Article(id=1241067201164276605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731081600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823078670, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823078670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823078670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823078670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=887, endPage=892, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067203441783696, articleId=1241067201164276605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao: mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effect of chronic disease status, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of chronic disease status in this relationship.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 7 000 permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years from 10 districts (cities) in Qingdao. Questionnaires were conducted using measurement tools such as the Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the PROCESS plugin Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating and moderating effects.

Results

A total of 6 385 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 91.21%. The health literacy score of the respondents was (44.912 ±14.461) points, the self-efficacy score was (12.908 ± 2.005) points, the health-related quality of life utility value was (0.972 ± 0.078) points, and the number of people with chronic diseases was 1 160, accounting for 18.17% of the total. Health literacy could not only directly and positively predict the health-related quality of life of residents (β=0.074, P < 0.001), but also affect it through the mediating effect of self-efficacy, with the mediating effect being 32.43%. Both the direct effect of health literacy on the health-related quality social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.of life of residents and the mediating effect of self-efficacy were moderated by chronic disease status. Compared with those without chronic diseases, the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was significantly enhanced among single-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.228, P < 0.001), and the enhancement effect of health literacy and self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was more significant among multiple-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.167, P=0.003; Bsimple=0.253, P <0.001).

Conclusion

Health literacy affects the health-related quality of life of residents through self-efficacy, and chronic disease status moderates the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.

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目的

本研究旨在探讨青岛市居民健康素养和健康相关生命质量的关系,验证自我效能在两者关系中的中介作用和慢性病患病情况的调节作用。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取青岛市10个区(市)15~69岁常住居民7 000人,使用健康素养监测调查问卷、欧洲五维度健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)等测量工具进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析,利用PROCESS插件bootstrap法对中介和调节效应进行检验。

结果

共回收有效问卷6 385份,问卷有效率为91.21%。调查对象健康素养得分(44.912±14.461)分,自我效能得分(12.908±2.005)分,生命质量效用值为(0.972±0.078)分,患慢性病人数为1 160人,占总人数的18.17%。健康素养不仅能够直接正向预测居民的健康相关生命质量(β=0.074,P<0.001),还能通过自我效能的中介作用对居民健康相关生命质量产生影响,中介效应为32.43%。健康素养对居民健康相关生命质量的直接作用以及自我效能的中介作用均受到慢性病患病情况的调节。与不患慢病的人群相比,单一慢病患者的自我效能对健康相关生命质量的影响显著增强(Bsimple=0.228,P<0.001),多重慢病患者的健康素养和自我效能对健康相关生命质量影响的增强效果更为显著(Bsimple=0.167,P=0.003;Bsimple=0.253,P<0.001)。

结论

健康素养通过自我效能影响居民的健康相关生命质量,慢性病患病情况调节了健康素养与自我效能、健康相关生命质量之间的关系。

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通信作者:綦斐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DPgnbJSES368v7kX4vx7hw==, magXml=a826AaUM/rYHMydIc+P77A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=poVrBIts3+HNtxmaOOrxWg==, pdfFileSize=648718, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aclvwkv2aJ2C8IjaU4nCGA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9fP0Hw/9oTvoUdem7qe6wg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王瑞(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

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Items and scoring methods of the self-efficacy scale

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问题评分方法
H1.如果我尽力去做的话,我总是能够解决问题1=很不同意,2=不太同意,
H2.我能够坚持理想并达成目标3=一般,4=比较同意,
H3.一般情况下,我的事情能够自己做主5=非常同意
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221431153241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

自我效能量表的条目及评分方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
问题评分方法
H1.如果我尽力去做的话,我总是能够解决问题1=很不同意,2=不太同意,
H2.我能够坚持理想并达成目标3=一般,4=比较同意,
H3.一般情况下,我的事情能够自己做主5=非常同意
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221573759585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis among health literacy, self-efficacy, HRQoL, and chronic diseases (n=6 385)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 1234
1.健康素养得分44.912±14.4611
2.自我效能得分12.908±2.0050.169**1
3.健康相关生命质量效用值0.972±0.0780.113**0.199**1
4.慢性病患病情况-0.105**-0.136**-0.252**1
5.性别0.034**0.056**0.044**-0.011
6.年龄49.14±13.18-0.215**-0.140**-0.194**0.348**
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221695394408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康素养、自我效能、健康相关生命质量、慢性病患病之间的描述统计和相关分析(n=6 385)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 1234
1.健康素养得分44.912±14.4611
2.自我效能得分12.908±2.0050.169**1
3.健康相关生命质量效用值0.972±0.0780.113**0.199**1
4.慢性病患病情况-0.105**-0.136**-0.252**1
5.性别0.034**0.056**0.044**-0.011
6.年龄49.14±13.18-0.215**-0.140**-0.194**0.348**
), ArticleFig(id=1241067221833806448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediating effects of self-efficacy on health literacy and HRQoL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型路径效应值 95%BootCI效应占比(%)
下限上限
健康素养→健康相关生命质量(总效应)0.0740.0130.0490.098
健康素养→健康相关生命质量(直接效应)0.0500.0120.0250.07467.57
健康素养→自我效能→健康相关生命质量(中介效应)0.0240.0030.0180.03032.43
健康素养→自我效能0.1430.0130.1190.168
自我效能→健康相关生命质量0.1660.0120.1420.190
), ArticleFig(id=1241067222005772920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自我效能在健康素养和健康相关生命质量间的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型路径效应值 95%BootCI效应占比(%)
下限上限
健康素养→健康相关生命质量(总效应)0.0740.0130.0490.098
健康素养→健康相关生命质量(直接效应)0.0500.0120.0250.07467.57
健康素养→自我效能→健康相关生命质量(中介效应)0.0240.0030.0180.03032.43
健康素养→自我效能0.1430.0130.1190.168
自我效能→健康相关生命质量0.1660.0120.1420.190
), ArticleFig(id=1241067222169350780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediating effect of chronic disease on health literacy and HRQoL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量β(95%CI tP
健康相关生命质量性别0.062(0.015~0.108)0.0242.5990.009
年龄-0.008(-0.010~-0.006)0.001-7.787<0.001
自我效能(M)0.126(0.099~0.153)0.0149.249<0.001
健康素养(X)0.035(0.008~0.062)0.0142.5320.011
患慢病情况-不患慢病(参照组)
患慢病情况-单一慢病(W1)-0.320(-0.393~-0.248)0.037-8.652<0.001
患慢病情况-多重慢病(W2)-0.713(-0.841~-0.585)0.065-10.926<0.001
X×W10.027(-0.040~0.093)0.0340.7940.427
X×W20.132(0.019~0.245)0.0582.2810.023
M×W10.101(0.035~0.168)0.0342.9760.003
M×W20.127(0.023~0.231)0.0532.4020.016
), ArticleFig(id=1241067222278402690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

慢性病患病情况在健康素养和健康相关生命质量间的调节作用检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量β(95%CI tP
健康相关生命质量性别0.062(0.015~0.108)0.0242.5990.009
年龄-0.008(-0.010~-0.006)0.001-7.787<0.001
自我效能(M)0.126(0.099~0.153)0.0149.249<0.001
健康素养(X)0.035(0.008~0.062)0.0142.5320.011
患慢病情况-不患慢病(参照组)
患慢病情况-单一慢病(W1)-0.320(-0.393~-0.248)0.037-8.652<0.001
患慢病情况-多重慢病(W2)-0.713(-0.841~-0.585)0.065-10.926<0.001
X×W10.027(-0.040~0.093)0.0340.7940.427
X×W20.132(0.019~0.245)0.0582.2810.023
M×W10.101(0.035~0.168)0.0342.9760.003
M×W20.127(0.023~0.231)0.0532.4020.016
), ArticleFig(id=1241067222387454603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of health literacy and self-efficacy on HRQoL in different types of chronic diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量慢性病患病情况效应值(95%CI tP
健康相关生命质量健康素养不患慢病0.035(0.008~0.061)0.0142.5320.011
患单一慢病0.062(0.001~0.122)0.0311.9820.048
患多重慢病0.167(0.056~0.277)0.0562.9610.003
自我效能不患慢病0.126(0.099~0.153)0.0149.249<0.001
患单一慢病0.228(0.166~0.289)0.0317.292<0.001
患多重慢病0.253(0.153~0.354)0.0514.950<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067222483923600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067201164276605, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同慢性病患病情况中健康素养和自我效能对健康相关生命质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量慢性病患病情况效应值(95%CI tP
健康相关生命质量健康素养不患慢病0.035(0.008~0.061)0.0142.5320.011
患单一慢病0.062(0.001~0.122)0.0311.9820.048
患多重慢病0.167(0.056~0.277)0.0562.9610.003
自我效能不患慢病0.126(0.099~0.153)0.0149.249<0.001
患单一慢病0.228(0.166~0.289)0.0317.292<0.001
患多重慢病0.253(0.153~0.354)0.0514.950<0.001
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青岛市居民健康素养和健康相关生命质量的关系——自我效能的中介作用和慢性病患病情况的调节作用
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王瑞 1, 2 , 黄奕清 1, 2 , 耿梅云 1, 2 , 李艳 3 , 徐钰 4 , 王如欣 5 , 贾晓蓉 1, 2 , 綦斐 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(5): 887-892
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(5): 887-892
青岛市居民健康素养和健康相关生命质量的关系——自我效能的中介作用和慢性病患病情况的调节作用
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王瑞1, 2, 黄奕清1, 2, 耿梅云1, 2, 李艳3, 徐钰4, 王如欣5, 贾晓蓉1, 2, 綦斐1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进所,山东 青岛 266033
  • 2.青岛市预防医学会,山东 青岛 266033
  • 3.青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.青岛市胶州市疾病预防控制中心
  • 5.青岛市市南区疾病预防控制中心
  • 王瑞(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

通讯作者:

通信作者:綦斐,E-mail:
Relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao: mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effect of chronic disease status
Rui WANG1, 2, Yi-qing HUANG1, 2, Mei-yun GENG1, 2, Yan LI3, Yu XU4, Ru-xin WANG5, Xiao-rong JIA1, 2, Fei QI1, 2
Affiliations
  • Institute of Health Education and Promotion, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong 266033,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411096
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目的

本研究旨在探讨青岛市居民健康素养和健康相关生命质量的关系,验证自我效能在两者关系中的中介作用和慢性病患病情况的调节作用。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取青岛市10个区(市)15~69岁常住居民7 000人,使用健康素养监测调查问卷、欧洲五维度健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)等测量工具进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析,利用PROCESS插件bootstrap法对中介和调节效应进行检验。

结果

共回收有效问卷6 385份,问卷有效率为91.21%。调查对象健康素养得分(44.912±14.461)分,自我效能得分(12.908±2.005)分,生命质量效用值为(0.972±0.078)分,患慢性病人数为1 160人,占总人数的18.17%。健康素养不仅能够直接正向预测居民的健康相关生命质量(β=0.074,P<0.001),还能通过自我效能的中介作用对居民健康相关生命质量产生影响,中介效应为32.43%。健康素养对居民健康相关生命质量的直接作用以及自我效能的中介作用均受到慢性病患病情况的调节。与不患慢病的人群相比,单一慢病患者的自我效能对健康相关生命质量的影响显著增强(Bsimple=0.228,P<0.001),多重慢病患者的健康素养和自我效能对健康相关生命质量影响的增强效果更为显著(Bsimple=0.167,P=0.003;Bsimple=0.253,P<0.001)。

结论

健康素养通过自我效能影响居民的健康相关生命质量,慢性病患病情况调节了健康素养与自我效能、健康相关生命质量之间的关系。

健康素养  /  健康相关生命质量  /  自我效能  /  慢性病  /  多重慢病
Objective

To explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of chronic disease status in this relationship.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 7 000 permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years from 10 districts (cities) in Qingdao. Questionnaires were conducted using measurement tools such as the Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the PROCESS plugin Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating and moderating effects.

Results

A total of 6 385 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 91.21%. The health literacy score of the respondents was (44.912 ±14.461) points, the self-efficacy score was (12.908 ± 2.005) points, the health-related quality of life utility value was (0.972 ± 0.078) points, and the number of people with chronic diseases was 1 160, accounting for 18.17% of the total. Health literacy could not only directly and positively predict the health-related quality of life of residents (β=0.074, P < 0.001), but also affect it through the mediating effect of self-efficacy, with the mediating effect being 32.43%. Both the direct effect of health literacy on the health-related quality social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.of life of residents and the mediating effect of self-efficacy were moderated by chronic disease status. Compared with those without chronic diseases, the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was significantly enhanced among single-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.228, P < 0.001), and the enhancement effect of health literacy and self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was more significant among multiple-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.167, P=0.003; Bsimple=0.253, P <0.001).

Conclusion

Health literacy affects the health-related quality of life of residents through self-efficacy, and chronic disease status moderates the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.

Health literacy  /  Health-related quality of life  /  Self-efficacy  /  Chronic disease  /  Multiple chronic diseases
王瑞, 黄奕清, 耿梅云, 李艳, 徐钰, 王如欣, 贾晓蓉, 綦斐. 青岛市居民健康素养和健康相关生命质量的关系——自我效能的中介作用和慢性病患病情况的调节作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 887 -892 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411096
Rui WANG, Yi-qing HUANG, Mei-yun GENG, Yan LI, Yu XU, Ru-xin WANG, Xiao-rong JIA, Fei QI. Relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao: mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effect of chronic disease status[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 887 -892 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411096
健康相关生命质量是指个体在生命过程中,基于自身的健康状态、功能状况和生活背景等因素,对生活满意度和生命价值的主观评价,它是一个多维度的概念,从躯体健康、精神状态、独立水平、社会关系及环境特征五个维度来综合反映个体的整体健康水平[1]。健康素养是健康的重要决定因素,不仅涉及个体获取和理解健康信息和服务的能力,还包括评估和应用这些信息和服务,以做出有利于提高和维护自身健康决策的能力[2]。研究表明,较高的健康素养水平能够显著改善个体的健康相关生命质量,帮助其更好地应对健康挑战[3]。然而,健康素养对健康相关生命质量的作用并非直接的,而是受到多种因素的影响。其中,自我效能作为一个关键的中介因素,在个体的认知与行为之间发挥重要作用[4]。目前,慢性病发病率不断上升,且由于慢性病发病因素复杂、久病不愈,患者往往陷入多种慢病共患的状态。研究显示,健康素养能够通过增强慢性病患者的自我效能,对个体的用药依从性和疾病自我管理产生积极影响,从而改善患者的健康状况[5]。但鲜有探讨慢性病患病情况在健康素养、自我效能与健康相关生命质量关系中的作用机制。
因此,本研究分析了青岛市居民的健康素养、自我效能与健康相关生命质量之间的关系,探讨自我效能在健康素养与健康相关生命质量之间的中介作用,以及慢性病患病情况的调节作用,为制定针对性的干预措施以提升居民的健康提供科学依据,见图1
研究对象为青岛市10个区(市)内15~69岁的非集体居住常住人口,不包括居住在军事基地、医院、监狱、养老院、宿舍等集体住宿场所的居民。采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在青岛市按城乡抽取70个居/村委会作为监测点,每个监测点抽取100个家庭户,使用KISH表法在每个家庭户中随机抽取1名符合条件的对象进行面对面问卷调查。以青岛市健康素养水平15.92%[6]为依据,相对误差为2%,设计效应deff=1.7,α=0.05,同时考虑无效问卷和拒访率不超20%,计算最小样本量为5 462人,实际调查了7 000人。本研究由青岛市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审核批准(QDSKL2101382),所有符合条件的参与者在开始调查前都给予了书面知情同意书。
一般信息问卷 收集居民性别、年龄等社会人口学信息,以及自我报告慢性病患病种类、年限和数量等慢性病患病信息。本研究中将慢性病患病情况分为三类,分别为“不患慢病”“患单一慢病”“患多重慢病”。其中“患多重慢病”采用了世界卫生组织的定义,即某一个体发生了两种及以上的慢性病累积[7]
健康素养采用 《中国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》评估居民健康素养,问卷共56道题目,其中判断题、单选题回答正确计1分,多选题计2分,错选、漏选计0分,总分为73分,分数越高,说明健康素养越高。该问卷具备良好的内部一致性,总体Cronbach α为0.912[8]
自我效能 本研究基于Jerusalem和Schwarzer[9]于1979年提出的《一般自我效能量表》,编制了适用于自我效能测量的三个核心问题,采用Likert五级评分法,总分介于3~15之间,分数越高表明自我效能感越强。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α值为0.863,见表1
健康相关生命质量 采用中文版欧洲五维度健康量表-三水平(EQ-5D-3L)来评估健康相关生命质量,该量表由健康描述系统和视觉模拟量表两部分构成。本研究使用健康描述系统部分的指数得分进行测量,该部分涵盖行动能力、自我照顾、日常活动、疼痛/不适和焦虑/抑郁五个维度,每个维度划分为三个水平:没有困难、有些困难、极度困难。测量结果通过中国版健康效用值积分体系转换为最终的健康相关生命质量效用值,得分范围为-0.149~1,分数越接近1说明健康状况越好[10]。本研究该量表的Cronbach α值为0.778。
制定青岛市居民健康素养调查方案和指导手册,严格遵循方案要求完成逐级抽样,并对所有调查人员进行统一培训,保证培训合格率达到90%以上。使用统一的调查问卷专用APP 开展面对面入户调查,调查结束后调查员要当场核对调查问卷。质控人员复核问卷时随机抽取10个监测点中的5份问卷,若该监测点有两份以上问卷不合格,则该监测点须重新调查。对数据进行清洗,剔除不合格的问卷,确保问卷有效率达到90%以上。
本研究使用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据清理和统计分析。计量资料使用()对数据进行描述,计数资料采用[n(%)]进行描述,通过Pearson相关系数分析变量间的相关性。使用PROCESS插件bootstrap法检验中介和调节效应,设置重复抽样5 000次,置信区间为95%。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共回收有效问卷6 385份,问卷有效率为91.21%。研究对象中城市居民3 139人(49.16%),农村居民3 246人(50.84%);男性3 261人(51.07%),女性3 124人(48.93%);年龄为(49.14±13.18)岁。调查对象健康素养得分(44.912±14.461)分,自我效能得分(12.908±2.005)分,健康相关生命质量效用值为(0.972±0.078)分;患慢性病人数为1 160人,占总人数的18.17%,其中患单一慢病有880人(13.78%),患多重慢病280人(4.39%)。见表2
采用Harman单因子检验法进行共同方法偏差检验。纳入健康素养、自我效能和健康相关生命质量的所有条目。结果显示,有18个因子特征值大于1。第一个因子所解释的变异量为8.17%(<40%的临界值),表明不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
结果显示,健康素养与自我效能和健康相关生命质量均呈正相关,与慢性病患病情况呈负相关;自我效能与健康相关生命质量呈正相关,与慢性病患病情况呈负相关;慢性病患病情况与健康相关生命质量呈负相关。见表2
采用Hayes编制的process宏中的model 4,在控制性别、年龄因素下检验自我效能在健康素养与健康相关生命质量间的中介效应。结果显示,健康素养对居民健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用显著(β=0.074,P<0.001),加入中介变量自我效能后,健康素养对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用依然显著(β=0.050,P<0.001),且健康素养对自我效能的正向预测作用显著(β=0.143,P<0.001)。同时,自我效能在健康素养与健康相关生命质量中的中介效应显著,中介效应值为0.024,95%CI为0.018~0.030,中介效应占总效应的32.43%。见表3
采用Hayes编制的process 宏中的model15,在控制性别、年龄因素下检验慢性病患病情况的调节效应。结果显示,在中介模型的基础上,引入慢性病患病情况后,健康素养和患多重慢病的交互项对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用显著(β=0.132,P=0.023),自我效能与患单一慢病的交互项和患多重慢病的交互项对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用均显著(β=0.101,P=0.003;β=0.127,P=0.016),加之自我效能的β值为0.126 且P<0.001,说明自我效能的中介作用显著。见表4图1
进一步简单斜率分析表明,当居民患多重慢病时,健康素养对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用较强(Bsimple=0.167,P=0.003);当居民不患慢性病时,健康素养对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用较弱(Bsimple=0.035,P<0.011)。当居民患多重慢病时,自我效能对健康相关生命质量的正向预测作用较强(Bsimple=0.253,P<0.001),当居民患单一慢病时,自我效能对健康相关生命质量的预测作用减弱(Bsimple=0.228,P<0.001),当居民不患慢病时,自我效能对健康相关生命质量的预测作用最弱(Bsimple=0.126,P<0.001),见表4。不同慢性病患病情况中健康素养和自我效能对健康相关生命质量的影响,见表5图2
研究结果显示,健康素养与健康相关生命质量之间存在显著的正相关关系,这一结果与以往国内外研究一致[11-12]。一项研究健康素养与生活质量之间关系的meta分析结果表明,健康素养与健康相关生命质量呈中等相关性,健康相关生命质量与健康知识、健康行为、健康信念、健康技能的相关系数具有统计学意义[13]。研究还发现,自我效能在健康素养与健康相关生命质量之间起到了显著的中介作用。杜少英等[14]通过路径分析验证了自我效能介导了冠心病患者健康素养和生活质量之间的关系,Kim等[15]对250名2型糖尿病的韩裔美国人的研究发现,自我效能和自我护理技能是健康素养与血糖控制和生活质量之间的重要中介,这些发现与本研究的结果一致。根据保护动机理论,具有高自我效能感的个体更有动机采取促进健康的行为,从而提高健康水平[16]。提升健康素养能促使个体主动获取健康知识,更好的理解健康信息、利用社会资源和医疗服务,掌握必要的健康技能,而通过提升自我效能感,个体能够更有效地将健康知识转化为实际行动,增强应对健康问题的信心,缓解疾病或身体不适带来的负面情绪,并最终促进长期健康目标的实现。
此外,本研究还进一步揭示了慢性病患病情况在健康素养与健康相关生命质量之间的关系中起到的调节作用。与不患慢病的人群相比,慢性病患者的健康素养和自我效能对健康相关生命质量的影响均显著增强,且多重慢病患者的增强效果更为明显。这种调节效应可能与慢性病患者面临的复杂健康管理需求有关,特别是多重慢病患者需要同时应对多重健康问题,这使得他们对健康信息和服务的理解和应用能力变得至关重要[17]。慢性病患者具备较高自我效能感往往更有可能采取积极的健康行为、更好的应对疾病带来的压力与挑战,从而更显著的改善他们的生活质量。有研究表明慢性病的类型和管理复杂性对慢性病患者的自我效能感与其健康相关生命质量的关系有显著的调节作用[18],这表明,提高慢性病患者的健康素养和自我效能可能是改善其健康相关生命质量的关键。
本研究结果不仅丰富了健康素养与健康相关生命质量关系的理论框架,也为慢性病患者的健康管理提供了重要的实践指导。随着人口老龄化和慢性病发病率的上升,提升健康素养和自我效能的综合干预措施可以更好的改善居民的健康状况,降低慢性病的疾病负担,在更广泛的层面上促进健康公平,显著降低社会成本。慢性病患者,特别是多重慢病患者是健康素养提升的重点人群,在制定健康教育干预计划时,需特别关注这类人群的健康需求,以帮助他们更好地应对复杂的健康挑战。
本研究也存在一定的局限性,一是,本研究采用横断面设计,其因果关系论证强度较低;二是,患慢病情况为患者自我报告,可能存在信息偏倚。未来可采用纵向研究设计,更深入地探讨健康素养与健康相关生命质量之间的因果关系。也可以对不同类型的慢性病进行细分,更全面的了解慢性病患病状况对健康素养和健康相关生命质量之间关系的影响,为公共卫生实践提供更有力的证据支持。
  • 青岛市医疗卫生重点学科(2020B047)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411096
  • 接收时间:2024-11-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-09
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青岛市医疗卫生重点学科(2020B047)
作者信息
    1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进所,山东 青岛 266033
    2.青岛市预防医学会,山东 青岛 266033
    3.青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心
    4.青岛市胶州市疾病预防控制中心
    5.青岛市市南区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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