2548, endPage=2552, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102739393016042, articleId=1241102737534939333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological analysis on foodborne disease events in rural banquets, Sichuan, 2004-2023, columnId=1240375107953161116, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Foold Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease events in a rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne disease in the rural banquet.

Methods

The data of foodborne disease events in a rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023 were collected from the National Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System and National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies and analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results

From 2004 to 2023, a total of 189 foodborne disease events in rural banquet were reported in Sichuan Province with 5 971 cases and 22 deaths, and the case fatality rate was 0.37%. The third quarterly was the high incidence period, accounting for 43.39% of the total events. The top three regions with the highest number of reported events were Chengdu (25 events), Luzhou (19 events) and Yibin (18 events). Microbial pathogens were the main pathogenic factors, accounting for 66.67% of the total events. Chemicals were the main causes of death, with 15 and 5 deaths caused by methanol and nitrite, respectively. Meat and meat products were the main causes of foodborne diseases. Improper processing and storage were the main inducing factors.

Conclusion

The targeted health education, supervision, monitoring, and emergency handling should be carried out to effectively prevent and control foodborne disease events in rural banquets.

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目的

分析2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征,为有效防控农村宴席食源性疾病提供科学依据。

方法

对2004—2023年四川省网络直报的农村宴席食源性疾病事件进行描述性流行病学分析。

结果

2004—2023年四川省共报告农村宴席食源性疾病事件189起、发病人数5 971例、死亡人数22例、病死率为0.37%。第3季度为事件的高发期,事件数在全年占比为43.39%。报告事件数排前3位的地区依次为成都(25起)、泸州(19起)和宜宾(18起)。致病微生物是主要致病因素,事件数占比为66.67%;死亡病例主要由化学物导致(甲醇15例、亚硝酸盐5例)。肉及肉制品是主要原因食品;加工与储存不当是事件的主要引发因素,死亡病例的主要引发因素为误用误食。

结论

针对性地开展健康教育、监督管理和监测处置,以有效防控农村宴席食源性疾病事件。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
林黎,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=R3nihdmSnZaqlondjPQjqg==, magXml=npqDZm1kujO3Z46F81QgHw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Rvfi45sIJEXP949ri577JA==, pdfFileSize=641826, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1rCdQXmBYEieE9xBy6y+Ag==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s09rqA57qGmpe4GDADJHmg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

宋阳(1986—),男,博士,副主任医师,研究方向:食品安全风险监测

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宋阳(1986—),男,博士,副主任医师,研究方向:食品安全风险监测

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National emergency plan for food safety accidents[EB/OL]. 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Epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning in rural banquets in Meizhou, 2008-2012[J]. Capital Journal of Public Health, 2014, 8(1): 20-22., articleTitle=Epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning in rural banquets in Meizhou, 2008-2012, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102754005971872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=四川省人民政府, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=四川省人民政府.四川省人民政府办公厅关于印发四川省农村集体聚餐食品安全管理办法的通知[EB/OL].[2024-06-19].https://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/c103046/2020/9/1/234f533d58f04cd6a7ec349cdb604489.shtml., articleTitle=四川省人民政府办公厅关于印发四川省农村集体聚餐食品安全管理办法的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102754102440869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=The People’s Government of Sichuan Province, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The People’s Government of Sichuan Province. Notice of the General Office of Sichuan Provincial People’s Government on printing and distributing the Food Safety Management Measures of Sichuan Provincial Rural Collective Dinner[EB/OL]. [2024-06-19]. https://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/c103046/2020/9/1/234f533d58f04cd6a7ec349cdb604489.shtml., articleTitle=Notice of the General Office of Sichuan Provincial People’s Government on printing and distributing the Food Safety Management Measures of Sichuan Provincial Rural Collective Dinner, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102754215687079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=121, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=严隽德, 李婷, 李延平, journalName=中国食品卫生杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严隽德,李婷,李延平,等.农村家宴卫生现状和管理对策[J].中国食品卫生杂志200820(2):121-125., articleTitle=农村家宴卫生现状和管理对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102754354099114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=121, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Yan JD, Li T, Li YP, journalName=Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan JD, Li T, Li YP, et al. Hygienic status and management countermeasure of rural family feasts[J]. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2008, 20(2): 121-125., articleTitle=Hygienic status and management countermeasure of rural family feasts, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102748943446758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, awardId=2021YFS0296, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技计划项目(2021YFS0296), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102740445786439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740454175049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, companyId=1241102740445786439, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740462563658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, companyId=1241102740445786439, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102745743192686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Monthly distribution of foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023, figureFileSmall=22W5y/4Ti4B3CrazipkoUw==, figureFileBig=1rCdQXmBYEieE9xBy6y+Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102745848050289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件月份分布情况, figureFileSmall=22W5y/4Ti4B3CrazipkoUw==, figureFileBig=1rCdQXmBYEieE9xBy6y+Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102746112291462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Regional distribution of foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023, figureFileSmall=F95WeWMlRTRsOEoOg+s2RQ==, figureFileBig=6i6sJVGRCH9NV9CJedGmew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102746208760462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件地区分布情况, figureFileSmall=F95WeWMlRTRsOEoOg+s2RQ==, figureFileBig=6i6sJVGRCH9NV9CJedGmew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241102746296840848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Annual distribution of foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)罹患率(%)病死率(%)每起事件平均发病人数(例)
200410777030.320.0078
20058396028.820.0050
20062119246.301.6860
20074191011.600.0048
20082124040.660.0062
20094261235.510.7766
201014515016.240.0037
20114381132.990.2696
20128255012.720.0032
20136314022.460.0053
20148234014.910.0030
2015915109.040.0017
201614355211.210.5626
201726556210.050.3622
20181220608.400.0018
20191632208.920.0021
20201226476.932.6522
20211529108.030.0020
20227137614.654.3820
20238122011.000.0016
总计1895 9712214.190.3732
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746410087065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件年份分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)罹患率(%)病死率(%)每起事件平均发病人数(例)
200410777030.320.0078
20058396028.820.0050
20062119246.301.6860
20074191011.600.0048
20082124040.660.0062
20094261235.510.7766
201014515016.240.0037
20114381132.990.2696
20128255012.720.0032
20136314022.460.0053
20148234014.910.0030
2015915109.040.0017
201614355211.210.5626
201726556210.050.3622
20181220608.400.0018
20191632208.920.0021
20201226476.932.6522
20211529108.030.0020
20227137614.654.3820
20238122011.000.0016
总计1895 9712214.190.3732
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746506556063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quarterly distribution of foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季度事件数发病人数死亡人数罹患率
(%)
病死率
(%)
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
12211.6464510.80836.3616.951.24
25529.101 56926.2800.0012.910.00
38243.392 95349.46940.9113.960.30
43015.8780413.47522.7316.180.62
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.0014.190.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746603025062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件季度分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季度事件数发病人数死亡人数罹患率
(%)
病死率
(%)
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
12211.6464510.80836.3616.951.24
25529.101 56926.2800.0012.910.00
38243.392 95349.46940.9113.960.30
43015.8780413.47522.7316.180.62
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.0014.190.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746707882670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of pathogenic factors for foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致病因素事件数发病人数死亡人数病死率
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
致病微生物12666.674 27871.6529.090.05
沙门氏菌4523.811 88731.6029.090.11
副溶血性弧菌2714.2966911.2000.000.00
变形杆菌63.171923.2200.000.00
致泻大肠埃希氏菌52.651212.0300.000.00
金黄色葡萄球菌及其毒素21.061131.8900.000.00
志贺氏菌21.06751.2600.000.00
蜡样芽孢杆菌21.06601.0000.000.00
诺如病毒10.53120.2000.000.00
不明微生物3619.051 14919.2400.000.00
化学物136.883936.582090.915.09
亚硝酸盐73.702213.70522.732.26
甲醇52.651582.651568.189.49
百草枯10.53140.2300.000.00
真菌及其毒素63.172023.3800.000.00
毒蘑菇63.172023.3800.000.00
有毒植物及其毒素31.59550.9200.000.00
四季豆21.06280.4700.000.00
桐子酸(桐油等)10.53270.4500.000.00
未查明原因4121.691 04317.4700.000.00
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.000.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241102748222026420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件致病因素分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致病因素事件数发病人数死亡人数病死率
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
数(起)构成比
(%)
致病微生物12666.674 27871.6529.090.05
沙门氏菌4523.811 88731.6029.090.11
副溶血性弧菌2714.2966911.2000.000.00
变形杆菌63.171923.2200.000.00
致泻大肠埃希氏菌52.651212.0300.000.00
金黄色葡萄球菌及其毒素21.061131.8900.000.00
志贺氏菌21.06751.2600.000.00
蜡样芽孢杆菌21.06601.0000.000.00
诺如病毒10.53120.2000.000.00
不明微生物3619.051 14919.2400.000.00
化学物136.883936.582090.915.09
亚硝酸盐73.702213.70522.732.26
甲醇52.651582.651568.189.49
百草枯10.53140.2300.000.00
真菌及其毒素63.172023.3800.000.00
毒蘑菇63.172023.3800.000.00
有毒植物及其毒素31.59550.9200.000.00
四季豆21.06280.4700.000.00
桐子酸(桐油等)10.53270.4500.000.00
未查明原因4121.691 04317.4700.000.00
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.000.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241102748352049856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Distribution of food for foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原因食品类别事件数发病人数死亡人数
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
肉及肉制品6634.922 01533.7500.00
水产品189.524337.2500.00
蛋与蛋制品126.354737.9200.00
毒蘑菇163.172023.3800.00
“假酒”/醇基燃料152.651582.651568.18
粮食制品42.121312.1900.00
蔬菜及蔬菜制品42.12971.6200.00
油脂及其制品21.06320.5400.00
豆制品21.06140.2300.00
混合食品2189.524267.13313.64
多种食品394.763485.83313.64
原因不明4322.751 64227.5014.55
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102748465296073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件原因食品类别分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原因食品类别事件数发病人数死亡人数
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
肉及肉制品6634.922 01533.7500.00
水产品189.524337.2500.00
蛋与蛋制品126.354737.9200.00
毒蘑菇163.172023.3800.00
“假酒”/醇基燃料152.651582.651568.18
粮食制品42.121312.1900.00
蔬菜及蔬菜制品42.12971.6200.00
油脂及其制品21.06320.5400.00
豆制品21.06140.2300.00
混合食品2189.524267.13313.64
多种食品394.763485.83313.64
原因不明4322.751 64227.5014.55
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102748616291027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Distribution of inducing factors for foodborne disease events in rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引发因素事件数发病人数死亡人数
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
加工不当4021.1690915.2200.00
存储不当3216.931 04617.5200.00
误用误食1910.055389.012090.91
原料(辅料)污染或变质157.944277.1500.00
人员污染115.823525.9000.00
设备及工具污染63.173045.0900.00
2类因素2312.1785614.3414.55
3类及以上因素84.234737.9214.55
原因不明3518.521 06617.8500.00
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102748742120153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737534939333, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的引发因素分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引发因素事件数发病人数死亡人数
数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)数(起)构成比(%)
加工不当4021.1690915.2200.00
存储不当3216.931 04617.5200.00
误用误食1910.055389.012090.91
原料(辅料)污染或变质157.944277.1500.00
人员污染115.823525.9000.00
设备及工具污染63.173045.0900.00
2类因素2312.1785614.3414.55
3类及以上因素84.234737.9214.55
原因不明3518.521 06617.8500.00
总计189100.005 971100.0022100.00
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2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件流行病学分析
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宋阳 , 陈文 , 周玉锦 , 张誉 , 范春梅 , 赵毕 , 林黎 , 许毅
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(14): 2548-2552
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(14): 2548-2552
2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件流行病学分析
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宋阳, 陈文, 周玉锦, 张誉, 范春梅, 赵毕, 林黎 , 许毅
作者信息
  • 四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 宋阳(1986—),男,博士,副主任医师,研究方向:食品安全风险监测

通讯作者:

林黎,E-mail:
Epidemiological analysis on foodborne disease events in rural banquets, Sichuan, 2004-2023
Yang SONG, Wen CHEN, Yu-jin ZHOU, Yu ZHANG, Chun-mei FAN, Bi ZHAO, Li LIN , Yi XU
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401285
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目的

分析2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征,为有效防控农村宴席食源性疾病提供科学依据。

方法

对2004—2023年四川省网络直报的农村宴席食源性疾病事件进行描述性流行病学分析。

结果

2004—2023年四川省共报告农村宴席食源性疾病事件189起、发病人数5 971例、死亡人数22例、病死率为0.37%。第3季度为事件的高发期,事件数在全年占比为43.39%。报告事件数排前3位的地区依次为成都(25起)、泸州(19起)和宜宾(18起)。致病微生物是主要致病因素,事件数占比为66.67%;死亡病例主要由化学物导致(甲醇15例、亚硝酸盐5例)。肉及肉制品是主要原因食品;加工与储存不当是事件的主要引发因素,死亡病例的主要引发因素为误用误食。

结论

针对性地开展健康教育、监督管理和监测处置,以有效防控农村宴席食源性疾病事件。

农村宴席  /  食源性疾病事件  /  流行病学  /  预防控制
Objective

To explore the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease events in a rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne disease in the rural banquet.

Methods

The data of foodborne disease events in a rural banquet in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2023 were collected from the National Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System and National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies and analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results

From 2004 to 2023, a total of 189 foodborne disease events in rural banquet were reported in Sichuan Province with 5 971 cases and 22 deaths, and the case fatality rate was 0.37%. The third quarterly was the high incidence period, accounting for 43.39% of the total events. The top three regions with the highest number of reported events were Chengdu (25 events), Luzhou (19 events) and Yibin (18 events). Microbial pathogens were the main pathogenic factors, accounting for 66.67% of the total events. Chemicals were the main causes of death, with 15 and 5 deaths caused by methanol and nitrite, respectively. Meat and meat products were the main causes of foodborne diseases. Improper processing and storage were the main inducing factors.

Conclusion

The targeted health education, supervision, monitoring, and emergency handling should be carried out to effectively prevent and control foodborne disease events in rural banquets.

Rural banquet  /  Foodborne disease event  /  Epidemiology  /  Prevention and control
宋阳, 陈文, 周玉锦, 张誉, 范春梅, 赵毕, 林黎, 许毅. 2004—2023年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件流行病学分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2548 -2552 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401285
Yang SONG, Wen CHEN, Yu-jin ZHOU, Yu ZHANG, Chun-mei FAN, Bi ZHAO, Li LIN, Yi XU. Epidemiological analysis on foodborne disease events in rural banquets, Sichuan, 2004-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2548 -2552 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401285
我国农村地区每逢满月、嫁娶、乔迁、祝寿、丧葬及重要节日都有举办宴席的习俗[1-2]。农村地区存在人员食品安全意识相对缺乏、宴席举办地条件简陋、食品加工操作不规范等问题,使得农村宴席食源性疾病发生的风险较高[3-4];同时农村宴席举办的临时性及宴席厨师“一条龙服务”的流动性导致监管乏力[3-4];因此农村宴席食源性疾病事件时有发生,严重影响了农村地区人民群众的身体健康与生命安全[1-2]。本文对四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征进行分析,以期为防控农村宴席食源性疾病事件提供科学依据。
资料源于国家“食源性疾病暴发监测系统”与“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中2004—2023年四川省报告并审核通过的发生在四川省境内的食源性疾病事件(筛除两系统重复报告事件)的相关数据。
对农村宴席事件报告的发生时间、发生地点、发病人数、致病因素等信息进行描述性流行病学分析。
采用Excel 2007对数据进行整理与分析;采用SPSS 18.0对罹患率随着年份变化趋势进行趋势卡方分析,对不同季度罹患率之间及病死率之间的差异进行Fisher确切概率检验,检验水准α =0.05。
2004—2023年四川省共报告食源性疾病事件2 899起、发病人数25 266例、死亡人数203例、罹患率为11.41%、病死率为0.80%、每起事件平均发病人数9例;其中农村宴席事件189起、发病人数5 971例、死亡人数22例、罹患率为14.19%、病死率为0.37%、每起事件平均发病人数32例;农村宴席事件的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数分别占各统计项总数的6.52%、23.63%和10.84%。
2016—2021年为事件报告数的高峰,2017年为历史高点(26起)。罹患率呈逐年降低趋势(χ2=1 461.569,P<0.001;R=-0.186,P<0.001)。每起事件平均发病人数呈逐年减少趋势,由2004年的78例逐渐降至2023年的16例。22例死亡病例分布在7个年份,其中2020年7例、2022年6例。详见表1
第3季度为事件的高发期,事件数和发病人数分别占全年总报告数的43.39%和49.46%,死亡病例出现在第1、第3和第4季度。各季度间的罹患率差异(χ2=56.201,P<0.001)与病死率差异(χ2=19.331,P<0.001)均有统计学意义。详见表2
5至10月报告事件146起、发病人数4 844例,分别占全年总数的77.25%和81.13%。死亡人数主要分布在3月(6例)和9月(7例)。详见图1
地区报告事件数的均数约为9起、标准差约为6起。事件数排前3的地区依次为成都(25起)、泸州(19起)和宜宾(18起);发病人数排前3的地区依次为泸州(724例)、成都(537例)和乐山(483例);死亡人数分布在凉山(8例)、泸州(6例)、宜宾/广安/巴中(2例)和攀枝花/德阳(1例)7个地区。详见图2
致病微生物导致126起事件、4 278人发病,其中以沙门氏菌(45起事件、1 887例病例)和副溶血性弧菌(27起事件、669例病例)为主;化学物、毒蘑菇和有毒植物及其毒素分别导致事件13起、6起和3起,另有41起事件未查明致病因素;死亡病例主要由化学物导致(甲醇15例、亚硝酸盐5例),化学物导致的事件病死率为5.09%。详见表3
146起事件查明了原因食品,其中肉及肉制品导致事件66起(凉拌肉制品35起),水产品导致事件18起(虾类10起),蛋与蛋制品导致12起事件(凉拌皮蛋9起)。22例死亡病例主要是由非食品类(8例误食醇基燃料、7例误食假酒)和混合食品/多种食品(5例食用误用亚硝酸盐的菜肴)引起。详见表4
加工不当与储存不当是引发农村宴席食源性疾病事件的主要引发因素,分别导致事件40起(占比21.16%)和32起(占比16.93%);死亡病例的引发因素主要是误用误食;另有35起事件未查明引发因素。详见表5
2004—2023 年四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征为:夏秋季高发、致病因素以沙门氏菌和副溶血性弧菌为主、致死原因以误用误食甲醇或亚硝酸盐为主、原因食品以肉及肉制品和水产品为主、引发因素以加工储存不当为主等;这与既往相关研究结果一致[1-2,5-8]
农村宴席的事件报告数占总数的6.52%,但发病人数和死亡人数分别占各统计项总数的23.63%和10.84%,且平均每起农村宴席事件的发病人数(32例)远高于总计平均数(9例);提示农村宴席食源性疾病事件波及人数多、危害严重,社会影响大[1,5,8]
2016—2021年为事件报告数的高峰期,主要原因如下:一是随着农村地区社会经济的发展,农村宴席举办频次增加,在食源性疾病发生风险未得到有效控制的情况下,事件数随之增加[1-2,5];二是近年来食源性疾病监测法律法规的实施、监测制度的完善以及监测能力的提升[9-10]。每起事件平均发病人数呈逐年减少趋势,体现了食品安全“四个最严”在四川得到了有效落实[11],重大或较大食源性疾病事件发生风险得到有效控制;另外,这也与部分地区受“创卫”“创文”“创食品安全”等地方考核的影响从而瞒报“一般级别”及以上级别食品安全事件有关[12-14]
事件报告数的地区分布不均,这与当地人口数量、经济条件、地理气候环境以及监测调查能力有关外,结合既往数据还提示了部分地区的事件漏报、瞒报情况严重[2,7,13]
本研究40.74%的事件无法确定具体的致病因素(包括不明微生物),这一方面与基层疾控机构现场调查能力差、数据分析能力弱以及检测能力不足等因素密切相关,另一方面也受制于多部门协作调查程度低、事发现场被人为破坏等情况[5,12-13]
基于四川省农村宴席食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征,提出以下建议:
(1)持续开展食品安全健康教育活动。多部门高频率(尤其是事件高发季节)、多渠道(如文娱活动、短信、微信、标语、挂图等)开展针对性强(如食品安全五要点、不采食用野生菌及野生动植物、醇基燃料应醒目标识等)且通俗易懂的食品安全进农村活动;以提高农村群众食品安全知识水平,逐步改善农村宴席大操大办的习俗[1,4-5,15]
(2)依法依规办理宴席、加强监管工作。主办方应严格遵守相关法律法规举办农村宴席,如四川省人民政府于2020年印发《四川省农村集体聚餐食品安全管理办法》,对农村宴席的举办要求、加工服务者管理、报告管理等做出了明确规定[16];食品安全监管部门应对农村宴席的关键环节如场所(场所选址、场所布局、设备设施)、加工制作(原料采购、加工储存、清洗保洁)、人员(加工制作人员、备餐供餐及清洁人员)进行重点监管[3,17],对因违反相关法律法规导致的事件进行严肃追责[3-4]
(3)规范厨师与帮工的食品从业行为。鉴于农村宴席事件的首要致病因素是致病微生物,主要引发因素包括加工存储不当和人员污染;各级食品安全监管部门应建立农村宴席从业人员的日常体检制度和培训考核制度,从业人员应取得健康证明且经食品安全知识与技能培训考核合格后方可在当地乡(镇)政府或社区进行上岗备案[1,5,17]
(4)加强食源性疾病监测预警及应急处置能力。各相关部门应在事件高发地区及高发期加强监测并及时发布预警信息[9,12];事件一旦发生,相关部门各司其职的同时应加强沟通协作,及时开展事件的流行病学调查与责任调查,有效控制事件,降低危害;事件信息的报告应依法依规,减少行政干预[2,5,12]
  • 四川省科技计划项目(2021YFS0296)
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401285
  • 接收时间:2024-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-17
基金
四川省科技计划项目(2021YFS0296)
作者信息
    四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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