Article(id=1241102731629360035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403496, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831549794, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831549794, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831549794, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831549794, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2675, endPage=2682, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102732023624616, articleId=1241102731629360035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism among adults in Kunming City, 2020, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and its influencing factors in Kunming, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Methods

From August to November 2020, 6332 eligible residents from 32 administrative villages/neighborhood committees in 4 counties (districts) of Kunming City were selected as survey subjects, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism.

Results

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adults in Kunming was 26.93% (PDM 12.86%, diabetes 14.07%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥60 years old (OR=2.408, 95%CI:1.468-3.951), overweight (OR=1.348, 95%CI:1.063-1.709), central obesity (OR=1.740, 95%CI:1.374-2.203), hypertension (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.020-1.660) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.407, 95%CI:1.160-1.706) were associated with the risk of PDM. 40-49 years old (OR=3.230,95%CI:1.942-5.373), 50 - 59 years old (OR=5.229,95%CI:3.229-8.467),≥60 years old (OR=8.924,95%CI:5.515-14.438), low body weight (OR=1.065,95%CI:1.032-2.498), obesity (OR=1.540,95%CI:1.180-2.009), central obesity (OR=1.565, 95%CI:1.288-1.901), hypertension (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.264-1.737) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.677, 95%CI:1.437-1.958). Family history of diabetes (OR=3.926, 95%CI:3.179-4.850) and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.473, 95%CI:1.259-1.725) were associated with the risk of diabetes. Physical labor (OR=0.581, 95%CI:0.387-0.873) was associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus. There were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adult residents of Kunming City is high. Age, overweight and obesity, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, family history of diabetes, and lack of physical activity are risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism. Prevention and control should be focused on these factors.

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目的

了解昆明市居民糖代谢异常患病情况及其影响因素,为相关部门开展糖尿病防治工作提供参考依据。

方法

于2020年8—11月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取昆明市4个县(区)共32个行政村/居委会符合条件的6 332名居民作为调查对象,采取问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测收集所需数据。采用多因素logistic回归分析糖代谢异常的影响因素。

结果

昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病率为26.93%(PDM为12.86%,糖尿病为14.07%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,≥60岁(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.468~3.951)、超重(OR=1.348,95%CI:1.063~1.709)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.740,95%CI:1.374~2.203)、高血压(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.020~1.660)和血脂异常(OR=1.407,95%CI:1.160~1.706)与PDM患病风险有关;40~49岁(OR=3.230,95%CI:1.942~5.373)、50~59岁(OR=5.229,95%CI:3.229~8.467)、≥60岁(OR=8.924,95%CI:5.515~14.438)、低体重(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.032~2.498)、肥胖(OR=1.540,95%CI:1.180~2.009)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.565,95%CI:1.288~1.901)、高血压(OR=1.482,95%CI:1.264~1.737)和血脂异常(OR=1.677,95%CI:1.437~1.958)、糖尿病家族遗传史(OR=3.926,95%CI:3.179~4.850)、体力活不足(OR=1.473,95%CI:1.259~1.725)与糖尿病患病风险有关,体力劳动(OR=0.581,95%CI:0.387~0.873)与糖尿病糖尿病低风险有关,均有统计学意义。

结论

昆明市成人居民糖代谢异常患病率较高,年龄、超重与肥胖、高血压与血脂异常病史、糖尿病家族遗传史、体力活不足是糖代谢异常的危险因素,应重点针对上述因素进行预防与控制。

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张茂镕,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AM4JSRnL9or9VVO9vksPSA==, magXml=ns6/8fn/bAdpjKWDQxFpNA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QrdydjhXW2ruJLFopaqfsA==, pdfFileSize=676282, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zAdY38GIpDkZln5SwRYgqw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

颜芳(1982—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性病防制工作

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颜芳(1982—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性病防制工作

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Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 28(1): 59-62., articleTitle=Analysis on prevalence of diabetes and its influencing factors among adult residents in 14 counties(districts) of Anhui Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102732753433534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102732757627839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, companyId=1241102732753433534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases,Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650035, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102732766016448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, companyId=1241102732753433534, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=昆明市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制科,云南 昆明 650035)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102737073565849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
PDM0-否;1-是
DM0-否;1-是
性别1-男性;2-女性
年龄1-18~39岁;2-40~49岁;3-50~59岁;4-≥60岁
文化程度1-小学及以下;2-初中;3-高中/中专/技校;4-大专及以上
职业类型1-体力劳动;2-脑力劳动;3-退休/无工作
吸烟情况1-是;2-否
饮酒情况1-是;2-否
静坐时间(h/d)1-<2;2-2~4;3-≥5
BMI分级1-正常;2-低体重;3-超重;4-肥胖
中心性肥胖1-是;2-否
高血压1-否;2-是
高血脂1-否;2-是
体力活动不足1-否;2-是
糖尿病家族遗传史1-否;2-是
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737178423460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多因素logistic回归分析变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
PDM0-否;1-是
DM0-否;1-是
性别1-男性;2-女性
年龄1-18~39岁;2-40~49岁;3-50~59岁;4-≥60岁
文化程度1-小学及以下;2-初中;3-高中/中专/技校;4-大专及以上
职业类型1-体力劳动;2-脑力劳动;3-退休/无工作
吸烟情况1-是;2-否
饮酒情况1-是;2-否
静坐时间(h/d)1-<2;2-2~4;3-≥5
BMI分级1-正常;2-低体重;3-超重;4-肥胖
中心性肥胖1-是;2-否
高血压1-否;2-是
高血脂1-否;2-是
体力活动不足1-否;2-是
糖尿病家族遗传史1-否;2-是
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737262309549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sociology of Population characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征例数构成比(%)
性别
男性2 52239.83
女性3 81060.17
年龄(岁)
18~3973011.53
40~491 12417.75
50~591 97731.22
≥602 50139.50
职业类型
脑力劳动2574.06
体力劳动4 57972.32
退休/无职业1 49623.63
文化程度
小学及以下3 48955.10
初中1 95330.84
高中/中专/技校5719.02
大专及以上3195.04
总计6 332100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737409110200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社会人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征例数构成比(%)
性别
男性2 52239.83
女性3 81060.17
年龄(岁)
18~3973011.53
40~491 12417.75
50~591 97731.22
≥602 50139.50
职业类型
脑力劳动2574.06
体力劳动4 57972.32
退休/无职业1 49623.63
文化程度
小学及以下3 48955.10
初中1 95330.84
高中/中专/技校5719.02
大专及以上3195.04
总计6 332100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737501384896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis on the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in diabetes patients of different sexes and ages(n(%))

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)男性女性总计
PDMDM合计PDMDM合计PDMDM合计
18~3917(6.69)7(2.76)24(9.45)28(5.88)13(2.73)41(8.61)45(6.16)20(2.74)65(8.90)
40~4936(8.61)45(10.77)81(19.38)51(7.22)45(6.37)96(13.60)87(7.74)90(8.01)177(15.75)
50~5995(12.40)115(15.01)210(27.42)151(12.47)152(12.55)303(25.02)246(12.44)267(13.51)513(25.95)
≥60198(18.27)210(19.37)408(37.64)238(16.80)304(21.45)542(38.25)436(17.43)514(20.55)950(37.98)
合计346(13.72)377(14.95)723(28.67)468(12.28)514(13.49)982(25.77)814(12.86)891(14.07)1 705(26.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737585270989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同性别、年龄研究对象DM代谢异常患病情况分析(n(%))

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)男性女性总计
PDMDM合计PDMDM合计PDMDM合计
18~3917(6.69)7(2.76)24(9.45)28(5.88)13(2.73)41(8.61)45(6.16)20(2.74)65(8.90)
40~4936(8.61)45(10.77)81(19.38)51(7.22)45(6.37)96(13.60)87(7.74)90(8.01)177(15.75)
50~5995(12.40)115(15.01)210(27.42)151(12.47)152(12.55)303(25.02)246(12.44)267(13.51)513(25.95)
≥60198(18.27)210(19.37)408(37.64)238(16.80)304(21.45)542(38.25)436(17.43)514(20.55)950(37.98)
合计346(13.72)377(14.95)723(28.67)468(12.28)514(13.49)982(25.77)814(12.86)891(14.07)1 705(26.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737685934295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Prevalence of PDM and diabetes in subjects with different factors (n=6 332)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素nPDMDM
n(%)χ2Pn(%)χ2P
性别2.7930.0952.6670.102
男性2 522346(13.72)377(14.95)
女性3 810468(12.28)514(13.49)
年龄(岁)102.506<0.001199.098<0.001
18~3973045(6.16)20(2.74)
40~491 12487(7.74)90(8.01)
50~591 977246(12.44)267(13.51)
≥602 501436(17.43)514(20.55)
职业类型34.969<0.00161.342<0.001
体力劳动4 579528(11.53)553(12.08)
脑力劳动25727(10.51)36(14.01)
退休/无工作1 496259(17.31)302(20.19)
文化程度5.5890.1333.8080.283
小学及以下3 489456(13.07)516(14.79)
初中1 953227(11.62)253(12.95)
高中/中专/技校57185(14.89)76(13.31)
大专及以上31946(14.42)46(14.42)
BMI分级57.313<0.00176.059<0.001
低体重19726(13.20)28(14.21)
正常体质2 991293(9.80)321(10.73)
超重2 286335(14.65)353(15.44)
肥胖858160(18.65)189(22.03)
中心性肥胖92.760<0.001129.331<0.001
4 417450(10.19)477(10.80)
1 915364(19.01)414(21.62)
吸烟情况0.7280.3940.0580.810
4 691613(13.07)663(14.13)
1 641201(12.25)228(13.89)
饮酒情况0.8010.3713.0750.080
4 931624(12.65)714(14.48)
1 401190(13.56)177(12.63)
高血压61.188<0.001127.258<0.001
3 841392(10.21)388(10.10)
2 491422(16.94)503(20.19)
血脂异常45.142<0.00199.025<0.001
4 052435(10.74)438(10.81)
2 280379(16.62)453(19.87)
糖尿病家族遗传史7.4060.007195.895<0.001
5 784742(12.83)705(12.19)
54872(13.14)186(33.94)
体力活动不足20.596<0.00162.569<0.001
4 038461(11.42)463(11.47)
2 294353(15.39)428(18.66)
静坐时间(h/d)0.2840.6687.5450.023
<21 139141(12.38)179(15.72)
2~<42 665346(12.98)339(12.72)
≥42 528327(12.94)373(14.75)
合计6 332814(12.86)891(14.07)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739330101473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同因素研究对象PDM和DM患病情况(n=6 332)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素nPDMDM
n(%)χ2Pn(%)χ2P
性别2.7930.0952.6670.102
男性2 522346(13.72)377(14.95)
女性3 810468(12.28)514(13.49)
年龄(岁)102.506<0.001199.098<0.001
18~3973045(6.16)20(2.74)
40~491 12487(7.74)90(8.01)
50~591 977246(12.44)267(13.51)
≥602 501436(17.43)514(20.55)
职业类型34.969<0.00161.342<0.001
体力劳动4 579528(11.53)553(12.08)
脑力劳动25727(10.51)36(14.01)
退休/无工作1 496259(17.31)302(20.19)
文化程度5.5890.1333.8080.283
小学及以下3 489456(13.07)516(14.79)
初中1 953227(11.62)253(12.95)
高中/中专/技校57185(14.89)76(13.31)
大专及以上31946(14.42)46(14.42)
BMI分级57.313<0.00176.059<0.001
低体重19726(13.20)28(14.21)
正常体质2 991293(9.80)321(10.73)
超重2 286335(14.65)353(15.44)
肥胖858160(18.65)189(22.03)
中心性肥胖92.760<0.001129.331<0.001
4 417450(10.19)477(10.80)
1 915364(19.01)414(21.62)
吸烟情况0.7280.3940.0580.810
4 691613(13.07)663(14.13)
1 641201(12.25)228(13.89)
饮酒情况0.8010.3713.0750.080
4 931624(12.65)714(14.48)
1 401190(13.56)177(12.63)
高血压61.188<0.001127.258<0.001
3 841392(10.21)388(10.10)
2 491422(16.94)503(20.19)
血脂异常45.142<0.00199.025<0.001
4 052435(10.74)438(10.81)
2 280379(16.62)453(19.87)
糖尿病家族遗传史7.4060.007195.895<0.001
5 784742(12.83)705(12.19)
54872(13.14)186(33.94)
体力活动不足20.596<0.00162.569<0.001
4 038461(11.42)463(11.47)
2 294353(15.39)428(18.66)
静坐时间(h/d)0.2840.6687.5450.023
<21 139141(12.38)179(15.72)
2~<42 665346(12.98)339(12.72)
≥42 528327(12.94)373(14.75)
合计6 332814(12.86)891(14.07)
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739497873649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of PDM in research subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95%CI
年龄(岁)
18~391.000
40~49-0.0120.2850.0020.9670.988(0.565~1.727)
50~590.4420.2582.9350.0871.556(0.938~2.581)
≥600.8790.25312.1000.0012.408(1.468~3.951)
职业
脑力劳动1.000
体力力劳动-0.4660.2942.5090.1130.627(0.352~1.117)
退休/无工作-0.4540.3042.2320.1350.635(0.350~1.152)
BMI分级
正常体重1.000
低体重0.230.3110.5470.4601.259(0.684~2.315)
超重0.2990.1216.0840.0141.348(1.063~1.709)
肥胖0.2390.1672.0620.1511.270(0.916~1.761)
中心性肥胖
1.000
0.5540.12021.182<0.0011.740(1.374~2.203)
高血压
1.000
0.2630.1244.4800.0341.301(1.020~1.660)
血脂异常
1.000
0.3420.09812.0670.0011.407(1.160~1.706)
家族遗传史
1.000
-0.0840.1700.2460.6200.919(0.659~1.283)
体力活动不足
1.000
0.1820.1013.2910.0701.200(0.985~1.462)
常数项-2.7250.35559.059<0.0010.066
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739606925566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

研究对象PDM影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95%CI
年龄(岁)
18~391.000
40~49-0.0120.2850.0020.9670.988(0.565~1.727)
50~590.4420.2582.9350.0871.556(0.938~2.581)
≥600.8790.25312.1000.0012.408(1.468~3.951)
职业
脑力劳动1.000
体力力劳动-0.4660.2942.5090.1130.627(0.352~1.117)
退休/无工作-0.4540.3042.2320.1350.635(0.350~1.152)
BMI分级
正常体重1.000
低体重0.230.3110.5470.4601.259(0.684~2.315)
超重0.2990.1216.0840.0141.348(1.063~1.709)
肥胖0.2390.1672.0620.1511.270(0.916~1.761)
中心性肥胖
1.000
0.5540.12021.182<0.0011.740(1.374~2.203)
高血压
1.000
0.2630.1244.4800.0341.301(1.020~1.660)
血脂异常
1.000
0.3420.09812.0670.0011.407(1.160~1.706)
家族遗传史
1.000
-0.0840.1700.2460.6200.919(0.659~1.283)
体力活动不足
1.000
0.1820.1013.2910.0701.200(0.985~1.462)
常数项-2.7250.35559.059<0.0010.066
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739720171778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of diabetes of study subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95%CI
年龄(岁)
18~391.000
40~491.1720.26020.385<0.0013.230(1.942~5.373)
50~591.6540.24645.241<0.0015.229(3.229~8.467)
≥602.1890.24579.486<0.0018.924(5.515~14.438)
职业
脑力劳动1.000
体力力劳动-0.5430.2086.8230.0090.581(0.387~0.873)
退休/无工作-0.2900.2151.8180.1770.748(0.491~1.140)
BMI分级
正常体重1.000
低体重0.4730.2264.4020.0361.605(1.032~2.498)
超重0.1030.0981.1170.2911.109(0.916~1.342)
肥胖0.4320.13610.1160.0011.540(1.180~2.009)
中心性肥胖
1.000
0.4480.09920.355<0.0011.565(1.288~1.901)
高血压
1.000
0.3930.08123.486<0.0011.482(1.264~1.737)
血脂异常
1.000
0.5170.07942.920<0.0011.677(1.437~1.958)
家族遗传史
1.000
1.3680.108161.010<0.0013.926(3.179~4.850)
体力活动不足
1.000
0.3880.08023.263<0.0011.473(1.259~1.725)
静坐时间(h/d)
<20.0880.1060.6950.4041.092(0.888~1.343)
2~<4-0.1450.0862.8090.0940.865(0.731~1.025)
≥41.000
常数项-5.0210.73646.520<0.0010.007
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739829223695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731629360035, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

研究对象DM影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95%CI
年龄(岁)
18~391.000
40~491.1720.26020.385<0.0013.230(1.942~5.373)
50~591.6540.24645.241<0.0015.229(3.229~8.467)
≥602.1890.24579.486<0.0018.924(5.515~14.438)
职业
脑力劳动1.000
体力力劳动-0.5430.2086.8230.0090.581(0.387~0.873)
退休/无工作-0.2900.2151.8180.1770.748(0.491~1.140)
BMI分级
正常体重1.000
低体重0.4730.2264.4020.0361.605(1.032~2.498)
超重0.1030.0981.1170.2911.109(0.916~1.342)
肥胖0.4320.13610.1160.0011.540(1.180~2.009)
中心性肥胖
1.000
0.4480.09920.355<0.0011.565(1.288~1.901)
高血压
1.000
0.3930.08123.486<0.0011.482(1.264~1.737)
血脂异常
1.000
0.5170.07942.920<0.0011.677(1.437~1.958)
家族遗传史
1.000
1.3680.108161.010<0.0013.926(3.179~4.850)
体力活动不足
1.000
0.3880.08023.263<0.0011.473(1.259~1.725)
静坐时间(h/d)
<20.0880.1060.6950.4041.092(0.888~1.343)
2~<4-0.1450.0862.8090.0940.865(0.731~1.025)
≥41.000
常数项-5.0210.73646.520<0.0010.007
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2020年昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病情况及影响因素分析
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颜芳 , 张茂镕 , 杨昭 , 沈岚 , 杨唯 , 李云涛
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(14): 2675-2682
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(14): 2675-2682
2020年昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病情况及影响因素分析
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颜芳, 张茂镕 , 杨昭, 沈岚, 杨唯, 李云涛
作者信息
  • 昆明市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制科,云南 昆明 650035
  • 颜芳(1982—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性病防制工作

通讯作者:

张茂镕,E-mail:
Prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism among adults in Kunming City, 2020
Fang YAN, Mao-rong ZHANG , Zhao YANG, Lan SHEN, Wei YANG, Yun-tao LI
Affiliations
  • Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases,Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650035, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403496
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目的

了解昆明市居民糖代谢异常患病情况及其影响因素,为相关部门开展糖尿病防治工作提供参考依据。

方法

于2020年8—11月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取昆明市4个县(区)共32个行政村/居委会符合条件的6 332名居民作为调查对象,采取问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测收集所需数据。采用多因素logistic回归分析糖代谢异常的影响因素。

结果

昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病率为26.93%(PDM为12.86%,糖尿病为14.07%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,≥60岁(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.468~3.951)、超重(OR=1.348,95%CI:1.063~1.709)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.740,95%CI:1.374~2.203)、高血压(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.020~1.660)和血脂异常(OR=1.407,95%CI:1.160~1.706)与PDM患病风险有关;40~49岁(OR=3.230,95%CI:1.942~5.373)、50~59岁(OR=5.229,95%CI:3.229~8.467)、≥60岁(OR=8.924,95%CI:5.515~14.438)、低体重(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.032~2.498)、肥胖(OR=1.540,95%CI:1.180~2.009)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.565,95%CI:1.288~1.901)、高血压(OR=1.482,95%CI:1.264~1.737)和血脂异常(OR=1.677,95%CI:1.437~1.958)、糖尿病家族遗传史(OR=3.926,95%CI:3.179~4.850)、体力活不足(OR=1.473,95%CI:1.259~1.725)与糖尿病患病风险有关,体力劳动(OR=0.581,95%CI:0.387~0.873)与糖尿病糖尿病低风险有关,均有统计学意义。

结论

昆明市成人居民糖代谢异常患病率较高,年龄、超重与肥胖、高血压与血脂异常病史、糖尿病家族遗传史、体力活不足是糖代谢异常的危险因素,应重点针对上述因素进行预防与控制。

糖尿病前期  /  糖尿病  /  患病情况  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and its influencing factors in Kunming, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Methods

From August to November 2020, 6332 eligible residents from 32 administrative villages/neighborhood committees in 4 counties (districts) of Kunming City were selected as survey subjects, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism.

Results

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adults in Kunming was 26.93% (PDM 12.86%, diabetes 14.07%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥60 years old (OR=2.408, 95%CI:1.468-3.951), overweight (OR=1.348, 95%CI:1.063-1.709), central obesity (OR=1.740, 95%CI:1.374-2.203), hypertension (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.020-1.660) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.407, 95%CI:1.160-1.706) were associated with the risk of PDM. 40-49 years old (OR=3.230,95%CI:1.942-5.373), 50 - 59 years old (OR=5.229,95%CI:3.229-8.467),≥60 years old (OR=8.924,95%CI:5.515-14.438), low body weight (OR=1.065,95%CI:1.032-2.498), obesity (OR=1.540,95%CI:1.180-2.009), central obesity (OR=1.565, 95%CI:1.288-1.901), hypertension (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.264-1.737) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.677, 95%CI:1.437-1.958). Family history of diabetes (OR=3.926, 95%CI:3.179-4.850) and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.473, 95%CI:1.259-1.725) were associated with the risk of diabetes. Physical labor (OR=0.581, 95%CI:0.387-0.873) was associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus. There were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in adult residents of Kunming City is high. Age, overweight and obesity, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, family history of diabetes, and lack of physical activity are risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism. Prevention and control should be focused on these factors.

Prediabetes  /  Diabetes mellitus  /  Disease status  /  Influencing factor
颜芳, 张茂镕, 杨昭, 沈岚, 杨唯, 李云涛. 2020年昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2675 -2682 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403496
Fang YAN, Mao-rong ZHANG, Zhao YANG, Lan SHEN, Wei YANG, Yun-tao LI. Prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism among adults in Kunming City, 2020[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2675 -2682 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403496
糖代谢异常指空腹血糖(FPG)≥6.1 mmol/L,包括糖尿病前期(PDM)和糖尿病(DM)。糖代谢异常绝大多数无明显的临床症状,容易延误诊断及治疗,增加了并发症患病风险,降低了患者生活质量,加大了家庭和社会经济负担。为了解昆明市成年居民PDM和DM患病情况及影响因素,本研究基于昆明市2020年慢性病及其危险因素调查资料,重点评估糖代谢异常患病率及其影响因素,为DM防治提供依据。
本研究数据来源于2020年昆明市云南省居民主要慢性病及其危险因素调查项目。于2020年8—11月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,根据昆明市经济发展水平不同,抽取4个县(区)作为调查点;每个县(区)采用简单随机抽样方法抽取4个乡镇/街道;每个乡镇/街道随机抽取2个行政村/居委会;每个行政村/居委会共抽取90户,每户18岁及以上的常住居民作为研究对象。每个行政村(居委会)完成调查的成人居民不少于193名,若抽中的90户中符合标准的研究对象不足193人,需从该村民(居民)小组剩余的户中补充相应的调查户开展调查,置换率不超过15%。每个县至少调查1 540人,排除妊娠期妇女、认知障碍、严重疾病或残障的居民,最终纳入研究对象6 332人。
采用云南省疾病预防控制中心统一设计的2020年云南省居民主要慢性病及其危险因素调查问卷,由调查员面对面进行现场问卷调查,问卷内容包括:个人基本信息(性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、职业等)、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、身体活动情况、慢性病患病情况等。所有研究对象进行身高、体重、腰围、血压的测量和血脂检测;采集研究对象8 ml空腹静脉血,并采用葡萄糖氧化酶法现场检测血浆血糖;自报无DM史的研究对象再口服无水葡萄糖(75 g),服糖2 h后采集静脉血(2 ml),并检测血糖。
(1)根据WHO(1999年)糖代谢异常分类标准:6.1 mmol/L≤空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L,且糖负荷后2 h血糖<7.8 mmol/L为空腹血糖受损(IFG);空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L,7.8 mmol/L≤糖负荷后2 h血糖<11.1 mmol/L为糖耐量受损(IGT);已诊断为DM或空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,或随机静脉血糖/糖负荷后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L为DM;IFG和IGT统称为PDM,PDM和DM统称为糖代谢异常[1]。(2)BMI(体质指数)分级:BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体重,18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2为正常体重,24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2为超重,BMI≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖[2]。(3)中心性肥胖:男性腰围≥90cm,女性腰围≥85 cm[3]。(4)吸烟者:累计吸烟量≥100 支卷烟或 2 两烟叶且调查前 30 d内有吸烟史的人。(5)饮酒者:平均每周饮酒≥1次者。(6)体力活动不足:一周内总活动时间(高强度时间×2)不足150 min[4]。(7)高血压:已被诊断为高血压或收缩压(SBP)≥140 mm Hg和(或)舒张压(DBP)≥90 mm Hg为高血压[5]。(8)高血脂:TG≥2.3 mmol/L,或TC≥6.2 mmol/L,或HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L,或LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L [6]
采用EPidata 3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。采用χ2检验或多因素logistic回归模型,变量赋值见表1。采用2020年昆明市人口数对PDM和糖尿病患病率进行标化。检验水准为α=0.05。
本研究共调查和体检6 332人,男性2 522人(39.83%),女性3 810人(60.17%);平均年龄为(55.9 ±13.1)岁,18~39、40~49、50~59和60岁及以上居民分别占11.53%、17.75%、31.22%、39.50%;小学及以下、初中、高中/技校、大专及以上居民分别占55.10%、30.84%、9.02%、5.04%。见表2
被调查的6 332名居民中,糖代谢异常1 705人,患病率为26.93%(标化率19.80%)。其中PDM患病率为12.86%(标化率10.04%),男性、女性患病率分别为13.72%、12.28%,不同年龄段患病率分别为6.16%、7.74%、12.44%、17.43%;DM患病率为14.07%(标化率9.76%),男性、女性患病率分别为14.95%、13.49%,不同年龄段患病率分别为2.74%、8.01%、13.51%、20.55%。见表3
高年龄、退休/无工作、超重和肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血压、高血脂、体力活动不足、有家族遗传史的居民PDM患病率较高,差均异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高年龄、退休/无工作、超重和肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血压、高血脂、体力活动不足、有家族遗传史和静坐时间超过2 h的研究对象DM患病率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4
分别以是否患有PDM和DM为因变量,单因素分析有统计学意义的因素为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析。分析结果显示,≥60岁、高血压、中心性肥胖、超重(OR=1.348)和血脂异常与PDM患病风险有关;40~49岁、50~59岁、≥60岁、低体重、肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血压和血脂异常、有糖尿病家族遗传史、体力活不足与DM患病风险有关;体力劳动是DM保护因素。见表5表6
随着国民经济的发展,人民生活水平不断提高,居民不良生活方式的积累,加之人口结构老龄化,致使DM患病率呈持续上升趋势[1]。现有文献显示,我国成人DM患病率从1980年的不到1%[7]上升到2018年的12.4%[8]。本研究结果显示,昆明市成人DM患病率为14.07%,明显高于本市2008年调查结果(5.76%)[9]和2013年本省患病率(6.7%)[10],近十几年来,随着昆明市经济水平不断提高,百姓生活不断富裕,不健康的生活方式亦随之增多,导致DM患病率上升较快。可见,DM已成为影响昆明居民健康的主要疾病,应加强DM防控工作。
PDM是血糖出现异常但还未达到诊断为DM的状态,是DM前血糖代谢异常的高危阶段,其发病隐匿,无明显临床症状,却与机体多个系统疾病的发病呈正相关,对居民健康造成较大潜在威胁。现有文献显示,2015—2017年我国成人PDM患病率为35.2%[11]。本研究结果显示,昆明市成人PDM患病率为12.86%,高于同期赣南地区(9.53%)[12]和2016年呼和浩特市(9.1%)[13]调查所得结果,低于2016年甘肃省(15.07%)[14]、2018年贵州省(14.2%)[15]、2018年吉林省(21.97%)[16]和2017年蚌埠市(30.2%)[17]调查所得结果。可见糖尿病前期患病率存在地理差异,昆明市处于经济欠发达地区,居民生活水平相对较低,因而不良生活及饮食习惯相对较少,但昆明市居民健康素养水平与其他发达地区存在一定差距[18],综合因素使得昆明市居民PDM患病率处于中等水平。已有文献显示,学科可行的干预措施能有效降低PDM进展为DM的风险[19-20],可见,对处于PDM的人群及早进行健康教育和生活方式的干预,必要时使用药物干预等措施,对阻止和延缓PDM向DM的转化具有现实意义。
本研究显示,高年龄、中心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常是DM和PDM共同的危险因素,这与其他已有研究结果基本一致[15,18,21-22]。年龄越大者糖代谢异常风险越高,因此加强对高年龄居民血糖监测有助于早发现糖代谢异常并给予相应干预措施。中心性肥胖者糖代谢异常风险较大,可见居民日常生活中重视健康体重的管理,对减少糖代谢异常的发生具有积极意义。因糖代谢异常与高血压、血脂异常部分风险因素相同,使得高血压和血脂异常成为糖代谢异常的危险因素[23]。超重是PDM的危险因素,肥胖是DM危险因素,可见在居民体重出现超重情况下给予管理体重方面的干预,对减少DM的发生具有积极作用。二甲双胍作为治疗2型DM应用较为广泛的一线临床药物,其改善机体对葡萄糖和脂肪的代谢,使摄入体内的热量减少,降血糖的同时又具有一定的减肥作用[24],若患者长期服用二甲双胍类降糖药,并严格控制饮食中糖类和脂肪类食物的摄入,部分DM患者可能出现减重过度,出现低体重现象,本次研究结果出现低体重居民DM患病率较高的结果可能与上述原因有关。糖尿病家族史是DM患病危险因素之一,提示DM的发生受到遗传因素的影响[25]。体力劳动可增加胰岛素活性标志物的效应,从而提高了糖脂代谢,而长期体力活动不足可导致人体能量过剩,超重和肥胖风险增加,从而增加了DM的发病风险,因此体力劳动为DM保护因素,而体力活不足为风险因素。可见,随着年龄的增长,不健康饮食习惯和体力活动不足的积累,以及身体机能退化,肥胖和其他慢性病的发生,致使糖代谢异常患病率随之增加。
本研究样本量大,且通过被调查者自报患病和实验室监测收集糖代谢异常病例,可以较准确的反映昆明市成年居民糖代谢异常情况。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性,其为横断面研究,验证糖代谢异常患病与影响因素的因果关系较弱,需结合前瞻性研究进一步验证。
综上所述,昆明市成人糖代谢异常患病率较高,应加强PMD和DM防控工作。年龄(≥40岁)、超重、中心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、体力活动不足是糖代谢异常的危险因素,应针对高危人群,有针对性地采取干预措施,加强健康教育,以提高居民健康意识和健康管理能力,经常性血糖监测,早发现糖代谢异常,并早干预,减少DM的发生及并发症等。
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403496
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
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    昆明市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制科,云南 昆明 650035

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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