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Article(id=1241067202833600958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410186, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728748800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823079069, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823079069, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823079069, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823079069, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=807, endPage=811, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067203974451709, articleId=1241067202833600958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023 in the “Public Health Emergency Management Information System” providing a basis for effective prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the province.

Methods

A descriptive analysis was conducted on infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023, utilizing ArcGIS 10.5 and GeoDa 1.6 software to explore hotspot areas.

Results

From 2004 to 2023, Gansu Province reported a total of 1 184 infectious disease outbreaks, with a total of 46 352 reported cases and an affected population of 2 616 380, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.77%. A total of 69 deaths were reported, yielding a case fatality rate of 0.15%. General-level events accounted for 1 173 cases (99.07%), while larger-scale events accounted for 11 cases (0.93%). The majority of reported events were caused by Category B infectious diseases, totaling 729 cases (61.57%). The top three reported diseases were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Reports peaked in April to June and October to December, accounting for 49.9% and 38.3% of annual reports, respectively. Lanzhou city had the highest number of reported events at 339 (28.63%), with hotspot areas concentrated in Gaolan County, Yuzhong County, and Anning District. Outbreaks primarily occurred in primary schools (593 cases, 50.08%) and childcare institutions (179 cases, 15.12%).

Conclusion

From 2004 to 2023, the primary infectious disease outbreaks in Gansu Province were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease, with peaks in April to June and October to December. It is essential to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control in hotspot areas, particularly in primary schools and childcare institutions.

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目的

分析2004—2023年甘肃省在《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》报告的传染病类突发公共卫生事件特征，为甘肃省有效防控传染病突发公共卫生事件提供依据。

方法

对甘肃省2004—2023年期间报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件进行描述性分析，运用ArcGIS 10.5和GeoDa 1.6软件探索报告热点区域。

结果

2004—2023年甘肃省报告传染病突发公共卫生事件1 184起，总计报告发病人数46 352例，波及人数2 616 380人，罹患率是1.77%；总计报告死亡69人，病死率为0.15%；一般级别事件1 173起，占99.07%；较大级别事件11起，占0.93%；报告事件主要由丙类传染病引起，为729起，占61.57%；报告前三位的病种是水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病；报告事件主要集中在每年4—6月和10—12月，分别占全年事件报告总数的49.9%和38.3%；兰州市报告事件数最多，为339起，占28.63%，报告热点地区主要集中在兰州市的皋兰县、榆中县和安宁区；传染病突发公共卫生事件发生在小学593起，占50.08%，托幼机构179起，占15.12%。

结论

2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件主要是水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病事件，报告高峰分别在4—6月和10—12月；事件报告的热点区域要加强传染病疫情防控，防控重点场所在小学和幼托机构。

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张晓曙，E-mail:
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姚进喜（1981—），男，硕士，主任医师，研究方向：卫生应急管理和传染性疾病控制

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姚进喜（1981—），男，硕士，主任医师，研究方向：卫生应急管理和传染性疾病控制

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姚进喜（1981—），男，硕士，主任医师，研究方向：卫生应急管理和传染性疾病控制

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Preventive Medicine Tribune, 2024, 30(7): 513-517.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Weifang city from 2006 to 2023, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067216163098677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, awardId=23YFFA0051, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0051), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067206893687422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206910464640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, companyId=1241067206893687422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206918853250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, companyId=1241067206893687422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=甘肃省疾病预防控制中心，甘肃 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067211079603105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Time distribution of infectious disease emergencies in Gansu from 2004 to 2023, figureFileSmall=fxNcQaLmzWTjHrTIHxiILQ==, figureFileBig=y0IKBKeGWPJwy2HOpmy6Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211356427188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件时间分布, figureFileSmall=fxNcQaLmzWTjHrTIHxiILQ==, figureFileBig=y0IKBKeGWPJwy2HOpmy6Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211658417107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of hotspot areas and coldspot areas of infectious disease emergencies in Gansu from 2004 to 2023, figureFileSmall=p1rwn4Q17yrf9wUfcaG5aA==, figureFileBig=Z3yMXIfmnX4EI++7kHWRcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211859743706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件报告冷热点地区分布, figureFileSmall=p1rwn4Q17yrf9wUfcaG5aA==, figureFileBig=Z3yMXIfmnX4EI++7kHWRcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067212073653220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Infectious disease emergencies in Gansu from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）一般级别（起）较大级别（起）事件数（起）波及人数病例数罹患率（%）死亡例数病死率（%）
20042402449 8541 1772.3630.25
200515318332 7081 2730.3860.47
20061123115410 6886 8211.6670.10
20071012103310 5916 0561.9510.02
20081260126270 3224 9841.8410.02
20091730173184 0785 5403.0110.02
20108708762 8562 1003.3410.05
20116806884 8701 8602.1900
20128808870 3662 1613.0700
20134504546 2761 5273.3010.07
20143333693 2589871.0630.30
20152002024 3626772.7800
20162202230 4817382.4220.27
20174704747 6116911.45223.18
201853053150 7881 6681.11201.20
20191020102340 6465 6681.6610.02
20201701745 7951 1382.4800
20212302342 9687511.7500
20221001010 6861731.6200
20237077 1763625.0400
合计1 173111 1842 616 38046 3521.77690.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241067215529759739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2004—2023年甘肃省报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）一般级别（起）较大级别（起）事件数（起）波及人数病例数罹患率（%）死亡例数病死率（%）
20042402449 8541 1772.3630.25
200515318332 7081 2730.3860.47
20061123115410 6886 8211.6670.10
20071012103310 5916 0561.9510.02
20081260126270 3224 9841.8410.02
20091730173184 0785 5403.0110.02
20108708762 8562 1003.3410.05
20116806884 8701 8602.1900
20128808870 3662 1613.0700
20134504546 2761 5273.3010.07
20143333693 2589871.0630.30
20152002024 3626772.7800
20162202230 4817382.4220.27
20174704747 6116911.45223.18
201853053150 7881 6681.11201.20
20191020102340 6465 6681.6610.02
20201701745 7951 1382.4800
20212302342 9687511.7500
20221001010 6861731.6200
20237077 1763625.0400
合计1 173111 1842 616 38046 3521.77690.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241067215680753673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The categories and kinds of infectious disease emergencies in Gansu from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别和病种起数（起）构成比（%）
甲类传染病鼠疫80.68
霍乱20.17
合计100.84
乙类传染病乙脑373.13
麻疹201.69
甲肝151.27
人感染H7N9禽流感50.42
皮肤炭疽40.34
流脑40.34
新型冠状病毒感染30.25
甲型H1N1流感20.17
肺结核20.16
细菌性痢疾10.08
炭疽10.08
狂犬病10.08
猩红热10.08
登革热10.08
流行性出血热10.08
合计988.28
丙类传染病流行性腮腺炎30225.51
手足口病20116.98
风疹13711.57
流行性感冒816.84
其它感染性腹泻病70.59
急性出血性结膜炎10.08
合计72961.57
其他类传染病水痘32327.28
流感样病例暴发121.01
其它121.01
合计34729.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241067215802388501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件类别和病种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别和病种起数（起）构成比（%）
甲类传染病鼠疫80.68
霍乱20.17
合计100.84
乙类传染病乙脑373.13
麻疹201.69
甲肝151.27
人感染H7N9禽流感50.42
皮肤炭疽40.34
流脑40.34
新型冠状病毒感染30.25
甲型H1N1流感20.17
肺结核20.16
细菌性痢疾10.08
炭疽10.08
狂犬病10.08
猩红热10.08
登革热10.08
流行性出血热10.08
合计988.28
丙类传染病流行性腮腺炎30225.51
手足口病20116.98
风疹13711.57
流行性感冒816.84
其它感染性腹泻病70.59
急性出血性结膜炎10.08
合计72961.57
其他类传染病水痘32327.28
流感样病例暴发121.01
其它121.01
合计34729.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241067215898857504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Major diseases of infectious disease emergencies in Gansu from 2004 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）第一顺位第二顺位第三顺位
病种事件数（起）病种事件数（起）病种事件数（起）
2004麻疹7流行性腮腺炎5流行性感冒3
2005流行性腮腺炎9麻疹3流脑2
2006流行性腮腺炎45水痘18流行性感冒18
2007流行性腮腺炎38水痘34流行性感冒16
2008水痘52流行性腮腺炎30风疹28
2009手足口病51风疹37水痘33
2010手足口病40水痘28流行性腮腺炎10
2011流行性腮腺炎25手足口病17水痘16
2012手足口病38流行性腮腺炎34水痘12
2013流行性腮腺炎20水痘18手足口病5
2014手足口病15水痘12流行性腮腺炎5
2015水痘11手足口病4麻疹2
2016水痘12流行性感冒8其它1
2017乙脑15水痘14人感染H7N9禽流感5
2018乙脑19流行性腮腺炎13水痘12
2019流行性腮腺炎36风疹30水痘20
2020水痘11流行性腮腺炎3手足口病1
2021水痘14手足口病4流行性感冒3
2022水痘5新型冠状病毒感染3手足口病2
2023流行性感冒3水痘1手足口病1
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216028880937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202833600958, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件主要病种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）第一顺位第二顺位第三顺位
病种事件数（起）病种事件数（起）病种事件数（起）
2004麻疹7流行性腮腺炎5流行性感冒3
2005流行性腮腺炎9麻疹3流脑2
2006流行性腮腺炎45水痘18流行性感冒18
2007流行性腮腺炎38水痘34流行性感冒16
2008水痘52流行性腮腺炎30风疹28
2009手足口病51风疹37水痘33
2010手足口病40水痘28流行性腮腺炎10
2011流行性腮腺炎25手足口病17水痘16
2012手足口病38流行性腮腺炎34水痘12
2013流行性腮腺炎20水痘18手足口病5
2014手足口病15水痘12流行性腮腺炎5
2015水痘11手足口病4麻疹2
2016水痘12流行性感冒8其它1
2017乙脑15水痘14人感染H7N9禽流感5
2018乙脑19流行性腮腺炎13水痘12
2019流行性腮腺炎36风疹30水痘20
2020水痘11流行性腮腺炎3手足口病1
2021水痘14手足口病4流行性感冒3
2022水痘5新型冠状病毒感染3手足口病2
2023流行性感冒3水痘1手足口病1
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2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件分析
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姚进喜 , 王旭霞 , 刘东鹏 , 杨琛 , 张晓曙
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(5): 807-811
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(5): 807-811
2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件分析
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姚进喜, 王旭霞, 刘东鹏, 杨琛, 张晓曙
作者信息
  • 甘肃省疾病预防控制中心，甘肃 兰州 730000

    • 姚进喜（1981—），男，硕士，主任医师，研究方向：卫生应急管理和传染性疾病控制

通讯作者:

张晓曙，E-mail:
Analysis of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023
Jin-xi YAO, Xu-xia WANG, Dong-peng LIU, Chen YANG, Xiao-shu ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410186
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摘要
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目的

分析2004—2023年甘肃省在《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》报告的传染病类突发公共卫生事件特征，为甘肃省有效防控传染病突发公共卫生事件提供依据。

方法

对甘肃省2004—2023年期间报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件进行描述性分析，运用ArcGIS 10.5和GeoDa 1.6软件探索报告热点区域。

结果

2004—2023年甘肃省报告传染病突发公共卫生事件1 184起，总计报告发病人数46 352例，波及人数2 616 380人，罹患率是1.77%；总计报告死亡69人，病死率为0.15%；一般级别事件1 173起，占99.07%；较大级别事件11起，占0.93%；报告事件主要由丙类传染病引起，为729起，占61.57%；报告前三位的病种是水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病；报告事件主要集中在每年4—6月和10—12月，分别占全年事件报告总数的49.9%和38.3%；兰州市报告事件数最多，为339起，占28.63%，报告热点地区主要集中在兰州市的皋兰县、榆中县和安宁区；传染病突发公共卫生事件发生在小学593起，占50.08%，托幼机构179起，占15.12%。

结论

2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件主要是水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病事件，报告高峰分别在4—6月和10—12月；事件报告的热点区域要加强传染病疫情防控，防控重点场所在小学和幼托机构。

传染病  /  突发公共卫生事件  /  分析
Objective

To analyze the characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023 in the “Public Health Emergency Management Information System” providing a basis for effective prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the province.

Methods

A descriptive analysis was conducted on infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023, utilizing ArcGIS 10.5 and GeoDa 1.6 software to explore hotspot areas.

Results

From 2004 to 2023, Gansu Province reported a total of 1 184 infectious disease outbreaks, with a total of 46 352 reported cases and an affected population of 2 616 380, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.77%. A total of 69 deaths were reported, yielding a case fatality rate of 0.15%. General-level events accounted for 1 173 cases (99.07%), while larger-scale events accounted for 11 cases (0.93%). The majority of reported events were caused by Category B infectious diseases, totaling 729 cases (61.57%). The top three reported diseases were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Reports peaked in April to June and October to December, accounting for 49.9% and 38.3% of annual reports, respectively. Lanzhou city had the highest number of reported events at 339 (28.63%), with hotspot areas concentrated in Gaolan County, Yuzhong County, and Anning District. Outbreaks primarily occurred in primary schools (593 cases, 50.08%) and childcare institutions (179 cases, 15.12%).

Conclusion

From 2004 to 2023, the primary infectious disease outbreaks in Gansu Province were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease, with peaks in April to June and October to December. It is essential to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control in hotspot areas, particularly in primary schools and childcare institutions.

Infectious diseases  /  Public health emergencies  /  Analysis
姚进喜, 王旭霞, 刘东鹏, 杨琛, 张晓曙. 2004—2023年甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 807 -811 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410186
Jin-xi YAO, Xu-xia WANG, Dong-peng LIU, Chen YANG, Xiao-shu ZHANG. Analysis of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 807 -811 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410186
正文
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随着经济和社会发展，以及城镇化、国际化进程加快，甘肃省由传染病引起的突发公共卫生事件屡屡发生，传染病防控压力明显增大[1]。自2004年我国启动“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”，实行突发公共卫生事件网络直报以来，甘肃省历年报告的突发公共卫生事件也以传染病事件为主[2]，但尚无详细梳理甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件的相关文献报道。为进一步做好甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件的防控，现对2004—2023年报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　数据来源
收集甘肃省各级疾病预防控制中心在国家《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》报告的一般级别及以上且已结案的突发公共卫生事件[3]。
1.2　判定标准
突发公共卫生事件分级参照《国家突发公共卫生事件相关报告管理工作规范(试行)》和《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》标准，分为特别重大、重大、较大和一般四级[4]。
1.3　方法
采用Excel 2016整理数据，突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征描述用构成比、百分率；采用ArcGIS 10.5和GeoDa 1.6软件进行地区报告可视化呈现和空间自相关分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　传染病突发公共卫生事件基本情况
2004—2023年甘肃省共报告1 184起传染病突发公共卫生事件；2023年报告事件数最少，7起（占0.59%）；2009年报告事件数最多，173起（占14.61%）。1 173起事件为一般级别，占99.07%；11起事件为较大级别，占0.93%；未报告特别重大和重大级别事件。另报告未分级的传染病事件293起。总计报告罹患率为1.77%，病死率为0.15%。见表1。
2.2　传染病突发公共卫生事件类别和病种
报告的甲类传染病事件中2起为2004年报告的霍乱，其余8起均为鼠疫；乙类传染病事件中乙脑、麻疹、甲肝、人感染H7N9禽流感和流脑共报告85起，共占乙类传染病的86.73%；丙类传染病中流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、风疹和流行性感冒共报告721起，共占丙类传染病的98.9%；其他传染病中水痘报告323起，共占丙类传染病的93.08%。见表2。
2.3　时间分布
2004—2023年甘肃省每年均报告了传染病突发公共卫生事件事件，其中报告最多的年份是2009年，173起，占事件总数的14.61%。事件每年从3月份开始快速增多，第一个报告高峰是4—6月，617起，占事件总数的52.11%；第2个报告高峰是10—12月，338起，占事件总数的28.55%。见图1。
2.4　传染病类型分布
2004—2023年报告传染病突发公共卫生事件数前三位病种为水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病，分别为323、302和201起，分别占27.28%、25.51% 和16.98%。2004—2008年流行性腮腺炎报告事件数较多；2009—2015年手足口病报告事件数较多；2016年起，水痘事件明显增多，除乙脑高发的2017、2018、2019和2023年外，其他年份的报告事件数均居首位。见表3。
2.5　传染病突发公共卫生事件地区分布
2004—2023年甘肃省14个市州均报告了传染病突发公共卫生事件。报告事件数居前三位的是兰州市、定西市和天水市，分别占28.63%、19.59%、8.95%；兰州市除2004和2022年外，其余每年均报告事件，报告的主要病种是水痘、手足口病和流行性腮腺炎，分别为120、105和52起；报告事件数在后三位的市州是嘉峪关市、临夏州和甘南州，分别为1.77%、1.94%、2.03%，三个地区已连续4年均无传染病突发公共卫生事件报告。2004—2023年甘肃省突发公共卫生事件热点区域主要集中在兰州市的皋兰县、榆中县和安宁区。冷点区域主要集中在甘南州的合作市、碌曲县，临夏州的临夏市、临夏县、和政县，以及庆阳市的庆城县。见图2。
2.6　传染病突发公共卫生事件场所分布
2004—2023年甘肃省发生在学校的传染病突发公共卫生事件952起（占80.41%），报告数前两位的是：小学593起（占50.08%）和托幼机构179起(占15.12%)；其中农村小学381起，城镇小学212起，病种主要是：水痘238起（占40.13%）、流行性腮腺炎181起（占30.52%）；托幼机构179起（占15.12%），其中城镇幼儿园126起，农村幼儿园53起，病种主要是手足口病123起（占68.72%）、水痘19起（占10.61%）。
3　讨论
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2004—2023年甘肃省报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件主要是一般级别事件，无特别重大和重大级别的事件报告，与北京、云南、浙江等省市的报告[5-7]基本一致。报告的甲类传染病突发公共卫生事件中68%为鼠疫，且在2015年连续报告3起，提示甘肃省部分地区作为鼠疫疫源地，其防控工作形势仍然较为严峻[7]。需针对性防控常年位于甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件报告前列的水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病。水痘和流行性腮腺炎都是疫苗可预防疾病，应及时做好疫苗的预防接种，降低其传播和聚集性疫情的发生[8]。同时建议及时给托幼机构儿童接种手足口病疫苗，减少重症和死亡病例的发生[3]。
甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件的月份分布呈双峰分布，第一个高峰是4—6月，第二个高峰是10—12月，这与新疆[9]、陕西[10]研究结果基本一致，但与南京[11]略有不同。一方面与甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件80.41%发生在学校，而1—2月和7—8月多为寒暑假，其他月份多是开学季，在学校开学后，学生聚集、密切接触，传染病突发公共卫生事件开始增多有关[12]；另一方面可能与事件数报告较多的手足口病流行季节在5—7月，而水痘和流行性腮腺炎在冬春季高发有关。因此学校应加强与卫生机构在传染病信息方面的沟通协作，开学季做好环境消毒和教室开窗通风，加强师生缺课追因，做到早发现、早报告和早隔离，尽可能减少传染病进一步传播风险[13-14]。
小学和托幼机构，尤其是农村小学和城镇幼儿园是甘肃省传染病突发公共卫生事件的高发场所，这与天津市、河南洛阳市、广西崇左市[15-17]等地的研究基本一致。一方面，小学生和托幼机构儿童是水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病的高发人群，而该人群之间常常一起玩耍和学习，接触密切，一旦引入传染病病例，很容易引起聚集性疫情或暴发疫情[10，18]；另一方面，农村小学卫生条件没有城镇小学好，学生卫生习惯和防病意识较差，老师和家长传染病防控知识较缺乏[19]，而城镇幼儿园常常班级内学生多、拥挤[20]，这些都容易导致传染病疾病的传播流行。学校应联合卫生机构开展针对小学生和幼托机构儿童的健康教育[21]，督促其及早养成良好的卫生习惯，增强防病意识，减少不必要的聚集，最大程度降低传染病发病风险，严防聚集性疫情和学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生[3，22]。
2004—2023年，甘肃省14个市州中兰州市报告的传染病突发公共卫生事件最多，报告的热点区域在兰州市的皋兰县、榆中县和安宁区，究其原因，一方面与兰州是省会城市，热点区域人口密度大、各级各类学校比较多等原因有关[23]，另一方面与这些地区相关部门突发公共卫生事件报告意识强，对事件报告严格管理有关[24]。因此，报告热点区域城市应着重做好传染病突发公共卫生事件处置，报告较少的嘉峪关市、临夏州和甘南州做好突发公共卫生事件的发现和报告，提高报告质量。
报告数据显示甘肃省近几年报告的未分级传染病突发公共卫生事件涉及新型冠状病毒感染、猴痘、鹦鹉热和登革热（输入）等新发传染病，这与全球新发传染病不断出现紧密相关，提示随着旅游、文化、经济等交流日益频繁，甘肃省随时面临输入性传染病威胁，在防控传统传染病的同时，要进一步做好新发传染病的监测预警、报告和处置。
基金
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  • 甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0051)
文献
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2025年第52卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410186
  • 接收时间：2024-10-13
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-13
基金
甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0051)
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    甘肃省疾病预防控制中心，甘肃 兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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