Article(id=1241067202028294567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730563200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823078876, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823078876, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823078876, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823078876, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=949, endPage=954, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067202548388272, articleId=1241067202028294567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in elderly diabetic patients, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on samples from a public database in the United States.

Methods

Data on demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018 were collected, along with mortality data from the National Death Index as of December 31, 2019. A weighted Cox regression model, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore and visualize the correlation between Log2PLR values and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients. The accuracy of Log2PLR in predicting survival outcomes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

A total of 1 323 elderly DM patients were included in this study, with an average follow-up of 4.86 years. Ninety-one patients died from cardiovascular disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 6.88%. Both univariate and adjusted Cox regression model results indicated that a high Log2PLR (≥7.08) was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (HR1=2.71, 95%CI: 1.61-4.56; aHR3=2.75, 95%CI: 1.60-4.72). RCS analysis showed a linear positive correlation between Log2PLR and cardiovascular mortality (Pnon-linear=0.141). There were no significant interactions between age, sex, BMI,history of hypertension, ethnicity, education level, and Log2PLR (P>0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for Log2PLR predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.63,respectively. When combined with age, the AUC for predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at these time points was greater than 0.70.

Conclusion

PLR is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients and has certain predictive value regarding the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease.

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目的

基于美国公共数据库样本探讨老年糖尿病患者血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)与心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性。

方法

收集美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(NHANES)数据库2009—2018年5个周期受试者的人口特征、实验室指标以及截至2019年12月31日国家死亡指数确定死亡数据,采用加权Cox回归模型、亚组分析、限制性立方样条图(RCS)探讨及可视化Log2PLR值与老年DM患者心血管疾病死亡率的相关性。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析评估Log2PLR预测生存结局的准确性。

结果

本研究共纳入1 323例老年糖尿病患者,对其进行平均4.86年的随访,91人因心血管疾病原因死亡,死亡率为6.88%。单因素及调整全部混杂因素的Cox回归模型结果均显示,高Log2PLR(≥7.08)与心血管疾病死亡率相关(HR1=2.71,95%CI:1.61~4.56;aHR3=2.75,95%CI:1.60~4.72)。RCS显示Log2PLR与心血管死亡率呈线性正相关(非线性P=0.141)。年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病史、种族、教育水平与Log2PLR之间没有显著的相互作用(P>0.05)。ROC曲线显示,Log2PLR预测1、3、5和7年老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡率的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.68、0.69、0.67和0.63,Log2PLR联合年龄预测1、3、5和7年心血管疾病死亡率的AUC均大于0.70。

结论

PLR与老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病的高死亡风险相关,且对心血管疾病的死亡风险具有一定的预测价值。

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通信作者:金小岩,E-mail:
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傅菁岚(1997—),女,硕士,住院医师,研究方向:老年医学

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Clinical Cardiology, 2023, 46(6): 632-638., articleTitle=Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio a potential prognosticator in acute myocardial infarction: A prospective longitudinal study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067216796438627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, awardId=2023A03J0724, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技计划资助项目(2023A03J0724), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067206381982289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206394565204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, companyId=1241067206381982289, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of General Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206402953813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, companyId=1241067206381982289, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院全科医学科,广东 广州 510120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067211062825886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Kaplan-Meier curves showing cardiovascular disease survival rates at different Log2PLR levels, figureFileSmall=QXcGXEXTSzc4GTUCxvtxAg==, figureFileBig=s7gj0TIfkqk5oeuhuXcPXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211188655021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Kaplan-Meier曲线显示不同Log2PLR水平的心血管疾病生存率, figureFileSmall=QXcGXEXTSzc4GTUCxvtxAg==, figureFileBig=s7gj0TIfkqk5oeuhuXcPXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211603891153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Restricted cubic spline plot of Log2PLR and cardiovascular disease mortality rate, figureFileSmall=bAJiIb6oULr2jWX+7HXVpw==, figureFileBig=u2fwvjjfrzLI3suhQ9a2bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211868132316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Log2PLR与心血管疾病死亡率的限制性立方样条图, figureFileSmall=bAJiIb6oULr2jWX+7HXVpw==, figureFileBig=u2fwvjjfrzLI3suhQ9a2bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215525565434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Subgroup analysis of Log2PLR and cardiovascular disease mortality rate in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, figureFileSmall=BtiM3ouGEkWF3uEjthuOKA==, figureFileBig=H7olcdR4JkeMgbkcbliHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215676559368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Log2PLR与老年糖尿病心血管疾病死亡率的亚组分析, figureFileSmall=BtiM3ouGEkWF3uEjthuOKA==, figureFileBig=H7olcdR4JkeMgbkcbliHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215781416978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Time-dependent ROC curve of Log2PLR predicting cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with DM, figureFileSmall=fsZ9pdUmu9+At/pAccRJHA==, figureFileBig=y7Z3XF3CV6SaIyYtqFRmaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215877885982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Log2PLR预测老年DM心血管疾病死亡率的时间ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=fsZ9pdUmu9+At/pAccRJHA==, figureFileBig=y7Z3XF3CV6SaIyYtqFRmaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067216003715109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Time-dependent ROC curve of Log2PLR combined with age predicting cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with DM, figureFileSmall=f6UMBDhHBSplgxC1gqLdPA==, figureFileBig=K0SL4kziF8/KaXSQ9evLaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067216116961328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Log2PLR联合年龄预测老年DM心血管疾病死亡率的时间ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=f6UMBDhHBSplgxC1gqLdPA==, figureFileBig=K0SL4kziF8/KaXSQ9evLaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067216288927803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the study population from the NHANES database, 2009—2018 [MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线特征低Log2PLR组(n=899)高Log2PLR组(n=424)Z/χ2P
年龄(岁)68.00(64.00, 75.00)71.00(65.00, 77.76)2.9960.004
性别2.8660.095
499(53.41)211(46.09)
400(46.59)213(53.91)
种族1.3050.274
墨西哥裔美国人148(6.51)53(5.61)
西班牙裔美国人114(5.18)38(3.29)
非西班牙裔白人332(68.37)202(73.39)
非西班牙裔黑人198(11.48)91(11.22)
其他种族107(8.46)40(6.49)
教育程度0.3930.690
高中以下166(9.45)62(8.25)
高中154(13.32)59(11.93)
高中以上577(77.16)302(79.74)
不详2(0.07)1(0.08)
高血压病史0.0240.878
618(69.51)306(70.13)
281(30.49)118(29.87)
BMI(kg/m230.90(26.80, 35.20)30.50(26.30, 35.30)-0.7170.476
血清葡萄糖(mmol/L)6.94(6.11, 8.22)6.77(5.92, 8.27)-0.7650.447
HbA1c(%)6.60(6.00, 7.20)6.40(5.80, 7.10)-2.4310.017
TC(mmol/L)4.34(3.83, 5.09)4.42(3.70, 5.40)0.7450.459
TG(mmol/L)1.56(1.12, 2.12)1.38(1.00, 1.92)-2.4740.016
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.22(1.03, 1.47)1.27(1.06, 1.60)2.3940.019
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.33(1.89, 2.95)2.43(1.76, 3.29)0.9670.337
UA(μmol/L)350.90(291.50, 410.40)345.00(291.50, 404.50)-0.2940.770
WBC(109/L)7.10(6.10, 8.40)6.60(5.50, 8.00)-3.2220.002
PLT(109/L)204.00(176.78, 236.00)243.00(206.00, 286.00)10.836<0.001
Lym(109/L)2.00(1.70, 2.40)1.50(1.20, 1.70)-18.352<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216423145539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

NHANES数据库2009—2018年研究人群的基线特征[MP25P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线特征低Log2PLR组(n=899)高Log2PLR组(n=424)Z/χ2P
年龄(岁)68.00(64.00, 75.00)71.00(65.00, 77.76)2.9960.004
性别2.8660.095
499(53.41)211(46.09)
400(46.59)213(53.91)
种族1.3050.274
墨西哥裔美国人148(6.51)53(5.61)
西班牙裔美国人114(5.18)38(3.29)
非西班牙裔白人332(68.37)202(73.39)
非西班牙裔黑人198(11.48)91(11.22)
其他种族107(8.46)40(6.49)
教育程度0.3930.690
高中以下166(9.45)62(8.25)
高中154(13.32)59(11.93)
高中以上577(77.16)302(79.74)
不详2(0.07)1(0.08)
高血压病史0.0240.878
618(69.51)306(70.13)
281(30.49)118(29.87)
BMI(kg/m230.90(26.80, 35.20)30.50(26.30, 35.30)-0.7170.476
血清葡萄糖(mmol/L)6.94(6.11, 8.22)6.77(5.92, 8.27)-0.7650.447
HbA1c(%)6.60(6.00, 7.20)6.40(5.80, 7.10)-2.4310.017
TC(mmol/L)4.34(3.83, 5.09)4.42(3.70, 5.40)0.7450.459
TG(mmol/L)1.56(1.12, 2.12)1.38(1.00, 1.92)-2.4740.016
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.22(1.03, 1.47)1.27(1.06, 1.60)2.3940.019
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.33(1.89, 2.95)2.43(1.76, 3.29)0.9670.337
UA(μmol/L)350.90(291.50, 410.40)345.00(291.50, 404.50)-0.2940.770
WBC(109/L)7.10(6.10, 8.40)6.60(5.50, 8.00)-3.2220.002
PLT(109/L)204.00(176.78, 236.00)243.00(206.00, 286.00)10.836<0.001
Lym(109/L)2.00(1.70, 2.40)1.50(1.20, 1.70)-18.352<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216548974668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067202028294567, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cox regression analysis of Log2PLR and cardiovascular disease mortality rate

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指标模型1模型2模型3
HR(95%CIPHR(95%CIPHR(95%CIP
Log2PLR(连续变量)2.71(1.61~4.56)<0.0012.41(1.48~ 3.93)<0.0012.75(1.60~4.72)<0.001
Log2PLR分组
低Log2PLR组1.001.001.00
高Log2PLR组2.84(1.71~4.72)<0.0012.72(1.60~4.62)<0.0012.94(1.73~5.01)<0.001
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Log2PLR与心血管疾病死亡率的Cox回归分析

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指标模型1模型2模型3
HR(95%CIPHR(95%CIPHR(95%CIP
Log2PLR(连续变量)2.71(1.61~4.56)<0.0012.41(1.48~ 3.93)<0.0012.75(1.60~4.72)<0.001
Log2PLR分组
低Log2PLR组1.001.001.00
高Log2PLR组2.84(1.71~4.72)<0.0012.72(1.60~4.62)<0.0012.94(1.73~5.01)<0.001
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血小板/淋巴细胞比值与老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性分析
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傅菁岚 , 阳盼 , 肖雪芹 , 金小岩
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(5): 949-954
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(5): 949-954
血小板/淋巴细胞比值与老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性分析
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傅菁岚, 阳盼, 肖雪芹, 金小岩
作者信息
  • 中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院全科医学科,广东 广州 510120
  • 傅菁岚(1997—),女,硕士,住院医师,研究方向:老年医学

通讯作者:

通信作者:金小岩,E-mail:
Analysis of the correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in elderly diabetic patients
Jing-lan FU, Pan YANG, Xue-qin XIAO, Xiao-yan JIN
Affiliations
  • Department of General Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411038
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目的

基于美国公共数据库样本探讨老年糖尿病患者血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)与心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性。

方法

收集美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(NHANES)数据库2009—2018年5个周期受试者的人口特征、实验室指标以及截至2019年12月31日国家死亡指数确定死亡数据,采用加权Cox回归模型、亚组分析、限制性立方样条图(RCS)探讨及可视化Log2PLR值与老年DM患者心血管疾病死亡率的相关性。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析评估Log2PLR预测生存结局的准确性。

结果

本研究共纳入1 323例老年糖尿病患者,对其进行平均4.86年的随访,91人因心血管疾病原因死亡,死亡率为6.88%。单因素及调整全部混杂因素的Cox回归模型结果均显示,高Log2PLR(≥7.08)与心血管疾病死亡率相关(HR1=2.71,95%CI:1.61~4.56;aHR3=2.75,95%CI:1.60~4.72)。RCS显示Log2PLR与心血管死亡率呈线性正相关(非线性P=0.141)。年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病史、种族、教育水平与Log2PLR之间没有显著的相互作用(P>0.05)。ROC曲线显示,Log2PLR预测1、3、5和7年老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡率的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.68、0.69、0.67和0.63,Log2PLR联合年龄预测1、3、5和7年心血管疾病死亡率的AUC均大于0.70。

结论

PLR与老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病的高死亡风险相关,且对心血管疾病的死亡风险具有一定的预测价值。

老年人  /  糖尿病  /  血小板/淋巴细胞比值  /  心血管疾病  /  死亡风险
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on samples from a public database in the United States.

Methods

Data on demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018 were collected, along with mortality data from the National Death Index as of December 31, 2019. A weighted Cox regression model, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore and visualize the correlation between Log2PLR values and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients. The accuracy of Log2PLR in predicting survival outcomes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

A total of 1 323 elderly DM patients were included in this study, with an average follow-up of 4.86 years. Ninety-one patients died from cardiovascular disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 6.88%. Both univariate and adjusted Cox regression model results indicated that a high Log2PLR (≥7.08) was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (HR1=2.71, 95%CI: 1.61-4.56; aHR3=2.75, 95%CI: 1.60-4.72). RCS analysis showed a linear positive correlation between Log2PLR and cardiovascular mortality (Pnon-linear=0.141). There were no significant interactions between age, sex, BMI,history of hypertension, ethnicity, education level, and Log2PLR (P>0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for Log2PLR predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.63,respectively. When combined with age, the AUC for predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at these time points was greater than 0.70.

Conclusion

PLR is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients and has certain predictive value regarding the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease.

Elderly  /  Diabetes  /  Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio  /  Cardiovascular disease  /  Mortality risk
傅菁岚, 阳盼, 肖雪芹, 金小岩. 血小板/淋巴细胞比值与老年糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 949 -954 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411038
Jing-lan FU, Pan YANG, Xue-qin XIAO, Xiao-yan JIN. Analysis of the correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in elderly diabetic patients[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 949 -954 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411038
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)是以慢性高血糖和(或)胰岛素抵抗为特征的代谢性疾病。慢性高血糖水平所致的炎症反应可通过加速动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成,促进心血管疾病的发生发展[1-2]。与非糖尿病人群相比,糖尿病患者患心血管疾病的风险增加2~4倍,且死亡率增加75%,心血管疾病是糖尿病患者最常见的死亡原因。研究发现,糖尿病患者的心血管疾病死亡率显著高于非糖尿病人群,且随着糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)超过7%,心血管疾病的死亡率进一步增加[3-4]
血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)是一种能够揭示血小板和淋巴细胞计数,反映全身炎症状态的新型标志物,可预测心血管疾病、感染性疾病、风湿性疾病、恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的预后[5-8]。一项荟萃分析显示,与未发生心血管不良事件的人群相比,发生心血管不良事件的患者PLR水平更高,急性心肌梗死死亡患者的PLR也明显高于其存活患者[9]。然而,目前针对老年糖尿病群体,PLR与心血管疾病死亡风险之间的相关性尚不明确。本研究基于美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES)数据库探究老年糖尿病患者PLR与心血管疾病死亡风险的相关性,为后续临床研究提供参考。
收集NHANES数据库2009—2010、 2011—2012、 2013—2014、 2015—2016和2017—2018年5个周期受试者的人口特征、实验室指标以及截至2019年12月31日国家死亡指数确定的死亡率状况。NHANES数据库已获得美国疾病控制与预防中心国家卫生统计中心机构审查委员会的批准(https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm)。
纳入标准:年龄≥60岁的糖尿病患者。糖尿病纳入标准:满足以下一项或多项标准:(1)既往有糖尿病病史;(2)使用降糖药物或胰岛素;(3)空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)≥7.0 mmol/L或2 h口服葡萄糖耐量试验水平≥11.1 mmol/L;(4)随机血糖≥11.1 mmol/L;(5)HbA1c≥6.5%。排除标准:(1)未完成PLR检测;(2)生存状态不明确的人群;(3)协变量缺失的人群;(4)存在感染及其感染状态不明确的人群。
心血管疾病死亡定义为因心脏病及脑血管疾病导致的死亡,死亡信息来源于美国疾病控制与预防中心的国家死亡指数(NDI)数据库(https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datalinkage/mortality-public.htm)。研究人群的随访时间从参与时间到死亡日期或截至2019年12月31日。
人口学特征:年龄、性别、种族、教育水平、高血压病史、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。
实验室指标:血小板计数(platelet,PLT)、淋巴细胞计数(lymphocyte,Lym)、白细胞计数(white blood cell,WBC)、FBG、血清葡萄糖、HbA1c、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C),尿酸(uric acid,UA)。
采用Beckman Coulter自动血液分析仪对全血细胞进行计数。PLR=血小板计数/淋巴细胞计数。通过最大选择秩统计量,计算与生存结果最显著关联对应的最佳Log2PLR截断值为7.08。根据最佳Log2PLR截断值,分为高Log2PLR组(≥7.08)与低Log2PLR组(<7.08)。
采用R软件4.2.2版本进行统计学分析。NHANES数据库为复杂多阶段抽样调查,所有分析均在复杂加权下进行。非正态分布的计量资料以加权[MP25P75)]表示,组间比较采用加权非参数检验。计数资料以未加权数字(加权百分比)表示,组间比较采用加权χ2检验。采用加权Cox回归分析探究Log2PLR与心血管疾病死亡率的相关性,采用限制性立方样条图(restricted cubic spline,RCS)可视化两者的非线性关联。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,评估不同水平Log2PLR的生存概率,采用Log-rank检验进行比较。按性别、年龄、BMI、高血压病史、种族、教育水平进行亚组分析。受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析基于“timeROC”包评估Log2PLR在不同时间点预测生存结果的准确性。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入符合标准的1 323例老年糖尿病患者,其中男性710例,女性613例。高Log2PLR组的年龄、HDL-C水平更高,HbA1c、TG、WBC水平更低(P<0.05)。见表1
对老年糖尿病患者进行平均4.86年的随访,因心血管疾病死亡的人数为91人,心血管疾病死亡率为6.88%。在单因素及调整混杂因素的多因素Cox回归模型中均显示,随着Log2PLR水平增加,心血管疾病死亡风险增加(HR1=2.71,95%CI:1.61~4.56;aHR2 =2.41,95%CI:1.48~3.93;aHR3=2.75,95%CI:1.60~4.72)。
对Log2PLR水平进行分组后,结果与分组前一致(P<0.05),见表2。Kaplan-Meier生存图显示,高Log2PLR组患者的心血管疾病死亡率明显高于低Log2PLR组(P<0.001)。见图1
在调整年龄、性别、种族、教育水平、BMI、高血压病史、血清葡萄糖、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、UA、WBC混杂因素后,使用RCS可视化老年DM患者Log2PLR与心血管疾病死亡率的非线性关系,结果显示Log2PLR与心血管疾病死亡率呈线性正相关(非线性P=0.141)。见图2
对研究人群根据年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病史、种族、教育水平进行分层,亚组分析显示Log2PLR水平与心血管疾病死亡率的相关性在70岁以上的患者中具有统计学意义(P<0.05),Log2PLR与各分层变量之间没有显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。见图3
采用时间相关的ROC分析评估Log2PLR对老年DM患者心血管疾病死亡率的预后价值。结果显示,Log2PLR预测1、3、5和7年心血管疾病死亡率的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.68(95%CI:0.47~0.89)、0.69(95%CI:0.58~0.80)、0.67(95%CI:0.59~0.75)和0.63 (95%CI:0.56~0.70),见图4。Log2PLR联合年龄预测1、3、5和7年心血管疾病死亡率的AUC均大于0.70。见图5
糖尿病是老年人常见的慢性病,心血管疾病是导致糖尿病患者死亡的常见原因。慢性炎症在糖尿病的发生发展中发挥着重要作用。糖尿病所致的慢性高血糖和胰岛素抵抗通过促进活性氧产生,触发细胞内分子信号产生炎症介质,加速动脉粥样硬化和大血管并发症的发生发展,糖尿病患者发生心肌梗塞、中风和外周动脉疾病的风险明显升高[1]。研究发现,PLR与糖尿病患者的血管病变相关[10-12]。一项前瞻性研究显示,在接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的2型糖尿病患者中,高PLR水平的患者发生心脑血管不良事件的风险显著高于低PLR组[13]。本研究基于NHANES数据库,分析了1 323例老年糖尿病患者的Log2PLR水平与心血管疾病的死亡风险关系,结果显示高Log2PLR组的心血管疾病死亡率显著高于低Log2PLR组,且随着Log2PLR水平增加,心血管疾病死亡风险增加,与既往研究一致。PLR与心血管疾病的高死亡风险相关,其相关机制可能与PLT活化及炎症反应有关[14]。一方面,活化的PLT可将趋化因子CCL5和CXCL4传递到内皮细胞和WBC,促进WBC与血管细胞粘附分子-1结合,增加WBC的炎症反应和与动脉粥样硬化内皮细胞的粘附性,从而促进动脉粥样硬化的发生[15]。本研究结果提示高Log2PLR组的WBC水平更低,可能与WBC粘附有关。另一方面,血小板可通过诱发炎症反应,促进冠状动脉远端循环血栓形成、收缩局部血管,导致心肌缺血,从而影响心血管事件的预后[16]
人体在衰老过程中,由于氧化易感性增强以及异常的基因调控,体内趋化因子和细胞因子活性发生改变,导致白细胞介素-6等炎症因子水平升高,加剧炎症反应,促进老年人血栓形成[17-18]。研究发现,PLR与冠状动脉疾病及心血管疾病的死亡风险之间存在年龄相关效应,高龄所致的炎症反应和血栓前状态可能是导致心血管事件预后不良的因素[19-21]。Kazem等[22]发现,PLR与老年急性冠脉综合征患者的死亡率显著相关,但在年轻患者中未观察到相关性。Li等[21]发现老年人的PLR水平明显高于年轻人,在老年急性心肌梗死患者中,高水平的PLR与较高的不良事件发生率显著相关。本研究同样发现高Log2PLR组患者的年龄更高,并且与心血管疾病的高死亡率显著相关。亚组分析结果显示在70岁以上的患者中,Log2PLR水平与心血管疾病死亡率的相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Wang等[23]研究发现,年龄及PLR是急性心肌梗死患者预后不良的独立预测因子。在本研究的预测分析中,Log2PLR预测老年糖尿病患者第1、3、5和7年心血管疾病死亡率的AUC面积分别为0.68、0.69、0.67、0.63,提示PLR对心血管疾病的死亡率具有预测价值,与既往研究结论一致。此外,本研究还发现联合Log2PLR和年龄对心血管疾病死亡率进行预测时,可以提高预测的准确性,表明传统危险因素联合新型炎症标志物可能更有效地识别出心血管疾病高死亡风险的群体。
然而,本研究尚存在一些局限性。首先,本研究为回顾性研究,无法控制研究对象的暴露因素,因果关系可能欠明确。其次,尽管本研究已调整部分混杂因素,但仍需警惕潜在的混杂变量和交互作用可能对结果产生影响。最后,本研究聚焦于美国老年糖尿病患者这一特定群体,限制了研究结果的普适性,无法代表其他国家人群。鉴于以上局限性,故下一步研究可采用前瞻性研究,更严谨地控制变量,并拓展研究范围至不同人群,从而更全面地分析PLR与心血管疾病死亡风险之间的相关性,进一步缩小研究局限性的影响。
综上所述,老年糖尿病患者的PLR与心血管疾病的高死亡风险相关,PLR对心血管疾病的死亡风险具有一定的预测价值。因此,定期监测PLR值可能有助于识别老年糖尿病患者中易发生心血管疾病不良事件的高危人群,对于早期干预、改善预后具有一定的帮助。
  • 广州市科技计划资助项目(2023A03J0724)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411038
  • 接收时间:2024-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-03
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广州市科技计划资助项目(2023A03J0724)
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    中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院全科医学科,广东 广州 510120

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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