Article(id=1241067203198505426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725552000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823079155, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823079155, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823079155, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823079155, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=900, endPage=904, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067204410659361, articleId=1241067203198505426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of body composition characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan based on bioelectrical impedance technology, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the distribution characteristics of body composition and the current nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan.

Methods

In this study, people aged 45 to 79 years who participated in the “Natural Population Cohort of West China Hospital, Sichuan University” in Mianzhu city, Longquanyi District and Pixian District of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance method, and the body composition characteristics and the current situation of overweight and obesity in this population were analyzed.

Results

Fat-related indicators such as visceral fat area and body fat percentage (BFP) were positively correlated with age, and the values in women were significantly higher than those in men (all P < 0.001). Muscle-related indicators such as fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass index was negatively correlated with age, and the values in men were higher than those in women (allP < 0.001). According to BMI, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 44.32% and 13.05% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 39.45% and 12.84% respectively. According to BFP, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 16.50% and 70.95% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 20.87% and 63% respectively. The prevalence of hidden obesity in middle-aged and elderly people was 17.29%. A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population. Among them, the type of overweight and/or excessive body fat combined with sarcopenia accounted for 25.06% in men and 20.81% in women, and both increased with age.

Conclusion

The proportion of body-fat-type obesity in middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan is too high. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the three aspects of BMI, body fat and muscle A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population.

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目的

探讨四川部分地区中老年人群身体成分分布特征及营养现况。

方法

本研究选取2020—2021年四川省绵竹市、成都市龙泉驿区和郫都区参与“四川大学华西医院自然人群队列”的45~79岁人群作为研究对象。通过生物电阻抗法检测其身体成分,分析该人群的身体成分特征以及超重肥胖现状。

结果

脂肪相关指标如内脏脂肪面积、体脂率(body fat percentage, BFP)等与年龄呈正相关关系且女性明显高于男性(P均<0.001),肌肉相关指标如去脂体重、骨骼肌质量指数等与年龄呈负相关关系且男性均高于女性(P均<0.001)。按照BMI判定男性超重和肥胖率分别为44.32%和13.05%,女性超重和肥胖率分别为39.45%和12.84%。按照BFP判定男性超重和肥胖率分别为16.50%和70.95%,女性超重和肥胖率分别为20.87%和63%。中老年人群隐性肥胖患病率为17.29%。人群共检出7种肌肉脂肪分型,其中体重和(或)体脂超标合并肌肉减少的分型男性为25.06%,女性为20.81%,且均随年龄增长而升高。

结论

四川部分地区中老年人体脂型肥胖占比过高。未来需综合BMI、体脂和肌肉变化三部分来识别中老年人肥胖的发生,进而实现早期预防。

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通信作者:胡雯,E-mail:
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蒲芳芳(1991—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:营养与疾病

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Nutrition,Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2018, 28(10): 1045-1053., articleTitle=Prevalence and cardiometabolic risks of normal weight obesity in Chinese population: A nationwide study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067226602721669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=1611, pageEnd=1617, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Ji T, Zhang L, Tang Z, journalName=Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ji T, Zhang L, Tang Z, et al. Prevalence of Normal-Weight obesity in Community-Dwelling Chinese older adults: results from the Beijing longitudinal study of aging[J]. 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British Journal of Nutrition, 2020, 124(10): 1102-1113., articleTitle=Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067222001570041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, awardId=82204029, language=CN, fundingSource=国自然科学基金青年基金(82204029), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067222160953601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, awardId=2021-M03, language=CN, fundingSource=中国食品科学技术学会食品科技基金(2021-M03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067222278394120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, awardId=2024HXFH017, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程临床研究基金(2024HXFH017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067207661245105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207669633714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, companyId=1241067207661245105, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207678022323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, companyId=1241067207661245105, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西医院临床营养科,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067207766102719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067207816434371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, companyId=1241067207766102719, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院营养与食品卫生学系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067216930656367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Classification of muscle fat in middle-aged and elderly people of different age groups, figureFileSmall=rm7i+YKer1Q0PkwN+DhlGA==, figureFileBig=BRAxv+3yaYtL+XvU8CfD3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067217035513976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同年龄段中老年人肌肉脂肪分型情况, figureFileSmall=rm7i+YKer1Q0PkwN+DhlGA==, figureFileBig=BRAxv+3yaYtL+XvU8CfD3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067217316532369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of body composition indexes of middle-aged and elderly people of different genders(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人体成分男性
(n=6 025)
女性
(n=12 425)
tP
身高(m)1.62±0.061.52±0.06107.213<0.001
体重(kg)64.89±9.3056.75±8.0158.27<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)24.64±3.0424.44±3.194.185<0.001
肌肉量(kg)43.84±5.3133.77±3.82131.648<0.001
蛋白质量(kg)9.11±1.136.99±0.80130.794<0.001
无机盐(kg)3.03±0.382.45±0.28107.671<0.001
去脂体重(kg)46.33±5.6035.78±4.03130.556<0.001
脂肪量(kg)18.57±5.7720.97±5.57-26.79<0.001
骨骼肌量(kg)25.48±3.4019.07±2.42130.87<0.001
VFA (cm2)84.85±30.51108.41±34.90-46.881<0.001
BFP (%)28.15±6.0736.46±5.76-88.794<0.001
FFMI(kg/m2)17.57±1.5015.38±1.2498.417<0.001
FMI(kg/m2)7.07±2.209.05±2.46-55.347<0.001
SMI(kg/m2)7.31±0.716.05±0.63118.153<0.001
BMR (kcal)1 370.64±121.041 142.94±87.06130.557<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217484304540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别中老年人身体成分指标比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人体成分男性
(n=6 025)
女性
(n=12 425)
tP
身高(m)1.62±0.061.52±0.06107.213<0.001
体重(kg)64.89±9.3056.75±8.0158.27<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)24.64±3.0424.44±3.194.185<0.001
肌肉量(kg)43.84±5.3133.77±3.82131.648<0.001
蛋白质量(kg)9.11±1.136.99±0.80130.794<0.001
无机盐(kg)3.03±0.382.45±0.28107.671<0.001
去脂体重(kg)46.33±5.6035.78±4.03130.556<0.001
脂肪量(kg)18.57±5.7720.97±5.57-26.79<0.001
骨骼肌量(kg)25.48±3.4019.07±2.42130.87<0.001
VFA (cm2)84.85±30.51108.41±34.90-46.881<0.001
BFP (%)28.15±6.0736.46±5.76-88.794<0.001
FFMI(kg/m2)17.57±1.5015.38±1.2498.417<0.001
FMI(kg/m2)7.07±2.209.05±2.46-55.347<0.001
SMI(kg/m2)7.31±0.716.05±0.63118.153<0.001
BMR (kcal)1 370.64±121.041 142.94±87.06130.557<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217618522279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation between age and body composition indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人体成分男性女性
rPrP
身高(m)-0.280<0.001-0.333<0.001
体重(kg)-0.245<0.001-0.104<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)-0.121<0.0010.073<0.001
肌肉量(kg)-0.391<0.001-0.265<0.001
蛋白质量(kg)-0.426<0.001-0.288<0.001
无机盐(kg)-0.325<0.001-0.219<0.001
去脂体重(kg)-0.388<0.001-0.263<0.001
脂肪量(kg)-0.0180.1680.041<0.001
骨骼肌量(kg)-0.426<0.001-0.289<0.001
VFA(cm2)0.061<0.0010.114<0.001
BFP(%)0.134<0.0010.154<0.001
FFMI(kg/m2)-0.314<0.001-0.069<0.001
FMI(kg/m2)0.046<0.0010.129<0.001
SMI(kg/m2)-0.317<0.001-0.184<0.001
BMR(kcal)-0.388<0.001-0.263<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217761128627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

年龄与身体成分指标的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人体成分男性女性
rPrP
身高(m)-0.280<0.001-0.333<0.001
体重(kg)-0.245<0.001-0.104<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)-0.121<0.0010.073<0.001
肌肉量(kg)-0.391<0.001-0.265<0.001
蛋白质量(kg)-0.426<0.001-0.288<0.001
无机盐(kg)-0.325<0.001-0.219<0.001
去脂体重(kg)-0.388<0.001-0.263<0.001
脂肪量(kg)-0.0180.1680.041<0.001
骨骼肌量(kg)-0.426<0.001-0.289<0.001
VFA(cm2)0.061<0.0010.114<0.001
BFP(%)0.134<0.0010.154<0.001
FFMI(kg/m2)-0.314<0.001-0.069<0.001
FMI(kg/m2)0.046<0.0010.129<0.001
SMI(kg/m2)-0.317<0.001-0.184<0.001
BMR(kcal)-0.388<0.001-0.263<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067217878569150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection of overweight and obesity in middle aged and elderly men and women using BMI and BFP methods [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)BMI法BFP法
χ2Pχ2P
超重
45~54791(48.68)1760(37.74)59.74<0.001309(19.02)#1 128(24.19)#18.31<0.001
55~64860(43.94)1 809(40.97)4.920.027338(17.27)#868(19.66)#5.040.025
65~74882(41.74)1 229(40.78)0.480.489303(14.34)#543(18.02)#12.18<0.001
75~79138(41.82)104(31.23)8.020.00544(13.33)#54(16.22)#1.090.296
合计2 671(44.33)4 902(39.45)39.92<0.001994(16.50)#2 593(20.87)#49.50<0.001
肥胖
45~54259(15.94)473(10.14)39.34<0.0011 094(66.83)#2 595(55.63)#62.29<0.001
55~64262(13.39)592(13.41)0.0010.9821 369(69.49)#2 946(66.64)#5.050.025
65~74240(11.36)474(15.73)19.78<0.0011 583(74.73)#2 089(69.14)#18.99<0.001
75~7925(7.58)56(16.82)13.20<0.001250(75.76)#208(62.46)#13.72<0.001
合计786(13.05)1 595(12.84)0.160.5924 275(70.95)#7 828(63.00)#113.71<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067218012786890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中老年男、女BMI法和BFP法超重和肥胖检出情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)BMI法BFP法
χ2Pχ2P
超重
45~54791(48.68)1760(37.74)59.74<0.001309(19.02)#1 128(24.19)#18.31<0.001
55~64860(43.94)1 809(40.97)4.920.027338(17.27)#868(19.66)#5.040.025
65~74882(41.74)1 229(40.78)0.480.489303(14.34)#543(18.02)#12.18<0.001
75~79138(41.82)104(31.23)8.020.00544(13.33)#54(16.22)#1.090.296
合计2 671(44.33)4 902(39.45)39.92<0.001994(16.50)#2 593(20.87)#49.50<0.001
肥胖
45~54259(15.94)473(10.14)39.34<0.0011 094(66.83)#2 595(55.63)#62.29<0.001
55~64262(13.39)592(13.41)0.0010.9821 369(69.49)#2 946(66.64)#5.050.025
65~74240(11.36)474(15.73)19.78<0.0011 583(74.73)#2 089(69.14)#18.99<0.001
75~7925(7.58)56(16.82)13.20<0.001250(75.76)#208(62.46)#13.72<0.001
合计786(13.05)1 595(12.84)0.160.5924 275(70.95)#7 828(63.00)#113.71<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221418561749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recessive obesity status of middle aged and elderly men and women [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)男性女性χ2P
45~54188(11.57)720(15.44)14.62<0.001
55~64346(17.68)766(17.35)0.100.748
65~74506(23.95)511(16.95)38.20<0.001
75~7994(28.48)59(17.72)10.820.001
合计1 134(18.82)2 056(16.55)14.68<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221556973787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中老年男、女隐性肥胖情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)男性女性χ2P
45~54188(11.57)720(15.44)14.62<0.001
55~64346(17.68)766(17.35)0.100.748
65~74506(23.95)511(16.95)38.20<0.001
75~7994(28.48)59(17.72)10.820.001
合计1 134(18.82)2 056(16.55)14.68<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221682802912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Classification of muscle fat in middle-aged and elderly people of different genders [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分型分型特征男性女性χ2P
BMIBFPSMI
正常体重健康型---411(6.82)1 244(10.01)59.58<0.001
正常体重虚弱型--+298(4.95)678(5.46)2.110.146
超体脂健康型-+-740(12.28)2 007(16.15)47.97<0.001
超体脂虚弱型-++1 119(18.57)1 999(16.09)17.83<0.001
超体重健康型+--47(0.78)82(0.66)0.840.358
超体重虚弱型+-+0(0)0(0)//
超体重体脂健康型++-3 019(50.11)5 828(46.91)16.67<0.001
超体重体脂虚弱型+++391(6.49)587(4.72)25.19<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221837992172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067203198505426, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同性别中老年人肌肉脂肪分型情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分型分型特征男性女性χ2P
BMIBFPSMI
正常体重健康型---411(6.82)1 244(10.01)59.58<0.001
正常体重虚弱型--+298(4.95)678(5.46)2.110.146
超体脂健康型-+-740(12.28)2 007(16.15)47.97<0.001
超体脂虚弱型-++1 119(18.57)1 999(16.09)17.83<0.001
超体重健康型+--47(0.78)82(0.66)0.840.358
超体重虚弱型+-+0(0)0(0)//
超体重体脂健康型++-3 019(50.11)5 828(46.91)16.67<0.001
超体重体脂虚弱型+++391(6.49)587(4.72)25.19<0.001
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基于生物电阻抗技术的四川部分地区中老年人群身体成分特征分析
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蒲芳芳 1 , 何睿 2 , 廖欣怡 1 , 李晶晶 1 , 徐淼 1 , 石磊 1 , 柳园 1 , 胡雯 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(5): 900-904
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(5): 900-904
基于生物电阻抗技术的四川部分地区中老年人群身体成分特征分析
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蒲芳芳1, 何睿2, 廖欣怡1, 李晶晶1, 徐淼1, 石磊1, 柳园1, 胡雯1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西医院临床营养科,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院营养与食品卫生学系
  • 蒲芳芳(1991—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:营养与疾病

通讯作者:

通信作者:胡雯,E-mail:
Analysis of body composition characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan based on bioelectrical impedance technology
Fang-fang PU1, Rui HE2, Xin-yi LIAO1, Jing-jing LI1, Miao XU1, Lei SHI1, Yuan LIU1, Wen HU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409062
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目的

探讨四川部分地区中老年人群身体成分分布特征及营养现况。

方法

本研究选取2020—2021年四川省绵竹市、成都市龙泉驿区和郫都区参与“四川大学华西医院自然人群队列”的45~79岁人群作为研究对象。通过生物电阻抗法检测其身体成分,分析该人群的身体成分特征以及超重肥胖现状。

结果

脂肪相关指标如内脏脂肪面积、体脂率(body fat percentage, BFP)等与年龄呈正相关关系且女性明显高于男性(P均<0.001),肌肉相关指标如去脂体重、骨骼肌质量指数等与年龄呈负相关关系且男性均高于女性(P均<0.001)。按照BMI判定男性超重和肥胖率分别为44.32%和13.05%,女性超重和肥胖率分别为39.45%和12.84%。按照BFP判定男性超重和肥胖率分别为16.50%和70.95%,女性超重和肥胖率分别为20.87%和63%。中老年人群隐性肥胖患病率为17.29%。人群共检出7种肌肉脂肪分型,其中体重和(或)体脂超标合并肌肉减少的分型男性为25.06%,女性为20.81%,且均随年龄增长而升高。

结论

四川部分地区中老年人体脂型肥胖占比过高。未来需综合BMI、体脂和肌肉变化三部分来识别中老年人肥胖的发生,进而实现早期预防。

身体成分  /  中老年人  /  多频生物电阻抗技术  /  肥胖
Objective

To explore the distribution characteristics of body composition and the current nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan.

Methods

In this study, people aged 45 to 79 years who participated in the “Natural Population Cohort of West China Hospital, Sichuan University” in Mianzhu city, Longquanyi District and Pixian District of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance method, and the body composition characteristics and the current situation of overweight and obesity in this population were analyzed.

Results

Fat-related indicators such as visceral fat area and body fat percentage (BFP) were positively correlated with age, and the values in women were significantly higher than those in men (all P < 0.001). Muscle-related indicators such as fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass index was negatively correlated with age, and the values in men were higher than those in women (allP < 0.001). According to BMI, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 44.32% and 13.05% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 39.45% and 12.84% respectively. According to BFP, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 16.50% and 70.95% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 20.87% and 63% respectively. The prevalence of hidden obesity in middle-aged and elderly people was 17.29%. A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population. Among them, the type of overweight and/or excessive body fat combined with sarcopenia accounted for 25.06% in men and 20.81% in women, and both increased with age.

Conclusion

The proportion of body-fat-type obesity in middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan is too high. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the three aspects of BMI, body fat and muscle A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population.

Body composition  /  Middle-aged and elderly people  /  Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance technology  /  Obesity
蒲芳芳, 何睿, 廖欣怡, 李晶晶, 徐淼, 石磊, 柳园, 胡雯. 基于生物电阻抗技术的四川部分地区中老年人群身体成分特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 900 -904 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409062
Fang-fang PU, Rui HE, Xin-yi LIAO, Jing-jing LI, Miao XU, Lei SHI, Yuan LIU, Wen HU. Analysis of body composition characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan based on bioelectrical impedance technology[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 900 -904 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409062
我国老龄化问题日趋严重,第七次人口普查显示,60岁及以上人口占比高达18.7%[1]。随着社会经济发展和生活方式改善,人口老龄化的同时还伴随营养过剩高发,我国成年超重肥胖居民已高达50.7%[2-3]。肥胖与多种慢性疾病密切相关,已成为影响中老年健康的重要公共卫生问题[4]
身体成分是指体内肌肉、骨骼、脂肪、蛋白质量、水和矿物质等各种成分的含量及比例,可用于判断机体营养状态。随着年龄增长,身体各类成分发生变化,如骨骼肌减少、脂肪向腹部和内脏器官的重新分布,这些变化对胰岛素敏感性、代谢综合征和心血管疾病有显著影响[5-6]。生物电阻抗法(bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA)是近年来新兴的身体成分测量技术,具有无辐射、便携、高效等优点,已广泛应用于营养监测及多种慢性疾病的筛查[7]。本研究旨在通过BIA技术检测四川省部分地区中老年居民身体成分特征检测,并在此基础上进行营养状况评估,以期为该地区未来中老年人群个性化营养干预提供科学依据。
研究对象来自2020—2021年“四川大学华西医院自然人群队列”绵竹市、龙泉驿区和郫都区现场随访人群。纳入标准:(1)年龄45~79岁;(2)当地生活半年及以上;(3)签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)无法独立行走;(2)体内有金属、起搏器、心脏支架等;(3)依从性差者。本研究已获得四川大学华西医院生物医学伦理审查委员会批准(批准号:2021年审752号)。
早晨空腹状态下,脱鞋并穿着轻便衣物,背靠站直,采用电子身高体重仪测量身高。身高测量单位是厘米,精确到0.1 cm。
采用基于BIA技术的人体成分分析仪InBody 770(InBody Co., Ltd.,韩国)测量身体成分。早晨空腹状态下,脱去鞋袜、外套,取掉身上金属物品及电子产品,赤脚站立于仪器脚印电极处,双手握住手部电极杆,伸直手臂并与躯干成15°夹角,保持静止并放松,仪器将根据多频率电流通过机体不同部位的阻抗值自动测算体成分参数,包括体重、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)、脂肪量、皮下脂肪含量、内脏脂肪面积(visceral fat area, VFA)、体脂率(body fat percentage, BFP)、去脂体重、肌肉量、蛋白质量、骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI)、基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate, BMR)、脂肪重量指数(fat mass index, FMI)和去脂体重指数(fat free mass index, FFMI)等。
超重/肥胖:(1)BMI法:按照中国居民肥胖防治专家共识[8],超重为24.0 kg/m2≤BMI <28.0 kg/m2,肥胖为BMI≥28.0 kg/m2;(2)BFP法:超重为男性21% ≤体脂率<25%,女性31%≤体脂率<35%;肥胖为男性体脂率≥25%,女性体脂率≥35%[9]
隐性肥胖:男性BMI<24 kg/m2且体脂百分比≥25%,女性BMI<24 kg/m2且体脂百分比≥35%。
肌肉减少:男SMI<7.0 kg/m2,女SMI<5.7 kg/m2[10]
肌肉脂肪分型:根据老年人营养特征,将BMI和BFP超过正常标准、SMI低于正常标准统称为“异常”,即BMI≥24 kg/m2;男BFP>20%,女BFP>30%;男SMI<7.0 kg/m2,女SMI<5.7 kg/m2。综合3个指标,可将总人群划分为8种分型,分别为正常体重健康型/虚弱型、超体脂健康型/虛弱型、超体重健康型/虚弱型、超体重体脂健康型/虚弱型。
采用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。定量资料采用(均数±标准差)表示,组间比较t检验;定性资料采用率/构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Pearson相关分析法对年龄与体成分指标进行相关性分析。采用Kendall tau_b法对BMI超重肥胖和BFP超重肥胖进行趋势检验。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入18 450名研究对象,其中男性6 025人,平均年龄(60.76±8.72)岁,女性12 425人,平均年龄(57.93±8.19)岁。男性身高、体重、BMI、肌肉量、蛋白质量、无机盐、去脂体重、骨骼肌量、FFMI、SMI及BMR 较女性高,脂肪量、VFA、BFP及FMI低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
除脂肪量外,中老年男性的VFA、BFP、FMI与年龄正相关(P<0.001),身高、体重、BMI、肌肉量、蛋白质量、无机盐、去脂体重、骨骼肌量、FFMI、SMI及BMR与年龄负相关(P<0.001)。中老年女性的BMI、脂肪量、VFA、BFP、FMI与年龄正相关(P<0.001);身高、体重、肌肉量、蛋白质量、无机盐、去脂体重、骨骼肌量、FFMI、SMI及BMR与年龄成负相关(P<0.001)。见表2
以10岁为界一个年龄组,将总人群分为4组,男性与女性共8个组。分别采用BMI与BFP标准评估中老年人超重、肥胖情况,趋势检验显示两种方法评估结果呈正相关,即随BMI的增加BFP也增加(男性r=0.475,P<0.001;女性r=0.527,P<0.001)。按照BMI判定,男性超重和肥胖检出率分别为44.32%和13.05%,均随年龄增长而降低;女性超重和肥胖检出率分别为39.45%和12.84%,超重随年龄先升后降,而肥胖随年龄增长而升高。中老年男性整体超重情况高于女性(P<0.001),肥胖无统计学差异(P=0.592)。按照BFP判定,男性超重和肥胖检出率为16.5%和70.95%,超重随年龄增长而降低,而肥胖反之;女性超重和肥胖检出率分别为20.87%和63%,超重随年龄增长而降低,而肥胖随年龄增长先升后降。中老年男性整体超重情况低于女性(P<0.001),肥胖高于女性(P<0.001)。无论男性还是女性,各年龄段超重情况按BMI法判定均高于BFP法,肥胖情况按BMI法判定均低于BFP法。见表3
中老年男性隐性肥胖总检出率高于女性(18.82% vs. 16.55%, P<0.001),且均随年龄增长而升高。进一步分析发现,男性在45~54岁组隐性肥胖率低于女性(P<0.001),在55~64岁组与女性之间无差异(P>0.05),在65~74和75~79岁组均远高于女性(P=0.001,P<0.001)。见表4
中老年男性肌肉脂肪分型分布前三依次为超体重体脂健康型(50.11%)、超体脂虚弱型(18.57%)和超体脂健康型(12.28%)。女性前三依次为超体重体脂健康型(46.90%)、超体脂健康型(16.15%)和超体脂虚弱型(16.09%)。男性超体重体脂健康型、超体脂虚弱型、超体重体脂虚弱型较女性高(P<0.001),正常体重健康型、超体脂健康型较女性低(P<0.001),正常体重虚弱型和超体重健康型两者之间无差异(P>0.05)。总人群中未发现超体重虚弱型。见表5
进一步分析各年龄段肌肉脂肪分型情况,无论男性女性,正常体重虚弱型、超体脂虚弱型和超体重体脂虚弱型均随着年龄增长而递增,正常体重健康型、超体脂健康型和超体重健康型均随着年龄增长而递减。另外,男性的超体重体脂健康型随年龄增长呈递减,而其在女性中随年龄增长变化不明显。见图1
中老年人营养状况监测是预防和控制慢性疾病的关键。传统的身高、体重、腰围及BMI等指标虽然测量简便,但无法全面反映个体的营养状况。人体成分分析可为精准了解中老年人的营养健康状况提供更全面的信息,但其组成及分布受遗传、性别、年龄、环境、气候、经济条件、饮食习惯等多种因素的影响。本研究显示,中老年男性肌肉相关指标(包括肌肉量、去脂体重、骨骼肌量、FFMI和SMI等)普遍高于女性,而脂肪相关指标(包括脂肪量、VFA、BFP和FMI)则相反。男女性别的差异与国内多个报道基本一致[11-13]。研究结果还表明,肌肉相关指标随着年龄的增加而降低,脂肪相关指标随着年龄增长而升高,这种变化趋势与甘肃汉族40岁以上人群、百色市汉族中老年人群研究结果一致[11-12]。值得注意的是,本研究中老年人的肌肉量和去脂体重均比上述两地区人群低,而脂肪量和BFP则更高。这可能与当地饮食文化有关,如四川菜以麻辣著称,烹饪菜肴重油重盐,还有特色泡菜、腌制品等,居民容易呈现高热量、高脂肪、高盐分的饮食结构,长期摄入可导致体脂堆积。
肥胖是体内脂肪蓄积过多或分布不均的动态状态。BMI是国际上评估肥胖程度最广泛的指标,但不能区分脂肪量和瘦体重,有一定的局限性,对老年人身体脂肪的预测不如中青年人有效[8]。BFP可以提供更直观的脂肪评估,能更早识别超重和肥胖。因此,针对中老年人身体成分特征采用BMI和BFP来评估人群肥胖情况。按照BMI判定,与全国数据相比,本研究人群超重处于较高水平,肥胖处于较低水平[2-3]。而按照BFP判定,该人群肥胖检出率远远高于杨益东等[12]、张兴华等[14]的研究结果。两种方法在评估肥胖程度时呈现巨大差异,提示该地区中老年人群体脂型肥胖居多,需慎重考虑基于BMI来评估当前中老年人的肥胖情况。针对BMI和BFP各自的特点,有学者提出采用BMI联合BFP来定义肥胖。BMI正常但BFP超标的个体被称为隐性肥胖,其可能没有明显的外在肥胖特征,极容易被忽视,但同样会增加患心血管疾病、糖尿病等风险[15]。本研究中老年人群隐性肥胖患病率为17.29%,高于国内其它研究[16-18]。上述结果的差异可能与研究对象的年龄、地区、检测方法以及诊断标准不同有关。本研究男性患病率为18.82%,高于女性的16.55%,与国内外研究结果一致[16]。这可能与男女在生理结构和激素水平上的差异、男性更易暴露于吸烟饮酒等不良生活方式有关。此外,中年老年人隐性肥胖率也随着年龄逐渐上升,尤其是男性在65岁以后隐形肥胖远高于女性,并高达20%以上,进一步表明老年人肥胖问题不能只简单依据BMI标准。
另外,在人体成分领域,常常根据多个身体组分将机体划分为不同类型。肌肉指数是近年来新兴的测量指标,它通过测量肌肉量来评估个体的健康状况。根据老年人的营养特征,本研究进一步综合BMI、BFP和SMI来将机体分为8种类型。结果显示,超体重和(或)体脂合并肌肉减少相关的分型男性为25.06%,女性为20.81%,且均随年龄增长而升高;而在肌肉正常的人群中,超体重和(或)体脂的分型反而随年龄增长而递减。这提示在中老年群体的营养状况,除了关注超重肥胖之外,还需警惕肌肉减少。肌少症和肥胖同时存在的状态被称为肌少性肥胖,较单独的肌少症或肥胖能显著增加跌倒、失能、多种疾病甚至死亡的发生风险[19]。然而,肌少性肥胖需要结合肌肉数量和肌肉功能来综合评判,人体成分分析只能检测肌肉数量,本研究缺少对肌肉功能的评估数据,无法对人群肌少性肥胖情况做出精准评估。
本研究还存在一些局限性。首先,研究采用的BIA技术易受到运动、食物或液体摄入的影响。其次,由于时间和资源限制,样本量有限,结果无法完全代表整个四川地区。再次,体脂切点值的选取对肥胖评价影响较大。目前尚缺乏统一的中老年人BFP肥胖评判标准,不同标准和检测技术使各研究BFP型肥胖率不一致,故与同类研究结果相比时需要谨慎,但仍可为后续全人群BFP肥胖切点值研究提供线索。最后,未对该地区体脂型肥胖偏高的原因进行深入研究,今后需增加此方面资料的收集和分析。
四川部分地区中老年人群普遍存在体脂率偏高和肌肉量减少,需警惕体脂型肥胖、隐形肥胖以及肌少性肥胖发生。在未来制定相应公共卫生政策和个体健康指导时,应考虑纳入更多的身体成分指标,以更准确地评估机体健康状况。此外,我们仍需更全面的设计来深入研究中老年人身体成分的动态变化,以期进行针对性的健康指导和疾病预防,从而促进健康老龄化。
  • 国自然科学基金青年基金(82204029)
  • 中国食品科学技术学会食品科技基金(2021-M03)
  • 四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程临床研究基金(2024HXFH017)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409062
  • 接收时间:2024-09-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-06
基金
国自然科学基金青年基金(82204029)
中国食品科学技术学会食品科技基金(2021-M03)
四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程临床研究基金(2024HXFH017)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西医院临床营养科,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院营养与食品卫生学系

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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