Article(id=1241102736238891110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707148800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831550892, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831550892, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831550892, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831550892, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2558, endPage=2561, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102736637349993, articleId=1241102736238891110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between family functioning and emotion regulation strategies among elementary school students, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the association between family functioning and primary school students’ emotion regulation strategies, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of primary school students’ psychological health.

Methods

A random cluster sampling method was used to select 9 868 students from six primary schools in a region of Xinjiang for the study, and questionnaires were administered using the Basic Information Questionnaire, the Family Functioning Scale (FAD), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA).

Results

The total family functioning score of primary school students was (138.99±17.54), and multiple linear regression analyses showed that total family functioning (β=-1.03), problem-solving (β=-0.10), affective involvement (β=-0.09), communication (β=0.05), affective response (β=0.05), and age (β=0.50) had a predictive role in primary school students’ cognitive reassessment strategy effect (R2=0.101, all P<0.01). Total family functioning (β=0.22), problem-solving scores (β=0.18), emotional involvement scores (β=0.09), roles (β=0.04), and communication (β=-0.03) were predictive of primary schools’ children’s expressive inhibition strategies (R2=0.120, all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Elementary school students’ family functioning is at a moderately low level, and upper primary schools’ students are more inclined to use the emotion regulation strategy of expression inhibition, which can be improved by increasing the level of family functioning in each dimension.

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目的

分析家庭功能与小学生情绪调节策略间的关联,为促进小学生心理健康发展提供理论依据。

方法

采用随机整群抽样法,抽取新疆某地区 6 所小学 9 868 名在校生为研究对象,使用基本情况调查表、家庭功能量表(FAD)、儿童青少年情绪调节问卷(ERQ-CA)进行问卷调查。

结果

小学生家庭功能总分为(138.99±17.54)分,多重线性回归分析显示,家庭总功能(β=-1.03)、问题解决(β=-0.10)、情感介入(β=-0.09)、沟通(β=0.05)、情感反应(β=0.05)和年龄(β=0.50)对小学生的认知重评策略有预测作用(R2=0.101,P均<0.01)。家庭总功能(β=0.22)、问题解决得分(β=0.18)、情感介入得分(β=0.09)、角色(β=0.04)和沟通(β=-0.03)对小学生的表达抑制策略有预测作用(R2=0.120,P均<0.05)。

结论

小学生的家庭功能处于中等偏低水平,高年级小学生更倾向于使用表达抑制的情绪调节策略,可通过提升各维度的家庭功能水平改善小学生的情绪调节策略。

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左彭湘,E-mail:
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尹菲菲(1999-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理及儿童发展性阅读障碍

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Comparison of scores of emotion regulation strategies of pupils in different grades (n=9 397,)

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年龄
(岁)
人数
(人)
认知重评表达抑制FAD总分
6~72 45430.08±8.1715.63±5.52137.36±18.21
8~92 45430.18±8.5015.67±6.05138.22±17.28
10~112 47629.31±8.0215.83±5.55139.74±17.35
≥122 01328.93±7.2916.06±5.04140.97±17.02
F12.6442.73118.739
P<0.050<0.050<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241102743830581562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102736238891110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同年龄小学生情绪调节策略和家庭功能得分比较(n=9 397,

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年龄
(岁)
人数
(人)
认知重评表达抑制FAD总分
6~72 45430.08±8.1715.63±5.52137.36±18.21
8~92 45430.18±8.5015.67±6.05138.22±17.28
10~112 47629.31±8.0215.83±5.55139.74±17.35
≥122 01328.93±7.2916.06±5.04140.97±17.02
F12.6442.73118.739
P<0.050<0.050<0.001
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Results of correlation analysis between family function and emotion regulation strategies of primary school students (n=9 397, r)

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变量CMRLARAIPSBCGFFAD总分
认知重评-0.17a-0.16a-0.15a-0.12a-0.11a-0.13a-0.30a-0.24a
表达抑制0.21a0.18a0.19a0.13a0.16a0.13a0.32a0.27a
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家庭功能与小学生情绪调节策略相关性分析结果(n=9 397,r

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变量CMRLARAIPSBCGFFAD总分
认知重评-0.17a-0.16a-0.15a-0.12a-0.11a-0.13a-0.30a-0.24a
表达抑制0.21a0.18a0.19a0.13a0.16a0.13a0.32a0.27a
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Multiple linear regression analysis of cognitive reappraisal in primary school students (n=9 397)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被预测变量预测变量未标准β标准误标准化βtP
认知重评常量40.530.90-45.19<0.01
GF-6.500.32-0.31-20.30<0.01
PS-0.860.12-0.10-7.04<0.01
AI-0.860.16-0.09-5.36<0.01
CM1.200.310.053.92<0.01
AR0.810.270.052.98<0.01
年龄0.290.060.054.68<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241102744245817691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102736238891110, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

小学生认知重评策略的多重线性回归分析(n=9 397)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被预测变量预测变量未标准β标准误标准化βtP
认知重评常量40.530.90-45.19<0.01
GF-6.500.32-0.31-20.30<0.01
PS-0.860.12-0.10-7.04<0.01
AI-0.860.16-0.09-5.36<0.01
CM1.200.310.053.92<0.01
AR0.810.270.052.98<0.01
年龄0.290.060.054.68<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241102744346480997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102736238891110, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of expression inhibition in primary school students (n=9 397)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被预测变量预测变量未标准β标准误标准化βtP
表达抑制常量3.700.428.76<0.01
GF3.590.220.2416.54<0.01
PS1.100.180.1813.04<0.01
AI0.630.090.095.07<0.01
RL0.50-0.030.042.26<0.05
CM-0.470.04-0.03-2.22<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241102744459727217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102736238891110, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

小学生表达抑制策略的多重线性回归分析(n=9 397)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被预测变量预测变量未标准β标准误标准化βtP
表达抑制常量3.700.428.76<0.01
GF3.590.220.2416.54<0.01
PS1.100.180.1813.04<0.01
AI0.630.090.095.07<0.01
RL0.50-0.030.042.26<0.05
CM-0.470.04-0.03-2.22<0.05
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小学生家庭功能与情绪调节策略的关联研究
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尹菲菲 , 钟琳 , 张静 , 肖欣雨 , 左彭湘
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(14): 2558-2561
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(14): 2558-2561
小学生家庭功能与情绪调节策略的关联研究
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尹菲菲, 钟琳, 张静, 肖欣雨, 左彭湘
作者信息
  • 石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子 832000
  • 尹菲菲(1999-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理及儿童发展性阅读障碍

通讯作者:

左彭湘,E-mail:
Associations between family functioning and emotion regulation strategies among elementary school students
Fei-fei YIN, Lin ZHONG, Jing ZHANG, Xin -yu XIAO, Peng-xiang ZUO
Affiliations
  • Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072
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目的

分析家庭功能与小学生情绪调节策略间的关联,为促进小学生心理健康发展提供理论依据。

方法

采用随机整群抽样法,抽取新疆某地区 6 所小学 9 868 名在校生为研究对象,使用基本情况调查表、家庭功能量表(FAD)、儿童青少年情绪调节问卷(ERQ-CA)进行问卷调查。

结果

小学生家庭功能总分为(138.99±17.54)分,多重线性回归分析显示,家庭总功能(β=-1.03)、问题解决(β=-0.10)、情感介入(β=-0.09)、沟通(β=0.05)、情感反应(β=0.05)和年龄(β=0.50)对小学生的认知重评策略有预测作用(R2=0.101,P均<0.01)。家庭总功能(β=0.22)、问题解决得分(β=0.18)、情感介入得分(β=0.09)、角色(β=0.04)和沟通(β=-0.03)对小学生的表达抑制策略有预测作用(R2=0.120,P均<0.05)。

结论

小学生的家庭功能处于中等偏低水平,高年级小学生更倾向于使用表达抑制的情绪调节策略,可通过提升各维度的家庭功能水平改善小学生的情绪调节策略。

小学生  /  家庭功能  /  情绪调节策略  /  心理健康
Objective

To analyze the association between family functioning and primary school students’ emotion regulation strategies, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of primary school students’ psychological health.

Methods

A random cluster sampling method was used to select 9 868 students from six primary schools in a region of Xinjiang for the study, and questionnaires were administered using the Basic Information Questionnaire, the Family Functioning Scale (FAD), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA).

Results

The total family functioning score of primary school students was (138.99±17.54), and multiple linear regression analyses showed that total family functioning (β=-1.03), problem-solving (β=-0.10), affective involvement (β=-0.09), communication (β=0.05), affective response (β=0.05), and age (β=0.50) had a predictive role in primary school students’ cognitive reassessment strategy effect (R2=0.101, all P<0.01). Total family functioning (β=0.22), problem-solving scores (β=0.18), emotional involvement scores (β=0.09), roles (β=0.04), and communication (β=-0.03) were predictive of primary schools’ children’s expressive inhibition strategies (R2=0.120, all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Elementary school students’ family functioning is at a moderately low level, and upper primary schools’ students are more inclined to use the emotion regulation strategy of expression inhibition, which can be improved by increasing the level of family functioning in each dimension.

Primary school students  /  Family function  /  Emotion regulation strategies  /  Mental health
尹菲菲, 钟琳, 张静, 肖欣雨, 左彭湘. 小学生家庭功能与情绪调节策略的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2558 -2561 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072
Fei-fei YIN, Lin ZHONG, Jing ZHANG, Xin -yu XIAO, Peng-xiang ZUO. Associations between family functioning and emotion regulation strategies among elementary school students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2558 -2561 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072
情绪调节是指个体为完成目标进行的监控、评估和修正情绪反应的内在与外在过程[1],对个体的心理健康发展起到了重要作用。根据Gross的情绪调节理论,个体在情绪调节时使用的策略分为认知重评和反应抑制[2]。小学阶段是儿童情绪调节发展的关键时期,选择合适的情绪调节策略是决定情绪调节成败的关键变量,对儿童早期社会性发展和心理发展起着关键作用[3],而家庭功能是影响个体发展的重要社会资源[4]。已有研究证实,家庭功能的失调会对儿童的社会心理适应发展造成消极影响,更容易导致儿童出现心理健康问题(如抑郁、网瘾)[5]。目前,我国已有关于青少年家庭功能[6]与情绪调节策略的研究[7],但小学生家庭功能现状及其与情绪调节策略的相关性尚不明确。基于此,本研究于2023年3—7月调查新疆某地区6所小学所有在校生的家庭功能水平和情绪调节策略,并进一步探索两者之间的关联,从而为促进儿童心理健康发展措施提供科学理论依据。
2023年3—7月采用随机整群抽样方法展开调查,从新疆某地区20所小学中随机抽取6所作为调研学校,将6所学校中所有在校学生作为研究对象,共9 868名。使用问卷调查法,在班主任老师的协助下发放问卷,问卷共发放9 868份,剔除无效问卷,获得有效问卷 9 397 份,有效率为 95.23%。其中男生4 307名(45.8%),女生5 090名(54.2%),平均年龄为(10.47±1.29)岁。本研究经石河子大学附属第一医院伦理委员会批准(批准号: KJX2022-019-01),并得到各小学校长、学生及其监护人的知情同意。
采用自编问卷收集儿童的一般人口学资料,包括年龄、性别、父母文化程度、家庭总人数、家庭居住地等。
FAD 是由 Epstein 等以 McMaster家庭功能模式理论为指导研制的家庭功能测评工具,分为 7 个维度,主要有问题解决(problem solving,PS)、沟通(communication,CM)、角色(roles,RL)、情感反应(affective responsiveness,AR)、情感介入(affective involvement,AI)、行为控制(behavior control,BC)和总功能(general functioning,GF),一共 60 个条目,总分为 240 分,60~120分代表家庭功能良好,121~180分代表家庭功能一般,181~240分代表家庭功能差。FAD分量表得分为各条目得分平均值,问题解决、沟通交流、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制、总体功能维度不良功能的界值分别为2.20分、2.20分、2.30分、2.20分、2.10分、1.90分、2.00分,维度得分大于此界值表示功能不良,反之提示功能良好;得分越高,表明被试功能越差。FAD 是目前最有效的家庭功能测评工具之一[9],本研究中该量表由学生家长填写,该量表的Cronbach α 系数为0.98,表明该量表的内部一致程度高。本研究对该量表的效度检验采用探索性因子分析,60个题项的KMO值为0.992,Bartlett球形度检验P<0.001,满足探索性因子分析要求。
该问卷由我国学者陈亮等[10]修订,共10个条目,分为表达抑制和认知重评两个维度。维度得分越高代表个体更倾向于使用哪种情绪调节策略[11]。本研究中该量表由学生填写,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.898,表示问卷的内部一致程度较高。本研究对该量表的效度检验采用探索性因子分析,10个题项的KMO值为0.926,Bartlett球形度检验P<0.001,满足探索性因子分析要求。
严格调查培训,统一问卷标准。取得学校、老师、学生及其监护人知情同意后,由调查员培训各学校所有的班主任和语文老师,采用统一指导语介绍研究目的、意义、问卷填写的要求。培训后老师召开家长会,协助调查员组织学生及其监护人分别填写问卷,确保所有学生及监护人能正确理解问卷内容并做出客观回答。
数据采用 EpiData 3.1双人录入。采用SPSS 26.0 软件进行统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布,对不同维度的家庭功能采用()表示,用独立样本t检验和方差分析考察小学生在家庭功能和情绪调节策略各维度间的人口统计学指标上的差异。情绪调节策略与家庭功能各因子相关性分析使用Pearson相关分析,建立多重线性回归模型分析小学生家庭功能水平与情绪调节策略间的关联,检验水准 α= 0.05。
小学生FAD总分为(138.99±17.54)分,问题解决、沟通交流、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制、总体功能维度的家庭功能均分分别为(2.05±0.74,2.30±0.34,2.41±0.46,2.41±0.47,2.58±0.82,2.42±0.28,2.58±0.38)分。性别、父母文化程度、家庭总人数、家庭居住地在FAD各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄在FAD得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),见表1
小学生认知重评与表达抑制得分分别为(29.66±8.05)及(15.78±5.57)分。不同年龄小学生在ERQ-CA各维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。性别、父母文化程度、家庭总人数、家庭居住地在ERQ-CA各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
Pearson相关分析显示,FAD的7个维度与 ERQ-CA两个维度的相关系数均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中认知重评与FAD总分负相关(r=-0.30,P<0.05),表达抑制与FAD总分正相关(r=0.32,P<0.05)。见表2
以认知重评作为因变量,将年龄和家庭功能七个维度得分作为自变量纳入模型,采用“步入法”进行多重线性回归分析,结果显示家庭总功能、问题解决、情感介入、沟通、情感反应和年龄进入方程模型后,模型的预测性最好,R2=0.101,F=8.857,P<0.01,其中家庭总功能的标准化β值最大,说明家庭总功能对认知重评的影响最大,其次是问题解决、情感介入、沟通、情感反应和年龄,见表3
以表达抑制作为因变量,将年龄和家庭功能七个维度得分作为自变量纳入模型,采用“步入法”进行多重线性回归分析,结果显示家庭总功能、问题解决、情感介入、沟通和角色进入回归方程后,模型的预测性最好,R2=0.120,F=4.934,P<0.05,其他维度均无统计学意义,其中家庭总功能的标准化β值最大,说明家庭总功能对表达抑制的影响最大,其次是问题解决、情感介入、角色和沟通,见表4。对模型进行共线性分析和残差检验,共线性检验各自变量VIF值均<6,残差亦服从正态分布。
本研究结果显示小学生FAD总分为72~190分,均值为(138.99±17.54)分,处于中等偏下水平。根据FAD各维度功能不良界值和平均得分,发现小学生家庭解决问题的功能较好,但家庭的沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入和行为控制方面还存在功能不良。这可能与研究对象父母的家庭教育观念有关。已有研究表明,父母的教育观念与孩子的人格塑造有关,很多父母的家庭教育观念还停留在传统阶段[13],过于注重孩子的学习成绩和行为规范,而忽视了孩子的情感需求和心理健康,这可能是造成各维度家庭功能差异较大的主要原因。
情绪调节策略的选择对于儿童来说至关重要。随着年龄的增长,儿童开始经历更多的情绪变化和挑战。既往研究证实,青少年选择认知重评策略与其抑郁症状存在显著负相关,而表达抑制策略与其抑郁症状存在显著正相关[14]。本研究结果显示小学生在情绪调节时主要使用认知重评策略,但随着年龄的增长,小学生越来越倾向于选择表达抑制策略,这与徐莹等的研究结果相似[15]。当儿童经历不良的情绪压力,却不会选择有效的情绪调节策略进行自我疏导,会导致体内肾上腺素和皮质醇水平持续升高,最终可能会对儿童的身体、心理和行为产生不良影响[16]
家庭是影响儿童情绪调节能力发展的重要因素。本研究发现,小学生家庭功能总分及各维度得分均与认知重评负相关,但均与表达抑制正相关,即家庭功能与小学生认知重评策略呈正相关,与表达抑制策略呈负相关。小学生家庭功能越好,更倾向于选择有效的认知重评策略;小学生家庭功能越差,更倾向于选择无效的表达抑制策略。多重线性回归分析发现,家庭总功能、问题解决、情感介入、沟通、情感反应和年龄对小学生的认知重评策略有预测作用,其中家庭总功能、问题解决、情感介入得分对小学生的认知重评策略是负向预测作用,家庭沟通得分、情感反应得分和儿童年龄对认知重评策略是正向预测作用。既往研究表明,父母解决家庭问题所产生的情绪、行为、态度和理念的思维模式会影响儿童的情绪和社会功能[17],儿童会学习父母应对刺激时的情绪反应并将其内化为自己的行为方式[18]。小学生正处于学习情绪调节的关键期,父母平和的情绪表达和对子女情绪的支持性回应会促使学生在大脑的海马区储存有效的情绪调节记忆[19],在面对情绪压力时,大脑会自动选择有效的认知重评策略,从而产生积极的情绪反应。另外,本研究还发现,家庭总功能、问题解决、情感介入、沟通和角色对小学生的表达抑制策略有预测作用,其中家庭总功能、问题解决和情感介入得分与表达抑制呈正相关,家庭角色得分与表达抑制呈负相关,这与朱文琪的研究相似[20]。良好的家庭沟通是家庭情感交流和角色分配的重要基础,对儿童情绪的调节能力起到了核心作用。家庭的良好沟通体现了所有家庭成员的平等[21],而父母与孩子低频率的情感交流导致小学生在遇到困境时无法开放平等地与父母交谈,无处倾诉自己的想法和感受,更倾向选择表达抑制的情绪调节策略,这使小学生长期处于慢性的情绪压力中,心理应激水平不断提升,导致其下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的持续激活,进而促使皮质醇的过度分泌,引起脑部结构发生变化[19],从而影响身心健康和正常发育。
综上所述,小学时期正处于掌握多种情绪调节策略的关键时期,是不良情绪早期识别和有效干预的机遇期。随着年龄的增长,小学生开始经历更多的情绪变化和挑战,家长和教师应抓住小学生情绪调节发展的关键期,关注学生的情绪变化,引导学生采取积极的情绪调节策略去调节和疏导不良情绪,可能有助于减少儿童心理疾病的发生。同时学校要加强家长的家庭教育宣传,让家长意识到家庭功能不良给孩子带来的负面情绪影响。此外,因本研究属于横断面研究,尚不能明确小学生家庭功能与情绪调节策略间的作用关系,今后研究可采用前瞻性研究,进一步明确家庭功能与情绪调节策略间的因果关联及潜在机制。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072
  • 接收时间:2024-02-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06
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    石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子 832000

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左彭湘,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402072
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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