Article(id=1241065986988766075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407449, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721750400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822789189, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822789189, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822789189, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822789189, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241065978004557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822787047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823194927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=749, endPage=755, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241065987328504732, articleId=1241065986988766075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Risk factor analysis of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia based on logistic regression and decision tree model, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the main influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia using logistic regression and decision tree models and to understand their psychological characteristics, in order to take targeted measures to improve the mental health status of them.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 537 patients with functional dyspepsia from two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang, using a general demographic data survey, Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Multidimensional Health Control Source Scale (MHLC), and Simplified Niping Digestive Dysfunction Index (SF-NDI). Binary logistic regression model and CHAID algorithm based classification decision tree to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia. Compare the differences between the two models.

Results

Logistic regression results showed that the leaders and staffs of state institutions (OR=5.13, 95% CI:1.031-25.529), freelances, the unemployed(OR=6.3, 95% CI:1.291-30.749), the worse the emotional states (OR=1.167, 95% CI:1.03-1.323), the worse the gastrointestinal symptoms(OR=1.065, 95% CI:1.037-1.095), and health authority control (OR=1.032, 95% CI:1.006-1.06) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia (P<0.05). The results of decision tree modeling showed that gastrointestinal symptoms, health authority figure control and emotional state were the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia, among which gastrointestinal symptoms were the most important influencing factors.

Conclusion

Both models have classification and prediction value, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The two can complement each other, making the analysis results more practical.

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目的

采用logistic回归与决策树模型研究功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的主要影响因素,了解其心理特点,以采取针对性措施提高功能性消化不良患者的心理健康状况。

方法

采用一般人口学资料调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、胃肠症状等级评估量表(GSRS)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、精简版—尼平消化不良指数简表(SF-NDI),对新疆某两所三甲医院的537名功能性消化不良患者进行问卷调查。采用二分类logistic回归模型和基于CHAID算法的分类决策树模型分析功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,分析并比较两种模型的差异。

结果

Logistic回归结果显示,国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员(OR=5.13,95% CI:1.031~25.529)、自由职业、无业、待业(OR=6.3,95% CI:1.291~30.749)、情绪状态越差(OR=1.167,95% CI:1.03~1.323)、胃肠症状越严重(OR=1.065,95% CI:1.037~1.095)、健康权威人士控制(OR=1.032,95% CI:1.006~1.06)与功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的高风险相关(P均<0.05)。决策树模型结果显示,胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制和情绪状态是功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,其中胃肠症状是最主要的影响因素。

结论

两种模型都具有分类预测价值,但各有优劣,二者可以相互补充,使得分析结果更具实际意义。

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姜婷,E-mail:
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王晓婷(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人群心理健康与行为

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Variable Assignment Methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
是否焦虑否=0,是=1
性别女=1,男=2
家庭月总收入(元)3 000及以下=1,3 001~5 000=2,5 001~8 000=3,8 000及以上=4
年龄(岁)18~40=1,41~60=2,61~80=3,81及以上=4
受教育程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中及专科=3,本科=4,研究生及以上=5
职业学生=1,国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员=2,生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工=3,农民=4,个体户=5,退休=6,自由职业、无业、待业=7
), ArticleFig(id=1241065993485742386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量赋值方式

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变量赋值方式
是否焦虑否=0,是=1
性别女=1,男=2
家庭月总收入(元)3 000及以下=1,3 001~5 000=2,5 001~8 000=3,8 000及以上=4
年龄(岁)18~40=1,41~60=2,61~80=3,81及以上=4
受教育程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中及专科=3,本科=4,研究生及以上=5
职业学生=1,国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员=2,生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工=3,农民=4,个体户=5,退休=6,自由职业、无业、待业=7
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995016663360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

General demographic data(n=537)

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变量n%
性别
23944.5
29855.5
家庭月总收入(元)
3 000及以下8916.6
3 001~5 00021339.7
5 001~8 00012623.5
8 000及以上10920.3
年龄(岁)
18~4013124.4
41~6022341.5
61~8016831.3
81及以上152.8
受教育程度
小学及以下5410.1
初中10219.0
高中及专科25046.6
本科10920.3
研究生及以上224.1
职业
学生163.0
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员6311.7
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工9517.7
农民254.7
个体户295.4
退休22942.6
自由职业、无业、待业8014.9
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995150881093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

一般人口学资料(n=537)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量n%
性别
23944.5
29855.5
家庭月总收入(元)
3 000及以下8916.6
3 001~5 00021339.7
5 001~8 00012623.5
8 000及以上10920.3
年龄(岁)
18~4013124.4
41~6022341.5
61~8016831.3
81及以上152.8
受教育程度
小学及以下5410.1
初中10219.0
高中及专科25046.6
本科10920.3
研究生及以上224.1
职业
学生163.0
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员6311.7
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工9517.7
农民254.7
个体户295.4
退休22942.6
自由职业、无业、待业8014.9
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995293487438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors of anxiety in patients with FD

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影响因素是否焦虑[n (%) ]Z/χ2P
性别0.9140.339
104(43.5)135(56.5)
142(47.7)156(52.3)
家庭月总收入(元)5.7700.123
3 000及以下39(43.8)50(56.2)
3 001~5 000106(49.8)107(50.2)
5 001~8 00047(37.3)79(62.7)
8 000及以上54(49.5)55(50.5)
年龄(岁)5.7530.124
18~4064(48.9)67(51.1)
41~60108(48.4)115(51.6)
61~8065(38.7)103(61.3)
81及以上9(60.0)6(40.0)
受教育程度6.8580.144
小学及以下26(48.1)28(51.9)
初中57(55.9)45(44.1)
高中及专科102(40.8)148(59.2)
本科51(46.8)58(53.2)
研究生及以上10(45.5)12(54.5)
职业16.2020.013
学生2(12.5)14(87.5)
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员33(52.4)30(47.6)
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工45(47.4)350(52.6)
农民15(60.0)110(40.0)
个体户12(41.4)17(58.6)
退休94(41.0)135(59.0)
自由职业、无业、待业45(56.3)35(43.8)
胃肠症状28(23, 34)23(19, 29)-6.355<0.001
健康内部控制23(19, 26)23(18, 27)-0.6800.497
健康机遇控制17.5(13.8, 22)17(13, 22)-0.3390.735
健康权威人士控制27(23, 30)26(21, 29)-2.6920.007
情绪状态4(3, 5)3(2, 4)-4.941<0.001
日常生活4(3, 4)3(2, 4)-4.567<0.001
饮食状况4(3, 5)4(2, 4)-3.0530.009
认知情况4(3, 5)3(2, 4)-3.6940.006
工作学习4(2, 4)3(2, 4)-3.978<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995427705176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

FD患者焦虑影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素是否焦虑[n (%) ]Z/χ2P
性别0.9140.339
104(43.5)135(56.5)
142(47.7)156(52.3)
家庭月总收入(元)5.7700.123
3 000及以下39(43.8)50(56.2)
3 001~5 000106(49.8)107(50.2)
5 001~8 00047(37.3)79(62.7)
8 000及以上54(49.5)55(50.5)
年龄(岁)5.7530.124
18~4064(48.9)67(51.1)
41~60108(48.4)115(51.6)
61~8065(38.7)103(61.3)
81及以上9(60.0)6(40.0)
受教育程度6.8580.144
小学及以下26(48.1)28(51.9)
初中57(55.9)45(44.1)
高中及专科102(40.8)148(59.2)
本科51(46.8)58(53.2)
研究生及以上10(45.5)12(54.5)
职业16.2020.013
学生2(12.5)14(87.5)
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员33(52.4)30(47.6)
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工45(47.4)350(52.6)
农民15(60.0)110(40.0)
个体户12(41.4)17(58.6)
退休94(41.0)135(59.0)
自由职业、无业、待业45(56.3)35(43.8)
胃肠症状28(23, 34)23(19, 29)-6.355<0.001
健康内部控制23(19, 26)23(18, 27)-0.6800.497
健康机遇控制17.5(13.8, 22)17(13, 22)-0.3390.735
健康权威人士控制27(23, 30)26(21, 29)-2.6920.007
情绪状态4(3, 5)3(2, 4)-4.941<0.001
日常生活4(3, 4)3(2, 4)-4.567<0.001
饮食状况4(3, 5)4(2, 4)-3.0530.009
认知情况4(3, 5)3(2, 4)-3.6940.006
工作学习4(2, 4)3(2, 4)-3.978<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995561922908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of anxiety in patients with FD

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影响因素回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR值(95% CI
职业(ref:学生)
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员1.6350.8193.9880.0465.130(1.031~25.529)
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工1.4820.8023.4130.0654.402(0.914~21.214)
农民1.5730.8973.0790.0794.823(0.832~27.962)
个体户1.3460.8672.4110.1203.843(0.703~21.026)
退休1.1080.7891.9720.1603.027(0.645~14.205)
自由职业、无业、待业1.8410.8095.1780.0236.300(1.291~30.749)
情绪状态0.1540.0645.8350.0161.167(1.030~1.323)
日常生活-0.0070.0830.0080.9290.993(0.843~1.168)
饮食状况0.0310.0610.2500.6171.031(0.914~1.163)
认知情况-0.0010.0640.0000.9840.999(0.882~1.131)
工作学习-0.0120.0890.0190.8910.988(0.829~1.177)
胃肠症状0.0630.01421.034<0.0011.065(1.037~1.095)
健康权威人士控制0.0320.0135.6720.0171.032(1.006~1.060)
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995679363430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

FD患者焦虑影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR值(95% CI
职业(ref:学生)
国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员1.6350.8193.9880.0465.130(1.031~25.529)
生产制造业、商业服务业一般员工1.4820.8023.4130.0654.402(0.914~21.214)
农民1.5730.8973.0790.0794.823(0.832~27.962)
个体户1.3460.8672.4110.1203.843(0.703~21.026)
退休1.1080.7891.9720.1603.027(0.645~14.205)
自由职业、无业、待业1.8410.8095.1780.0236.300(1.291~30.749)
情绪状态0.1540.0645.8350.0161.167(1.030~1.323)
日常生活-0.0070.0830.0080.9290.993(0.843~1.168)
饮食状况0.0310.0610.2500.6171.031(0.914~1.163)
认知情况-0.0010.0640.0000.9840.999(0.882~1.131)
工作学习-0.0120.0890.0190.8910.988(0.829~1.177)
胃肠症状0.0630.01421.034<0.0011.065(1.037~1.095)
健康权威人士控制0.0320.0135.6720.0171.032(1.006~1.060)
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995847135602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of predictive performance between logistic regression model and decision tree model

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模型AUC标准误95% CI灵敏度(%特异度(%约登指数
Logistic回归0.7050.022(0.662,0.749)0.8460.4880.334
分类决策树0.7170.022(0.674,0.761)0.7030.6360.339
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995939410296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065986988766075, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

Logistic回归模型和决策树模型预测性能比较

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模型AUC标准误95% CI灵敏度(%特异度(%约登指数
Logistic回归0.7050.022(0.662,0.749)0.8460.4880.334
分类决策树0.7170.022(0.674,0.761)0.7030.6360.339
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基于logistic回归与决策树模型的功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的危险因素分析
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王晓婷 1 , 古丽江·沙那提 2 , 孙建 3 , 姜婷 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(4): 749-755
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(4): 749-755
基于logistic回归与决策树模型的功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的危险因素分析
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王晓婷1, 古丽江·沙那提2, 孙建3, 姜婷1
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2.新疆医科大学第一附属医院消化病一科
  • 3.新疆医科大学第六附属医院消化科
  • 王晓婷(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人群心理健康与行为

通讯作者:

姜婷,E-mail:
Risk factor analysis of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia based on logistic regression and decision tree model
Xiao-ting WANG1, Gulijiang·Shanati2, Jian SUN3, Ting JIANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi Xinjiang 830000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407449
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目的

采用logistic回归与决策树模型研究功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的主要影响因素,了解其心理特点,以采取针对性措施提高功能性消化不良患者的心理健康状况。

方法

采用一般人口学资料调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、胃肠症状等级评估量表(GSRS)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、精简版—尼平消化不良指数简表(SF-NDI),对新疆某两所三甲医院的537名功能性消化不良患者进行问卷调查。采用二分类logistic回归模型和基于CHAID算法的分类决策树模型分析功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,分析并比较两种模型的差异。

结果

Logistic回归结果显示,国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员(OR=5.13,95% CI:1.031~25.529)、自由职业、无业、待业(OR=6.3,95% CI:1.291~30.749)、情绪状态越差(OR=1.167,95% CI:1.03~1.323)、胃肠症状越严重(OR=1.065,95% CI:1.037~1.095)、健康权威人士控制(OR=1.032,95% CI:1.006~1.06)与功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的高风险相关(P均<0.05)。决策树模型结果显示,胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制和情绪状态是功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,其中胃肠症状是最主要的影响因素。

结论

两种模型都具有分类预测价值,但各有优劣,二者可以相互补充,使得分析结果更具实际意义。

功能性消化不良  /  焦虑障碍  /  心理控制源  /  胃肠症状
Objective

To study the main influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia using logistic regression and decision tree models and to understand their psychological characteristics, in order to take targeted measures to improve the mental health status of them.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 537 patients with functional dyspepsia from two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang, using a general demographic data survey, Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Multidimensional Health Control Source Scale (MHLC), and Simplified Niping Digestive Dysfunction Index (SF-NDI). Binary logistic regression model and CHAID algorithm based classification decision tree to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia. Compare the differences between the two models.

Results

Logistic regression results showed that the leaders and staffs of state institutions (OR=5.13, 95% CI:1.031-25.529), freelances, the unemployed(OR=6.3, 95% CI:1.291-30.749), the worse the emotional states (OR=1.167, 95% CI:1.03-1.323), the worse the gastrointestinal symptoms(OR=1.065, 95% CI:1.037-1.095), and health authority control (OR=1.032, 95% CI:1.006-1.06) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia (P<0.05). The results of decision tree modeling showed that gastrointestinal symptoms, health authority figure control and emotional state were the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia, among which gastrointestinal symptoms were the most important influencing factors.

Conclusion

Both models have classification and prediction value, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The two can complement each other, making the analysis results more practical.

Functional dyspepsia  /  Anxiety disorder  /  Source of psychological control  /  Gastrointestinal symptoms
王晓婷, 古丽江·沙那提, 孙建, 姜婷. 基于logistic回归与决策树模型的功能性消化不良患者焦虑障碍的危险因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (4) : 749 -755 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407449
Xiao-ting WANG, Gulijiang·Shanati, Jian SUN, Ting JIANG. Risk factor analysis of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia based on logistic regression and decision tree model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (4) : 749 -755 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407449
功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)是以餐后饱胀、早饱、上腹痛、上腹灼热感等为主要表现,是消化科最常见的疾病之一[1]。流行病学调查研究表明[2],FD在西方国家发病率>10%,亚洲国家发病率为2%~13%。FD患者的焦虑水平较正常人明显升高,约有70%的FD患者伴有精神状态异常,其中伴有焦虑障碍者占29%。FD患者焦虑情绪受多重因素影响,但目前针对FD患者焦虑障碍的研究主要集中于病理机制方面,针对其影响因素的研究相对较少,缺乏社会心理学相关因素与其关系的论述。
心理控制源的概念出自美国Rotter的社会学习理论,Wallston等人[4]在此基础上进行了发展,基于归因理论并结合心理健康的特点,提出了健康心理控制源,将外控型进一步细化,最终发展为健康内部控制型、健康权威人士控制型和健康机遇控制型三个维度。健康心理控制源倾向性不同的患者对疾病的应对方式不同,从而使其经历不同的情绪变化,对疾病的发展和康复产生重要的影响[5]。研究表明[6],健康外部控制型患者相对于健康内部控型患者,疾病接受度更低,偏向采取被动回避的应对方式,易产生消极情绪。Dopelt等人[7]研究显示,健康内部控型患者主观能动性较好,自我效能感高,心理健康状况较好。大量研究量化分析了不同疾病患者心理健康状态和健康心理控制源的关系,但研究结论不一致且鲜有针对FD患者探讨二者关系的内在逻辑。决策树作为非参数统计的一种方法,将各变量对结局指标的影响情况通过树状图直观的呈现出来,清晰展示了变量之间的交互作用[8],而logistic回归模型则体现了变量间的数量依存关系。因此本研究将决策树模型与logistic回归模型结合使用,以此来探讨FD患者焦虑障碍的危险因素,综合两种模型的分析结果,为改善FD患者心理健康状况,提高其生命质量提供理论依据。
本研究采用方便抽样的方法选取于2023年1月—2024年4月期间在新疆某两所三甲医院消化科进行治疗的符合纳入标准和排除标准的FD患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:自愿配合完成所有调查者;年龄>18 周岁者;能理解并独立完成问卷者;明确诊断为功能性消化不良者。排除标准:拒绝配合调查者;严重失语、失认、失聪无法完成调查者;有精神疾病病史者。本研究共发放问卷595份,剔除无效问卷后(作答时间低于60秒及规律作答等明显作答偏倚者),筛选出有效问卷537份,有效率90.2%。问卷发放及回收均经受试者同意。本研究已获得新疆医科大学伦理委员会批准(审批号:XJYKDXR20241011004)。
本研究使用自编的“功能性消化不良患者心理健康状况调查问卷”,对人口学特征(性别、年龄、受教育程度、职业、家庭收入)、胃肠症状、心理控制源倾向、尼平消化不良指数等进行了调查,并使用广泛性焦虑量表对焦虑症状进行评估。
该量表由Spitzer等人编制,量表包括7个条目,各条目采用0~3分评分[10],总分21分。在本研究中:GAD-7≥5分为焦虑组,GAD-7<5分为正常组。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.92。
该量表包括15个条目,各条目采用1~4分评分,总分60分,分数越高说明消化道症状越严重[11]。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.85。
该量表由Wallston等人[4]编制,量表包含3个分量表:健康内部控制、健康权威人士控制、健康机遇控制。量表共18个条目,各条目采用1~6分评分,三个分量表中得分最高的维度即为该患者的健康心理控制源类型[12]。三个分量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.80、0.75、0.83。
该量表包括5个维度,分别评估了患者情绪状态的影响情况、日常生活的干扰情况、饮食的影响情况、患者对疾病状态的认知情况、患者工作或者学习的影响情况。量表共10个条目,各条目采用1~5分评分,分数越高说明消化不良症状对生活质量的影响越严重[13]。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.88。
在本研究中,数据使用SPSS 26.0进行分析。正态计量资料用进行统计描述,非正态计量资料用中位数(四分位数)表示,正态性、方差齐的资料两组均数比较采用两独立样本t检验,不符合正态性、方差齐的则采用非参数检验方法进行统计分析;计数资料用频数及构成比进行统计描述,采用χ2检验进行统计分析。将单因素分析中有意义的因素纳入logistic回归模型和分类决策树模型。Logistic回归分析以是否焦虑为因变量,以8个单因素分析中有意义的变量为自变量(表1)。分类决策树模型采用CHAID算法进行。决策树是呈树形结构的分类和回归方法,由决策节点、分支和叶子组成,最上面的节点为根节点,每个分支是一个新的决策节点或者是树的叶子,代表一个测试输出,每个叶子节点代表一种可能的分类结果。由于随着决策树的生长,样本量不断减少,很可能出现“过拟合”现象,本研究采用预修剪技术来控制决策树的充分生长,最大树深度设置为3,父节点和子节点中最小样本含量分别为100和50,如果决策树的层数达到指定深度或分组后父节点、子节点样本量低于最小样本量,则停止生长。本研究绘制ROC曲线进行模型评价,分析并比较logistic回归模型和分类决策树模型间的差异。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
患者一般情况本研究共纳入537例患者。男性239人,占44.5%,女性298人,占55.5%;家庭收入3 001~5 000元的占39.7%;年龄41~60岁的占41.5%;受教育程度为高中及专科的占46.6%;职业为学生的占3%,退休的占42.6%。见表2
患者焦虑影响因素的单因素分析参与调查的537名FD患者中,检出有焦虑症状者246人,检出率为45.8%。单因素分析结果显示,两组FD患者的职业、胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制、情绪状态、日常生活、饮食状况、认知情况、工作学习状况差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。见表3
患者焦虑影响因素的logistic回归分析本研究以是否存在焦虑(0=否,1=是)为因变量,将职业、胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制、情绪状态、日常生活、饮食状况、认知情况、工作学习状况等单因素分析中P<0.05的变量纳入logistic回归分析。结果显示,国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员(OR=5.13,95% CI:1.031~25.529)、自由职业、无业、待业(OR=6.3,95% CI:1.291~30.749)、情绪状态越差(OR=1.167,95% CI:1.03~1.323)、胃肠症状越严重(OR=1.065,95% CI:1.037~1.095)、健康权威人士控制(OR=1.032,95% CI:1.006~1.06)与焦虑的高风险相关,均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。见表4
患者焦虑影响因素的决策树分析本研究中决策树生长为3层,共7个终末节点,筛选出的影响因素为:胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制和情绪状态。其中根节点是胃肠症状,表明胃肠症状与FD患者焦虑的相关性最高,胃肠症状得分>29分的FD患者中,焦虑占63.3%。胃肠症状得分在16~21分之间且健康权威人士控制得分>29分的FD患者焦虑发生的风险较高(48.5%)。见图1
结果比较两种模型的分析结果均显示,胃肠症状、健康权威人士控制和情绪状态是焦虑的影响因素。分别绘制两种模型的ROC曲线。两种模型的ROC曲线接近,说明两者的分类效果相似。见图2。但两种模型之间也有一些差异,logistic回归模型中的职业相关影响因素在分类决策树模型中被剔除。
Logistic回归模型的AUC为0.705(95% CI:0.662~0.749),灵敏度为84.6%,特异度为48.8%。分类决策树模型的AUC为0.717(95% CI:0.674~0.761),灵敏度为70.3%,特异度为63.6%。两种模型均P<0.05,表明两种模型的分类效果具有实际意义;且二者的AUC值均>0.7,说明两种模型的分类预测结果具有一定的准确性。总体来说,虽然两种模型的分类效果接近,但分类决策树模型的特异度高于logistic回归模型,灵敏度又低于logistic回归模型,因此将二者联合使用更有利于分析FD患者焦虑障碍的影响因素。见表5
FD由于其病程长、病情反复等特点,患者长期饱受消化道症状的折磨,不仅会面临生理健康的损害,同时也容易导致精神心理疾病的发生和社会功能受损。研究显示,FD患者大多会出现不同程度的负性心理反应,其中焦虑障碍较为常见[14]。国内外学者对FD患者心理障碍做了大量研究,研究证实其发生与多种危险因素有关,涉及到生理、心理以及社会因素等。
本研究主要采用logistic回归和决策树模型研究FD患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,研究发现,胃肠症状、职业、情绪状态、健康权威人士控制是FD患者焦虑障碍的影响因素,其中,胃肠症状对焦虑水平的影响最大。胃肠症状得分与患者精神心理因素密切相关,与Miwa等人研究相一致,患者负性情绪触发的情感反应激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、交感肾上腺-髓系统和调节神经内分泌系统,会诱导疾病的发生和病情的加重。同时胃肠道症状的加重又会在一定程度上加剧患者的负性情绪[16],如此反复最终形成一个恶性循环,影响患者的情绪状态。这提示医务人员应积极关注患者的心理健康状况,在诊治过程中考虑纳入精神心理方面的疏导,提高患者求救意识和治疗积极性,推动疾病状态改善,形成良性循环。
职业状态是确保人类生活,学习和工作的重要保障。本研究结果显示,职业是FD患者焦虑障碍的影响因素之一,与既往研究结果一致[17]。国家机关事业单位领导及工作人员工作竞争压力相对较大、工作应酬较多、饮食不规律、睡眠不足,这使机体长期处于一种高负荷的应激状态,更易致使其胃肠症状的加重,进而加重焦虑情绪。而自由职业、无业、待业患者由于工作状态不稳定,致使其经济收入较低或不稳定,疾病临床治疗负担较重,常伴精神敏感性症状[19],易引发焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪。因此对FD患者增加疾病认知、形成健康生活习惯、提高自我管理能力至关重要。
本研究结果显示,情绪状态是FD患者焦虑障碍的危险因素,这与张天等人[20]研究结果一致,即情绪状态不佳的患者对躯体疼痛更加敏感,容易夸大疾病的严重程度,过度担心自身健康,进而转化为焦虑、抑郁等情绪。Phillips等人[21]也得出相似的研究结果,在消极情绪状态下,食管的非疼痛性球囊扩张比在中性情绪状态下的感知更强烈,这些消化系统的不适信号会改变大脑的内脏疼痛处理、压力调节反应,从而导致焦虑和抑郁等情感变化。这提示医务人员在FD患者诊治过程中,应从病因、生理、病理、心理多维度分析其症状,多方面考虑定制治疗方案,精准施治,规避FD诱因、降低其风险因子,进而提高临床治疗效果,改善患者心理健康状态。
FD病程缓慢,如何帮助患者树立治疗信心,实现有效的疾病自我管理十分重要。本研究结果显示,FD患者健康权威人士控制得分最高,倾向于健康权威人士控制型,且是焦虑发生的危险因素。这与刘小庆等人[22]研究结果一致,即倾向于医生等健康权威人士控制的患者,对医护人员依赖性较强,自我能动性低、疾病掌控能力低,面对疾病易采用不成熟的应对方式,从而会加剧胃肠症状的恶化、加重焦虑情绪。Kasvikis等人[23]研究结果也显示,倾向于健康外部控制型的患者相对于健康内部控制型患者,面对疾病更多采取消极听任的应对方式,负性情绪较为明显。对FD患者应采取多种健康教育方式进行心理控制源干预,改善负性情绪,帮助其树立正确的健康观念,并促进健康行为的发展。
Logistic回归模型中职业这一具有统计学意义的因素并没有进入决策树模型,可能是由于样本量的原因,被每个节点的样本量及决策树的深度所限制,这些变量对焦虑的影响在更深层次的决策树上可能才会呈现。另一种原因或许是因为与其他变量相比,这一变量虽然对FD患者焦虑障碍有一定的影响,但作用相对较弱,在进行数据分析时误把其作为干扰因素剔除。另外,本研究通过对比两者的ROC曲线可观察到两种模型的分类预测效果差别不大,但两者检测重点不同,各有利弊,若将两种模型结合使用,通过联合建模可实现优势互补,增强预测性能。因此,本研究建议未来在影响因素的分析中,应综合运用两种模型使其优势得以充分发挥。
本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先,FD患者焦虑障碍仅采用量表进行测量,结局指标仅指患者焦虑的情绪问题,并且都是通过自我报告问卷获得的,这可能会存在回忆偏差;其次,本研究是横断面研究设计,与队列研究设计相比不能准确确定因果关系;最后,本研究抽样方法为方便抽样,存在偏倚使样本量的代表性不足,未来的研究应进行更大规模、设计更完善的研究,为改善FD患者焦虑情绪提供理论依据。
  • “十四五”新疆维吾尔自治区高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407449
  • 接收时间:2024-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24
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“十四五”新疆维吾尔自治区高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
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    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830000
    2.新疆医科大学第一附属医院消化病一科
    3.新疆医科大学第六附属医院消化科

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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