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Article(id=1241067201948602790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410443, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729699200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823078858, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823078858, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823078858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823078858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=843, endPage=847, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067202997178822, articleId=1241067201948602790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods

The research utilized genome-wide association data concerning vitamin C,vitamin E, vitamin D, carotenoids, retinol, urate, and telomere length. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, weighted model, MR-lap, and MR-PRESSO. The effectiveness of genetic instruments was assessed using F-statistics, Q-statistics, and the MR-Egger intercept test.

Results

The IVW method indicated a negative correlation between urate levels and telomere length (βIVW: -0.050; 95%CI: -0.070 to -0.031; PIVW=4.93×10-7), a finding supported by the other three sensitivity analyses. Additionally, after removing outlier SNPs using MR-PRESSO, the results remained robust (P=2.28×10-7). No statistically significant causal effects were observed for the other five dietary-derived antioxidants concerning telomere length.

Conclusion

There exists a causal relationship between serum urate levels and telomere length.

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目的

通过两样本孟德尔随机化探讨六种膳食衍生抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的因果关系。

方法

本研究基于维生素C、维生素E、维生素D、胡萝卜素、视黄醇、尿酸盐和端粒长度的全基因组关联数据，采用逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted, IVW)、 MR-Egger 回归、加权中位数法、加权模型、MRlap以及MR-PRESSO 进行敏感性分析，使用F统计量、Q 统计量以及MR-Egger截距项检验等方法评估遗传工具的有效性。

结果

IVW方法显示尿酸盐与端粒长度呈现负相关关系(βIVW: -0.050 ; 95%CI: -0.070～-0.031 ; PIVW=4.93×10-7)，其余三种敏感性分析也支持这一结果，并且使用MR-PRESSO去除异常SNP位点后，结果仍具有稳健性(P=2.28×10-7)。其他五种饮食衍生的抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间没有观察到具有统计学意义的因果效应。

结论

血清中尿酸盐的水平与端粒长度存在因果关系。

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熊静远，E-mail:
成果，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=b93pUQnaflR2uJCb55oAZA==, magXml=frIbnnH8v2SBy2szT830qQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ePKwTloiaERrHFUmPaZT9g==, pdfFileSize=665605, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TNoqPY1SEy1xsu+8s2wl0g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rTqcb4yLcVYARc5bL8u3dw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

熊静远与成果为共同通信作者

曾雅贤（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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曾雅贤（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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曾雅贤（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

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Detailed information on the GWAS data in the study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型样本量种族IDPMID队列年份（年）
暴露
维生素C51 453欧洲100015NAUK Biobank2018
维生素E51 453欧洲100025NAUK Biobank2018
维生素D441 291欧洲ieu-b-480832059762UK Biobank2020
胡萝卜素51 453欧洲100019NAUK Biobank2018
视黄醇49 890欧洲100018NAUK Biobank2018
尿酸盐343 836欧洲3088034017140UK Biobank2018
结局
端粒长度472 174欧洲ieu-b-487934611362MRC-IEU2021
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216150515764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201948602790, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究所用GWAS数据的详细信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型样本量种族IDPMID队列年份（年）
暴露
维生素C51 453欧洲100015NAUK Biobank2018
维生素E51 453欧洲100025NAUK Biobank2018
维生素D441 291欧洲ieu-b-480832059762UK Biobank2020
胡萝卜素51 453欧洲100019NAUK Biobank2018
视黄醇49 890欧洲100018NAUK Biobank2018
尿酸盐343 836欧洲3088034017140UK Biobank2018
结局
端粒长度472 174欧洲ieu-b-487934611362MRC-IEU2021
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Results of the evaluation of instrumental variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露SNPsF值MR-Egger截距项的P值R2
维生素C1222.5440.8360.005
维生素E1422.5570.1230.007
维生素D146102.0000.5370.034
胡萝卜素1322.6700.3990.006
视黄醇1822.5120.2030.008
尿酸盐249112.4540.1600.081
端粒长度150116.0000.0860.037
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工具变量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露SNPsF值MR-Egger截距项的P值R2
维生素C1222.5440.8360.005
维生素E1422.5570.1230.007
维生素D146102.0000.5370.034
胡萝卜素1322.6700.3990.006
视黄醇1822.5120.2030.008
尿酸盐249112.4540.1600.081
端粒长度150116.0000.0860.037
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216574140496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201948602790, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The cochran Q test results in MR analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露Cochran Q值P值I2
维生素C15.0150.18226.740
维生素E20.2290.09235.284
维生素D352.4062.70×10-1958.854
胡萝卜素16.2510.09338.465
视黄醇8.5020.6680
尿酸盐497.3946.402×10-2859.991
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MR 分析Cochran Q 检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露Cochran Q值P值I2
维生素C15.0150.18226.740
维生素E20.2290.09235.284
维生素D352.4062.70×10-1958.854
胡萝卜素16.2510.09338.465
视黄醇8.5020.6680
尿酸盐497.3946.402×10-2859.991
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六种膳食衍生抗氧化剂与端粒长度因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究
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曾雅贤 1 , 字璟 1 , 胡一凡 1 , 马国琛 1 , 李昊奇 1 , 熊静远 1 , 成果 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(5): 843-847
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(5): 843-847
六种膳食衍生抗氧化剂与端粒长度因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究
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曾雅贤1, 字璟1, 胡一凡1, 马国琛1, 李昊奇1, 熊静远1 , 成果2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西第二医院妇儿营养中心，四川 成都 610041
  • 3.四川大学华西护理学院，四川 成都 610041

    • 曾雅贤（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：劳动卫生与环境卫生

通讯作者:

熊静远，E-mail:
成果，E-mail:
Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length
Ya-xian ZENG1, Jing ZI1, Yi-fan HU1, Guo-chen MA1, Hao-qi LI1, Jing-yuan XIONG1 , Cheng CHENG2, 3
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University / West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410443
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摘要
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目的

通过两样本孟德尔随机化探讨六种膳食衍生抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的因果关系。

方法

本研究基于维生素C、维生素E、维生素D、胡萝卜素、视黄醇、尿酸盐和端粒长度的全基因组关联数据，采用逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted, IVW)、 MR-Egger 回归、加权中位数法、加权模型、MRlap以及MR-PRESSO 进行敏感性分析，使用F统计量、Q 统计量以及MR-Egger截距项检验等方法评估遗传工具的有效性。

结果

IVW方法显示尿酸盐与端粒长度呈现负相关关系(βIVW: -0.050 ; 95%CI: -0.070～-0.031 ; PIVW=4.93×10-7)，其余三种敏感性分析也支持这一结果，并且使用MR-PRESSO去除异常SNP位点后，结果仍具有稳健性(P=2.28×10-7)。其他五种饮食衍生的抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间没有观察到具有统计学意义的因果效应。

结论

血清中尿酸盐的水平与端粒长度存在因果关系。

抗氧化剂  /  端粒长度  /  孟德尔随机化  /  因果关联
Objective

To explore the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods

The research utilized genome-wide association data concerning vitamin C,vitamin E, vitamin D, carotenoids, retinol, urate, and telomere length. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, weighted model, MR-lap, and MR-PRESSO. The effectiveness of genetic instruments was assessed using F-statistics, Q-statistics, and the MR-Egger intercept test.

Results

The IVW method indicated a negative correlation between urate levels and telomere length (βIVW: -0.050; 95%CI: -0.070 to -0.031; PIVW=4.93×10-7), a finding supported by the other three sensitivity analyses. Additionally, after removing outlier SNPs using MR-PRESSO, the results remained robust (P=2.28×10-7). No statistically significant causal effects were observed for the other five dietary-derived antioxidants concerning telomere length.

Conclusion

There exists a causal relationship between serum urate levels and telomere length.

Antioxidants  /  Telomere length  /  Mendelian randomization  /  Causal association
曾雅贤, 字璟, 胡一凡, 马国琛, 李昊奇, 熊静远, 成果. 六种膳食衍生抗氧化剂与端粒长度因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 843 -847 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410443
Ya-xian ZENG, Jing ZI, Yi-fan HU, Guo-chen MA, Hao-qi LI, Jing-yuan XIONG, Cheng CHENG. Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 843 -847 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410443
正文
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端粒是真核染色体末端的一段重复DNA序列（5′-TTAGGG-3′)，它可防止线性染色体末端的基因组DNA丢失，在维持染色体的完整性上起着至关重要的作用[1]。端粒是细胞衰老以及年龄相关疾病的潜在生物标志物，随着细胞的分裂和生长，端粒会逐渐磨损和缩短。有研究表明，端粒损耗是可以改变的，因为端粒缩短的速率存在很大差异，其缩短速率因人而异[2]。
根据既往流行病学研究，端粒长度不仅受遗传因素的影响，还受环境和饮食因素的影响，例如肥胖、吸烟、含糖饮料[3]。有研究显示，摄入富含抗氧化和抗炎特性的食物与较长的端粒长度相关。维生素C、维生素E和类胡萝卜素等饮食衍生的抗氧化剂可以减少端粒的磨损，具备抗衰老的效果[4-6]。这些抗氧化剂通过抑制活性氧化物的生成和清除自由基，减轻氧化应激对端粒的损害。氧化应激是一种细胞内产生的不稳定分子的过程，它可以导致DNA损伤和细胞老化[7]。通过减少氧化应激的程度，抗氧化剂有助于保护端粒的完整性和稳定性，从而延缓衰老过程。
目前关于饮食来源抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间关系的研究较少且不完整，同时这些研究局限于单一的抗氧化剂与端粒长度的关系，并未有研究系统地评价饮食来源的抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的因果关系。并且观察性研究在探索暴露与结局之间的关联时可能受到多种因素的影响，包括残余混杂因素和反向因果关系的限制，这可能导致研究结果出现偏差。
孟德尔随机化（Mendelian randomization, MR）是通过暴露相关的遗传变异来推断终生危险因素与疾病的因果关系[8]。同时，MR分析可以通过最大限度地减少测量误差、混杂和反向因果关系，从而可靠地估计饮食衍生的抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的因果关系[9]。因此本研究旨在利用两样本MR来系统地评估六种饮食衍生抗氧化剂对端粒长度的影响，以确定膳食衍生抗氧化剂与衰老之间的潜在关联。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　数据来源
我们将以下六种饮食衍生的抗氧化剂作为工具变量，这些循环抗氧化剂在横断面研究中与端粒长度相关。六种循环抗氧化剂的遗传数据均来自2018年的英国生物银行(UK Biobank)的汇总级数据，英国生物样本库是一个前瞻性队列，在2006—2010年招募了逾50万名40～69岁的英国普通人群参与者。其中维生素C(mg/d)和维生素E(mg/d)的样本量都为51 453，维生素D(nmol/L)的样本量为441 291，胡萝卜素(μg/d)的样本量为64 979，视黄醇(μg/d)的样本量为62 991，尿酸盐(μmol/L)的样本量为343 836，这些循环抗氧化剂的估计摄入量，都是基于昨天食物和饮料的消耗量[10]。
端粒长度(ieu-b-4879)的汇总级数据来自2021年的一项全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study, GWAS)，该数据从（https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/）网站下载得到，涵盖了高达472 174个样本，端粒长度是通过多重PCR（Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, mPCR）方法测量得到，所有样本均来自欧洲人群。
本研究所用的GWAS数据都在相关机构审查委员会的伦理批准下获得，并且获得了参与者的知情同意。此外，这些数据还经过了严格的质量控制，以确保其可靠性和精确性。见表1。
1.2　工具变量选取与评价
筛选工具变量时我们将基因组显著性阈值设定为5×10-8（尿酸盐、端粒长度、维生素D），对于样本量较小的数据，我们将阈值放宽到P<5×10-6（维生素C、维生素E、胡萝卜素、视黄醇）。设置连锁不平衡系数r2<0.001，区域宽度为10 000 kb，以此保证每个SNP之间的独立性。我们通过公式来计算单个遗传工具所解释暴露因素的变异，计算公式为R2=2×MAF×(1-MAF)×beta2，其中MAF表示最小等位基因频率，beta表示单个SNP效应值，然后使用加性模型来计算遗传工具所解释的变异。本研究采用F统计量来评估弱工具偏倚，如果F统计量大于10，可以认为不存在弱工具偏倚，公式为，R2代表单个遗传工具所解释的暴露程度，N为GWAS数据的样本量，k为模型中工具变量的个数[11]。
1.3　MR分析
MR分析需满足三个核心假设，首先需满足关联性假设，即遗传变异必须与暴露因素强相关，其次需满足排他性假设，遗传变异不能与结果直接相关，最后需满足独立性假设，遗传变异不能与任何混杂因素有关。
采用逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted-IVW)、加权中位数法(weighted median)、 MR-Egger回归、加权模型(weighted model)四种方法进行敏感性分析，当逆方差加权（IVW）估计值与至少一种敏感性分析方法在方向和统计显著性上保持一致，并且不存在多效性时（P>0.05），结果可以认为在统计学上具有显著性[12]。同时为了得到更加稳健的结果，本研究还采用MR-PRESSO来评估去除异常SNP位点之后的效应。考虑到暴露和结局存在样本重叠，我们又使用了MRlap包进行分析，它通过考虑样本重叠及其对偏差修饰的影响来进行校正。IVW方法是利用Wald radio法来计算单个遗传变异的效应值，最后再通过对多个遗传变异进行加权求和得到暴露对结局的影响。加权中位数法要求大部分工具变量是有效的，以确保一致的效应值。MR-Egger通过结局方差的倒数作为权重进行拟合，它与IVW最大的区别是回归时考虑截距项。加权模型是将SNP分为多个子集，使用最多SNP个数的子集来评估因果效应。MR-PRESSO可以识别和剔除潜在的异常值，重新评估暴露与结局的关联。使用MRlap 计算检验统计量，可以观察校正后的效应估计值是否与IVW观察到的效应是否具有显著不同。如果没有差异，则可以使用IVW估计值作为结果。但是，当两者结果存在显著差异时，应首选MRlap法，因为它考虑了样本重叠的影响，偏差较小[13]。
若暴露与结局的因果效应具有统计学显著性时，我们将暴露变量和结局变量进行交换，进一步探讨端粒长度与饮食来源的循环抗氧化剂是否存在潜在的因果关系。
1.4　异质性检验
本研究采用Cochran Q检验和来进行异质性分析，表示遗传工具内变异在总变异中的占比，>25%、50%、75%分别代表不同的低、中、高异质性，如果=0（当为负数时，设为0）则表明该研究不存在异质性[14]。若Cochran Q检验中P值小于0.05则提示该结果存在异质性，应以随机IVW模型结果为主。MR-Egger回归的截距项可用于评估MR分析研究中可能存在的水平多效性，若截距项的P<0.05则提示存在水平多效性。
所有MR 分析均使用R(版本4.2.2)软件包"TwoSampleMR"和"MRPRESSO"进行,当双侧P值低于0.05时，判定为统计上的显著性。
2　结果
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2.1　工具变量
从原始数据中，根据r2<0.001和区域宽度为10 000 kb的条件，选择了分别用于维生素C、维生素E、维生素D、胡萝卜素、视黄醇和尿酸盐的工具变量SNPs，数量分别为12、14、146、13、18和249个。单个SNP 的F统计量在22.414～112.45之间，它们都大于10，提示不存在弱工具变量偏倚。这些工具变量可以解释的变异分别为：维生素C为0.5%、维生素E为0.7%、维生素D为3.4 %、胡萝卜素为0.6%、视黄醇为0.8%和尿酸盐为8.1%。六种循环抗氧化剂的MR-Egger回归截距项的P值都大于0.05，说明暴露和结局之间不存在水平多效性，两样本MR为可靠的因果推断方法。见表2。
2.2　MR分析
MR分析结果显示尿酸盐与端粒长度呈现负相关关系(βIVW: -0.050; 95%CI: -0.070～-0.031;PIVW=4.93×10-7; PMRlap=1.180×10-11), MR-Egger、加权模型以及加权中位数三种方法得到的结果与IVW分析得到的结果一致。MR-PRESSO分析识别出6个异常SNPs (rs12602520, rs2788144, rs2942484, rs4140872,rs573375700, rs6227935)，去除后结果并未发生明显变化(P=2.28×10-7)。而维生素C(βIVW: 0.032; 95% CI:-0.013～0.077; PIVW=0.160; PMRlap=0.264)、维生素E(βIVW: 0.001; 95%CI: -0.043～0.045; PIVW=0.963; PMRlap=0.879)、维生素D(βIVW: 0.001; 95%CI: -0.025～0.027;PIVW=0.936; PMRlap=0.637)、胡萝卜素(βIVW: 0.031;95%CI: -0.020～0.081; PIVW=0.235; PMRlap=0.961)、视黄醇(βIVW: 0.005; 95%CI: -0.032～0.042; PIVW=0.795;PMRlap=0.857)与端粒长度不具有因果关系，并且MR-PRESSO并未检测出异常的SNP位点。为进一步探讨尿酸盐与端粒长度是否存在双向因果关系，我们将端粒长度作为暴露，尿酸盐作为结局进行MR分析，结果具有显著的统计学意义(βIVW: -0.061; 95%CI:-0.209～0.087; PIVW=0.418; PMRlap=6.57×10-4)。见图1。
2.3　异质性检验
Cochran Q检验结果显示Q维生素C=15.015、Q维生素E=20.229、Q维生素D=352.406、Q胡萝卜素=16.251、Q视黄醇=8.502、Q尿酸盐=497.394，其中维生素C、视黄醇、胡萝卜素和维生素E的P值均大于0.05，说明工具变量间不存在异质性。而维生素D和尿酸盐的P值小于0.05，这提示SNPs间存在异质性，所以我们将随机IVW模型值作为主要结果。其中视黄醇I2=0，这表明该遗传工具不存在异质性，其他五种循环抗氧化剂的范围为26.740～59.991之间，这些工具内部存在中度异质性。见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究通过使用两样本MR分析探讨了六种饮食衍生的抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的关系，其中尿酸盐与端粒长度呈负相关，而其余五种饮食衍生的抗氧化剂并未发现与端粒长度具有因果关联。
尿酸是一种重要的强抗氧化剂，尿酸盐则是尿酸和一种碱金属（如钠、钾）或铵离子结合形成的盐类化合物，在血浆中起着主要抗氧化作用。血清中尿酸盐水平随着年龄的增长而逐渐上升，这提示血清中尿酸盐的水平与衰老之间存在潜在的关联[15]。端粒是染色体末端的特殊结构，它可以维持染色体结构的完整性，是衰老过程的重要标志物。有研究表明，氧化应激会导致端粒酶活性显著降低，从而导致端粒长度缩短率增加[16]。在尿酸的代谢过程中，黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性增加会促使尿酸盐的生成[17]。然而，这个代谢过程也会导致活性氧（ROS）的产生。ROS作为一种重要的信号分子，在细胞内调控多种信号通路的激活，同时也可能引发氧化应激和炎症反应，这样的反应进一步可能导致细胞端粒长度的缩短[18]。尽管尿酸盐和端粒长度存在一定因果关联，但具体的机制和效应仍然需要更深入的研究来阐明。
在我们的研究中，维生素C、维生素E、维生素D、胡萝卜素、视黄醇与端粒长度之间并没有显著的关联，这表明长期暴露于高水平的抗氧化剂不能减缓端粒长度的缩短。多项观察性研究调查了与饮食相关的抗氧化剂（维生素C、维生素D）与端粒长度之间呈现正相关关系[19-20]。Min KB等人[21]研究发现大量摄入富含类胡萝卜素的食物可能在保护端粒和调节端粒长度方面发挥正向作用。我们研究结果与上述研究不一致，可能是因为这五种循环抗氧化剂与端粒长度存在非线性关系，还有可能是我们选择的遗传工具的解释力较小，从而导致研究效能不足。因此，对于这五种饮食来源的抗氧化剂与端粒长度的关系还需进一步探讨[22]。
本研究具有以下优点，一方面，MR分析反映的是终生暴露于饮食衍生抗氧化剂对端粒长度的影响，排除了短期补充抗氧化剂对长期效应的影响。另一方面，我们不仅使用IVW方法检测暴露与结果之间的因果关系，还使用MR-Egger和加权中位数以及加权模型一系列敏感性分析进一步验证。同时，本研究还采用MR-PRESSO来识别潜在异常的SNP位点，以保证结果的稳健性。
但是我们研究仍然存在一些局限性，首先，所有GWAS汇总数据皆来自欧洲人群，缺乏其他种族的汇总数据，因此结局的外推受到一定的限制。其次，我们使用的数据是基于已发表的汇总数据而非个体数据，不能根据所需要的协变量进行分层，因此不能探讨某些亚组中的抗氧化剂是否对于端粒长度具有一定的关系，同时也不能探讨抗氧化剂与端粒长度之间的非线性关系。最后，我们只观察到尿酸盐与端粒长度呈负相关关系，但是我们不能完全排除其他五种抗氧化剂的作用量太小而无法识别的可能性。
本研究利用两样本MR分析探讨了六种膳食来源抗氧化剂对端粒长度的因果关联。研究发现尿酸盐与端粒长度呈现负相关关系，而维生素C、视黄醇、维生素E、胡萝卜素、维生素D与端粒长度未显示出因果关系。这项研究结果表明尿酸盐与衰老之间可能存在一定的关联，但具体的机制需要进一步探讨。对于健康成年人，补充使用饮食衍生的抗氧化剂可能对预防端粒长度缩短的益处有限。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项子课题(2020YFC2006301)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173512)
  • 四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2021YJ0156)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410443
  • 接收时间：2024-10-24
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-24
基金
国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项子课题(2020YFC2006301)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173512)
四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2021YJ0156)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西第二医院妇儿营养中心，四川 成都 610041
    3.四川大学华西护理学院，四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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