Article(id=1241065993791918716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408469, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725033600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822790811, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822790811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822790811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822790811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241065978004557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822787047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823194927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=590, endPage=596, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241065995318645404, articleId=1241065993791918716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of mortality trends and age-period-cohort effects of ischemic stroke in China, 1982-2021, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the mortality trend of ischemic stroke in China from 1982 to 2021, and to explore the effects of age, period and cohort on the mortality rate, so as to provide reference for the scientific prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods

The study data were derived from the Global Health Data Exchange Platform. Residents aged 5-94 years were used as the study subjects, and a Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of ischemic stroke deaths over time, and the age-period-cohort model was used to assess the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects on the mortality rate.

Results

The national ischemic stroke mortality rate fluctuated from 80.70/100 000 in 1982 to 64.47/100 000 in 2021, with a mean annual percentage change of -0.505%. The mortality rate of ischemic stroke for men and women fluctuated from 91.56/100 000 and 74.26/100 000 in 1982 to 88.32/100 000 and 48.58/100 000 in 2021, with an average annual percentage change of -0.054% and -0.993%, respectively; the mortality rate of ischemic stroke showed an upward trend with increasing age. With regard to the age effect, the mortality risk of ischemic stroke for male and female residents in the age group of 90-94 years increased by 6 032.91 and 4 754.90 times, respectively, compared with that of the age group of 10-14 years. For the period effect, the risk of death from ischemic stroke in 2017—2021 was 3.17 and 1.94 times higher than that in 1982—1986 for men and women, respectively. For cohort effect, the risk of ischemic stroke death for men and women born in 1892—1896 was 135.15 and 109.51 times higher than that born in 2012—2016, respectively.

Conclusion

The mortality rate of ischemic stroke in China generally showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend, in which the mortality rate of male residents was more prominent compared with that of females. The mortality risk of ischemic stroke is higher with increasing age and period.

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目的

分析1982—2021年我国缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势,探讨年龄、时期与队列对其死亡率的影响效应,为科学防治缺血性脑卒中提供参考。

方法

研究资料源自全球健康数据交换平台。以5~94岁居民为研究对象,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析缺血性脑卒中死亡随时间的变化趋势,采用年龄-时期-队列模型评估死亡率变动中的年龄特异性、时期特异性及队列特异性影响效应。

结果

全国缺血性脑卒中死亡率由1982年的80.70/10万波动降至2021年的64.47/10万,平均年度变化百分比为-0.505%。男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡率分别由1982年的91.56/10万、74.26/10万波动降至2021年的88.32/10万、48.58/10万,平均年度变化百分比分别为-0.054%、-0.993%;随着年龄增加,缺血性脑卒中的死亡率呈现上升态势。年龄效应方面,90~94岁年龄段的男女性居民,其罹患缺血性脑卒中的死亡风险相较于10~14岁年龄段,分别增长6 032.91倍、4 754.90倍。时期效应方面,男女性在2017—2021年的缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别是1982—1986年的3.17倍、1.94倍。队列效应方面,1892—1896年出生的男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别是出生于2012—2016年的135.15倍、109.51倍。

结论

我国缺血性脑卒中死亡率总体呈现波动下降的态势,其中男性居民的死亡率相较于女性更为突出。随着年龄增长、时期推移,缺血性脑卒中的死亡风险越高。

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杨小莉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8H8OxnYgBWQlckNK65zZoQ==, magXml=BtYSDP4WFfhg8csq35u2Gg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GWD98AHQI38OsbX0VFHHOg==, pdfFileSize=963515, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=r+zcSA5/khVQLbGO+AjNxg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oaS7B78EL/Fmv1fx3bzHgg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

夏达建(1990—),男,本科,中级职称,研究方向:公共卫生,急危重症

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Risk factors anslysis of stroke, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241066004088934447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, awardId=zdxk202107, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市区域医学重点学科建设项目(zdxk202107), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241065996925063968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065996941841185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, companyId=1241065996925063968, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Dazu District People’s Hospital, Chongqing 402360, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065996950229794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, companyId=1241065996925063968, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市大足区人民医院,重庆 402360)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241066001291334632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Trends in mortality from ischemic stroke in China and between men and women from 1982 to 2021, figureFileSmall=wLgMWqpord9Gmbqr730bvg==, figureFileBig=r+zcSA5/khVQLbGO+AjNxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066001404580846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1982—2021年全国及男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡率的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=wLgMWqpord9Gmbqr730bvg==, figureFileBig=r+zcSA5/khVQLbGO+AjNxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066001681404922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in mortality trends of ischemic stroke by gender and age in China from 1982 to 2021, figureFileSmall=T4XnN2gwaPIAQbdfHU3NNA==, figureFileBig=eBr6giZuTnMUYg8IDDbDsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066001861758982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1982—2021年中国不同性别年龄缺血性脑卒中的死亡趋势变化

注:A表示女性,B表示男性。

, figureFileSmall=T4XnN2gwaPIAQbdfHU3NNA==, figureFileBig=eBr6giZuTnMUYg8IDDbDsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066001983393804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Relative risk of ischemic stroke mortality in China based on APC model effects, figureFileSmall=tx/3hgl5GEsuAyMOWoSx2g==, figureFileBig=GznhtSEJBSAR1AWcrrmXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066002121805842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于APC模型效应的中国缺血性脑卒中致死风险相对危险度

注:A1—A18分别表示5~9岁至90~94岁;P1—P8分别表示1982—1986年至2017—2021年;C1—C25分别表示1892—1896年至2012—2016年。

, figureFileSmall=tx/3hgl5GEsuAyMOWoSx2g==, figureFileBig=GznhtSEJBSAR1AWcrrmXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241066002188914713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Trends in mortality from ischemic stroke in China from 1982 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份ASMR(/10万)APC(%,95% CI)值AAPC(%,95% CI)值tP
1982年2021年
全国80.7064.47-0.505(-0.779~-0.229)-3.588<0.001
1982—1997-0.437(-0.592~-0.282)a
1997—20042.693(2.254~3.133)a
2004—2007-4.789(-6.597~-2.946)a
2007—20100.477(-1.804~2.810)
2010—2014-2.574(-3.747~-1.386)a
2014—2021-1.142(-1.609~-0.672)a
女性74.2648.58-0.993(-1.308~-0.677)-6.144<0.001
1982—1996-1.126(-1.306~-0.945)a
1996—20042.002(1.614~2.391)a
2004—2007-5.429(-7.481~-3.331)a
2007—2010-0.604(-3.194~2.054)
2010—2014-3.594(-5.019~-2.148)a
2014—2021-0.813(-1.348~-0.276)b
男性91.5688.32-0.054(-0.280~0.173)-0.4680.640
1982—19990.343(0.205~0.481)a
1999—20044.320(3.675~4.969)a
2004—2007-4.260(-5.964~-2.525)a
2007—20100.807(-1.189~2.844)
2010—2021-1.661(-1.876~-1.445)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241066002318938140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1982—2021年中国缺血性脑卒中死亡率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份ASMR(/10万)APC(%,95% CI)值AAPC(%,95% CI)值tP
1982年2021年
全国80.7064.47-0.505(-0.779~-0.229)-3.588<0.001
1982—1997-0.437(-0.592~-0.282)a
1997—20042.693(2.254~3.133)a
2004—2007-4.789(-6.597~-2.946)a
2007—20100.477(-1.804~2.810)
2010—2014-2.574(-3.747~-1.386)a
2014—2021-1.142(-1.609~-0.672)a
女性74.2648.58-0.993(-1.308~-0.677)-6.144<0.001
1982—1996-1.126(-1.306~-0.945)a
1996—20042.002(1.614~2.391)a
2004—2007-5.429(-7.481~-3.331)a
2007—2010-0.604(-3.194~2.054)
2010—2014-3.594(-5.019~-2.148)a
2014—2021-0.813(-1.348~-0.276)b
男性91.5688.32-0.054(-0.280~0.173)-0.4680.640
1982—19990.343(0.205~0.481)a
1999—20044.320(3.675~4.969)a
2004—2007-4.260(-5.964~-2.525)a
2007—20100.807(-1.189~2.844)
2010—2021-1.661(-1.876~-1.445)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241066002419601441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of ischemic stroke mortality in China based on APC model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别女性男性
效应系数(95% CIP效应系数(95% CIP
年龄(岁)
5~9-3.602(-5.480~-1.724)<0.001-3.873(-6.633~-1.113)0.006
10~14-4.330(-6.684~-1.975)<0.001-4.350(-7.383~-1.318)0.005
15~19-3.086(-4.327~-1.845)<0.001-3.210(-4.887~-1.533)<0.001
20~24-2.804(-3.836~-1.773)<0.001-2.954(-4.363~-1.544)<0.001
25~29-2.587(-3.466~-1.708)<0.001-2.768(-3.990~-1.545)<0.001
30~34-2.198(-2.904~-1.492)<0.001-2.126(-3.044~-1.208)<0.001
35~39-1.539(-2.075~-1.004)<0.001-1.561(-2.290~-0.832)<0.001
40~44-0.931(-1.354~-0.508)<0.001-0.764(-1.332~-0.196)0.008
45~49-0.447(-0.790~-0.104)0.011-0.257(-0.723~0.208)0.279
50~540.263(-0.010~0.537)0.0590.392(0.016~0.768)0.041
55~590.794(0.566~1.021)<0.0010.864(0.551~1.176)<0.001
60~641.364(1.160~1.569)<0.0011.437(1.162~1.712)<0.001
65~691.915(1.706~2.123)<0.0011.926(1.652~2.200)<0.001
70~742.590(2.352~2.827)<0.0012.534(2.229~2.840)<0.001
75~793.030(2.747~3.314)<0.0012.952(2.590~3.315)<0.001
80~843.544(3.205~3.883)<0.0013.368(2.935~3.802)<0.001
85~893.887(3.487~4.287)<0.0014.035(3.522~4.548)<0.001
90~944.137(3.672~4.602)<0.0014.355(3.757~4.953)<0.001
时期(年)
1982—1986-0.355(-0.611~-0.100)0.006-0.638(-0.977~-0.299)<0.001
1987—1991-0.305(-0.488~-0.122)0.001-0.472(-0.714~-0.230)<0.001
1992—1996-0.186(-0.297~-0.076)0.001-0.294(-0.440~-0.148)<0.001
1997—20010.051(0.012~0.090)0.011-0.021(-0.073~0.031)0.425
2002—20060.118(0.078~0.157)<0.0010.164(0.112~0.216)<0.001
2007—20110.183(0.073~0.294)0.0010.324(0.178~0.470)<0.001
2012—20160.186(0.003~0.368)0.0460.420(0.178~0.662)0.001
2017—20210.309(0.054~0.564)0.0170.517(0.179~0.855)0.003
出生队列(年)
1892—18961.898(1.324~2.471)<0.0012.020(1.243~2.796)<0.001
1897—19011.793(1.276~2.310)<0.0011.884(1.181~2.587)<0.001
1902—19061.712(1.247~2.178)<0.0011.803(1.168~2.439)<0.001
1907—19111.641(1.221~2.061)<0.0011.674(1.097~2.251)<0.001
1912—19161.502(1.119~1.886)<0.0011.602(1.072~2.131)<0.001
1917—19211.364(1.006~1.722)<0.0011.419(0.923~1.916)<0.001
1922—19261.238(0.892~1.585)<0.0011.213(0.732~1.694)<0.001
1927—19311.097(0.748~1.447)<0.0011.022(0.538~1.506)<0.001
1932—19360.947(0.579~1.315)<0.0010.876(0.369~1.382)0.001
1937—19410.782(0.383~1.181)<0.0010.673(0.127~1.219)0.016
1942—19460.570(0.129~1.010)0.0110.445(-0.153~1.044)0.145
1947—19510.379(-0.111~0.869)0.1290.261(-0.401~0.923)0.440
1952—19560.147(-0.399~0.694)0.5970.038(-0.697~0.773)0.919
1957—1961-0.098(-0.707~0.512)0.753-0.164(-0.978~0.651)0.694
1962—1966-0.334(-1.014~0.347)0.336-0.388(-1.293~0.516)0.400
1967—1971-0.557(-1.319~0.206)0.152-0.565(-1.568~0.438)0.269
1972—1976-0.767(-1.636~0.102)0.084-0.761(-1.887~0.365)0.185
1977—1981-0.926(-1.910~0.059)0.065-0.848(-2.106~0.410)0.187
1982—1986-1.089(-2.255~0.077)0.067-0.945(-2.406~0.517)0.205
1987—1991-1.241(-2.656~0.175)0.086-1.104(-2.845~0.638)0.214
1992—1996-1.460(-3.211~0.291)0.102-1.384(-3.605~0.838)0.222
1997—2001-1.611(-3.787~0.566)0.147-1.588(-4.350~1.175)0.260
2002—2006-1.886(-4.938~1.166)0.226-1.951(-5.941~2.039)0.338
2007—2011-2.305(-7.634~3.024)0.397-2.347(-9.242~4.548)0.505
2012—2016-2.798(-11.404~5.808)0.524-2.887(-14.900~9.127)0.638
模型拟合检验
偏差(Deviance)0.4221.133
最小信息量准则(AIC)5.4106.275
贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)-436.588-368.302
), ArticleFig(id=1241066002566402087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065993791918716, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于APC模型的中国缺血性脑卒中死亡率分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别女性男性
效应系数(95% CIP效应系数(95% CIP
年龄(岁)
5~9-3.602(-5.480~-1.724)<0.001-3.873(-6.633~-1.113)0.006
10~14-4.330(-6.684~-1.975)<0.001-4.350(-7.383~-1.318)0.005
15~19-3.086(-4.327~-1.845)<0.001-3.210(-4.887~-1.533)<0.001
20~24-2.804(-3.836~-1.773)<0.001-2.954(-4.363~-1.544)<0.001
25~29-2.587(-3.466~-1.708)<0.001-2.768(-3.990~-1.545)<0.001
30~34-2.198(-2.904~-1.492)<0.001-2.126(-3.044~-1.208)<0.001
35~39-1.539(-2.075~-1.004)<0.001-1.561(-2.290~-0.832)<0.001
40~44-0.931(-1.354~-0.508)<0.001-0.764(-1.332~-0.196)0.008
45~49-0.447(-0.790~-0.104)0.011-0.257(-0.723~0.208)0.279
50~540.263(-0.010~0.537)0.0590.392(0.016~0.768)0.041
55~590.794(0.566~1.021)<0.0010.864(0.551~1.176)<0.001
60~641.364(1.160~1.569)<0.0011.437(1.162~1.712)<0.001
65~691.915(1.706~2.123)<0.0011.926(1.652~2.200)<0.001
70~742.590(2.352~2.827)<0.0012.534(2.229~2.840)<0.001
75~793.030(2.747~3.314)<0.0012.952(2.590~3.315)<0.001
80~843.544(3.205~3.883)<0.0013.368(2.935~3.802)<0.001
85~893.887(3.487~4.287)<0.0014.035(3.522~4.548)<0.001
90~944.137(3.672~4.602)<0.0014.355(3.757~4.953)<0.001
时期(年)
1982—1986-0.355(-0.611~-0.100)0.006-0.638(-0.977~-0.299)<0.001
1987—1991-0.305(-0.488~-0.122)0.001-0.472(-0.714~-0.230)<0.001
1992—1996-0.186(-0.297~-0.076)0.001-0.294(-0.440~-0.148)<0.001
1997—20010.051(0.012~0.090)0.011-0.021(-0.073~0.031)0.425
2002—20060.118(0.078~0.157)<0.0010.164(0.112~0.216)<0.001
2007—20110.183(0.073~0.294)0.0010.324(0.178~0.470)<0.001
2012—20160.186(0.003~0.368)0.0460.420(0.178~0.662)0.001
2017—20210.309(0.054~0.564)0.0170.517(0.179~0.855)0.003
出生队列(年)
1892—18961.898(1.324~2.471)<0.0012.020(1.243~2.796)<0.001
1897—19011.793(1.276~2.310)<0.0011.884(1.181~2.587)<0.001
1902—19061.712(1.247~2.178)<0.0011.803(1.168~2.439)<0.001
1907—19111.641(1.221~2.061)<0.0011.674(1.097~2.251)<0.001
1912—19161.502(1.119~1.886)<0.0011.602(1.072~2.131)<0.001
1917—19211.364(1.006~1.722)<0.0011.419(0.923~1.916)<0.001
1922—19261.238(0.892~1.585)<0.0011.213(0.732~1.694)<0.001
1927—19311.097(0.748~1.447)<0.0011.022(0.538~1.506)<0.001
1932—19360.947(0.579~1.315)<0.0010.876(0.369~1.382)0.001
1937—19410.782(0.383~1.181)<0.0010.673(0.127~1.219)0.016
1942—19460.570(0.129~1.010)0.0110.445(-0.153~1.044)0.145
1947—19510.379(-0.111~0.869)0.1290.261(-0.401~0.923)0.440
1952—19560.147(-0.399~0.694)0.5970.038(-0.697~0.773)0.919
1957—1961-0.098(-0.707~0.512)0.753-0.164(-0.978~0.651)0.694
1962—1966-0.334(-1.014~0.347)0.336-0.388(-1.293~0.516)0.400
1967—1971-0.557(-1.319~0.206)0.152-0.565(-1.568~0.438)0.269
1972—1976-0.767(-1.636~0.102)0.084-0.761(-1.887~0.365)0.185
1977—1981-0.926(-1.910~0.059)0.065-0.848(-2.106~0.410)0.187
1982—1986-1.089(-2.255~0.077)0.067-0.945(-2.406~0.517)0.205
1987—1991-1.241(-2.656~0.175)0.086-1.104(-2.845~0.638)0.214
1992—1996-1.460(-3.211~0.291)0.102-1.384(-3.605~0.838)0.222
1997—2001-1.611(-3.787~0.566)0.147-1.588(-4.350~1.175)0.260
2002—2006-1.886(-4.938~1.166)0.226-1.951(-5.941~2.039)0.338
2007—2011-2.305(-7.634~3.024)0.397-2.347(-9.242~4.548)0.505
2012—2016-2.798(-11.404~5.808)0.524-2.887(-14.900~9.127)0.638
模型拟合检验
偏差(Deviance)0.4221.133
最小信息量准则(AIC)5.4106.275
贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)-436.588-368.302
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1982—2021年中国缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列效应分析
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夏达建 , 谢云芳 , 张冬梅 , 蒋怀春 , 杨小莉
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(4): 590-596
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(4): 590-596
1982—2021年中国缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列效应分析
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夏达建, 谢云芳, 张冬梅, 蒋怀春, 杨小莉
作者信息
  • 重庆市大足区人民医院,重庆 402360
  • 夏达建(1990—),男,本科,中级职称,研究方向:公共卫生,急危重症

通讯作者:

杨小莉,E-mail:
Analysis of mortality trends and age-period-cohort effects of ischemic stroke in China, 1982-2021
Da-jian XIA, Yun-fang XIE, Dong-mei ZHANG, Huai-chun JIANG, Xiao-li YANG
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Dazu District People’s Hospital, Chongqing 402360, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408469
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目的

分析1982—2021年我国缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势,探讨年龄、时期与队列对其死亡率的影响效应,为科学防治缺血性脑卒中提供参考。

方法

研究资料源自全球健康数据交换平台。以5~94岁居民为研究对象,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析缺血性脑卒中死亡随时间的变化趋势,采用年龄-时期-队列模型评估死亡率变动中的年龄特异性、时期特异性及队列特异性影响效应。

结果

全国缺血性脑卒中死亡率由1982年的80.70/10万波动降至2021年的64.47/10万,平均年度变化百分比为-0.505%。男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡率分别由1982年的91.56/10万、74.26/10万波动降至2021年的88.32/10万、48.58/10万,平均年度变化百分比分别为-0.054%、-0.993%;随着年龄增加,缺血性脑卒中的死亡率呈现上升态势。年龄效应方面,90~94岁年龄段的男女性居民,其罹患缺血性脑卒中的死亡风险相较于10~14岁年龄段,分别增长6 032.91倍、4 754.90倍。时期效应方面,男女性在2017—2021年的缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别是1982—1986年的3.17倍、1.94倍。队列效应方面,1892—1896年出生的男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别是出生于2012—2016年的135.15倍、109.51倍。

结论

我国缺血性脑卒中死亡率总体呈现波动下降的态势,其中男性居民的死亡率相较于女性更为突出。随着年龄增长、时期推移,缺血性脑卒中的死亡风险越高。

缺血性脑卒中  /  死亡趋势  /  Joinpoint回归模型  /  年龄-时期-队列模型
Objective

To analyze the mortality trend of ischemic stroke in China from 1982 to 2021, and to explore the effects of age, period and cohort on the mortality rate, so as to provide reference for the scientific prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods

The study data were derived from the Global Health Data Exchange Platform. Residents aged 5-94 years were used as the study subjects, and a Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of ischemic stroke deaths over time, and the age-period-cohort model was used to assess the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects on the mortality rate.

Results

The national ischemic stroke mortality rate fluctuated from 80.70/100 000 in 1982 to 64.47/100 000 in 2021, with a mean annual percentage change of -0.505%. The mortality rate of ischemic stroke for men and women fluctuated from 91.56/100 000 and 74.26/100 000 in 1982 to 88.32/100 000 and 48.58/100 000 in 2021, with an average annual percentage change of -0.054% and -0.993%, respectively; the mortality rate of ischemic stroke showed an upward trend with increasing age. With regard to the age effect, the mortality risk of ischemic stroke for male and female residents in the age group of 90-94 years increased by 6 032.91 and 4 754.90 times, respectively, compared with that of the age group of 10-14 years. For the period effect, the risk of death from ischemic stroke in 2017—2021 was 3.17 and 1.94 times higher than that in 1982—1986 for men and women, respectively. For cohort effect, the risk of ischemic stroke death for men and women born in 1892—1896 was 135.15 and 109.51 times higher than that born in 2012—2016, respectively.

Conclusion

The mortality rate of ischemic stroke in China generally showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend, in which the mortality rate of male residents was more prominent compared with that of females. The mortality risk of ischemic stroke is higher with increasing age and period.

Ischemic stroke  /  Mortality trends  /  Joinpoint regression models  /  Age-period-cohort models
夏达建, 谢云芳, 张冬梅, 蒋怀春, 杨小莉. 1982—2021年中国缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (4) : 590 -596 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408469
Da-jian XIA, Yun-fang XIE, Dong-mei ZHANG, Huai-chun JIANG, Xiao-li YANG. Analysis of mortality trends and age-period-cohort effects of ischemic stroke in China, 1982-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (4) : 590 -596 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408469
缺血性脑卒中是一种由脑组织血液供应受限所触发的严重脑血管疾病,涵盖梗塞性、血栓栓塞性及动脉粥样硬化性中风等多种表现形式[1]。该病症以其高发病率、高致残率及高死亡率,构成全球公共卫生领域内的一个重大挑战[2]。近年来,人口老龄化进程加速与城市化的深入发展,促使我国缺血性脑卒中的新发病例数量呈现上升的态势[3-4],严重危害居民健康水平。据2021年全球疾病负担数据显示,我国缺血性脑卒中标准化死亡率已达64.47/10万,位居死因顺位前列。本研究根据最新的全球疾病负担数据,分析1982—2021年我国缺血性脑卒中死亡的变化趋势,并采用年龄-时期-队列模型从年龄、时期、队列三个维度进行分解,分析三因素对缺血性脑卒中死亡率的影响,以期为科学防治缺血性脑卒中提供参考。
本研究的资料来源于全球健康数据交换平台(global health data exchange, GHDx)。该数据库涵盖了全球204个国家或地区的371种疾病和伤害的疾病负担信息,这些数据按照年龄、性别及年份等多维度进行了详细分类[5]。对于中国地区数据,主要来源于国家疾病预防控制中心死因登记报告信息系统、国家疾病监测系统与国家妇幼卫生监测网络等多个权威渠道[6-7]。本研究从中提取了1982—2021年中国缺血性脑卒中全年龄组以及每5岁为一组的年龄标准化死亡率数据。
Joinpoint回归模型通过蒙特卡洛测试确定重要的转折点,用于流行病学中描述疾病的发病或死亡趋势分析[8]。本研究利用该模型将研究时段1982—2021年划分为不同转折区间,并计算总体与区间缺血性脑卒中死亡率的年度变化率(annual percent change, APC)与平均年度变化率(average annual percent change, AAPC)[9],以此揭示长期变动趋势。值得注意的是,这种变动趋势包含了年龄、时期与出生队列三个方面的影响。
基于泊松分布的年龄-时期-队列模型(age-period-cohort, APC)能够从年龄、时期与队列三个维度解析死亡趋势数据,从而精确评估这三个因素对缺血性脑卒中死亡率的独立效应[10]。鉴于APC模型要求不同维度(年龄、时期与队列)的间隔保持一致。本研究采取连续5岁为一年龄组、每5年为一时期组的划分方式,将年龄5~94岁划分为18组,时期(1982—2021年)则划分为8组。队列等于时期减年龄,得到共计25个队列组。此外,本研究采用Fu[11]与Yang[12]等提出的内生因子算法(Intrinsic Estimator, IE)估计APC模型,以期满足泊松分布的独立条件,同时消除年龄、时期与队列间的相关性问题。模型基本形式为:
式中:M为缺血性脑卒中死亡率;με分别表示截距项与随机误差项;Xaλ代表年龄及其效应系数;Xpρ释义时期及其效应系数;Xcγ表示队列及其效应系数。
利用Excel 2021构建数据分析的基础库。使用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件建构Joinpoint回归模型,以此计算APC与AAPC值,转而进一步阐释缺血性脑卒中死亡趋势。采用Stata 14.0软件建构APC模型,计算效应系数与相对危险度(relative risk, RR),RR值是以总体平均效应水平为参照[13],该数值增大意味着死亡风险提升。统计分析均为双侧检验,检验水准设定为0.05。
我国居民缺血性脑卒中的死亡率从1982年的每10万人中80.70例下降至2021年的每10万人中64.47例,死亡率年均下降速度为0.505%,AAPC值为-0.505%(t=-3.588,P<0.001)。除1997—2004年及2007—2010年死亡率呈现上升外,余下年份均呈现下降态势。详见图1表1
1982—2021年缺血性脑卒中的死亡率随着年龄均呈现上升态势。在5~64岁年龄组,死亡率增长相对平缓,而自65岁开始,死亡率的增长态势则变得更为显著。详见图2
男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡率分别从1982年的每10万人中91.56例、74.26例波动下降至2021年的每10万人中88.32例、48.58例。女性居民中,死亡率的转折点出现在1996年、2004年、2007年、2010年、2014年,AAPC值为-0.993%(t=-6.144,P<0.001)。男性居民死亡率的转折点则位于1999年、2004年、2007年、2010年,AAPC值为-0.054%(t=-0.468,P=0.640)。详见图1表1
排除了时期与队列效应的影响后,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均随年龄增长呈上升态势。男女性在90~94岁的年龄效应系数达到最大,而10~14岁的年龄效应系数则为最小。最大值分别是最小值的6 032.91倍、4 754.90倍。在30~34岁、40~69岁、85~94岁年龄组,男性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险高于女性,而在5~29岁、35~39岁、70~84岁年龄组,女性死亡风险则高于男性。详见表2图3
排除了年龄与队列效应的影响后,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均随时期推移呈上升态势。男女性时期效应系数最大值出现在2017—2021年,最小值居于1982—1986年,前者的死亡风险分别是后者的3.17倍、1.94倍。在1982—2001年时期组,女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险高于男性,而在2002—2021年时期组,男性死亡风险则高于女性。详见表2图3
排除了年龄与时期效应的影响后,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均随出生年份延后呈下降态势。男女性队列效应系数最大值出现在1892—1896年,最小值居于2012—2016年,前者的死亡风险分别是后者的135.15倍、109.51倍。出生于1892—1921年、1972—2001年的男性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险高于女性,而在1922—1971年、2002—2016年出生的女性死亡风险高于男性。详见表2图3
1982—2021年我国居民缺血性脑卒中死亡率总体呈现波动下降趋势,这与覃心如等研究结果较为一致[14],提示政府针对居民缺血性脑卒中开展的防治工作取得了一定成效。未来应根据健康中国行动(2019—2030年)总体布局,持续加强脑卒中综合防治,保障居民健康权益。
Joinpoint回归结果显示,1997—2004年、2007—2010年缺血性脑卒中死亡率呈现上升趋势,而其他年份则呈现下降趋势,这一发现也从侧面反映了总体趋势。分析其原因,一方面,随着社会经济的快速发展,居民饮食习惯及生活方式出现了显著变化,高脂高盐高糖饮食、缺乏体育锻炼等均是缺血性脑卒中发生发展的重要危险因素[15]。另一方面,新医改以来,政府相继实施控烟条例、建设卒中中心,普及相关健康教育知识,同时也不断提升医疗服务水平[16],这些综合措施可能有助于减缓2010年后居民缺血性脑卒中死亡上升趋势。
男性缺血性脑卒中死亡率显著高于女性,这与吴佐军等[16]分析天津市蓟州区、以及丁贤彬等[17]分析重庆市缺血性脑卒中的研究结果一致。究其原因,一是男性可能在工作及生活中承担更大的社会心理压力,并且更容易接触如吸烟饮酒、高胆固醇、高血压、肥胖等增加脑卒中风险的因素[18-19]。以吸烟为例,烟草中某些特有成分可能会通过刺激血管而诱发炎症,增加卒中风险[20]。二是相较于男性,女性特有的雌激素在维持血管正常生理功能方面扮演者重要角色[1,21]。因此,在制定公共卫生干预措施时,需要考虑性别差异,实施个性化干预,尤其要重点关注男性居民,加强健康宣教,倡导健康生活方式,控制缺血性脑卒中暴露的危险因素。
在控制时期与队列效应后,随着年龄增长,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均呈上升趋势。男女性90~94岁年龄组缺血性脑卒中死亡风险相较于10~14岁年龄组分别增长了6 032.91倍、4 754.90倍。这与既往脑血管病相关研究一致[22-23],提示年龄是缺血性脑卒中死亡风险的影响因素。分析原因,一方面可能源自身体机能,随着年龄的增长,居民生理功能逐步降低,细胞损伤修复能力减退,更容易收到疾病的侵害[14]。同时,各种基础疾病的存在也进一步增加了缺血性脑卒中发病及死亡风险[14]。另一方面日益严峻的人口老龄化趋势,也在一定程度上扩大了缺血性脑卒中的高危人群规模[24]。因此,卫生部门应重视老年居民健康水平,积极开展脑卒中危险因素筛查,提供集预防、风险评估、跟踪随访、干预指导为一体的健康管理服务。
在控制年龄与队列效应后,随着时期推移,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均呈上升趋势。男女性在2017—2021年的缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别是1982—1986年的3.17倍、1.94倍。分析原因,一是归因于不健康饮食习惯,社会经济发展的同时也提升了居民生活水平,但随之而来的却是居民饮食习惯的改变,如高糖高脂高盐饮食,导致与缺血性脑卒中密切相关的糖尿病、高血压、肥胖等慢性病日益增多[25],增加了缺血性脑卒中患病风险。二是由于医学影像、生化检验等诊疗技术水平的进步,以及健康筛查制度的不断完善,医务人员可以更为准确识别并诊断缺血性脑卒中,从而提升了检出率[26]。因此,建议积极开展缺血性脑卒中全民健康教育,组织权威专家编制饮食防控知识,并依托现代化新媒体提升信息传播可及性,形成健康饮食习惯。此外,推进多学科融合卒中中心建设,进一步提升诊疗技术水平,从而更好地为居民提供缺血性脑卒中防治康复服务。
在控制年龄与时期效应后,随着出生年份延后,男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险均呈下降趋势。相较出生于2012—2016年的居民,1892—1896年出生的男女性缺血性脑卒中死亡风险分别增加了135.15倍、109.51倍。原因可能源自以下两点,一是出生年份较早的居民,可能经历了如战争、饥荒等不稳定的社会环境因素,生活条件也极其艰辛,从而出现严重营养不良、医疗资源缺乏,增加了缺血性脑卒中死亡风险[27]。二是后期随着社会经济的发展,居民生活环境得到极大改善,医疗资源不断增加,医疗保障制度逐步建立,更好地满足了居民脑卒中健康服务需求[28],生命质量显著提升。因此,建议加大对早期出生年代居民缺血性脑卒中筛查力度,调动其主动筛查积极性,竭力控制暴露危险因素,建立网络报告机制,实现缺血性脑卒中信息动态管理。
综上所述,1982—2021年我国居民缺血性脑卒中死亡率总体呈现波动下降趋势,男性与老年居民应作为重点关注人群。APC模型显示缺血性脑卒中死亡风险随着年龄增长、时期推移而上升,但出生年代越晚的居民死亡风险越低。未来建议持续加强三级预防,实施关口前移,建立卒中中心,倡导健康行为生活方式,控制暴露危险因素,多举措降低死亡风险。
  • 重庆市区域医学重点学科建设项目(zdxk202107)
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2025年第52卷第4期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408469
  • 接收时间:2024-08-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-31
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重庆市区域医学重点学科建设项目(zdxk202107)
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    重庆市大足区人民医院,重庆 402360

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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