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Article(id=1241067199926956923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773823078375, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773823078375, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773823078375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823078375, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241067197318091153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773823077754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823268053, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067995544482682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241067197318091153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=938, endPage=941, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241067203106239368, articleId=1241067199926956923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Monitoring of mosquito ecology and analysis of virus carriage in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023, columnId=1228016571713520579, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Supervison, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the species composition, density, seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes and the virus-carrying situation in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a reference for reducing mosquito density and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

Methods

According to the “Monitoring Work Plan for Vector Control in Tianjin”, from April to November each year, the number of adult mosquitoes was monitored in 16 districts of Tianjin using the mosquito-attracting lamp method. Habitats such as residential areas, parks, hospitals, livestock sheds, and rural households were selected as monitoring sites. In addition, from June to October, adult mosquitoes or mosquito larvae were captured using methods such as the mosquito-attracting lamp method and the mosquito-and-egg trap method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology was used to detect the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus in the samples.

Results

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 12 641 mosquito-attracting lamps were deployed in Tianjin, and 54 870 female mosquitoes were captured, with an average mosquito density of 0.72 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Among them, 52 569 were Culex pipiens pollens (accounting for 95.81%),followed by 1 402 Aedes albopictus (accounting for 2.56%). From 2019 to 2023, the overall mosquito density showed a downward trend. The mosquito density was the highest in July each year, showing a single-peak distribution. Among different habitats, the mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds, reaching 1.45 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), followed by rural households at 0.96 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), and the lowest in hospitals at 0.42 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Culex pipiens pollens was the dominant mosquito species in all habitats. Neither Japanese encephalitis virus nor dengue virus was detected in Culex pipiens pollens or Aedes albopictus.

Conclusion

The dominant mosquito species in Tianjin is Culex pipiens pollens, and the key period for mosquito density control is from June to September. Priority should be given to improving the environmental conditions of livestock sheds, and targeted mosquito- vector control strategies should be implemented according to the mosquito population distribution, density changes, and seasonal fluctuation patterns.

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目的

了解天津市2019—2023年蚊种构成、密度、季节消长及蚊虫带毒情况，为降低蚊密度和控制蚊传疾病提供参考依据。

方法

依据《天津市病媒生物防制监测工作方案》，每年4—11月在天津市16个区采用诱蚊灯法进行成蚊数量监测，以居民区、公园、医院、牲畜棚、农户等生境类型作为监测点。此外，6—10月再采用诱蚊灯法、诱蚊诱卵器法等方法捕捉成蚊或蚊幼。运用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测样本中是否存在流行性乙型脑炎病毒及登革病毒。

结果

2019—2023年天津市共布放诱蚊灯12 641台次，捕获雌蚊54 870只，平均蚊密度0.72只/（台·h），其中淡色库蚊52 569只（占95.81%），其次为白纹伊蚊1 402只（占2.56%）。2019—2023年间，蚊密度总体呈下降趋势。每年以7月蚊密度最高，整体呈单峰分布。各生境类型中，以牲畜棚的蚊密度最高，为1.45只/（台·h），其次是农户0.96只/（台·h），医院最低，为0.42只/（台·h）。不同生境均以淡色库蚊为优势蚊种。淡色库蚊及白纹伊蚊中均未检出流行性乙型脑炎病毒及登革病毒。

结论

天津市优势蚊种为淡色库蚊，6—9月为蚊虫密度控制的关键期。应重点改善牲畜棚的环境条件，根据蚊虫种群分布、密度变化及季节消长规律实施有针对性的蚊媒控制策略。

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朱红，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0qu89XH1hKt5omtQMbrH5A==, magXml=YiIH3fP3AzBm8PtKn0evLA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=iK8nhH+ICIdrQcWMuYF5AA==, pdfFileSize=574509, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2n8zr9ImyJ/2Kkg3rCerDw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=b9w1q0nW0QTdGU7dy3iJdw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李世豪（1995—），男，本科，初级医师，研究方向：病媒生物防治

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Ecological monitoring and virus carrying status of mosquitoes in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China,2017-2022[J].Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(5): 622-627, 653.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Ecological monitoring and virus carrying status of mosquitoes in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China,2017-2022, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067216314102210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, awardId=TJWJ2021MS016, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市卫生健康科技项目面上项目(TJWJ2021MS016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067216423154121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, awardId=TJYXZDXK-50A, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市医学重点学科(TJYXZDXK-50A), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067216540594639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, awardId=A231006202, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市普通高等学校本科教学改革与质量建设研究计划项目(A231006202), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067216662229466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, awardId=PYGJ-B023, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市教学成果奖重点培育项目(PYGJ-B023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067216804835823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, awardId=2023jxzd03, language=CN, fundingSource=天津医科大学教育教学研究项目(2023jxzd03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067206780449777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206793032689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, companyId=1241067206780449777, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health; International Joint Research Center for Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Tianjin 300070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206801421299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, companyId=1241067206780449777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 天津市环境营养与人群健康重点实验室环境营养与人群健康国际联合研究中心，天津 300070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067206889501693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067206897890302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, companyId=1241067206889501693, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.天津市疾病预防控制中心病媒生物科，天津 300011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067211654230352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The trend of mosquito density in Tianjin from April to November, figureFileSmall=Mq5LjUcBGOXWZtSKqaY/ww==, figureFileBig=2n8zr9ImyJ/2Kkg3rCerDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067211872334176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=CN, label=图1, caption=天津市4—11月蚊密度消长趋势, figureFileSmall=Mq5LjUcBGOXWZtSKqaY/ww==, figureFileBig=2n8zr9ImyJ/2Kkg3rCerDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215676567944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Seasonal variation of mosquito species density in Tianjin from April to November, figureFileSmall=8C0FJAwmWp7BYWhr/qDs5g==, figureFileBig=eBQmKj51gtX+rMEuhMdZLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215789814165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=CN, label=图2, caption=天津市4—11月不同蚊种密度季节消长趋势, figureFileSmall=8C0FJAwmWp7BYWhr/qDs5g==, figureFileBig=eBQmKj51gtX+rMEuhMdZLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067215890477473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Density and species composition of adult mosquitoes in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）诱蚊灯数（台）捕获雌蚊数
（只）		密度[只/（台·h）]捕获雌蚊数（只）及构成比（%）
淡色库蚊白纹伊蚊中华按蚊三带喙库蚊
20192 57614 0620.9113 191（93.81）254（1.81）611（4.35）6（0.04）
20202 56311 3230.7411 086（97.91）202（1.78）27（0.24）8（0.07）
20212 51210 8450.7210 198（94.03）555（5.12）92（0.85）0（0）
20222 4788 7700.598 545（97.43）166（1.89）59（0.67）0（0）
20232 5129 8700.659 549（96.75）225（2.28）94（0.95）2（0.02）
合计12 64154 8700.7252 569（95.81）1 402（2.56）883（1.61）16（0.02）
), ArticleFig(id=1241067215999529383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天津市2019—2023年成蚊密度及蚊种构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份（年）诱蚊灯数（台）捕获雌蚊数
（只）		密度[只/（台·h）]捕获雌蚊数（只）及构成比（%）
淡色库蚊白纹伊蚊中华按蚊三带喙库蚊
20192 57614 0620.9113 191（93.81）254（1.81）611（4.35）6（0.04）
20202 56311 3230.7411 086（97.91）202（1.78）27（0.24）8（0.07）
20212 51210 8450.7210 198（94.03）555（5.12）92（0.85）0（0）
20222 4788 7700.598 545（97.43）166（1.89）59（0.67）0（0）
20232 5129 8700.659 549（96.75）225（2.28）94（0.95）2（0.02）
合计12 64154 8700.7252 569（95.81）1 402（2.56）883（1.61）16（0.02）
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216116969908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Density and species composition of adult mosquitoes in different habitats in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生境诱蚊灯数（台）捕获雌蚊数
（只）		密度只/（台·h）捕获雌蚊数（只）及构成比（%）
淡色库蚊白纹伊蚊中华按蚊三带喙库蚊
居民区4 71110 9560.3910 586（96.62）368（3.36）4（0.04）2（0.02）
公园2 66510 3940.6510 032（96.52）346（3.33）0（0）12（0.12）
医院1 1332 8270.422 752（97.35）75（2.65）0（0）0（0）
农户2 06611 9040.9611 270（94.67）336（2.82）298（2.50）0（0）
牲畜棚2 06618 7891.5217 929（95.42）277（1.47）581（3.09）2（0.01）
合计12 64154 8700.7252 569（95.81）1 402（2.56）883（1.61）16（0.03）
), ArticleFig(id=1241067216200855993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241067199926956923, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2023年天津市不同生境成蚊密度与蚊种构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生境诱蚊灯数（台）捕获雌蚊数
（只）		密度只/（台·h）捕获雌蚊数（只）及构成比（%）
淡色库蚊白纹伊蚊中华按蚊三带喙库蚊
居民区4 71110 9560.3910 586（96.62）368（3.36）4（0.04）2（0.02）
公园2 66510 3940.6510 032（96.52）346（3.33）0（0）12（0.12）
医院1 1332 8270.422 752（97.35）75（2.65）0（0）0（0）
农户2 06611 9040.9611 270（94.67）336（2.82）298（2.50）0（0）
牲畜棚2 06618 7891.5217 929（95.42）277（1.47）581（3.09）2（0.01）
合计12 64154 8700.7252 569（95.81）1 402（2.56）883（1.61）16（0.03）
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2019—2023年天津市蚊生态学监测及病毒携带情况分析
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李世豪 1, 2 , 秦娜 2 , 王伟 2 , 李培羽 2 , 朱红 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2025,52(5): 938-941
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现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2025, 52(5): 938-941
2019—2023年天津市蚊生态学监测及病毒携带情况分析
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李世豪1, 2, 秦娜2, 王伟2, 李培羽2, 朱红1
作者信息
  • 1.天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 天津市环境营养与人群健康重点实验室环境营养与人群健康国际联合研究中心，天津 300070
  • 2.天津市疾病预防控制中心病媒生物科，天津 300011

    • 李世豪（1995—），男，本科，初级医师，研究方向：病媒生物防治

通讯作者:

朱红，E-mail:
Monitoring of mosquito ecology and analysis of virus carriage in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023
Shi-hao LI1, 2, Na QIN2, Wei WANG2, Pei-yu LI2, Hong ZHU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health; International Joint Research Center for Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Tianjin 300070, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407340
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摘要
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目的

了解天津市2019—2023年蚊种构成、密度、季节消长及蚊虫带毒情况，为降低蚊密度和控制蚊传疾病提供参考依据。

方法

依据《天津市病媒生物防制监测工作方案》，每年4—11月在天津市16个区采用诱蚊灯法进行成蚊数量监测，以居民区、公园、医院、牲畜棚、农户等生境类型作为监测点。此外，6—10月再采用诱蚊灯法、诱蚊诱卵器法等方法捕捉成蚊或蚊幼。运用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测样本中是否存在流行性乙型脑炎病毒及登革病毒。

结果

2019—2023年天津市共布放诱蚊灯12 641台次，捕获雌蚊54 870只，平均蚊密度0.72只/（台·h），其中淡色库蚊52 569只（占95.81%），其次为白纹伊蚊1 402只（占2.56%）。2019—2023年间，蚊密度总体呈下降趋势。每年以7月蚊密度最高，整体呈单峰分布。各生境类型中，以牲畜棚的蚊密度最高，为1.45只/（台·h），其次是农户0.96只/（台·h），医院最低，为0.42只/（台·h）。不同生境均以淡色库蚊为优势蚊种。淡色库蚊及白纹伊蚊中均未检出流行性乙型脑炎病毒及登革病毒。

结论

天津市优势蚊种为淡色库蚊，6—9月为蚊虫密度控制的关键期。应重点改善牲畜棚的环境条件，根据蚊虫种群分布、密度变化及季节消长规律实施有针对性的蚊媒控制策略。

蚊密度  /  监测  /  病毒携带  /  天津市
Objective

To understand the species composition, density, seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes and the virus-carrying situation in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a reference for reducing mosquito density and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

Methods

According to the “Monitoring Work Plan for Vector Control in Tianjin”, from April to November each year, the number of adult mosquitoes was monitored in 16 districts of Tianjin using the mosquito-attracting lamp method. Habitats such as residential areas, parks, hospitals, livestock sheds, and rural households were selected as monitoring sites. In addition, from June to October, adult mosquitoes or mosquito larvae were captured using methods such as the mosquito-attracting lamp method and the mosquito-and-egg trap method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology was used to detect the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus in the samples.

Results

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 12 641 mosquito-attracting lamps were deployed in Tianjin, and 54 870 female mosquitoes were captured, with an average mosquito density of 0.72 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Among them, 52 569 were Culex pipiens pollens (accounting for 95.81%),followed by 1 402 Aedes albopictus (accounting for 2.56%). From 2019 to 2023, the overall mosquito density showed a downward trend. The mosquito density was the highest in July each year, showing a single-peak distribution. Among different habitats, the mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds, reaching 1.45 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), followed by rural households at 0.96 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), and the lowest in hospitals at 0.42 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Culex pipiens pollens was the dominant mosquito species in all habitats. Neither Japanese encephalitis virus nor dengue virus was detected in Culex pipiens pollens or Aedes albopictus.

Conclusion

The dominant mosquito species in Tianjin is Culex pipiens pollens, and the key period for mosquito density control is from June to September. Priority should be given to improving the environmental conditions of livestock sheds, and targeted mosquito- vector control strategies should be implemented according to the mosquito population distribution, density changes, and seasonal fluctuation patterns.

Mosquito density  /  Monitoring  /  Virus carriage  /  Tianjin
李世豪, 秦娜, 王伟, 李培羽, 朱红. 2019—2023年天津市蚊生态学监测及病毒携带情况分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (5) : 938 -941 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407340
Shi-hao LI, Na QIN, Wei WANG, Pei-yu LI, Hong ZHU. Monitoring of mosquito ecology and analysis of virus carriage in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (5) : 938 -941 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407340
正文
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病媒生物是指能够直接或间接传播人类疾病的生物，其中蚊是危害最严重的病媒昆虫，它不仅骚扰吸血而且传播多种疾病，例如疟疾、登革热、乙脑、丝虫病等[1-3]。近年来，随着全球气候变暖导致生态环境改变，蚊传疾病传播范围更加广泛[4]，世界范围内的虫媒传染病侵害不断加剧。在全球范围内，仅伊蚊传播的登革热疾病每年估计就有3.9亿人感染[5]，登革热也被世卫组织列为“全球十大健康威胁”之一[6]。蚊虫及其传播的疾病是影响人类大多数人口的全球性公共卫生威胁[7]。近些年，天津市登革热输入病例时有发生，易引发本土病例，并且作为乙脑的自然疫源地，发生过乙脑的本土病例，且缺乏相应的监测及病原背景资料。天津气候条件适合蚊虫孳生，为了控制蚊虫密度，及时发现病毒携带情况，减少蚊媒传染病的发生与流行，进一步科学开展密度监测及病毒检测，本文对天津市2019—2023年的蚊密度及病毒携带情况进行分析，结果如下。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　蚊密度监测
1.1.1　数据来源
来自天津市疾病预防控制中心（简称中心）2019—2023年病媒生物监测数据。
1.1.2　监测方法
依据《天津市病媒生物防制监测工作方案》，在天津的16个区使用《病媒生物密度监测方法蚊虫》GB/T 23797-2020 中规定的诱蚊灯法[8]进行监测，蚊密度计算公式如下。
1.1.3　监测时间
每年4—11月开展监测，每月监测2次，分上下半月，2次监测之间应大于等于15 d，遇风力超过5级及下雨的天气，监测时间顺延直至符合作业条件。
1.2　病原学检测
1.2.1　标本采集
库蚊采集。每区每年6—10月，尽量选择养猪场及其周边水域丰富的环境作为采样点，如无养猪场，选择蚊密度监测点作为采样点。使用诱蚊灯或灭蚊磁在夜间诱捕成蚊，收集后置于-20℃经冰冻，取出后迅速进行蚊种鉴定和分类计数，并剔除雄蚊。伊蚊采集。 每区每年6—10月，选择白纹伊蚊（aedes albopictus）的孳生地，如盆罐、竹节、树洞等。采用诱蚊诱卵器、挥网法和勺捞法采集成蚊和蚊幼虫，经蚊种鉴定和分类计数，剔除雄蚊。
1.2.2　病毒检测
蚊虫标本收集后采用液氮保存送至中心微生物实验室，后者对标本进行研磨离心，并提取核酸，采用RT-PCR方法对登革热病毒及乙脑病毒进行检测并进行电泳分析，阳性结果进行基因测序或分类鉴定。
1.3　统计分析
使用Excel 2007软件进行数据录入，采用SPSS 24.0软件进行资料分析，采用Fisher确切概率法考察蚊种构成比是否存在年度差异，采用非线性回归分析蚊密度的影响因素，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　生态学监测结果
2.1.1　不同年份成蚊密度及蚊种构成2019—2023年天津市共布放诱蚊灯12 641台次，捕获雌蚊54 870只，其中，淡色库蚊（Culex pipiens pallens）52 569只，占95.81%，其次是白纹伊蚊1 402只，占2.56%，中华按蚊（anopheles sinensis）883只，占1.61%，三带喙库蚊（culex tritaeniorhynchus）16只，占0.02%。平均密度为0.72只（/台·h），2019年蚊密度最高，为0.91只（/台· h），之后蚊密度逐年降低至2022年的0.59只（/台·h），2023年蚊密度略有回升，为0.65只（/台·h）。不同年份蚊种构成比差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），见表1。
2.1.2　不同生境、季节成蚊密度及蚊种构成5类生境均以淡色库蚊为优势蚊种，次要蚊种牲畜棚为中华按蚊，其它4类生境为白纹伊蚊，见表2。蚊密度从高到低依次为牲畜棚1.52只（/台·h）、农户0.96只/（台·h）、公园0.65只（/台·h）、医院0.42只（/台·h）、 居民区0.39只（台·h）。2019—2023年天津市蚊密度季节消长总体呈现单峰分布，密度高峰集中在6—9月，见图1；从蚊种角度看，淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊的密度高峰出现在7月，白纹伊蚊密度高峰出现在8月，而中华按蚊密度高峰在6—9月，见图2。月份与成蚊密度呈非线性关系，拟合非线性回归方程为，ŷ=-804.92-548.99t-94.45t2-14.62χ+94.24χ2-1.85s1-1.47s2 -1.85s3-0.89s4，其中ŷ为蚊密度的预测值，t代表研究区间内的第几个月，x为月份，s代表生境类型（其中以牲畜棚为参照，s1=居民区，s2=公园，s3=医院，s4=农户）。
2.2　病毒携带情况
2019—2023年共检测白纹伊蚊雌成蚊16 000只，登革病毒为阴性，淡色库蚊雌成蚊64 000只，乙脑病毒为阴性。
3　讨论
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本研究显示2019—2023年天津市共布放诱蚊灯12 641台次，捕获雌蚊54 870只，平均蚊密度为0.72只/（台· h）。2019年最高为0.91只/（台· h），2022年最低为0.59只/（台· h），优势蚊种均为淡色库蚊，与山东省[9-10]、河南省[11]、北京市[12]的研究结果一致，而刘莹等[13]的研究结果显示致卷库蚊最高，这符合淡色库蚊与致倦库蚊地理分布的特征[14]。作为登革热和乙脑的主要传播媒介，白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊在天津地区捕获数量较少，可能与我们所采用的监测方法有关[15]，白纹伊蚊活动高峰时间为黄昏及黎明前后，本次监测时间为18：00—24:00，三带喙库蚊主要孳生于水稻田、沼泽和池塘等生境中，本次监测生境主要是在居民区、公园、医院、农户和牲畜棚，因此导致这两类蚊虫构成比相对较少[16]。但不能据此推断该类蚊媒传染病的发生和传播风险较低，应密切监测关注这类蚊虫密度的变化，尤其是伊蚊的变化，正从热带地区向暖温带地区扩展[17]。
从蚊虫的生境构成来看，以牲畜棚最高，其次由高到低依次为农户、公园、医院和居民区。农户和牲畜棚的蚊虫数量占比大，这与刘全超等[18]的研究结果相同。可能由于农村地区居民防蚊灭蚊意识差，周围积水环境未得到及时有效的清理。根据监测结果，我们需要进一步改善农村地区的环境治理工作，增强健康教育的影响力，推广关于疾病防治的相关信息，鼓励全体人员积极参与到清理蚊虫孳生地的工作中来，与此同时，指导居民科学运用卫生杀虫剂以及安装纱门纱窗，挂蚊帐等方式，从而有效防止蚊传疾病的发生[19]。淡色库蚊主要出现在居民区、公园、农户和牲畜棚，以牲畜棚最高，白纹伊蚊与淡色库蚊相似，但以居民区最高，而中华按蚊则以农户和牲畜棚为主，以牲畜棚最高。
2019—2023年的病原学检测结果均未阴性，可能是由于天津市只对淡色库蚊及白纹伊蚊进行检测，而忽视了乙脑的主要传播媒介三带喙库蚊，未来，天津市将依据三带喙库蚊的捕获情况开展相应的病毒携带检测[20]。
天津夏季炎热、雨水集中，有利于蚊虫的孳生。根据蚊密度监测结果及季节消长趋势，适时采取措施改善环境，如翻盆倒灌，及时清理家中及周围环境中的积水容器，并结合物理、化学、生物防治等方法，清除蚊虫孳生地，降低蚊密度，减少蚊媒传染病的发生与流行。
基金
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  • 天津市卫生健康科技项目面上项目(TJWJ2021MS016)
  • 天津市医学重点学科(TJYXZDXK-50A)
  • 天津市普通高等学校本科教学改革与质量建设研究计划项目(A231006202)
  • 天津市教学成果奖重点培育项目(PYGJ-B023)
  • 天津医科大学教育教学研究项目(2023jxzd03)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第52卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407340
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-03-10
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天津市卫生健康科技项目面上项目(TJWJ2021MS016)
天津市医学重点学科(TJYXZDXK-50A)
天津市普通高等学校本科教学改革与质量建设研究计划项目(A231006202)
天津市教学成果奖重点培育项目(PYGJ-B023)
天津医科大学教育教学研究项目(2023jxzd03)
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    1.天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 天津市环境营养与人群健康重点实验室环境营养与人群健康国际联合研究中心，天津 300070
    2.天津市疾病预防控制中心病媒生物科，天津 300011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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