Article(id=1241102737086140529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698940800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831551095, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831551095, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831551095, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831551095, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2581, endPage=2586, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102737551708281, articleId=1241102737086140529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current home medical service demands for cancer patients in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the demand for home medical service among cancer patients in Pudong New Area and analyze the main influencing factors.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used, and a self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1 161 cancer patients in Pudong New Area. Single-factor analysis, non-parametric rank sum test, and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

18.2% of cancer patients had home medical service demands, with demands across all four dimensions. Among which the demand for health education, social support and rehabilitation guidance was more. Cancer patients’ needs are influenced by factors such as age, education level, economic status, and more (P<0.05). The driving factors include the number of comorbidities (β=0.111, t=3.643, P<0.001), being bedridden (β=0.121, t=4.299, P<0.001), and having a college degree or higher (β=0.071, t=2.416, P=0.016). The inhibiting factors include economic status (β=-0.072, t=-2.057, P=0.04) and daily condition (β=-0.192, t=-5.219, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Home medical services have significant demands among cancer patients. Relevant institutions should combine the characteristics of patient needs, improve service project evaluation, cost payment models, and relevant laws and policies, and strengthen supervision to promote the standardized and sustainable development of home medical services.

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目的

调查浦东新区癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状,分析主要影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样方法,自行设计调查问卷对浦东新区1 161例癌症患者进行调查,综合应用单因素分析、非参数秩和检验,并结合多元线性回归模型分析其影响因素。

结果

18.2%癌症患者有上门医疗服务需求,四个维度均有需求,其中对健康教育和社会支持、康复指导的需求较多,癌症患者需求受到年龄、文化程度、经济状态等诸多因素影响(P<0.05),其中驱动因素有共患病数目(β=0.111,t=3.643,P<0.001)、卧床不起(β=0.121,t=4.299,P<0.001)、本科及以上学历(β=0.071,t=2.416,P=0.016), 抑制因素有经济状态(β=-0.072,t=-2.057,P=0.04)、日常状态(β=-0.192,t=-5.219,P<0.001)。

结论

上门医疗服务在癌症患者中具有显著需求,相关机构应结合患者需求特点,完善服务项目评估、费用支付模式和相关法规政策,强化监管,以促进上门医疗服务的规范与持续发展。

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陈珉惺,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jRtN8mM6EAlj/YXBvnubBg==, magXml=rfMO8ZoO8yCZOwd+9fl5cw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nbFrMgsvawnyzg0DzpIW5w==, pdfFileSize=728004, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=giItyx7DVKr6qQvpqnGrZQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

姚峪岚(1973—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:肿瘤重症管理

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姚峪岚(1973—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:肿瘤重症管理

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姚峪岚(1973—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:肿瘤重症管理

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Analysis of the current situation,problems and countermeasures of long-term care insurance pilots inGuangzhou[J]. Soft Science of Health, 2024, 38(1): 1-7., articleTitle=Analysis of the current situation,problems and countermeasures of long-term care insurance pilots inGuangzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102753829802922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=吴敏, 王亚慧, journalName=卫生经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴敏,王亚慧.北京市长期护理保险试点实践与思考[J].卫生经济研究202340(12):20-23., articleTitle=北京市长期护理保险试点实践与思考, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241102753922077615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wu M, Wang YH, journalName=Health Economics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu M, Wang YH. Practice and thoughts on the pilot project of long-term care insurance inBeijing[J]. Health Economics Research, 2023, 40(12): 20-23., articleTitle=Practice and thoughts on the pilot project of long-term care insurance inBeijing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241102746435244605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, awardId=202240061, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市卫生健康委2022年度临床专项面上项目(202240061), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102746527519299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, awardId=20387, language=CN, fundingSource=美国中华医学基金会项目(20387), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241102746603016782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, awardId=2023WF02, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度上海市法学会卫生法学研究会立项课题(2023WF02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102740005376167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740013764776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, companyId=1241102740005376167, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Oncology Department, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai 201315, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740022153385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, companyId=1241102740005376167, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海国际医学中心 肿瘤科,上海 201315)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102740127010990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740131205295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, companyId=1241102740127010990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市卫生人才交流服务中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102740227674292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740240257206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, companyId=1241102740227674292, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心(上海市医学科学技术情报研究所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241102740319948986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102740328337595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, companyId=1241102740319948986, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.复旦大学)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102745759961590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

A list of items that cancer patients’ demands for home medical services

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度具体条目需求得分总排序
A基础医疗服务A1.上门打针1.25±0.7510
A2.静脉采血1.18±0.6522
A3.伤口(造口)护理1.12±0.5325
A4.PICC、静脉留置针护理1.11±0.5126
A5.留置胃管1.07±0.4227
A6.压疮护理1.07±0.4327
A7.用药指导1.20±0.6918
A8.不良反应监测1.17±0.6123
A9.复诊复查提醒1.20±0.7018
A10.检查检验结果解读1.30±0.854
B症状管理服务B1.癌痛管理指导1.19±0.6520
B2.认知障碍指导1.13±0.5424
B3.睡眠障碍指导1.21±0.7116
B4.应急症状管理(突然疼痛、局部肿胀、不明原因体重下降等特殊症状)1.28±0.807
B5.同时患有其他疾病的管理指导1.27±0.769
C康复指导C1.膳食营养指导1.29±0.825
C2.运动康复指导1.23±0.7215
C3.物理康复指导1.21±0.7016
C4.中医中药调理1.29±0.825
C5.心理疏导咨询1.24±0.7513
D健康教育和社会支持D1.疾病相关知识科普1.25±0.7410
D2.疾病进展监测及救护要领指导1.24±0.7413
D3.新药临床试验相关信息支持1.19±0.6720
D4.医疗资源信息支持(如医生专业、医院看病便捷等信息)1.32±0.863
D5.医保、保险等相关知识指导1.28±0.797
D6.联系药企、基金等慈善资助1.25±0.7510
D7.街道、居委、社区工作人员的帮助1.52±1.051
D8.其他社会资源支持(包括志愿者服务、社工服务等)1.44±0.982
), ArticleFig(id=1241102745885790722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

癌症患者对上门医疗服务需求的项目清单

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度具体条目需求得分总排序
A基础医疗服务A1.上门打针1.25±0.7510
A2.静脉采血1.18±0.6522
A3.伤口(造口)护理1.12±0.5325
A4.PICC、静脉留置针护理1.11±0.5126
A5.留置胃管1.07±0.4227
A6.压疮护理1.07±0.4327
A7.用药指导1.20±0.6918
A8.不良反应监测1.17±0.6123
A9.复诊复查提醒1.20±0.7018
A10.检查检验结果解读1.30±0.854
B症状管理服务B1.癌痛管理指导1.19±0.6520
B2.认知障碍指导1.13±0.5424
B3.睡眠障碍指导1.21±0.7116
B4.应急症状管理(突然疼痛、局部肿胀、不明原因体重下降等特殊症状)1.28±0.807
B5.同时患有其他疾病的管理指导1.27±0.769
C康复指导C1.膳食营养指导1.29±0.825
C2.运动康复指导1.23±0.7215
C3.物理康复指导1.21±0.7016
C4.中医中药调理1.29±0.825
C5.心理疏导咨询1.24±0.7513
D健康教育和社会支持D1.疾病相关知识科普1.25±0.7410
D2.疾病进展监测及救护要领指导1.24±0.7413
D3.新药临床试验相关信息支持1.19±0.6720
D4.医疗资源信息支持(如医生专业、医院看病便捷等信息)1.32±0.863
D5.医保、保险等相关知识指导1.28±0.797
D6.联系药企、基金等慈善资助1.25±0.7510
D7.街道、居委、社区工作人员的帮助1.52±1.051
D8.其他社会资源支持(包括志愿者服务、社工服务等)1.44±0.982
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746007425553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Monofactor analysis of cancer patients’ demands for home medical services(,score)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数需求总分ZP指标例数需求总分ZP
性别0.010.910肿瘤状态8.440.020
24234.88±14.32原位癌90634.10±13.47
91934.36±14.25继发/转移癌8836.58±15.48
年龄(岁)12.710.005不确定16735.33±17.38
18~5510635.42±16.72共患病数目28.74<0.001
56~6540333.43±13.10≤136833.18±14.23
66~7553134.29±13.432~350733.54±12.38
>7512137.86±18.224~1027737.45±16.38
婚姻状态1.120.290>10947.11±24.82
已婚1 10334.32±14.00体力活动84.29<0.001
未婚/离婚5837.36±18.57正常43131.72±11.68
文化程度6.730.040可从事轻体力活动53934.50±13.30
初中及以下49333.78±13.45无工作能力,生活自理16739.34±18.36
高中/中专53834.49±14.20久卧久坐,生活部分自理1944.21±20.11
本科及以上13036.99±17.04
经济状态评分58.86<0.001久卧,生活不能自理567.40±32.93
6742.43±21.92日常状态评分103.24<0.001
73835.29±14.663950.74±25.51
35631.26±10.2728339.28±18.20
确诊肿瘤时长(年)10.70.01083932.09±10.71
≤513936.47±16.33睡眠时长(小时)18.73<0.001
6~1038833.72±13.184~675235.40±15.28
11~2046934.28±14.397~939732.76±11.92
>2016535.07±14.40≥101232.58±14.33
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746108088858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

癌症患者对上门医疗服务需求的单因素分析(,分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数需求总分ZP指标例数需求总分ZP
性别0.010.910肿瘤状态8.440.020
24234.88±14.32原位癌90634.10±13.47
91934.36±14.25继发/转移癌8836.58±15.48
年龄(岁)12.710.005不确定16735.33±17.38
18~5510635.42±16.72共患病数目28.74<0.001
56~6540333.43±13.10≤136833.18±14.23
66~7553134.29±13.432~350733.54±12.38
>7512137.86±18.224~1027737.45±16.38
婚姻状态1.120.290>10947.11±24.82
已婚1 10334.32±14.00体力活动84.29<0.001
未婚/离婚5837.36±18.57正常43131.72±11.68
文化程度6.730.040可从事轻体力活动53934.50±13.30
初中及以下49333.78±13.45无工作能力,生活自理16739.34±18.36
高中/中专53834.49±14.20久卧久坐,生活部分自理1944.21±20.11
本科及以上13036.99±17.04
经济状态评分58.86<0.001久卧,生活不能自理567.40±32.93
6742.43±21.92日常状态评分103.24<0.001
73835.29±14.663950.74±25.51
35631.26±10.2728339.28±18.20
确诊肿瘤时长(年)10.70.01083932.09±10.71
≤513936.47±16.33睡眠时长(小时)18.73<0.001
6~1038833.72±13.184~675235.40±15.28
11~2046934.28±14.397~939732.76±11.92
>2016535.07±14.40≥101232.58±14.33
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746204557858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysisof cancer patients’ demands for home medical services

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未标准化系数标准化系数tP共线性统计
B标准误β容忍度VIF
(常量)52.2454.80210.879<0.001
年龄(岁)0.0070.0520.0040.1320.8950.8491.178
文化程度(对照:初中及以下)
高中/中专1.3330.8470.0471.5730.1160.8591.164
本科及以上3.2041.3260.0712.4160.0160.8781.139
经济状态评分-0.1890.092-0.072-2.0570.0400.6211.609
肿瘤确诊时长(年)0.0250.0590.0120.4290.6680.8991.112
肿瘤状态(对照:原位癌)
继发/转移癌-0.9141.527-0.017-0.5990.5500.9401.064
不确定1.4191.1330.0351.2530.2110.9711.030
共患病数目1.0350.2840.1113.643<0.0010.8131.231
体力活动(对照:正常)
可从事轻体力活动0.0260.9210.0010.0280.9780.7271.376
无工作能力,生活自理2.7851.3450.0692.0700.0590.6891.452
久卧久坐,生活部分自理2.5883.3320.0230.7770.4380.8591.165
久卧,生活不能自理26.4306.1480.1214.299<0.0010.9471.056
日常状态评分-0.4060.078-0.192-5.219<0.0010.5571.795
睡眠时长(小时)-0.1860.326-0.016-0.5710.5680.9121.096
), ArticleFig(id=1241102746292638254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102737086140529, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

癌症患者对上门医疗服务需求的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未标准化系数标准化系数tP共线性统计
B标准误β容忍度VIF
(常量)52.2454.80210.879<0.001
年龄(岁)0.0070.0520.0040.1320.8950.8491.178
文化程度(对照:初中及以下)
高中/中专1.3330.8470.0471.5730.1160.8591.164
本科及以上3.2041.3260.0712.4160.0160.8781.139
经济状态评分-0.1890.092-0.072-2.0570.0400.6211.609
肿瘤确诊时长(年)0.0250.0590.0120.4290.6680.8991.112
肿瘤状态(对照:原位癌)
继发/转移癌-0.9141.527-0.017-0.5990.5500.9401.064
不确定1.4191.1330.0351.2530.2110.9711.030
共患病数目1.0350.2840.1113.643<0.0010.8131.231
体力活动(对照:正常)
可从事轻体力活动0.0260.9210.0010.0280.9780.7271.376
无工作能力,生活自理2.7851.3450.0692.0700.0590.6891.452
久卧久坐,生活部分自理2.5883.3320.0230.7770.4380.8591.165
久卧,生活不能自理26.4306.1480.1214.299<0.0010.9471.056
日常状态评分-0.4060.078-0.192-5.219<0.0010.5571.795
睡眠时长(小时)-0.1860.326-0.016-0.5710.5680.9121.096
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上海浦东新区癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状分析
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姚峪岚 1 , 何书芬 2 , 华红伟 1 , 朱敏 1 , 丁罡 1 , 宋捷 3 , 朱青 4 , 陈珉惺 3
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(14): 2581-2586
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(14): 2581-2586
上海浦东新区癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状分析
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姚峪岚1, 何书芬2, 华红伟1, 朱敏1, 丁罡1, 宋捷3, 朱青4, 陈珉惺3
作者信息
  • 1.上海国际医学中心 肿瘤科,上海 201315
  • 2.上海市卫生人才交流服务中心
  • 3. 上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心(上海市医学科学技术情报研究所
  • 4.复旦大学
  • 姚峪岚(1973—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:肿瘤重症管理

通讯作者:

陈珉惺,E-mail:
Current home medical service demands for cancer patients in Pudong New Area, Shanghai
Yu-lan YAO1, Shu-fen HE2, Hong-wei HUA1, Min ZHU1, Gang DING1, Jie SONG3, Qing ZHU4, Min-xing CHEN3
Affiliations
  • Oncology Department, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai 201315, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311058
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目的

调查浦东新区癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状,分析主要影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样方法,自行设计调查问卷对浦东新区1 161例癌症患者进行调查,综合应用单因素分析、非参数秩和检验,并结合多元线性回归模型分析其影响因素。

结果

18.2%癌症患者有上门医疗服务需求,四个维度均有需求,其中对健康教育和社会支持、康复指导的需求较多,癌症患者需求受到年龄、文化程度、经济状态等诸多因素影响(P<0.05),其中驱动因素有共患病数目(β=0.111,t=3.643,P<0.001)、卧床不起(β=0.121,t=4.299,P<0.001)、本科及以上学历(β=0.071,t=2.416,P=0.016), 抑制因素有经济状态(β=-0.072,t=-2.057,P=0.04)、日常状态(β=-0.192,t=-5.219,P<0.001)。

结论

上门医疗服务在癌症患者中具有显著需求,相关机构应结合患者需求特点,完善服务项目评估、费用支付模式和相关法规政策,强化监管,以促进上门医疗服务的规范与持续发展。

癌症  /  上门医疗服务  /  需求
Objective

To investigate the demand for home medical service among cancer patients in Pudong New Area and analyze the main influencing factors.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used, and a self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1 161 cancer patients in Pudong New Area. Single-factor analysis, non-parametric rank sum test, and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

18.2% of cancer patients had home medical service demands, with demands across all four dimensions. Among which the demand for health education, social support and rehabilitation guidance was more. Cancer patients’ needs are influenced by factors such as age, education level, economic status, and more (P<0.05). The driving factors include the number of comorbidities (β=0.111, t=3.643, P<0.001), being bedridden (β=0.121, t=4.299, P<0.001), and having a college degree or higher (β=0.071, t=2.416, P=0.016). The inhibiting factors include economic status (β=-0.072, t=-2.057, P=0.04) and daily condition (β=-0.192, t=-5.219, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Home medical services have significant demands among cancer patients. Relevant institutions should combine the characteristics of patient needs, improve service project evaluation, cost payment models, and relevant laws and policies, and strengthen supervision to promote the standardized and sustainable development of home medical services.

Cancer  /  Home medical service  /  Demand
姚峪岚, 何书芬, 华红伟, 朱敏, 丁罡, 宋捷, 朱青, 陈珉惺. 上海浦东新区癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2581 -2586 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311058
Yu-lan YAO, Shu-fen HE, Hong-wei HUA, Min ZHU, Gang DING, Jie SONG, Qing ZHU, Min-xing CHEN. Current home medical service demands for cancer patients in Pudong New Area, Shanghai[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2581 -2586 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311058
癌症是世界范围内的一个主要的公共卫生问题,GLOBCAN估计2020年全球共有1 929万例新癌症病例和996万例癌症相关死亡[1],预计到2040年,全球癌症负担将超过每年2 700万新癌症病例[2]。作为世界上人口最多的国家,中国占全球癌症新增病例的23%以上,约占癌症死亡病例的30%[3],癌症的发病率随着国家社会经济发展水平的提高而增加,近几十年来,中国癌症负担不断加重,对公众健康构成严重威胁,经济负担沉重[4]。以医疗机构为依托的居家上门医疗服务是政府近年来提倡的医疗服务模式,以上门医疗服务团体为主体,为符合上门医疗服务需求的患者提供上门巡诊、家庭病床等居家医疗服务[5],目前我国上门医疗服务在发展过程中面临着供给与需求不匹配的挑战[6]。我们发现,癌症患者往往在治疗阶段投入更多的精力和关注,但对癌后生存护理的重视程度不足,这种情况亟待我们关注并解决。考虑到患者的个体差异和生理心理脆弱性,上门医疗服务作为一种新型的医疗模式,可以为癌症患者提供便捷和个性化的医疗服务,在满足患者需求方面具有积极意义。目前国内上门医疗服务尚处于起步阶段,尤其服务癌症患者的相关研究仍相对匮乏,我们的研究旨在填补这一服务空白,为癌症患者的康复提供一种新的、有创新性的照护方式。本研究以上海市浦东新区的癌症患者为研究对象,从基本医疗服务、症状管理服务、康复指导、健康教育和社会支持四个维度了解癌症患者对上门医疗服务的需求现状,探讨癌症患者对上门医疗服务需求的影响因素,旨在更好地为癌症患者提供上门医疗服务。
采用便利抽样方法,对上海浦东新区的癌症患者进行调查,发放问卷1 161份、无效问卷0份、问卷有效率100%。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)近三个月居住在上海;(3)病理组织检查确诊为任何一种癌症;(4)意识清楚,自愿参与本调查。排除标准:(1)有精神病史;(2)认知功能障碍;(3)无基本读写能力。研究获上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心(上海市医学科学技术情报研究所)委员会审批(SHDRC2022005)。
(1)一般情况调查表:根据研究目的由研究者自行设计,包括性别、年龄、婚姻状态、受教育程度、工作状态、月均收入等社会人口学资料和癌症类型、确诊时间、疾病分期、治疗方式、共患病数目等患病资料。(2)患者上门服务需求量表:由研究者根据专家建议自行设计。量表共包含4个维度,28个条目,分别是基础医疗服务(10个条目)、症状管理服务(5个条目)、康复指导(5个条目)、健康教育和社会支持(8个条目)。将 “不需要”到 “非常需要”划分为五个等级,分别对应1到5分。维度得分为同维度下各条目得分之和,各维度得分之和为上门服务需求总分数,分数越高表示上门服务需求越高。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.902,内容效度为0.955。
利用问卷星制作问卷,通过上海市癌症患者俱乐部将问卷二维码发放到患者群进行在线填写,共计回收有效问卷1 161份。
采用Excel对数据进行双人录入,使用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。计量资料采用(均数±标准差)表示,计数资料采用频数和百分比表示。对符合正态分布的资料采用单因素分析,不符合正态分布的采用非参数秩和检验,对有统计学意义的变量进行多元线性分析,检验水准α=0.05。
本次参与调查的1 161例癌症患者中,男性242例(20.8%),女性919例(79.2%),平均年龄为66岁。人数较多的前3种癌型依次为乳腺癌(42.2%)、气管/支气管和肺癌(13.4%)、结直肠癌(12.7%),共病患病率为83.6%,大部分患者(55.6%)情况较为稳定,无需治疗,还有部分患者(34.4%)在采用中医药治疗。医保类型以城镇职工基本医疗保险(44.1%)、城乡居民基本医疗保险(23.1%)和沪惠保(21.7%)为主。
根据患者的回答,18.2%的癌症患者表示需要上门医疗服务,81.8%的癌症患者表示不需要上门医疗服务,已经接受过上门服务的患者比例为3.6%。四个维度均呈显著正相关(r∈[0.599,0.723]),症状管理服务需求与康复指导的相关性最强。癌症患者在四个维度的需求均分从高到低依次为:健康教育和社会支持>康复指导>症状管理服务>基本医疗服务。从癌症患者对上门医疗服务需求情况详见表1
通过对癌症患者上门医疗服务需求得分进行单因素分析,结果显示癌症患者不同年龄、文化程度、经济状态、肿瘤确认时长、肿瘤状态、共患病数、体力活动、日常状态、睡眠时长的上门需求得分比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.05),见表2。进一步将有统计学意义的变量纳入多元线性回归模型中,将分类变量设置为哑变量,结果显示癌症患者上门服务需求的驱动因素包括:本科及以上学历、共患病数目、卧床不起,需求抑制因素包括:经济状态、日常状态(P<0.05),见表3
国际癌症研究机构数据显示癌症新发病例中60岁以上者占到64%[1],本研究中调研对象在60岁以上者占比达到81.14%,癌症患者出院后仍需持续性医疗支持,但这会因出院而中断,癌症患者在非医疗场所中无法获取连续的专业服务令患者及主要照顾者深感不便,他们渴望得到专业的信息支持[8],尤其老年癌症患者普遍存在明显的信息需求、生理需求、心理和情感需求、社会家庭支持需求[9]。从本研究结果可以看出,浦东新区18.2%癌症患者表示有上门医疗服务需求,需求内容表现为多维度、综合性的。年龄、文化程度、经济状态、肿瘤确认时长、肿瘤状态、共患病数、体力活动、日常状态、睡眠等因素显著影响其对上门医疗服务的需求,其中共患病数目、卧床不起、本科及以上学历等因素是驱动需求的关键因素,而经济状态、患者日常状态等因素是抑制需求的主要因素。已有研究表明,癌症患者常常同时承受身体上的痛苦和心理上的负担[10],通过心理社会支持[11-12]、持续性健康教育[13]、综合护理[14]等措施可以有效减轻患者心理负担,提升生存质量。而实际情况是,对文化程度较高的患者而言,在医院就诊过程中肿瘤科医生短暂提供的信息支持,特别是在心理健康和健康相关生命质量方面,往往无法满足其持续的信息需求[15],他们更希望通过上门医疗服务满足需求。另外,一些经济状态较差的患者对上门医疗服务的需求也较高[16],这可能是考虑到住院治疗这些问题会带来沉重的经济负担,同时也导致家庭成员的照护工作负担过重[17],患者更希望选择上门医疗服务方式来减轻负担。
近年来,国家和地方均在积极推动上门医疗服务模式发展,从服务形式[18]、服务项目[19-20]、费用支付机制[21-22]等方面进行多种探索性实践。如上海主要通过开展家庭医生签约服务、家庭病床服务、老年人居家医疗护理服务等,实施基本医疗保险、长期护理保险制度、商业保险等措施积极推进上门医疗服务,但是从目前上海市推出的上门医疗服务项目清单来看,提供的服务项目与本研究调研的实际需求的匹配程度较差,如上海市家庭病床服务项目清单以基础医疗护理服务为主,涉及症状管理服务和康复指导的项目比较少,而在健康教育和社会支持方面的项目则非常欠缺。再如上海长期护理保险基金为发生的居家上门照护服务支付90%的费用,但服务内容仅包括基本生活照料和常用的临床护理,而癌症患者需求较强烈的健康教育、社会支持、康复指导等服务项目并未纳入保险范畴。这种供需错位很大程度上影响患者对上门医疗服务的使用率,本研究中八成的癌症患者表示不需要上门医疗服务也间接反映了这一问题。因此,有效推动上门医疗服务新业态发展,必须要充分摸清服务群体的特点和实际需求,加快建立以需求为导向的服务机制。
在当前的医疗环境下,上门医疗服务成为满足老龄化社会老弱失能人群卫生服务需求的有效途径,提高了癌症患者对医疗需求的可及性。当前阶段面向癌症患者的上门医疗服务体系尚未建立,在服务的标准、内容、流程、价格以及质量监管等各方面缺乏相应标准,未来需要充分考虑癌症患者多层次、多样化的需求特点,进一步探索科学评估服务项目的内容和方法,同时需要加强相关政策支持力度,健全相关医疗法律保障,建立科学的医疗保险支付模式,强化监督管理力度。
综上所述,上门医疗服务是癌症人群出院后获得持续性医疗支持的有效途径,政策层面也在积极响应这一需求。然而面对人口老龄化不断加速、患癌数量持续增长以及恶性肿瘤生存率逐渐上升,作为医疗系统发展的重要组成部分,上门医疗服务发展进程需要提速。当前需要加快建立符合患者需求的服务项目以及科学的支付模式,完善相关法律法规和政策,强化监督管理,促进上门医疗服务的规范性和可持续发展。
  • 上海市卫生健康委2022年度临床专项面上项目(202240061)
  • 美国中华医学基金会项目(20387)
  • 2023年度上海市法学会卫生法学研究会立项课题(2023WF02)
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311058
  • 接收时间:2023-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-03
基金
上海市卫生健康委2022年度临床专项面上项目(202240061)
美国中华医学基金会项目(20387)
2023年度上海市法学会卫生法学研究会立项课题(2023WF02)
作者信息
    1.上海国际医学中心 肿瘤科,上海 201315
    2.上海市卫生人才交流服务中心
    3. 上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心(上海市医学科学技术情报研究所
    4.复旦大学

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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