Article(id=1241067204209341348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411243, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823079397, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823079397, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823079397, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823079397, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=786, endPage=794, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067204603605953, articleId=1241067204209341348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality.

Methods

Based on 1 578 semen samples from the Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, a linear regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear associations of daily sedentary duration, weekly physical activity volume, and physical activity level with conventional semen parameters and sperm kinetic parameters.

Results

Daily sedentary duration and weekly physical activity volume showed significant nonlinear associations with forward motility, immotility, and total motility (P <0.05). Additionally, weekly physical activity volume was significantly nonlinearly associated with average curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, average straight-line velocity, and average flagellar beat frequency (P < 0.05). Compared to the low activity group, the moderate and high activity groups had significant improvements in forward motility [% Change (95%CI): 4.302 (1.691-6.979), 2.816(0.227-5.472)], total motility [% Change (95%CI): 3.624 (1.227-6.079), 2.567 (0.179-5.012)], average curvilinear velocity [%Change (95%CI): 6.600 (3.021-10.304), 3.958 (0.446-7.594)], average path velocity [% Change (95%CI): 6.529 (2.987-10.193),4.012 (0.532-7.613)], and average straight-line velocity [% Change (95%CI): 5.992 (2.049-10.087), 4.221 (0.319-8.274)], with the moderate activity group showing more pronounced improvements.

Conclusion

Both insufficient and excessive daily sedentary duration are risk factors for male sperm quality, with insufficient sedentary duration potentially posing greater harm. Maintaining regular and moderate physical activity is beneficial for improving sperm quality.

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目的

探究静坐时长和体力活动与男性精子质量之间的关联。

方法

基于来自四川省人类精子库的1 578份精液样本,采用调整线性回归模型和限制性立方样条分析每日静坐时长、每周体力活动量、体力活动水平与常规精液指标和精子动力学指标的线性与非线性关联。

结果

每日静坐时长和每周体力活动量与前向精子、不运动精子、总活力等呈显著非线性关联(P<0.05);每周体力活动量还与平均曲线速度、平均路径速度、平均直线速度和平均鞭打频率等呈显著非线性关联(P<0.05);相较于低水平组,中、高体力活动水平组的前向精子[% Change(95%CI):4.302(1.691 ~ 6.979)、2.816(0.227 ~ 5.472)]、总活力[% Change(95%CI):3.624(1.227 ~ 6.079)、2.567(0.179 ~ 5.012)]、平均曲线速度[%Change(95%CI):6.600(3.021 ~ 10.304)、3.958(0.446 ~ 7.594)]、平均路径速度[% Change(95%CI):6.529(2.987 ~10.193)、4.012(0.532 ~ 7.613)]、平均直线速度[% Change(95%CI):5.992(2.049 ~ 10.087)、4.221(0.319 ~ 8.274)]等指标有显著提升,尤其中体力活动水平组有更明显的改善。

结论

每日静坐时长过少或过长均是男性精子质量的风险因素,静坐时长过少可能潜在危害更大,保持规律适度的体力活动则有益于改善精子质量。

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刘振谧,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dPftaFJkffmNU9e73Tm3Kw==, magXml=Vl83ZRaoBWVC+BuFB3lWhg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=r8QhUiue2Pkck6o4ybcVQw==, pdfFileSize=1816546, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=bPmlLLMgz0z7gblvbnxmFg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1/m5cqZyn49NlGo4ddNvyw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

曾思漩(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健,生殖健康

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曾思漩(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健,生殖健康

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Effects of eight-week regular high-intensity interval training and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed on total testosterone level among sedentary young males: double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial[J].Endocrine, 2024, 84(1): 273-286., articleTitle=Effects of eight-week regular high-intensity interval training and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed on total testosterone level among sedentary young males: double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067226527232804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, awardId=U23A202600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U23A202600), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067209091510468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067209104093383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西第二医院生殖男科/四川省人类精子库)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067210819563757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067210832146670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, companyId=1241067210819563757, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西部妇幼研究院出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067224618824389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Results of RCS (knots=4) of daily sedentary time (A) and weekly physical activity (B) with ln-transformed conventional semen indicators, figureFileSmall=QlhCXBN/K+ats7UVrPtfQw==, figureFileBig=bPmlLLMgz0z7gblvbnxmFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067224732070601, 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indicators, figureFileSmall=tdgc14XULCd0R6Ick81Tfw==, figureFileBig=psCJvPyfevc/p9Gn2p0j0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067225558348537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=CN, label=图4, caption=每日静坐时长(A)和每周体力活动量(B)与精子动力学指标对数值的RCS结果(节点数=5), figureFileSmall=tdgc14XULCd0R6Ick81Tfw==, figureFileBig=psCJvPyfevc/p9Gn2p0j0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067225671594749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of study populations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征变量)/[n(%)]
年龄(岁)24.94±4.71
20 ~ 21425(26.9)
22 ~ 24504(31.9)
25 ~ 44649(41.2)
民族
1 496(94.8)
其他82(5.2)
教育水平
本科以下682(43.2)
本科及以上896(56.8)
婚姻情况
未婚1 348 (85.4)
已婚或离异230 (14.6)
是否存在致孕史
1 319(83.6)
259(16.4)
BMI(kg/m222.09±2.32
标准(18.5 ~ 23.9)1 254(79.5)
偏瘦(<18.5)105(6.7)
超重或肥胖 (≥24)219(13.8)
饮酒习惯
从不饮酒921(58.4)
饮酒657(41.6)
抽烟习惯
从不抽烟1 156(73.2)
抽烟422(26.8)
HADS-A得分2.53±2.08
HADS-D得分2.41±2.52
PSQI得分3.43±2.16
禁欲期(d)4.62±1.19
样本采集季节
371(23.5)
727(46.1)
273(17.3)
207(13.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067225776452356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征变量)/[n(%)]
年龄(岁)24.94±4.71
20 ~ 21425(26.9)
22 ~ 24504(31.9)
25 ~ 44649(41.2)
民族
1 496(94.8)
其他82(5.2)
教育水平
本科以下682(43.2)
本科及以上896(56.8)
婚姻情况
未婚1 348 (85.4)
已婚或离异230 (14.6)
是否存在致孕史
1 319(83.6)
259(16.4)
BMI(kg/m222.09±2.32
标准(18.5 ~ 23.9)1 254(79.5)
偏瘦(<18.5)105(6.7)
超重或肥胖 (≥24)219(13.8)
饮酒习惯
从不饮酒921(58.4)
饮酒657(41.6)
抽烟习惯
从不抽烟1 156(73.2)
抽烟422(26.8)
HADS-A得分2.53±2.08
HADS-D得分2.41±2.52
PSQI得分3.43±2.16
禁欲期(d)4.62±1.19
样本采集季节
371(23.5)
727(46.1)
273(17.3)
207(13.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067225893892874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of exposure indicators in the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露变量MP25P75)/n(%)
每周体力活动量(MET-min/w)2 079.0 (999.9, 3 564.0)
步行792.0 (396.0, 1 386.0)
中等240.0 (103.0, 600.0)
剧烈480.0 (187.0, 1 440.0)
体力活动水平分级
277(17.5)
689(43.7)
612(38.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067225986167565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究人群的暴露指标分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露变量MP25P75)/n(%)
每周体力活动量(MET-min/w)2 079.0 (999.9, 3 564.0)
步行792.0 (396.0, 1 386.0)
中等240.0 (103.0, 600.0)
剧烈480.0 (187.0, 1 440.0)
体力活动水平分级
277(17.5)
689(43.7)
612(38.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067226095219474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of linear models of sedentary hours and physical activity with conventional semen indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露变量% Change (95%CI
精液量(ml)精子总数(106精子浓度(106/ml)PM(%)IM(%)TM(%)
每日静坐时长
(min/d)
0.177(-1.753 ~2.145)-2.695(-6.066 ~0.798)-2.867(-5.900 ~0.264)0.270(-0.612 ~1.160)-0.428(-2.416 ~1.601)0.198(-0.616 ~1.019)
每周体力活动量
(MET-min/w)
-0.577(-2.487 ~1.372)-1.105(-4.526 ~2.438)-0.532(-3.634 ~2.671)-0.192(-1.069 ~0.692)0.264(-1.734 ~2.302)0.015(-0.796 ~0.832)
步行0.155(-1.749 ~2.094)0.515(-2.923 ~4.075)0.360(-2.735 ~3.553)-0.602(-1.464 ~0.268)0.326(-1.650 ~2.342)-0.325(-1.123 ~0.481)
中等1.772(-0.170 ~3.752)0.585(-2.874 ~4.167)-1.167(-4.230 ~1.995)0.317(-0.558 ~1.200)-0.661(-2.628 ~1.346)0.401(-0.408 ~1.216)
剧烈-1.655(-3.544 ~0.270)-2.136(-5.520 ~1.369)-0.489(-3.592 ~2.715)-0.026(-0.903 ~0.860)0.454(-1.548 ~2.496)0.056(-0.755 ~0.874)
体力活动水平分级
参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值
6.103(0.342 ~12.194)*9.218(-1.310 ~20.869)2.936(-6.050 ~12.782)4.302(1.691 ~6.979)**-7.512(-12.715 ~-1.998)*3.624(1.227 ~6.079)**
0.600(-4.896 ~6.414)1.265(-8.556 ~12.140)0.661(-8.181 ~10.353)2.816(0.227 ~5.472)*-5.387(-10.743 ~0.290)2.567(0.179 ~5.012)*
), ArticleFig(id=1241067226204271383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

静坐时长和体力活动与常规精液指标的线性回归模型结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露变量% Change (95%CI
精液量(ml)精子总数(106精子浓度(106/ml)PM(%)IM(%)TM(%)
每日静坐时长
(min/d)
0.177(-1.753 ~2.145)-2.695(-6.066 ~0.798)-2.867(-5.900 ~0.264)0.270(-0.612 ~1.160)-0.428(-2.416 ~1.601)0.198(-0.616 ~1.019)
每周体力活动量
(MET-min/w)
-0.577(-2.487 ~1.372)-1.105(-4.526 ~2.438)-0.532(-3.634 ~2.671)-0.192(-1.069 ~0.692)0.264(-1.734 ~2.302)0.015(-0.796 ~0.832)
步行0.155(-1.749 ~2.094)0.515(-2.923 ~4.075)0.360(-2.735 ~3.553)-0.602(-1.464 ~0.268)0.326(-1.650 ~2.342)-0.325(-1.123 ~0.481)
中等1.772(-0.170 ~3.752)0.585(-2.874 ~4.167)-1.167(-4.230 ~1.995)0.317(-0.558 ~1.200)-0.661(-2.628 ~1.346)0.401(-0.408 ~1.216)
剧烈-1.655(-3.544 ~0.270)-2.136(-5.520 ~1.369)-0.489(-3.592 ~2.715)-0.026(-0.903 ~0.860)0.454(-1.548 ~2.496)0.056(-0.755 ~0.874)
体力活动水平分级
参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值
6.103(0.342 ~12.194)*9.218(-1.310 ~20.869)2.936(-6.050 ~12.782)4.302(1.691 ~6.979)**-7.512(-12.715 ~-1.998)*3.624(1.227 ~6.079)**
0.600(-4.896 ~6.414)1.265(-8.556 ~12.140)0.661(-8.181 ~10.353)2.816(0.227 ~5.472)*-5.387(-10.743 ~0.290)2.567(0.179 ~5.012)*
), ArticleFig(id=1241067226313323289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of linear models of sedentary hours and physical activity with sperm kinematic indicators

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暴露变量% Change (95%CI
VCL(μm/s)VAP(μm/s)VSL(μm/s)LIN(%)STR(%)WOB(%)ALH(μm)BCF(Hz)
每日静坐时长(min/d)0.654 (-0.538 ~1.861)0.642 (-0.539 ~1.837)0.753 (-0.569 ~2.092)0.098 (-0.637 ~0.838)0.110 (-0.313 ~0.535)-0.012 (-0.387 ~0.365)0.271 (-0.993 ~1.552)-0.124 (-1.012 ~0.772)
每周体力活动量
(MET-min/w)
0.078 (-1.106 ~1.275)0.026 (-1.145 ~1.211)0.156 (-1.156 ~1.485)0.078 (-0.655 ~0.817)0.130 (-0.292 ~0.554)-0.052 (-0.426 ~0.324)-0.587 (-1.837 ~0.680)0.052 (-0.836 ~0.947)
步行-0.573 (-1.735 ~0.603)-0.656 (-1.805 ~0.507)-0.482 (-1.770 ~0.824)0.092 (-0.633 ~0.822)0.175 (-0.242 ~0.595)-0.083 (-0.453 ~0.288)-0.771 (-2.005 ~0.478)-0.349 (-1.223 ~0.532)
中等0.246 (-0.932 ~1.438)-0.010 (-1.174 ~1.167)-0.179 (-1.479 ~1.137)-0.424 (-1.149 ~0.306)-0.169 (-0.588 ~0.251)-0.256 (-0.627 ~0.117)0.450 (-0.806 ~1.722)0.136 (-0.746 ~1.027)
剧烈0.370 (-0.817 ~1.571)0.459 (-0.717 ~1.649)0.605 (-0.712 ~1.940)0.234 (-0.500 ~0.974)0.145 (-0.277 ~0.570)0.089 (-0.286 ~0.465)-0.535 (-1.786 ~0.732)0.237 (-0.652 ~1.134)
体力活动水平分级
参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值
6.600 (3.021 ~10.304)**6.529 (2.987 ~10.193)**5.992 (2.049 ~10.087)**-0.571 (-2.656 ~1.559)-0.504 (-1.709 ~0.715)-0.067 (-1.142 ~1.020)5.948 (2.163 ~9.874)**2.583 (-0.016 ~5.249)
3.958 (0.446 ~ 7.594)*4.012 (0.532 ~ 7.613)*4.221 (0.319 ~ 8.274)*0.252 (-1.863 ~
2.413)
0.201 (-1.021 ~
1.437)
0.052 (-1.032 ~
1.147)
2.717 (-0.976 ~
6.548)
2.036 (-0.565 ~
4.705)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067226426569503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067204209341348, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

静坐时长和体力活动与精子动力学指标的线性回归模型结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露变量% Change (95%CI
VCL(μm/s)VAP(μm/s)VSL(μm/s)LIN(%)STR(%)WOB(%)ALH(μm)BCF(Hz)
每日静坐时长(min/d)0.654 (-0.538 ~1.861)0.642 (-0.539 ~1.837)0.753 (-0.569 ~2.092)0.098 (-0.637 ~0.838)0.110 (-0.313 ~0.535)-0.012 (-0.387 ~0.365)0.271 (-0.993 ~1.552)-0.124 (-1.012 ~0.772)
每周体力活动量
(MET-min/w)
0.078 (-1.106 ~1.275)0.026 (-1.145 ~1.211)0.156 (-1.156 ~1.485)0.078 (-0.655 ~0.817)0.130 (-0.292 ~0.554)-0.052 (-0.426 ~0.324)-0.587 (-1.837 ~0.680)0.052 (-0.836 ~0.947)
步行-0.573 (-1.735 ~0.603)-0.656 (-1.805 ~0.507)-0.482 (-1.770 ~0.824)0.092 (-0.633 ~0.822)0.175 (-0.242 ~0.595)-0.083 (-0.453 ~0.288)-0.771 (-2.005 ~0.478)-0.349 (-1.223 ~0.532)
中等0.246 (-0.932 ~1.438)-0.010 (-1.174 ~1.167)-0.179 (-1.479 ~1.137)-0.424 (-1.149 ~0.306)-0.169 (-0.588 ~0.251)-0.256 (-0.627 ~0.117)0.450 (-0.806 ~1.722)0.136 (-0.746 ~1.027)
剧烈0.370 (-0.817 ~1.571)0.459 (-0.717 ~1.649)0.605 (-0.712 ~1.940)0.234 (-0.500 ~0.974)0.145 (-0.277 ~0.570)0.089 (-0.286 ~0.465)-0.535 (-1.786 ~0.732)0.237 (-0.652 ~1.134)
体力活动水平分级
参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值参考值
6.600 (3.021 ~10.304)**6.529 (2.987 ~10.193)**5.992 (2.049 ~10.087)**-0.571 (-2.656 ~1.559)-0.504 (-1.709 ~0.715)-0.067 (-1.142 ~1.020)5.948 (2.163 ~9.874)**2.583 (-0.016 ~5.249)
3.958 (0.446 ~ 7.594)*4.012 (0.532 ~ 7.613)*4.221 (0.319 ~ 8.274)*0.252 (-1.863 ~
2.413)
0.201 (-1.021 ~
1.437)
0.052 (-1.032 ~
1.147)
2.717 (-0.976 ~
6.548)
2.036 (-0.565 ~
4.705)
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静坐时长和体力活动与男性精子质量的关联研究
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曾思漩 1 , 杨婷婷 2, 3 , 李福平 2, 3 , 田润 1 , 张璐 1 , 付鹏波 1 , 符乐瑶 1 , 宋贵双 1 , 廖俊豪 1 , 于川 1 , 肖成汉 1 , 刘振谧 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(5): 786-794
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(5): 786-794
静坐时长和体力活动与男性精子质量的关联研究
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曾思漩1, 杨婷婷2, 3, 李福平2, 3, 田润1, 张璐1, 付鹏波1, 符乐瑶1, 宋贵双1, 廖俊豪1, 于川1, 肖成汉1, 刘振谧1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西第二医院生殖男科/四川省人类精子库
  • 3.西部妇幼研究院出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室
  • 曾思漩(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健,生殖健康

通讯作者:

刘振谧,E-mail:
Research on the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality
Si-xuan ZENG1, Ting-ting YANG2, 3, Fu-ping LI2, 3, Run TIAN1, Lu ZHANG1, Peng-bo FU1, Le-yao FU1, Gui-shuang SONG1, Jun-hao LIAO1, Chuan YU1, Cheng-han XIAO1, Zhen-mi LIU1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411243
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目的

探究静坐时长和体力活动与男性精子质量之间的关联。

方法

基于来自四川省人类精子库的1 578份精液样本,采用调整线性回归模型和限制性立方样条分析每日静坐时长、每周体力活动量、体力活动水平与常规精液指标和精子动力学指标的线性与非线性关联。

结果

每日静坐时长和每周体力活动量与前向精子、不运动精子、总活力等呈显著非线性关联(P<0.05);每周体力活动量还与平均曲线速度、平均路径速度、平均直线速度和平均鞭打频率等呈显著非线性关联(P<0.05);相较于低水平组,中、高体力活动水平组的前向精子[% Change(95%CI):4.302(1.691 ~ 6.979)、2.816(0.227 ~ 5.472)]、总活力[% Change(95%CI):3.624(1.227 ~ 6.079)、2.567(0.179 ~ 5.012)]、平均曲线速度[%Change(95%CI):6.600(3.021 ~ 10.304)、3.958(0.446 ~ 7.594)]、平均路径速度[% Change(95%CI):6.529(2.987 ~10.193)、4.012(0.532 ~ 7.613)]、平均直线速度[% Change(95%CI):5.992(2.049 ~ 10.087)、4.221(0.319 ~ 8.274)]等指标有显著提升,尤其中体力活动水平组有更明显的改善。

结论

每日静坐时长过少或过长均是男性精子质量的风险因素,静坐时长过少可能潜在危害更大,保持规律适度的体力活动则有益于改善精子质量。

静坐时长  /  体力活动  /  精子质量  /  横断面研究
Objective

To investigate the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality.

Methods

Based on 1 578 semen samples from the Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, a linear regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear associations of daily sedentary duration, weekly physical activity volume, and physical activity level with conventional semen parameters and sperm kinetic parameters.

Results

Daily sedentary duration and weekly physical activity volume showed significant nonlinear associations with forward motility, immotility, and total motility (P <0.05). Additionally, weekly physical activity volume was significantly nonlinearly associated with average curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, average straight-line velocity, and average flagellar beat frequency (P < 0.05). Compared to the low activity group, the moderate and high activity groups had significant improvements in forward motility [% Change (95%CI): 4.302 (1.691-6.979), 2.816(0.227-5.472)], total motility [% Change (95%CI): 3.624 (1.227-6.079), 2.567 (0.179-5.012)], average curvilinear velocity [%Change (95%CI): 6.600 (3.021-10.304), 3.958 (0.446-7.594)], average path velocity [% Change (95%CI): 6.529 (2.987-10.193),4.012 (0.532-7.613)], and average straight-line velocity [% Change (95%CI): 5.992 (2.049-10.087), 4.221 (0.319-8.274)], with the moderate activity group showing more pronounced improvements.

Conclusion

Both insufficient and excessive daily sedentary duration are risk factors for male sperm quality, with insufficient sedentary duration potentially posing greater harm. Maintaining regular and moderate physical activity is beneficial for improving sperm quality.

Sedentary duration  /  Physical activity  /  Sperm quality  /  Cross-sectional study
曾思漩, 杨婷婷, 李福平, 田润, 张璐, 付鹏波, 符乐瑶, 宋贵双, 廖俊豪, 于川, 肖成汉, 刘振谧. 静坐时长和体力活动与男性精子质量的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 786 -794 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411243
Si-xuan ZENG, Ting-ting YANG, Fu-ping LI, Run TIAN, Lu ZHANG, Peng-bo FU, Le-yao FU, Gui-shuang SONG, Jun-hao LIAO, Chuan YU, Cheng-han XIAO, Zhen-mi LIU. Research on the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 786 -794 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411243
精子质量被认为是决定男性生育力的关键因素,目前全球精子质量普遍呈下降趋势。一项纳入53个国家精液样本的荟萃研究发现[1],1973—2018年全球非不育男性的平均精子数和精子浓度下降超过50%。中华医学会生殖医学分会报告了2008—2018年中国七省精子库捐精者的精液体积、精子总数、前向精子等均随时间呈下降趋势[2]。大量研究已证明遗传、生活习惯、环境、职业暴露等因素共同作用于精子形成和其质量[3-7],其中合理的生活习惯是健康效益良好的可干预因素。研究表明,久坐可能激发睾丸热应激、破坏精子核DNA完整性[8];积极进行体力活动可能有助于调节生精细胞中的氧化应激从而形成有利于精子生成的微环境[9-10]。然而,目前对于静坐与体力活动是否影响精子质量仍存在争论。现有关于精子质量的流行病学研究主要基于精液量、精子浓度等常规精液指标[5,11],而对影响精子动态特性的研究有限。精子动力学参数是对精子的微观动态特性进行精准定量分析的主要指标,现有证据发现精子动态指标可能更灵敏地反映精子与卵细胞融合能力[12-17]。因此,同时考量常规精液指标和精子动态指标可以更准确客观的反映精子质量,提升研究结论可信度。
因此,本横断面研究选取来自四川省人类精子库(Sichuan Provincial Human Sperm Bank,SHSB)的1 578名捐精志愿者为研究对象,以每日静坐时长和体力活动相关变量为暴露因素,常规精液指标和精子动态指标为精子质量结局参数,探讨其潜在的线性和非线性关联,为保护和改善男性生殖健康、确保人类生育力可持续性的干预政策制定提供参考依据。
本文研究对象来自于在2019年10月—2021年12月由四川省人类精子库(SHSB)招募的成年男性捐精者。纳入标准:18 ~ 45岁;无传染性疾病;无遗传疾病和家族史;禁欲期2 ~ 7 d。排除标准:存在生殖系统疾病及疾病史或相关手术史;问卷信息不完整。最终本次分析纳入1 578名符合条件的受试者。本研究获得了四川大学伦理审查委员会(WCSUH-SCU IRB,2019-076)的批准,所有参与者在参与研究前均已被告知所获风险或受益并签署知情同意书。
在精液样本采集前通过国际体力活动问卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire,IPAQ)收集研究对象的每周体力活动量(MET-min/w)、不同类型体力活动量(MET-min/w)、每日静坐时长(min/d)、体力活动水平(低、中、高)。IPAQ是一个由国际体力活动工作组制定的受国际认可并广泛使用的成人体力活动评估工具,其中文版已在我国捐精人群和其他人群研究中验证了良好信效度[18-19]。IPAQ短卷由7个题目组成,体力活动强度采用代谢当量(metabolic equivalent tasks,METs)进行量化,每周体力活动量为步行、中等和剧烈强度体力活动量之和,分级参照《国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算方法》[19]中的“个体体力活动水平分组标准”结合代谢当量和活动频率将体力活动水平划分为低、中和高三组。62名研究对象在间隔1个月内再次完成问卷,结果显示各类体力活动量和静坐时间的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.750 ~0.822,表明较好重测信度。通过比较低、中和高体力活动组的各类体力活动量和静坐时间的差异性来评价区分效度,经Kruskal-Wallis H检验和事后检验结果显示各项差异有统计学差异(P<0.05),表明该量表的良好区分效度。
所有参与者在精液采集前2 ~ 7 d禁欲,采精时通过手淫将精液样本收集到无菌聚丙烯容器中并立即交由专业技术人员储存在37 ℃的恒温容器中,并在1 h内使用来自北京穗佳软件有限公司生产的计算机辅助精液分析设备(computer assisted semen analysis,CASA)对样本进行分析。精液处理和检测过程以及质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)程序均由培训合格的专业技术人员严格遵循《WHO人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》[12]
本研究的结局指标包含:(1)常规精液指标:精液体积(ml)、精子总数(106)、精子浓度(106/ml)、前向运动精子百分率(progressive motility,PM,%)、不运动精子百分率(immotality,IM,%)和精子总活力(total motility,TM,%);(2)精子动力学指标:平均曲线速度(VCL,μm/s)、平均路径速度(VAP,μm/s)、平均直线速度(VSL,μm/s)、线性度(LIN,%)、前向性(STR,%)、摆动性(WOB,%)、平均侧摆幅度(ALH,μm)和平均鞭打频率(BCF,Hz)。
(1)人口统计学变量:通过结构化问卷收集年龄、民族、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、受教育程度、婚姻状况、致孕史。(2)自我报告饮酒和吸烟习惯。(3)通过医院焦虑/抑郁量表[20](hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS-A/D)反映焦虑/抑郁状况(Cronbach α=0.705 ~ 0.846),每部分得分范围0 ~ 21分,得分越高表示焦虑或抑郁症状越严重。(4)匹兹堡睡眠质量指数[21](Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评估睡眠质量(Cronbach α=0.805),指数范围为0 ~ 21,得分越高表示睡眠质量越差。(5)自我报告禁欲天数。(6)精液采集季节:春(3—5月)、夏(6—8月)、秋(9—11月)和冬(12—次年2月)。
采用4.4.0版R软件进行分析,正态分布计量资料描述采用(),非正态分布计量资料描述采用[MP25P75)];计数资料描述使用频数(n)和百分比(%)。建立分析模型之前:(1)将暴露变量进行标准化转换使不同量纲特征具有相同尺度;(2)经Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验后结局参数均呈偏态分布,将结局变量进行自然对数(ln)转换;(3)为了避免存在多重共线性,检验了协变量的方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor,VIF)均小于4。然后建立调整了混杂因素的线性回归模型以评估每日静坐时长、体力活动与精子质量参数之间的线性关系,用100×[exp(β)-1]反映因变量的变化百分比(%Change)。利用协变量调整后的限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)来探索潜在非线性关系,结合样本量大小以及贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC),评估RCS节点数为4时拟合效果最佳,因此RCS设置4个节点时(第5、35、65和95 百分位数)为主要分析,5个节点时(第5、27.5、50、72.5 和95 百分位数)为敏感性分析。
所有统计检验均为双侧检验,Benjamini &Hochberg法用于校正多重比较的P[22],调整后的P<0.05 表示统计显著性。
本研究纳入1 578名研究对象的基本特征。研究人群的平均年龄为(24.94±4.71)岁;大部分研究对象为汉族、未婚、无致孕史,本科及以上占比56.8%;研究人群的BMI平均值为(22.09±2.32)kg/m2。58.4%和73.2%的参与者无饮酒和吸烟习惯。研究对象特征见表1表2描述了本研究人群的暴露指标分布特征。研究人群每日静坐时长、每周体力活动量为360.0(240.0, 483.0)min/d、2 079.0(999.9, 3 564.0)MET-min/w;大部分研究对象为中体力活动水平和高体力水平,分别占43.7%和38.8%。
表3所示,每日静坐时长与常规精液指标之间无显著线性关联(P>0.05)。图1显示每日静坐时长与精子浓度(P=0.016)、PM(P=0.007)、IM(P=0.015)和TM(P<0.001)的非线性关联显著。其中精子浓度、PM、TM随时间呈倒“U”型变化,曲线从最低点逐渐上升,分别在静坐时长约为272.75、331.14和310.29 min/d时到达顶点,然后缓慢下降至平缓趋势;IM呈“U”型变化,该曲线从最高点逐渐下降而后在静坐时长约为314.46 min/d时出现拐点。
表4所示,每日静坐时长与精子动力学指标之间无显著线性关联(P>0.05)。图2显示每日静坐时长与BCF(P=0.007)之间存在倒“U”型的显著非线性关系,曲线先上升在静坐时长约为293.60 min/d时到达顶点,然后缓慢下降趋于平缓。
表3所示,每周体力活动量和不同类型体力活动量均与与常规精液指标无显著线性关联(P>0.05)。由图1观察到每周体力活动量与PM(P=0.009)和TM(P=0.001)之间呈现倒“J”型的显著非线性关系,曲线拐点约为1 858.02 MET-min/w和1 944.44 MET-min/w;与IM(P=0.004)呈现“J”型显著非线性关系,曲线拐点约为1 901.23 MET-min/w。
表4所示,每周体力活动量和不同类型体力活动量均与与精子动力学指标无显著线性关联(P>0.05)。由图2观察到每周体力活动量与VCL(P=0.003)、VAP(P<0.001)、VSL(P=0.003)和BCF(P=0.028)呈现倒“J”型的显著非线性关系,以上除了VAP对应曲线拐点约为1 814.81 MET-min/w,其他拐点大约为1 858.02 MET-min/w。
表3所示,相较于低水平组,中体力活动水平组的精液量、PM和TM[% Change(95%CI):6.103(0.342 ~ 12.194)、4.302(1.691 ~ 6.979)、3.624(1.227~ 6.079)]均显著增加,IM[% Change(95%CI):-7.512(-12.715 ~ -1.998)]显著降低;相较于低水平组,高水平组的PM和TM[% Change(95%CI):2.816(0.227~ 5.472)、2.567(0.179 ~ 5.012)]显著增加。
表4所示,相较于低水平组,中、高体力活动水平组的VCL[% Change(95%CI):6.600(3.021 ~10.304)、3.958(0.446 ~ 7.594)]、VAP[% Change(95%CI):6.529(2.987 ~ 10.193)、4.012(0.532 ~7.613)]、VSL[% Change(95%CI):5.992(2.049 ~10.087)、4.221(0.319 ~ 8.274)]均显著增加,并且相较于低水平组,中水平组的ALH[% Change(95%CI):5.948(2.163 ~ 9.874)]也显著增加。
图34所示,当RCS节点数为5时,每日静坐时长与精子浓度、PM、IM、TM以及BCF具有显著非线性关系(P<0.05),每周体力活动量与PM、IM、TM以及VCL、VAP、VSL具有显著非线性关系(P<0.05),结果显示非线性关系具有稳健性。
本研究对1 578名成年男性的精液样本进行横断面分析,发现尽管精子浓度、PM、TM及BCF会随着静坐时间超过约4.5 ~ 5.5 h后降低,但每日静坐时长过少相比于时间过长似乎更可能成为影响精子质量的危险因素。一项横断面研究表明静坐时长超过8 h后前向精子率显著下降[23];而一项来自湖北省精子库的研究发现久坐时长与精液质量无显著关联[18]。这可能与数据结构、混杂调整和统计方法差异有关。关于其机制,有研究认为久坐影响睾丸血液循环和散热,阻碍精子染色质重塑而破坏精子核DNA完整性[8]。目前研究仍缺乏对每日静坐时长过少造成男性生殖危害的阐述,而我们发现每日静坐时长过少同样可能严重危害精子质量,这可能是静坐时间过少的男性群体多为低收入体力劳动工作者、社会经济地位不高、受教育程度有限等潜在因素造成的精子质量下降。
本研究还发现,每周体力活动量超过适当限度不仅影响常规精液指标,VAP、BCF等动力学指标均随之呈现下降趋势,这提示每周体力活动量过大会使精子微细运动能力减弱从而影响精子活力。相比低体力活动水平,中水平组的常规精液、精子动力学整体水平均明显提升,且高水平组对应指标变化值均低于中水平组。这表明应同时考虑活动适度性与规律性,最大化提高生殖健康效益。一项随机对照试验荟萃分析表明[9],身体活动与精液参数改善显著相关;另一项纳入32篇研究的荟萃分析发现[10],日常休闲性体力活动可以对精液浓度或前向运动能力产生积极影响,而职业运动性体力活动可能会其产生不利影响,同时指出这些纳入研究对体力活动的判断标准不统一而造成明显异质性。对于其关联机制,研究认为规律体力活动可防止活性氧产生而高负荷运动使睾丸抗氧化体系失衡或阴囊调节温度功能失调而造成精子生成受损[24-25],但仍需要进一步研究充分探讨其潜在机制,并且后续研究有必要继续探索有利于维护生育力的活动种类、时长和占比,为做出有效的临床生活方式干预、生育保健管理决策提供充分依据。
这项研究的优势在于对精子质量的考量同时依赖于常规的精液指标以及反映精子微观动态特性的动力学指标,这为该研究假设提供了更加充分有力的依据。此外,我们调整了许多可能混淆关联的协变量从而提高模型解释力。本研究也存在一些局限性:横断面研究无法明确因果关系;暴露信息是通过自我报告获得的,无法避免回忆偏倚和错误分类;研究对象是作为潜在捐精者的健康男性,这可能会限制对更广泛男性人群的推广性。
  • 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U23A202600)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411243
  • 接收时间:2024-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U23A202600)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西第二医院生殖男科/四川省人类精子库
    3.西部妇幼研究院出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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