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Article(id=1241102731218318239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401283, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705420800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773831549696, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773831549696, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773831549696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831549696, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241102730337505325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773831549486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773831697291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241103350322745681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241102730337505325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2553, endPage=2557, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241102731595805602, articleId=1241102731218318239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Dietary recommendation related knowledge level and influencing factors among residents aged 18-64 years, Hunan, 2021, columnId=1240375107953161116, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Foold Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the level and influencing factors of dietary recommendation knowledge among residents aged 18-64 years in Hunan Province in 2021, and to provide a reference for targeted dietary nutrition education.

Methods

In 2021, a total of 4351 adult residents from 13 districts (counties) survey sites of Hunan Province were surveyed using the Nutrition and Health Knowledge Questionnaire. The total score of the questionnaire was 100. The knowledge dimension of dietary recommendation included 19 knowledge points, with a total score of 30, the total score of this dimension ≥ 22.5 was considered to be aware of dietary recommendation related knowledge. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adult residents’ knowledge level of dietary recommendation.

Results

A total of 4 010 adults were included in the survey, with an average age of (38.6±12.0) years. The average score of dietary recommendation knowledge dimension was (17.7±4.4) points, and the awareness rate of knowledge about dietary recommendations was 13.6%. The results showed that there were significant differences in the scores and awareness rates of dietary recommendation related knowledge among residents with different genders, age groups, education levels, work units and specific situation of chronic diseases (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the corresponding reference group, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation related knowledge was relatively higher in female residents (OR=1.267, 95%CI=1.051 - 1.526) and residents with education level of junior high school and above [junior high school (OR=1.528, 95%CI=1.042-2.242), seniorhigh school (OR=2.123, 95%CI=1.421 - 3.172), college/professional college (OR=3.653, 95%CI=2.386-5.593),bachelor’s degree and above (OR=3.385, 95%CI=2.120 - 5.405)]. Compared with those working in medical and health institutions, those working in education-related institutions had a lower awareness rate of dietary recommendation knowledge (OR=0.547, 95%CI: 0.322-0.930). Compared with those without chronic diseases, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation was lower in adults who did not know their specific situation of chronicdiseases (OR=0.613, 95%CI=0.487-0.772).

Conclusion

There is significant room for improvement in the knowledge level of diet recommendation among adult residents in Hunan Province. In the future, more attention should be paid to the dietary nutrition education of adult males, middle-aged and elderly people, patients with chronic diseases, and residents who do not work in medical and health institutions.

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目的

探讨2021年湖南省18~64岁居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及影响因素，为针对性开展膳食营养科普教育提供参考依据。

方法

2021年在湖南省13个区/县调查点使用营养健康知识调查问卷对4 351名18~64岁居民开展现场调查，调查问卷总分100分；其中膳食推荐相关知识维度包括19项知识要点，总分30分，该维度总得分≥22.5分视为该调查对象知晓膳食推荐相关知识。采用二分类logistic回归分析成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平的影响因素。

结果

纳入调查分析的有效人数共4 010人，平均年龄为（38.6±12.0）岁，居民膳食推荐相关知识维度平均得分（17.7±4.4）分，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率水平为13.6%。不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、工作单位、患慢性病情况的居民膳食推荐相关知识维度得分和知晓率不同，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析结果显示，女性（OR=1.267，95%CI=1.051~1.526）、文化程度为初中及以上[初中（OR=1.528，95%CI=1.042~2.242）、高中（OR=2.123，95%CI=1.421~3.172）、大专/职大（OR=3.653，95%CI=2.386~5.593）、本科及以上（OR=3.385，95%CI=2.120~5.405）]的居民与相应参照组比较而言，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率相对较高。以工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民为参照组，工作单位为教育相关机构（OR=0.547，95%CI=0.322~0.930）的居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率相对较低。以未患慢性病为参照组，不清楚自身患慢性病情况（OR=0.613，95%CI=0.487~0.772）的居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率较低。

结论

湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平具有较大提升空间，未来应重视开展成年男性、中老年群体、慢性病患者、工作单位非医疗卫生机构的居民等人群的膳食营养科普教育。

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梁进军，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=l6+PgaAp72TWgDvz6UQzsw==, magXml=sHKIDJEK5ZZgFeMhoVi7fQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2VWNYq5yPatzeKmos0Lcyw==, pdfFileSize=531825, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CdtrTmuyZJK/9sToOV3A7w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

熊家豪（1994—） ，男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向: 公共营养

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熊家豪（1994—） ，男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向: 公共营养

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熊家豪（1994—） ，男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向: 公共营养

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Trend of intake from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)adults aged 18 to 35 in 1989-2015[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research, 2021, 50(3): 442-447., articleTitle=Trend of intake from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)adults aged 18 to 35 in 1989-2015, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241102732329808813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102732338197422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, companyId=1241102732329808813, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Food Safety Surveillance, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410153, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241102732342391727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, companyId=1241102732329808813, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南省疾病预防控制中心食品安全监测科，湖南 长沙 410153)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241102737232949419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Knowledge score and awareness rate of dietary recommendation among adult residents in Hunan Province in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别调查人数占比（%）得分（）P知晓人数（n）知晓率（%）P
性别<0.0010.022
男2 00149.917.2±4.524812.4
女2 00950.118.1±4.229914.9
居住地<0.0010.870
农村2 33358.217.5±4.632013.7
城市1 67741.818.0±4.122713.5
年龄组（岁）<0.0010.005
18~2473718.417.9±4.711115.1
25~3485421.317.9±4.312314.4
35~441 17629.318.0±4.318115.4
45~5481120.217.2±4.28310.2
55~6443210.817.0±4.34911.3
文化程度<0.001<0.001
小学及以下49812.416.2±4.3377.4
初中1 52738.117.0±4.316210.6
高中/中专/技校1 00024.917.9±4.214014.0
大专/职大63415.819.3±4.213721.6
本科及以上3518.819.3±4.27120.2
工作单位<0.001<0.001
医疗卫生机构3157.819.5±3.96821.6
食品餐饮行业2917.317.3±4.53411.7
其他健康相关产业391.019.0±4.3820.5
教育相关机构1774.418.7±3.72212.4
其他3 18879.517.5±4.441513.0
患慢性病情况<0.001<0.001
未患慢性病2 24055.918.2±4.335715.9
患慢性病65716.417.4±4.17912.0
不知道1 11327.716.8±4.411110.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737413304507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别调查人数占比（%）得分（）P知晓人数（n）知晓率（%）P
性别<0.0010.022
男2 00149.917.2±4.524812.4
女2 00950.118.1±4.229914.9
居住地<0.0010.870
农村2 33358.217.5±4.632013.7
城市1 67741.818.0±4.122713.5
年龄组（岁）<0.0010.005
18~2473718.417.9±4.711115.1
25~3485421.317.9±4.312314.4
35~441 17629.318.0±4.318115.4
45~5481120.217.2±4.28310.2
55~6443210.817.0±4.34911.3
文化程度<0.001<0.001
小学及以下49812.416.2±4.3377.4
初中1 52738.117.0±4.316210.6
高中/中专/技校1 00024.917.9±4.214014.0
大专/职大63415.819.3±4.213721.6
本科及以上3518.819.3±4.27120.2
工作单位<0.001<0.001
医疗卫生机构3157.819.5±3.96821.6
食品餐饮行业2917.317.3±4.53411.7
其他健康相关产业391.019.0±4.3820.5
教育相关机构1774.418.7±3.72212.4
其他3 18879.517.5±4.441513.0
患慢性病情况<0.001<0.001
未患慢性病2 24055.918.2±4.335715.9
患慢性病65716.417.4±4.17912.0
不知道1 11327.716.8±4.411110.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737501384897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The Correct rate of dietary recommendation-related knowledge among adult residents in Hunan Province in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题目知识要点正确人数（n）正确率（%）
中国居民膳食指南不同类别食物的摄入建议多吃蔬菜3 21080.0
多吃水果2 31557.7
多吃奶类86721.6
多吃大豆及制品79419.8
适量吃鱼禽瘦肉2 77769.3
适量吃蛋2 85171.1
少吃加工肉制品2 99274.6
少吃加了糖的食物或饮料3 17479.2
健康成人盐、油、糖推荐摄入量每天盐不超过5克2 20655.0
每天烹调油25~30克1 45536.3
每天添加糖最好不超过25克82320.5
关于蔬菜、水果的推荐摄入原则应餐餐有蔬菜3 49287.1
应多吃深色蔬菜，且摄入量至少要占摄入蔬菜总量的一半3 22080.3
应天天吃水果2 52362.9
蔬菜和水果不可以互相代替2 75368.7
合理膳食相关说法判断没有任何一种食物可满足成年人所需的全部营养素2 54063.3
日常饮食应包含哪些食物类别3 48186.8
通过粗细搭配、荤素搭配和色彩搭配，更容易做到食物多样3 36483.9
每天及每周应摄入的食物种类数1 01025.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737576882382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识要点正确率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题目知识要点正确人数（n）正确率（%）
中国居民膳食指南不同类别食物的摄入建议多吃蔬菜3 21080.0
多吃水果2 31557.7
多吃奶类86721.6
多吃大豆及制品79419.8
适量吃鱼禽瘦肉2 77769.3
适量吃蛋2 85171.1
少吃加工肉制品2 99274.6
少吃加了糖的食物或饮料3 17479.2
健康成人盐、油、糖推荐摄入量每天盐不超过5克2 20655.0
每天烹调油25~30克1 45536.3
每天添加糖最好不超过25克82320.5
关于蔬菜、水果的推荐摄入原则应餐餐有蔬菜3 49287.1
应多吃深色蔬菜，且摄入量至少要占摄入蔬菜总量的一半3 22080.3
应天天吃水果2 52362.9
蔬菜和水果不可以互相代替2 75368.7
合理膳食相关说法判断没有任何一种食物可满足成年人所需的全部营养素2 54063.3
日常饮食应包含哪些食物类别3 48186.8
通过粗细搭配、荤素搭配和色彩搭配，更容易做到食物多样3 36483.9
每天及每周应摄入的食物种类数1 01025.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241102737685934294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of dietaryrecommendation-related knowledge awareness rate among adult residents in Hunan Province in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组参照组βS.EWald χ2POR（95% CI）
性别女性男性0.2360.0956.1530.0131.267（1.051~1.526）
文化程度初中小学及以下0.4240.1964.7030.0301.528（1.042~2.242）
高中/中专/技校0.7530.20513.498<0.0012.123（1.421~3.172）
大专/职大1.2960.21735.521<0.0013.653（2.386~5.593）
本科及以上1.2190.23926.071<0.0013.385（2.120~5.405）
工作单位食品餐饮行业医疗卫生机构-0.2260.2410.8820.3480.797（0.497~1.279）
其他健康相关产业0.1330.4290.0960.7571.142（0.493~2.649）
教育相关机构-0.6030.2714.9620.0260.547（0.322~0.930）
其他-0.0880.1600.2990.5850.916（0.669~1.254）
患慢性病情况患慢性病未患慢性病-0.1780.1451.5050.2200.837（0.630~1.112）
不知道-0.4890.11717.394<0.0010.613（0.487~0.772）
), ArticleFig(id=1241102739187495133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241102731218318239, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率影响因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组参照组βS.EWald χ2POR（95% CI）
性别女性男性0.2360.0956.1530.0131.267（1.051~1.526）
文化程度初中小学及以下0.4240.1964.7030.0301.528（1.042~2.242）
高中/中专/技校0.7530.20513.498<0.0012.123（1.421~3.172）
大专/职大1.2960.21735.521<0.0013.653（2.386~5.593）
本科及以上1.2190.23926.071<0.0013.385（2.120~5.405）
工作单位食品餐饮行业医疗卫生机构-0.2260.2410.8820.3480.797（0.497~1.279）
其他健康相关产业0.1330.4290.0960.7571.142（0.493~2.649）
教育相关机构-0.6030.2714.9620.0260.547（0.322~0.930）
其他-0.0880.1600.2990.5850.916（0.669~1.254）
患慢性病情况患慢性病未患慢性病-0.1780.1451.5050.2200.837（0.630~1.112）
不知道-0.4890.11717.394<0.0010.613（0.487~0.772）
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2021年湖南省18~64岁成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及影响因素
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熊家豪 , 汪强 , 吴诗蓝 , 段宏波 , 王春娥 , 赖天兵 , 张昊 , 刘尔卓 , 梁进军
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(14): 2553-2557
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(14): 2553-2557
2021年湖南省18~64岁成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及影响因素
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熊家豪, 汪强, 吴诗蓝, 段宏波, 王春娥, 赖天兵, 张昊, 刘尔卓, 梁进军
作者信息
  • 湖南省疾病预防控制中心食品安全监测科，湖南 长沙 410153

    • 熊家豪（1994—） ，男，硕士，主管医师，研究方向: 公共营养

通讯作者:

梁进军，E-mail：
Dietary recommendation related knowledge level and influencing factors among residents aged 18-64 years, Hunan, 2021
Jia-hao XIONG, Qiang WANG, Shi-lan WU, Hong-bo DUAN, Chun-e WANG, Tian-bing LAI, Hao ZHANG, Er-zhuo LIU, Jin-jun LIANG
Affiliations
  • Department of Food Safety Surveillance, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410153, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401283
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摘要
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目的

探讨2021年湖南省18~64岁居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及影响因素，为针对性开展膳食营养科普教育提供参考依据。

方法

2021年在湖南省13个区/县调查点使用营养健康知识调查问卷对4 351名18~64岁居民开展现场调查，调查问卷总分100分；其中膳食推荐相关知识维度包括19项知识要点，总分30分，该维度总得分≥22.5分视为该调查对象知晓膳食推荐相关知识。采用二分类logistic回归分析成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平的影响因素。

结果

纳入调查分析的有效人数共4 010人，平均年龄为（38.6±12.0）岁，居民膳食推荐相关知识维度平均得分（17.7±4.4）分，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率水平为13.6%。不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、工作单位、患慢性病情况的居民膳食推荐相关知识维度得分和知晓率不同，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析结果显示，女性（OR=1.267，95%CI=1.051~1.526）、文化程度为初中及以上[初中（OR=1.528，95%CI=1.042~2.242）、高中（OR=2.123，95%CI=1.421~3.172）、大专/职大（OR=3.653，95%CI=2.386~5.593）、本科及以上（OR=3.385，95%CI=2.120~5.405）]的居民与相应参照组比较而言，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率相对较高。以工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民为参照组，工作单位为教育相关机构（OR=0.547，95%CI=0.322~0.930）的居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率相对较低。以未患慢性病为参照组，不清楚自身患慢性病情况（OR=0.613，95%CI=0.487~0.772）的居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率较低。

结论

湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平具有较大提升空间，未来应重视开展成年男性、中老年群体、慢性病患者、工作单位非医疗卫生机构的居民等人群的膳食营养科普教育。

营养教育  /  膳食推荐  /  成年人  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the level and influencing factors of dietary recommendation knowledge among residents aged 18-64 years in Hunan Province in 2021, and to provide a reference for targeted dietary nutrition education.

Methods

In 2021, a total of 4351 adult residents from 13 districts (counties) survey sites of Hunan Province were surveyed using the Nutrition and Health Knowledge Questionnaire. The total score of the questionnaire was 100. The knowledge dimension of dietary recommendation included 19 knowledge points, with a total score of 30, the total score of this dimension ≥ 22.5 was considered to be aware of dietary recommendation related knowledge. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adult residents’ knowledge level of dietary recommendation.

Results

A total of 4 010 adults were included in the survey, with an average age of (38.6±12.0) years. The average score of dietary recommendation knowledge dimension was (17.7±4.4) points, and the awareness rate of knowledge about dietary recommendations was 13.6%. The results showed that there were significant differences in the scores and awareness rates of dietary recommendation related knowledge among residents with different genders, age groups, education levels, work units and specific situation of chronic diseases (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the corresponding reference group, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation related knowledge was relatively higher in female residents (OR=1.267, 95%CI=1.051 - 1.526) and residents with education level of junior high school and above [junior high school (OR=1.528, 95%CI=1.042-2.242), seniorhigh school (OR=2.123, 95%CI=1.421 - 3.172), college/professional college (OR=3.653, 95%CI=2.386-5.593),bachelor’s degree and above (OR=3.385, 95%CI=2.120 - 5.405)]. Compared with those working in medical and health institutions, those working in education-related institutions had a lower awareness rate of dietary recommendation knowledge (OR=0.547, 95%CI: 0.322-0.930). Compared with those without chronic diseases, the awareness rate of dietary recommendation was lower in adults who did not know their specific situation of chronicdiseases (OR=0.613, 95%CI=0.487-0.772).

Conclusion

There is significant room for improvement in the knowledge level of diet recommendation among adult residents in Hunan Province. In the future, more attention should be paid to the dietary nutrition education of adult males, middle-aged and elderly people, patients with chronic diseases, and residents who do not work in medical and health institutions.

Nutrition education  /  Dietary recommendation  /  Adults  /  Influencing factors
熊家豪, 汪强, 吴诗蓝, 段宏波, 王春娥, 赖天兵, 张昊, 刘尔卓, 梁进军. 2021年湖南省18~64岁成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2553 -2557 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401283
Jia-hao XIONG, Qiang WANG, Shi-lan WU, Hong-bo DUAN, Chun-e WANG, Tian-bing LAI, Hao ZHANG, Er-zhuo LIU, Jin-jun LIANG. Dietary recommendation related knowledge level and influencing factors among residents aged 18-64 years, Hunan, 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (14) : 2553 -2557 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401283
正文
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中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）显示，目前我国存在居民膳食结构不合理，糖尿病、高血压、心脑血管疾病等膳食相关慢性病高发等诸多挑战，一定程度上影响国民整体健康水平[1]，这些问题的存在可能与居民相关知识的缺乏相关。也有研究指出，膳食不平衡对于居民慢性病的发生发展具有至关重要的影响[2]，提高相关知识水平对于培养健康饮食行为具有积极效益[3]。本研究通过分析探讨湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及相关影响因素，以期为针对性开展膳食营养科普教育提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本研究数据源于2021年湖南省居民营养健康知识知晓率调查项目。据国家卫健委居民营养健康知识知晓率调查工作手册的统一要求，运用多阶段整群随机抽样的方式，确定13个区/县为本省调查点。在每个区/县抽取3个街道/乡镇，在每一街道/乡镇抽取2个社区/村，在每一社区/村中选取55户，在每一户中抽1名居民开展现场问卷调查，每个调查点累计调查330人。根据国家调查方案规定，各调查点的年龄组满足18~24岁、25~34岁、45~54岁人数各占20%，35~44岁年龄组人数占30%，55~64岁年龄组人数占10%的要求。全省实际共调查4 351人，纳入调查分析4 010人，问卷有效应答率92.2%。
1.2　方法
采用全国统一编制的调查问卷开展现场调查，该问卷Cronbach α系数为0.847，分半信度0.860，各知识维度与总分相关系数在0.542~0.839之间，整体信效度良好[4]。在调查前，项目组按照统一的调查方案对区（县）调查点开展培训，对调查内容和注意事项进行说明。调查期间，各调查点根据国家工作手册要求抽取调查对象并开展调查，当场检查问卷缺项漏项等情况并及时进行审核。调查内容包括个人基本情况和营养健康知识两个部分。营养健康知识部分总分100分，其中膳食推荐相关知识维度主要包括19项知识要点，总分为30分。参考2021年中国18~64岁居民营养健康知识知晓率的判定方法，该维度总得分≥22.5分视为该调查对象知晓膳食推荐相关知识[5]。居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率=知晓膳食推荐相关知识的人数/纳入调查分析的总人数×100%。
1.3　统计分析
采用Epi Data 3.1软件进行调查问卷数据的双录入，对问卷进行一致性检验和逻辑性校验后，清理不符合要求的问卷数据。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析，各组间均数的差异性分析采用t检验或方差分析，计数资料的组间差异采用χ2检验，采用二分类logistic回归分析居民膳食推荐相关知识水平的影响因素。检验水准α= 0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓水平(表1)
纳入调查分析的4 010人平均年龄为（38.6±12.0）岁，居民膳食推荐相关知识维度平均得分（17.7±4.4）分，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率水平为13.6%。调查结果显示，不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、工作单位、患慢性病情况的调查对象膳食推荐相关知识维度得分和知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同居住地之间的膳食推荐相关知识知晓率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性膳食推荐相关知识得分及知晓率高于男性；35~44岁居民的得分及知晓率最高，45~54岁和55~64岁居民的得分及知晓率较低；文化程度为大专/职大和本科及以上的居民得分及知晓率较高；工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民得分及知晓率最高；未患慢性病的居民得分及知晓率高于患慢性病和不清楚自身患慢性病情况的居民。
2.2　2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识要点正确率（表2）
调查数据显示，居民膳食推荐相关知识要点的正确率在19.8%~87.1%之间。19个知识点中，正确率超过70%的知识点有8个，其中“应餐餐有蔬菜 ”的正确率最高，为87.1%；“日常饮食中应包含哪些食物类别”正确率为86.8%；“通过粗细搭配、荤素搭配和色彩搭配，更容易做到食物多样”正确率为83.9%。“每天添加糖最好不超过25克”“多吃奶类”“每天及每周应摄入的食物种类数”“每天烹调油25~30克”等知识要点的作答正确率较低，正确率分别为20.5%、21.6%、25.2%、36.3%。
2.3　2021年湖南省成年居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率影响因素logistic回归分析（表3）
以是否知晓膳食推荐相关知识为因变量，以单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素为自变量，进行二分类logistic回归分析。结果显示，女性（OR=1.267，95%CI=1.051~1.526）、文化程度为初中及以上[初中（OR=1.528，95%CI=1.042~2.242）、高中（OR=2.123，95%CI=1.421~3.172）、大专/职大（OR=3.653，95%CI=2.386~5.593）、本科及以上（OR=3.385，95%CI=2.120~5.405）]的居民与相应的参照组比较而言，膳食推荐相关知识知晓率相对较高。以工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民为参照组，工作单位为教育相关机构（OR=0.547，95%CI=0.322~0.930）的成年居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率较低。以未患慢性病为参照组，不清楚自身患慢性病情况（OR=0.613，95%CI=0.487~0.772）的居民膳食推荐相关知识知晓率较低。
3　讨论
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膳食营养知识对于指导居民养成健康合理的食物消费行为发挥着积极作用[6]。掌握与膳食营养密切相关的营养知识，不仅对于改善居民自身健康素养和提高国民整体健康素养具有重要意义，而且对引导广大居民合理搭配日常饮食，预防膳食相关多种慢性病的发生也有显著益处[7]。本次调查结果显示，成年女性的膳食推荐相关知识得分及知晓率高于男性，与曲梦影[8]、方柯红[9]等研究的调查结果一致。另外，相较于患慢性病和不清楚自身患慢性病情况的居民来说，未患慢性病的居民膳食推荐相关知识得分及知晓率较高。这可能与其对自身健康状况更为关注，对获取营养健康知识的积极性较高有关。未来应加强针对成年男性和慢性病患者群体的膳食营养教育，提供有针对性的营养知识科普和膳食指导，促进居民整体膳食推荐相关营养知识水平的提升。
据数据统计，60岁及以上老年人占比在2022年末达到全国人口总数的19.8%，我国老龄化程度在逐渐加深[10]。有研究指出，老年人营养知识缺乏[11]，日常饮食结构欠科学，与居民膳食指南的推荐要求相差较大[12]。本研究结果发现，相较于其他年龄组，45~54岁和55~64岁居民的膳食推荐相关知识得分及知晓率更低。提示未来应重点关注中老年群体膳食推荐相关知识水平的改善，拓宽中老年群体获取科学权威膳食营养相关知识的渠道，指导其改善饮食习惯，注重膳食结构的合理搭配。本研究也发现，不同文化程度的居民膳食推荐相关知识水平差异较大，文化程度为大专/职大和本科及以上的居民得分及知晓率较高，与健康素养调查结果[13-14]相似。与此同时，工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民膳食推荐相关知识水平较高，这可能与其医学基础知识较丰富、定期参加健康科普活动等相关。
通过分析成年居民膳食推荐相关知识作答情况发现，居民对餐餐有蔬菜、日常饮食中应包含哪些食物类别、如何做到食物多样等知识点的知晓程度较好。但对于“每天添加糖最好不超过25克”“多吃奶类”“每天及每周应摄入的食物种类数”“每天烹调油25~30克”等知识要点的正确率均低于40%，这与居民奶类等食物摄入量明显偏低但盐、油等摄入量过多的现状基本一致[15]，提示未来需不断加强相关膳食营养知识的宣教力度，积极围绕《中国居民膳食指南》和“减盐、减油、减糖”等内容开展形式多样的膳食营养科普教育，引导居民正确认识各类食物的营养价值和具体推荐摄入量，了解盐油糖摄入过多的健康危害，指导居民践行合理膳食。
本研究首次分析了本省成年居民对膳食推荐相关营养知识的知晓程度和影响因素，对未来针对相关知识短板误区开展精准科普以及科普教育效果评价具有指导意义。但也存在局限性：第一，研究数据来自横断面调查，无法分析因果关联；第二，本研究中膳食推荐相关营养知识的评价要点暂缺乏对膳食营养技能、营养态度和行为等内容的考察，且调查未纳入可支配收入、婚姻状况、民族等社会人口学因素，有待未来进一步完善调查设计和问卷内容。
综上所述，湖南省18~64岁居民膳食推荐相关知识水平具有较大提升空间，未来应将《中国居民膳食指南》等作为科普内容重点，重视开展针对成年男性、中老年群体、慢性病患者、工作单位非医疗卫生机构的居民等人群的膳食营养科普教育，引导广大居民树立合理膳食理念，养成科学健康的饮食习惯。
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2024年第51卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401283
  • 接收时间：2024-01-17
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-17
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    湖南省疾病预防控制中心食品安全监测科，湖南 长沙 410153

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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