Article(id=1241067203756356501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407059, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720108800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823079288, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823079288, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823079288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823079288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=880, endPage=886, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067204188369825, articleId=1241067203756356501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life in older adults, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults based on the health ecological model.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 1 497 older adults using a general information questionnaire, social network relationship scale, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, health literacy assessment scale, and SF-6Dv2 quality of life assessment scale. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and correlation analyses were performed on the data, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS 26.0 was used to construct a multiple mediation effect model.

Results

Significant differences in quality-of-life scores among older adults were observed based on different living areas (Z=-4.171, P <0.001), gender (Z=-2.378, P < 0.05), age (H=58.938, P < 0.001), education level (H=66.224, P < 0.001), occupation (H=78.662, P <0.001), and income sources (H=87.730, P < 0.001). Social support was significantly negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.314, P < 0.01),while positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.398, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=0.253, P < 0.01). Frailty was significantly negatively correlated with health literacy (r=-0.320, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=-0.391, P < 0.01), whereas health literacy was significantly positively correlated with quality of life (r=0.219, P < 0.01). Frailty (effect size=0.094, 95%CI: 0.071-0.119) and health literacy (effect size=0.011, 95%CI: 0.012-0.037) partially mediated the effect of social support on quality of life, accounting for 43.7% and 5.1% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Frailty and health literacy play dual mediating roles in the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults. It is essential to implement interventions that help older adults expand their social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-long MA, Yan WANG, Ai-min WANG, Guo-wen WANG, Shi-fu CHEN, Qiang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241067206990163971, articleId=1241067203756356501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=衰弱和健康素养在老年人社会支持与生命质量间的双重中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于健康生态学模型,探讨衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与老年人生命质量间的双重中介作用。

方法

采用方便抽样法,使用一般资料调查问卷、社会网络关系量表、Tilbrug衰弱评估量表、健康素养评估量表、SF-6Dv2生命质量评估量表对1 497名老年人进行调查。对数据进行描述性统计、非参数检验及相关性分析,应用SPSS 26.0中的PROCESS宏程序构建多重中介效应模型。

结果

不同居住地(Z=-4.171,P<0.001)、性别(Z=-2.378,P<0.05)、年龄(H=58.938,P<0.001)、文化程度(H=66.224,P<0.001)、职业(H=78.662,P<0.001)、收入来源(H=87.730,P<0.001)的老年人生命质量得分有差异,差异具有统计学意义。社会支持与衰弱呈显著负相关(r=-0.314,P<0.01),与健康素养(r=0.398,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=0.253,P<0.01)呈显著正相关;衰弱与健康素养(r=-0.320,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=-0.391,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,健康素养与生命质量呈显著正相关(r=0.219,P<0.01)。衰弱(效应值=0.094,95%CI:0.071~0.119)和健康素养(效应值=0.011,95%CI:0.012~0.037)在社会支持对生命质量的影响中起部分中介作用,分别占总效应的43.7%和5.1%。

结论

衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与老年人生命质量间发挥双重中介效应。应重视并采取干预措施帮助老年人拓展社会支持网络,降低衰弱程度,提高健康素养水平,进而改善生命质量状况。

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通信作者:王强,E-mail:
王燕,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=apezMo3+ldg6S8gw5wmoqQ==, magXml=i8i9O15TkMEeJln0Tf9xPw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6QN1a6M0ITgk2CVdc2G20g==, pdfFileSize=812331, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=60luyo0/d7p2HM/r+73OLA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=fVsycQ/UlFLlLxNKW5OW+w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马晓龙(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学

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马晓龙(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学

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The relationship between social support and self-management in patients with chronic kidney disease: the mediating role of health literacy and self-efficacy[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2022.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The relationship between social support and self-management in patients with chronic kidney disease: the mediating role of health literacy and self-efficacy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067217643696689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, awardId=2022YGKT09, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067217761137209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, awardId=24CRKJ02, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067217874383428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, awardId=2023150 10337, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省医药卫生科技项目(2023150 10337), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067217970852426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, awardId=24BGL219, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省人文社会科学课题(24BGL219), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067207397011485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207413788702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, companyId=1241067207397011485, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Public Administration, School of Medicine Management, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207430565921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, companyId=1241067207397011485, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院公共管理系,山东 泰安 271016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067207560589357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207589949486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, companyId=1241067207560589357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院科研管理办公室,山东 泰安 271016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067207749333057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207761915970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, companyId=1241067207749333057, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067207849996360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207858384971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, companyId=1241067207849996360, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院组织人事部,山东 济南 250021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067216309907906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=EN, label=Fig 1, caption=Modeling of the dual mediating effect of frailty and health literacy, figureFileSmall=Yx412Nd7kygG5AxIJOu1Jw==, figureFileBig=60luyo0/d7p2HM/r+73OLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067216406376900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=CN, label=图1, caption=衰弱和健康素养的双重中介效应模型图

注:a表示P<0.01;b表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=Yx412Nd7kygG5AxIJOu1Jw==, figureFileBig=60luyo0/d7p2HM/r+73OLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067216699978209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics and differential analysis of older adults (n=1 497)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)生命质量 [MP25P75)]Z/HP
居住地
农村1 031(68.90)0.806(0.705,0.912)-4.171<0.001
城镇466(31.10)0.828(0.757,0.966)
性别
665(44.40)0.817(0.737,0.942)-2.3780.017
832(55.60)0.802(0.705,0.919)
年龄(岁)
60~64549(36.70)0.841(0.765,0.981)58.938<0.001
65~69425(28.40)0.817(0.725,0.905)
70~74336(22.40)0.796(0.687,0.890)
≥75187(12.50)0.786(0.684,0.905)
文化程度
未上过学347(23.20)0.796(0.684,0.890)66.224<0.001
小学513(34.30)0.815(0.719,0.905)
初中277(18.50)0.817(0.736,0.919)
高中/中专166(11.10)0.817(0.740,0.949)
大专57(3.80)0.856(0.705,0.981)
本科及以上137(9.20)0.927(0.798,1.000)
婚姻状况
有配偶1 193(79.30)0.817(0.736,0.924)-1.2560.209
无配偶304(20.70)0.802(0.699,0.961)
职业
政府、事业单位职工245(16.40)0.893(0.785,1.000)78.662<0.001
企业职工206(13.80)0.825(0.759,0.962)
个体工商户164(11.00)0.816(0.699,0.942)
农民715(47.80)0.796(0.701,0.877)
其他167(11.20)0.828(0.736,0.974)
收入来源
劳动收入456(30.50)0.817(0.742,0.961)83.730<0.001
离退休金、养老金530(35.40)0.828(0.757,0.962)
最低生活保障金98(6.50)0.730(0.642,0.826)
失业保险金17(1.10)0.684(0.373,0.778)
财产性收入60(4.00)0.817(0.705,0.934)
子女、家庭其他成员供养259(17.30)0.781(0.686,0.866)
其他77(5.10)0.864(0.712,0.981)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216796447214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年人人口统计学特征及差异性分析(n=1 497)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)生命质量 [MP25P75)]Z/HP
居住地
农村1 031(68.90)0.806(0.705,0.912)-4.171<0.001
城镇466(31.10)0.828(0.757,0.966)
性别
665(44.40)0.817(0.737,0.942)-2.3780.017
832(55.60)0.802(0.705,0.919)
年龄(岁)
60~64549(36.70)0.841(0.765,0.981)58.938<0.001
65~69425(28.40)0.817(0.725,0.905)
70~74336(22.40)0.796(0.687,0.890)
≥75187(12.50)0.786(0.684,0.905)
文化程度
未上过学347(23.20)0.796(0.684,0.890)66.224<0.001
小学513(34.30)0.815(0.719,0.905)
初中277(18.50)0.817(0.736,0.919)
高中/中专166(11.10)0.817(0.740,0.949)
大专57(3.80)0.856(0.705,0.981)
本科及以上137(9.20)0.927(0.798,1.000)
婚姻状况
有配偶1 193(79.30)0.817(0.736,0.924)-1.2560.209
无配偶304(20.70)0.802(0.699,0.961)
职业
政府、事业单位职工245(16.40)0.893(0.785,1.000)78.662<0.001
企业职工206(13.80)0.825(0.759,0.962)
个体工商户164(11.00)0.816(0.699,0.942)
农民715(47.80)0.796(0.701,0.877)
其他167(11.20)0.828(0.736,0.974)
收入来源
劳动收入456(30.50)0.817(0.742,0.961)83.730<0.001
离退休金、养老金530(35.40)0.828(0.757,0.962)
最低生活保障金98(6.50)0.730(0.642,0.826)
失业保险金17(1.10)0.684(0.373,0.778)
财产性收入60(4.00)0.817(0.705,0.934)
子女、家庭其他成员供养259(17.30)0.781(0.686,0.866)
其他77(5.10)0.864(0.712,0.981)
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216897110518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis among variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分[MP25P75),分]相关系数
1234
1.社会支持18.000(13.000,21.000)1.000
2.衰弱4.000(2.000,7.000)-0.314a1.000
3.健康素养38.000(30.000,40.000)0.398a-0.320a1.000
4.生命质量0.817(0.721,0.927)0.253a-0.391a0.219a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217027133952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量间的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分[MP25P75),分]相关系数
1234
1.社会支持18.000(13.000,21.000)1.000
2.衰弱4.000(2.000,7.000)-0.314a1.000
3.健康素养38.000(30.000,40.000)0.398a-0.320a1.000
4.生命质量0.817(0.721,0.927)0.253a-0.391a0.219a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217152963085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis of the dual mediation model for frailty and health literacy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量RR2FβtP
衰弱社会支持0.3560.12630.795-0.296-11.955<0.001
居住地-0.037-1.3850.166
性别-0.032-1.3090.191
年龄0.0943.797<0.001
文化程度-0.093-3.429<0.010
职业-0.090-3.189<0.010
收入来源0.0662.587<0.050
健康素养社会支持0.4350.18949.6300.36715.378<0.001
居住地0.0220.8530.394
性别-0.014-0.5850.559
年龄-0.049-2.063<0.050
文化程度0.1043.976<0.001
职业-0.026-0.9680.333
收入来源-0.085-3.463<0.010
生命质量社会支持0.4540.20642.9760.1104.226<0.001
衰弱-0.317-12.548<0.001
健康素养0.0314.180<0.010
居住地0.0301.1620.245
性别-0.040-1.6930.091
年龄-0.092-3.873<0.001
文化程度0.0803.074<0.010
职业-0.045-1.6550.098
收入来源-0.054-2.184<0.050
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衰弱和健康素养的双重中介模型的回归分析

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结果变量预测变量RR2FβtP
衰弱社会支持0.3560.12630.795-0.296-11.955<0.001
居住地-0.037-1.3850.166
性别-0.032-1.3090.191
年龄0.0943.797<0.001
文化程度-0.093-3.429<0.010
职业-0.090-3.189<0.010
收入来源0.0662.587<0.050
健康素养社会支持0.4350.18949.6300.36715.378<0.001
居住地0.0220.8530.394
性别-0.014-0.5850.559
年龄-0.049-2.063<0.050
文化程度0.1043.976<0.001
职业-0.026-0.9680.333
收入来源-0.085-3.463<0.010
生命质量社会支持0.4540.20642.9760.1104.226<0.001
衰弱-0.317-12.548<0.001
健康素养0.0314.180<0.010
居住地0.0301.1620.245
性别-0.040-1.6930.091
年龄-0.092-3.873<0.001
文化程度0.0803.074<0.010
职业-0.045-1.6550.098
收入来源-0.054-2.184<0.050
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217362678299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Decomposition table of intermediate effect, total effect and direct effects

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效应类型路径效应值(95%CI)效应值占比(%)
直接效应社会支持-生命质量0.110 (0.073~0.141)51.2
间接效应1社会支持-衰弱-生命质量0.094(0.071~0.119)43.7
间接效应2社会支持-健康素养-生命质量0.011(0.012~0.037)5.1
总间接效应0.105(0.002~0.005)48.8
总效应0.215(0.005~0.008)100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217505284648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203756356501, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应、总效应及直接效应分解表

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效应类型路径效应值(95%CI)效应值占比(%)
直接效应社会支持-生命质量0.110 (0.073~0.141)51.2
间接效应1社会支持-衰弱-生命质量0.094(0.071~0.119)43.7
间接效应2社会支持-健康素养-生命质量0.011(0.012~0.037)5.1
总间接效应0.105(0.002~0.005)48.8
总效应0.215(0.005~0.008)100.0
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衰弱和健康素养在老年人社会支持与生命质量间的双重中介作用
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马晓龙 1 , 王燕 2 , 王爱敏 1 , 王国文 3 , 陈士福 1 , 王强 4
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(5): 880-886
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(5): 880-886
衰弱和健康素养在老年人社会支持与生命质量间的双重中介作用
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马晓龙1, 王燕2 , 王爱敏1, 王国文3, 陈士福1, 王强4
作者信息
  • 1.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院公共管理系,山东 泰安 271016
  • 2.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院科研管理办公室,山东 泰安 271016
  • 3.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部
  • 4.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院组织人事部,山东 济南 250021
  • 马晓龙(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学

通讯作者:

通信作者:王强,E-mail:
王燕,E-mail:
Dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life in older adults
Xiao-long MA1, Yan WANG2 , Ai-min WANG1, Guo-wen WANG3, Shi-fu CHEN1, Qiang WANG4
Affiliations
  • Department of Public Administration, School of Medicine Management, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407059
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目的

基于健康生态学模型,探讨衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与老年人生命质量间的双重中介作用。

方法

采用方便抽样法,使用一般资料调查问卷、社会网络关系量表、Tilbrug衰弱评估量表、健康素养评估量表、SF-6Dv2生命质量评估量表对1 497名老年人进行调查。对数据进行描述性统计、非参数检验及相关性分析,应用SPSS 26.0中的PROCESS宏程序构建多重中介效应模型。

结果

不同居住地(Z=-4.171,P<0.001)、性别(Z=-2.378,P<0.05)、年龄(H=58.938,P<0.001)、文化程度(H=66.224,P<0.001)、职业(H=78.662,P<0.001)、收入来源(H=87.730,P<0.001)的老年人生命质量得分有差异,差异具有统计学意义。社会支持与衰弱呈显著负相关(r=-0.314,P<0.01),与健康素养(r=0.398,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=0.253,P<0.01)呈显著正相关;衰弱与健康素养(r=-0.320,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=-0.391,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,健康素养与生命质量呈显著正相关(r=0.219,P<0.01)。衰弱(效应值=0.094,95%CI:0.071~0.119)和健康素养(效应值=0.011,95%CI:0.012~0.037)在社会支持对生命质量的影响中起部分中介作用,分别占总效应的43.7%和5.1%。

结论

衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与老年人生命质量间发挥双重中介效应。应重视并采取干预措施帮助老年人拓展社会支持网络,降低衰弱程度,提高健康素养水平,进而改善生命质量状况。

老年人  /  社会支持  /  衰弱  /  健康素养  /  生命质量
Objective

To investigate the dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults based on the health ecological model.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 1 497 older adults using a general information questionnaire, social network relationship scale, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, health literacy assessment scale, and SF-6Dv2 quality of life assessment scale. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and correlation analyses were performed on the data, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS 26.0 was used to construct a multiple mediation effect model.

Results

Significant differences in quality-of-life scores among older adults were observed based on different living areas (Z=-4.171, P <0.001), gender (Z=-2.378, P < 0.05), age (H=58.938, P < 0.001), education level (H=66.224, P < 0.001), occupation (H=78.662, P <0.001), and income sources (H=87.730, P < 0.001). Social support was significantly negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.314, P < 0.01),while positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.398, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=0.253, P < 0.01). Frailty was significantly negatively correlated with health literacy (r=-0.320, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=-0.391, P < 0.01), whereas health literacy was significantly positively correlated with quality of life (r=0.219, P < 0.01). Frailty (effect size=0.094, 95%CI: 0.071-0.119) and health literacy (effect size=0.011, 95%CI: 0.012-0.037) partially mediated the effect of social support on quality of life, accounting for 43.7% and 5.1% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Frailty and health literacy play dual mediating roles in the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults. It is essential to implement interventions that help older adults expand their social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.

Older adults  /  Social support  /  Frailty  /  Health literacy  /  Quality of life
马晓龙, 王燕, 王爱敏, 王国文, 陈士福, 王强. 衰弱和健康素养在老年人社会支持与生命质量间的双重中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 880 -886 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407059
Xiao-long MA, Yan WANG, Ai-min WANG, Guo-wen WANG, Shi-fu CHEN, Qiang WANG. Dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life in older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 880 -886 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407059
《“十四五”健康老龄化规划》提出,实施积极的人口老龄化战略,不断满足老年人的健康需求,稳步提升老年人的健康水平,促进健康老龄化的实现[1]。健康老龄化的核心目标是提高老年人的生命质量,从而延长健康期望寿命[2]。生命质量(quality of life)是指不同文化与价值体系中的个体对生活目标、期望、标准及关心的事情有关生活状态的体验[3],包括身体健康状况、生活质量和社会交往功能等方面。老年人生命质量的提高有助于社会稳定和发展、社会负担的减轻[2,4]。第七次人口普查数据显示,我国60岁及以上人口占总人口的18.7%,将从轻度老龄化迈入中度老龄化阶段[5]。在人口老龄化快速发展的背景下,如何提高老年人的生命质量,增强老年人的幸福感、获得感,已成为社会普遍关注的问题。
健康生态学模型(health ecological model, HEM)近年来被广泛应用于解释健康影响因素的研究中,包括上游的生活和工作条件,中游的心理及行为特点和人际网络,下游的个人特质5层[6]。社会支持是HEM模型中的人际网络层的重要因素,它指被关心和尊重的感觉或体验,即个人对所处社会网络的感知及支持利用程度[7]。良好的社会支持能帮助老年人提高身心健康水平,对老年人生命质量产生正向影响[8]。因此,提出假设1:社会支持直接正向预测老年人生命质量。衰弱、健康素养是HEM模型中的心理及行为因素层,衰弱是受多因素影响导致身体功能和生理储备功能下降而引起的一种抗疾病能力减退的临床综合征,包括躯体、心理和社会衰弱[9]。研究发现,社会支持在疾病自我管理,延缓老年衰弱中起重要作用[10],良好的社会支持能带来正向情感和体验,提升老年人的幸福感,有效地减缓衰弱进程并提升生命质量[11]。因此,提出假设2:社会支持通过衰弱间接影响老年人生命质量。健康素养是指个人获取和理解基本健康信息和服务,并运用这些信息和服务做出正确决策,以维持和促进自身健康的能力[12]。研究发现,社会支持与健康素养存在正相关关系,积极的社会支持可以促进健康素养水平的提高[13]。此外,良好的社会支持能获得更多的社会资源,从而拥有更多途径获取健康信息,进而促进健康状况的改善和生命质量的提高[14]。因此,提出假设3:社会支持通过健康素养间接影响老年人生命质量。
综上,本研究试图构建双重中介模型,探讨衰弱和健康素养在社会支持对老年人生命质量的影响中所发挥的作用,以期为改善老年人的生命质量、制定干预措施提供参考。
采用方便抽样法,于2023年8—10月,选取山东省16地市的1 497名老年人进行调查。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60周岁;(2)意识、思维清晰,无精神疾病既往史和家族史;(3)知情同意且愿意配合。排除标准:(1)罹患重大疾病且其病情较为严重者;(2)长期卧床或生活完全不能自理者,难以进行正常交流和表达者;(3)有精神或心理疾病,不愿配合者。本研究已通过山东第一医科大学伦理委员会批准(批准号:R202407230336)。
问卷内容包括居住地、性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、收入来源等。
采用Lubben[15]编制的《社会网络关系量表简版》,得分越高说明社会支持程度越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.933。
使用奚兴等[16]修订的中文版《Tilbrug衰弱评估量表》,得分≥5分诊断为衰弱。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.857。
采用李少杰[17]修订的《老年人简短健康素养评估量表》,得分越高表示老年人健康素养水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.968。
采用谢诗桐[18]翻译修订的中文版《六维健康调查量表(SF-6Dv2)》,效应值得分越接近1表明生命质量越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.888。
调查时,向研究对象说明研究目的和意义,获其知情同意后发放问卷。本研究发放调查问卷1 549份,回收有效问卷1 497份,问卷有效回收率为96.64%。
使用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据统计分析。人口学变量分析中,非正态分布的计量资料用中位数和四分位间距表示,计数资料用频数和百分比表示;人口学变量的差异分析,不符合正态性检验采用非参数检验;Spearman相关分析用于分析变量间的相关关系;Harman单因素检验用于共同方法偏差检验;采用PROCESS宏程序中的模型4构建多重中介效应模型,分析衰弱和健康素养的多重中介作用;bootstrap法用于中介效应检验,95%CI不包括0为效应成立。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
采用Harman单因素检验法,共同方法偏差检验结果显示,共有6个因子的特征值大于1,且第一个公因子的变异解释量为30.138%,小于40%的临界标准,表明本研究数据中不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
1 497名老年人的人口统计学特征见表1。结果显示,不同居住地、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、收入来源的老年人生命质量得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
相关性分析结果显示,社会支持与衰弱呈显著负相关(r=-0.314,P<0.01),与健康素养(r=0.398,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=0.253,P<0.01)呈显著正相关;衰弱与健康素养(r=-0.320,P<0.01)、生命质量(r=-0.391,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,健康素养与生命质量呈显著正相关(r=0.219,P<0.01)。见表2
使用PROCESS模型4,将社会支持作为自变量,生命质量为因变量,衰弱、健康素养为中介变量,居住地、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、收入来源作为控制变量,验证衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与老年人生命质量间的双重中介作用,得到路径模型,如图1所示。整个回归方程显著(R2=0.114,F= 27.459,P<0.01),结果表明社会支持对生命质量有正向预测作用,社会支持通过降低衰弱水平(β=-0.296,P<0.001)和提升健康素养(β=0.367,P<0.001)间接提高生命质量,路径系数结果见表3
采用bootstrap法进行中介效应显著性检验,对5 000个样本重复抽样,估计中介效应的95%置信区间。结果显示,社会支持对生命质量的影响路径显著,衰弱和健康素养在社会支持与生命质量之间发挥多重中介作用。具体表现为两条路径,衰弱的中介作用和健康素养的中介作用。衰弱(95%CI:0.071~0.119)和健康素养(95%CI:0.012~0.037)在社会支持对生命质量的影响中起部分中介作用,分别占总效应的43.7%和5.1%。见表4
研究发现,在不同人口学特征老年人生命质量效应值得分方面:城镇显著高于农村,由于农村医疗保障水平低、设施落后,且农村老年人多从事体力劳动,易引发骨关节退变、肌肉劳损等疾病,导致健康不良因素增加;男性显著高于女性,这可能与女性老年人更易患慢性病及失能率、因病致残的概率高有关;未患慢性病的老年人显著高于患慢性病的老年人,患慢性病的老年人身体机能下降、记忆力减退、行动不便,导致其其生命质量较低[19];60~64岁低龄老年人生命质量显著高于65岁及以上年龄段的高龄老年人,随着年龄的增长,老年人出现生理性机体老化,器官和组织细胞的形态、功能和代谢出现退行性改变或衰退,容易罹患多种疾病;本科及以上文化程度老年人的生命质量显著高于其他文化程度,文化程度越高的老年人健康意识越强,健康信息、健康资源获取能力越高;退休前职业为政府或事业单位的老年人、有离退休金和养老金的老年人生命质量较高,这可能与他们拥有养老、医疗、休闲等保障条件,更容易保持愉悦的心情和良好的健康状态有关。
研究发现,社会支持对老年人生命质量的提升具有重要的正向预测作用,这与郝然等[20]的研究结果一致。拥有高社会支持的个体会获得更多的社会资源,能为其提供的积极情绪体验,能以更加积极的态度对待生活中的压力,从而促进个体的身心健康。研究发现,社会支持能提高老年人的身心健康水平,从而提高老年人的生命质量[21]。老年人在获得来自家人、朋友及社会等方面支持时,会积极主动采取多种健康行为,提高个体在生理、心理和社会各个层面的主观感觉和满意度,促进其身心健康和生命质量的提高。因此,应拓宽老年人的社会支持网络,鼓励其积极参加社交活动,满足老年人的物质需求和情感需求,进而促进老年人生命质量的提升。
研究结果显示,衰弱在老年人社会支持与生命质量之间发挥中介作用,即社会支持通过降低衰弱水平,进而间接促进老年人生命质量的提高。研究发现,社会支持能够明显降低老年人衰弱的发生率[22],社会支持度越高,来自家庭、亲戚、朋友的物质和精神支持越多,能获得良好的社会保障、社会福利、便捷的医疗和卫生条件以及更多的资源和社会活动参与[23],进而满足老年人的生理和心理需求,降低衰弱的发生率。此外,社会支持的缓冲效应模型认为,社会支持能有效缓冲外界压力和刺激对个体健康的不利影响,减轻症状负担,保持身心健康[24]。老年人获得的社会支持越多,社会网络和社会活动参与越多,能缓冲衰弱带来的不良健康结局,进而提高老年人的生命质量。因此,应营造互助、友善的老年社区环境,建立不同层级的社会支持网络,鼓励老年人根据自身健康状况积极参加文化体育活动,拓展社会支持资源的获取渠道,满足老年人的生理、心理和社会需求,从而有效缓解衰弱对生命质量的不利影响。
研究结果显示,健康素养在老年人社会支持与生命质量之间发挥中介作用,即社会支持通过促进健康素养水平,间接提高老年人的生命质量。健康促进模型指出,个体的健康行为受到个人特征、行为知识和感觉到的障碍等因素的影响[25],个人通过最大限度地发挥主观能动性增加健康行为知识,提高健康素养水平,减少健康不良因素的发生。研究发现,社会支持水平高的老年人具备较强的健康提升动机和意识,会更积极主动地采取健康的生活方式,保持良好的健康态度,从而提高老年人的生命质量[26]。建议拓宽老年人获取健康知识和技能的渠道,鼓励其参加社交活动,加强健康知识宣传,帮助老年人树立正确的老龄健康观念,养成健康的生活方式,提高老年人的生活质量。
综上,本研究仅从HEM模型的中游因素,探讨了社会支持、衰弱、健康素养与老年人生命质量之间的关系,且研究对象仅局限于山东省。在未来的研究中会增加样本来源的多样性,进一步探讨HEM模型中的上游及下游因素对老年人生命质量的影响路径。
  • 中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09)
  • 山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02)
  • 山东省医药卫生科技项目(2023150 10337)
  • 山东省人文社会科学课题(24BGL219)
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2025年第52卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407059
  • 接收时间:2024-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05
基金
中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09)
山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02)
山东省医药卫生科技项目(2023150 10337)
山东省人文社会科学课题(24BGL219)
作者信息
    1.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院公共管理系,山东 泰安 271016
    2.山东第一医科大学医药管理学院科研管理办公室,山东 泰安 271016
    3.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部
    4.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院组织人事部,山东 济南 250021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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