Article(id=1241065983482327825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728489600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822788353, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822788353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822788353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822788353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241065978004557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822787047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823194927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=703, endPage=708, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241065983813677850, articleId=1241065983482327825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the relationship between pain and sleep and the mediating role of daily mobility and life satisfaction in our older patients with chronic diseases, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the complex relationship between pain, ability to perform daily activities, life satisfaction and sleep in older patients with chronic diseases, and to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies to improve their sleep.

Methods

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020, this study selected patients with chronic diseases aged 60 years and above as the study subjects, and screened out the sample size of 8 591 that met the criteria.T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the univariate analyses, and PROCESS 4.2 was used for the mediation effect analyses and tests.

Results

Pain in older adults was negatively correlated with sleep duration (r=-0.197) and life satisfaction (r= -0.132), and positively correlated with ability to perform daily activities (r=0.292). The mediation test reported that pain in older adults had a direct effect on sleep duration (95% CI: -0.082--0.057), with ability to perform daily activities (95% CI: -0.015--0.017) and life satisfaction (95% CI: -0.005-0.002) acting as chained mediators between the two.

Conclusion

When improving the health management of older patients with chronic diseases, there is a need to focus on pain, daily mobility and life satisfaction in order to develop more effective intervention strategies.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-xu LIU, Li LUO, Guo-qi FU, Yu-lin CHAI, Cai-ling XUE, Qi SONG, Jin ZHANG, Sheng LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241065986313483086, articleId=1241065983482327825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国老年慢性病患者疼痛与睡眠的关系及日常活动能力和生活满意度的中介作用研究, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨老年慢性病患者疼痛、日常活动能力、生活满意度与睡眠之间的复杂关系,为改善其睡眠提供新的视角与干预策略。

方法

本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取60岁及以上的慢性病患者作为研究对象,筛选出符合标准样本量为8 591。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析进行单因素分析,使用 PROCESS 4.2 进行中介效应分析及检验。

结果

老年人疼痛与睡眠时长(r=-0.196)和生活满意度(r=-0.132)存在负相关,与日常活动能力(r=0.292)呈正相关。中介检验报告显示,老年人疼痛对睡眠时长有直接效应(95% CI:-0.082~-0.057),日常活动能力(95% CI:-0.015~-0.007)和生活满意度(95% CI:-0.005~-0.002)在两者之间发挥链式中介作用。

结论

在改善老年慢性病患者健康管理时,需重点关注疼痛、日常活动能力与生活满意度,以制定更有效的干预策略。

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罗盛,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZCdmFTX0WqGhgO5HTvZCIg==, magXml=YBkJcf2LoIMol08XVQUqFg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+zpPxKOOBiq6yeUPLNHrYQ==, pdfFileSize=740163, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vQuIta7NUZW6/0gRsu4zrg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=b/BYJKw8QO/Yht8XTo/gGA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘彦旭(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理、社会保障、社会医学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The influencing factors and depression status of the disabled elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241065995608060259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, awardId=ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG027, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG027), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241065995725500779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, awardId=2022RKY07010, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241065995851329904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, awardId=SDYJSJGC2023067, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241065986535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065986544169821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, companyId=1241065986535781212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065986548364126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, companyId=1241065986535781212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241065986665804644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065986674193253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, companyId=1241065986665804644, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.潍坊市人民医院医保办)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241065986787439473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065986795828082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, companyId=1241065986787439473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 山东第二医科大学继续教育学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241065992323920093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of sample inclusion, figureFileSmall=5g5LFrlh2YaSWg8BXSNI/Q==, figureFileBig=vQuIta7NUZW6/0gRsu4zrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065992416194789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纳入流程图, figureFileSmall=5g5LFrlh2YaSWg8BXSNI/Q==, figureFileBig=vQuIta7NUZW6/0gRsu4zrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065992659464435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=A chain-mediated model of pain on sleep duration, figureFileSmall=yBXaoPmtteo4sLoC0H18QQ==, figureFileBig=vsE/gBEaw8a4diBRxfyYZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065992768516343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=图2, caption=疼痛对睡眠时长的链式中介模型

注:*** P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=yBXaoPmtteo4sLoC0H18QQ==, figureFileBig=vsE/gBEaw8a4diBRxfyYZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065992894345474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Control Variable Assignment Table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
年龄60-69=1,70-79=2,80及以上=3
性别女性=0,男性=1
婚姻其他=0,已婚=1
居住地城市=0,农村=1
饮酒否=0,是=1
吸烟否=0,是=1
锻炼否=0,是=1
医疗保险否=0,是=1
养老保险否=0,是=1
与子女关系不满意和无子女=0,满意=1
慢病数量患有1种=1,患有2种=2,患有3种=3,患有4种及以上=4
受教育程度小学及以下=1,小学=2,中学=3,高中及以上=4
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992999203083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

控制变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
年龄60-69=1,70-79=2,80及以上=3
性别女性=0,男性=1
婚姻其他=0,已婚=1
居住地城市=0,农村=1
饮酒否=0,是=1
吸烟否=0,是=1
锻炼否=0,是=1
医疗保险否=0,是=1
养老保险否=0,是=1
与子女关系不满意和无子女=0,满意=1
慢病数量患有1种=1,患有2种=2,患有3种=3,患有4种及以上=4
受教育程度小学及以下=1,小学=2,中学=3,高中及以上=4
), ArticleFig(id=1241065993137615128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differences in sleep duration among older chronically ill patients with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别n(%) t/FP
年龄(岁)60~694 827(56.19)5.90±1.88
70~793 054(35.55)5.87±2.110.3370.714
≥80710(8.26)5.85±2.35
性别女性4 563(52.80)5.63±2.09-12.514<0.001
男性4 055(47.20)6.17±1.88
婚姻其他1 772(20.63)5.95±2.20-6.466<0.001
已婚6 819(79.37)5.96±1.95
居住地城市3 441(40.05)5.86±1.80-0.9090.363
农村5 150(59.95)5.90±2.13
饮酒5 837(67.94)5.84±2.07-2.9680.003
2 754(32.06)5.98±1.86
吸烟6 542(76.15)5.79±2.03-7.954<0.001
2 049(23.85)6.18±1.89
锻炼1 003(11.68)5.76±2.37-1.8470.065
7 588(88.32)5.90±1.95
医疗保险383(4.46)6.04±2.371.2840.200
8 208(95.54)5.88±1.99
养老保险1 093(12.72)5.86±2.06-4.4840.628
7 498(87.28)5.89±2.00
与子女关系不满意512(5.96)5.45±2.22-4.599<0.001
满意8 079(94.04)5.91±1.99
慢病数量12 047(23.83)6.19±1.98
22 067(24.06)6.03±1.9438.752<0.001
31 625(18.91)5.84±1.96
≥42 852(33.20)5.59±2.06
受教育程度小学以下4 363(50.79)5.77±2.20
小学1 816(21.14)5.96±1.9311.800<0.001
中学1 450(16.88)6.03±1.73
高中及以上962(11.20)6.06±1.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241065993238278435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征老年慢性病患者的睡眠时长差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别n(%) t/FP
年龄(岁)60~694 827(56.19)5.90±1.88
70~793 054(35.55)5.87±2.110.3370.714
≥80710(8.26)5.85±2.35
性别女性4 563(52.80)5.63±2.09-12.514<0.001
男性4 055(47.20)6.17±1.88
婚姻其他1 772(20.63)5.95±2.20-6.466<0.001
已婚6 819(79.37)5.96±1.95
居住地城市3 441(40.05)5.86±1.80-0.9090.363
农村5 150(59.95)5.90±2.13
饮酒5 837(67.94)5.84±2.07-2.9680.003
2 754(32.06)5.98±1.86
吸烟6 542(76.15)5.79±2.03-7.954<0.001
2 049(23.85)6.18±1.89
锻炼1 003(11.68)5.76±2.37-1.8470.065
7 588(88.32)5.90±1.95
医疗保险383(4.46)6.04±2.371.2840.200
8 208(95.54)5.88±1.99
养老保险1 093(12.72)5.86±2.06-4.4840.628
7 498(87.28)5.89±2.00
与子女关系不满意512(5.96)5.45±2.22-4.599<0.001
满意8 079(94.04)5.91±1.99
慢病数量12 047(23.83)6.19±1.98
22 067(24.06)6.03±1.9438.752<0.001
31 625(18.91)5.84±1.96
≥42 852(33.20)5.59±2.06
受教育程度小学以下4 363(50.79)5.77±2.20
小学1 816(21.14)5.96±1.9311.800<0.001
中学1 450(16.88)6.03±1.73
高中及以上962(11.20)6.06±1.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241065993343136043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of correlation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量疼痛数睡眠时长日常活动能力生活满意度
疼痛数1.000
睡眠时长-0.196a1.000
日常活动能力0.292a-0.145a1.000
生活满意度-0.132a0.111a-0.150a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241065993481548080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

相关性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量疼痛数睡眠时长日常活动能力生活满意度
疼痛数1.000
睡眠时长-0.196a1.000
日常活动能力0.292a-0.145a1.000
生活满意度-0.132a0.111a-0.150a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995008274751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of mediation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型一 日常活动能力模型二 生活满意度模型三 睡眠时长
βS.E.tβS.E.tβS.E.t
常量0.9440.0999.539a2.6320.04460.221a5.4150.13539.978a
疼痛0.1220.00522.345a-0.0160.002-6.482a-0.070.006-10.878a
日常活动能力-0.0420.002-8.757a-0.0880.012-7.126a
生活满意度0.190.0286.760a
性别0.1630.0473.496a0.0030.0210.140.3670.0536.891a
婚姻-0.140.047-3.008b-0.0120.02-0.5720.2050.0533.855a
饮酒-0.1620.043-3.766a-0.0010.019-0.066-0.1680.049-3.415a
吸烟-0.1720.049-3.499a-0.0210.022-0.9460.1080.0561.92
与子女关系-0.5950.078-7.625a0.9330.03427.125a0.050.0930.538
患慢病数0.1420.0168.650a-0.0330.007-4.540a-0.0880.019-4.680a
受教育程度-0.1060.018-5.742a-0.0350.008-4.357a-0.0020.021-0.109
R20.1090.1120.067
F130.950a119.941a61.388a
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995159269704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型一 日常活动能力模型二 生活满意度模型三 睡眠时长
βS.E.tβS.E.tβS.E.t
常量0.9440.0999.539a2.6320.04460.221a5.4150.13539.978a
疼痛0.1220.00522.345a-0.0160.002-6.482a-0.070.006-10.878a
日常活动能力-0.0420.002-8.757a-0.0880.012-7.126a
生活满意度0.190.0286.760a
性别0.1630.0473.496a0.0030.0210.140.3670.0536.891a
婚姻-0.140.047-3.008b-0.0120.02-0.5720.2050.0533.855a
饮酒-0.1620.043-3.766a-0.0010.019-0.066-0.1680.049-3.415a
吸烟-0.1720.049-3.499a-0.0210.022-0.9460.1080.0561.92
与子女关系-0.5950.078-7.625a0.9330.03427.125a0.050.0930.538
患慢病数0.1420.0168.650a-0.0330.007-4.540a-0.0880.019-4.680a
受教育程度-0.1060.018-5.742a-0.0350.008-4.357a-0.0020.021-0.109
R20.1090.1120.067
F130.950a119.941a61.388a
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995289293132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Significance test of mediation effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径关系效应值S.E.95% CI效应量(%)
直接效应疼痛 → 睡眠时长-0.0700.006(-0.082~-0.057)82.58
中介效应疼痛→日常活动能力→睡眠时长-0.0110.002(-0.015~-0.007)12.68
疼痛→生活满意度→睡眠时长-0.0030.001(-0.005~-0.002)3.56
疼痛→日常活动能力→生活满意度→睡眠时长-0.0010.000(-0.001~-0.001)1.18
总中介效应-0.0190.002(-0.019~-0.011)17.42
总效应疼痛 → 睡眠时长-0.0840.006(-0.097~-0.072)100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241065995427705175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065983482327825, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介效应显著性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径关系效应值S.E.95% CI效应量(%)
直接效应疼痛 → 睡眠时长-0.0700.006(-0.082~-0.057)82.58
中介效应疼痛→日常活动能力→睡眠时长-0.0110.002(-0.015~-0.007)12.68
疼痛→生活满意度→睡眠时长-0.0030.001(-0.005~-0.002)3.56
疼痛→日常活动能力→生活满意度→睡眠时长-0.0010.000(-0.001~-0.001)1.18
总中介效应-0.0190.002(-0.019~-0.011)17.42
总效应疼痛 → 睡眠时长-0.0840.006(-0.097~-0.072)100.00
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我国老年慢性病患者疼痛与睡眠的关系及日常活动能力和生活满意度的中介作用研究
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刘彦旭 1 , 罗莉 2 , 付国琪 1 , 柴钰霖 1 , 薛彩玲 1 , 宋琦 1 , 张锦 3 , 罗盛 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(4): 703-708
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(4): 703-708
我国老年慢性病患者疼痛与睡眠的关系及日常活动能力和生活满意度的中介作用研究
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刘彦旭1, 罗莉2, 付国琪1, 柴钰霖1, 薛彩玲1, 宋琦1, 张锦3, 罗盛1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.潍坊市人民医院医保办
  • 3. 山东第二医科大学继续教育学院
  • 刘彦旭(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理、社会保障、社会医学

通讯作者:

罗盛,E-mail:
A study of the relationship between pain and sleep and the mediating role of daily mobility and life satisfaction in our older patients with chronic diseases
Yan-xu LIU1, Li LUO2, Guo-qi FU1, Yu-lin CHAI1, Cai-ling XUE1, Qi SONG1, Jin ZHANG3, Sheng LUO1
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410094
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目的

探讨老年慢性病患者疼痛、日常活动能力、生活满意度与睡眠之间的复杂关系,为改善其睡眠提供新的视角与干预策略。

方法

本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,选取60岁及以上的慢性病患者作为研究对象,筛选出符合标准样本量为8 591。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析进行单因素分析,使用 PROCESS 4.2 进行中介效应分析及检验。

结果

老年人疼痛与睡眠时长(r=-0.196)和生活满意度(r=-0.132)存在负相关,与日常活动能力(r=0.292)呈正相关。中介检验报告显示,老年人疼痛对睡眠时长有直接效应(95% CI:-0.082~-0.057),日常活动能力(95% CI:-0.015~-0.007)和生活满意度(95% CI:-0.005~-0.002)在两者之间发挥链式中介作用。

结论

在改善老年慢性病患者健康管理时,需重点关注疼痛、日常活动能力与生活满意度,以制定更有效的干预策略。

疼痛  /  睡眠  /  日常活动能力  /  生活满意度  /  慢性病
Objective

To explore the complex relationship between pain, ability to perform daily activities, life satisfaction and sleep in older patients with chronic diseases, and to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies to improve their sleep.

Methods

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020, this study selected patients with chronic diseases aged 60 years and above as the study subjects, and screened out the sample size of 8 591 that met the criteria.T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the univariate analyses, and PROCESS 4.2 was used for the mediation effect analyses and tests.

Results

Pain in older adults was negatively correlated with sleep duration (r=-0.197) and life satisfaction (r= -0.132), and positively correlated with ability to perform daily activities (r=0.292). The mediation test reported that pain in older adults had a direct effect on sleep duration (95% CI: -0.082--0.057), with ability to perform daily activities (95% CI: -0.015--0.017) and life satisfaction (95% CI: -0.005-0.002) acting as chained mediators between the two.

Conclusion

When improving the health management of older patients with chronic diseases, there is a need to focus on pain, daily mobility and life satisfaction in order to develop more effective intervention strategies.

Pain  /  Sleep  /  Activity of daily living  /  Life satisfaction  /  Chronic diseases
刘彦旭, 罗莉, 付国琪, 柴钰霖, 薛彩玲, 宋琦, 张锦, 罗盛. 我国老年慢性病患者疼痛与睡眠的关系及日常活动能力和生活满意度的中介作用研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (4) : 703 -708 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410094
Yan-xu LIU, Li LUO, Guo-qi FU, Yu-lin CHAI, Cai-ling XUE, Qi SONG, Jin ZHANG, Sheng LUO. A study of the relationship between pain and sleep and the mediating role of daily mobility and life satisfaction in our older patients with chronic diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (4) : 703 -708 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410094
随着人口老龄化加剧,慢性非传染性疾病的患病率不断上升,已成为我国主要的死亡和疾病负担的来源[1]。慢性病的高发使得老年人面临着严重的疼痛问题,超过三分之二的老年人遭受疼痛困扰[2]。患有疼痛的人常伴有睡眠问题,如睡眠时间缩短或睡眠质量下降[3],且容易出现失眠[4]。研究表明[5],与没有疼痛的人相比,疼痛患者睡眠问题的概率高达 70% 或更高。长期的疼痛不仅会导致睡眠不足,还会引发一系列身体和情绪上的并发症[6],其对睡眠的负面影响显著。
研究表明,人类约有三分之一的时间用于睡眠,良好睡眠对身体健康至关重要[7]。然而疼痛并非影响睡眠的唯一因素,日常活动能力作为衡量身体活动的重要指标[8],和生活满意度作为评估幸福感的重要指标[9],在这一过程中均发挥重要作用。疼痛常导致活动受限,影响个体独立性和生活质量[10],而日常活动能力的下降会进一步影响睡眠[11],此外生活质量和生活满意度较低的老年人往往会由于心理和生理状态的双重压力下经历更严重的睡眠问题[12]
综上,尽管国内外学者们对疼痛、日常活动能力、生活满意度和睡眠的研究探讨,但大多数集中在两者或三者之间的相互作用,缺乏对这四者之间复杂关系的系统性研究;此外目前关于老年慢性病群体的相关研究仍较为匮乏。因此,本研究将以老年慢性病患者为对象,旨在探讨疼痛、日常活动能力、生活满意度与睡眠时长之间的复杂关系,为改善老年慢性病患者的睡眠提供新的视角和干预策略,促进他们的身心健康和生活质量的提升。
本研究基于2020年最新的中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,其获得了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准,(IRB00001052-11015)。研究对象为60岁及以上、且报告患有至少一种慢性病。问卷中所涉及的慢性病包括:高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、癌症、慢性肺部疾病、肝脏疾病、心脏病、中风、肾脏疾病、胃部或消化系统疾病、精神情感问题、记忆有关疾病、帕金森症、关节炎或风湿、哮喘 15 种慢性病。最终筛选8 591个样本。具体筛选过程如图1所示。
本研究选取老年慢性病患者睡眠时长为因变量,以探讨其与疼痛之间的关系,并进一步探讨日常活动能力和生活满意度作为中介变量的作用机制。
本研究的核心自变量为疼痛。CHARLS询问了受访者15种可能疼痛的部位(包括头部、肩膀、手臂、手腕、手指、胸、胃、背、腰、臀部、腿、膝盖、脚踝、脚趾、脖子)。受试者每报告一个疼痛部位,即计1分,总分范围为0~15分。得分越高表明受访者疼痛数越多[13]
本研究的因变量是睡眠时长,CHARLS通过询问受访者“过去一个月内,平均每天晚上真正睡着的时长大约是几小时”确定睡眠时长。
本研究的中介变量包括日常活动能力和生活满意度。CHARLS中日常活动能力(Activity of daily living,ADL)通过使用Katz量表来测量,包括洗澡、穿衣、如厕、上下床、吃饭、控制大小便共6个项目[14]。受试者根据自身情况对每项活动进行自我评估,分为四个等级:“无困难”、“有困难但仍可独立完成”、“有困难且需要协助”以及“完全无法完成”,分别赋值0、1、2、3。总分范围为0~18分,得分越高说明日常生活活动能力障碍越严重。生活满意度通过询问受访者“总体来看,您对自己的生活感到满意吗?”,回答“极其满意”、“非常满意”、“比较满意”、“不太满意”以及“一点也不满意”,分别赋值5、4、3、2、1[15]。得分越高代表生活满意度越高。
本研究根据相关文献[16]和结合实际,选取了多项关键人口学特征作为控制变量,包括年龄、性别、婚姻、居住地、饮酒、吸烟、锻炼、有无医疗保险和养老保险、与子女关系、慢病数量以及受教育程度。各变量具体赋值见表1
使用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以()表示;计数资料使用构成比和率表示。采用t检验或方差分析比较不同特征老年慢性病患者睡眠时长的差异,采用Pearson相关分析探讨疼痛与睡眠、生活满意度、日常活动能力的相关关系,利用SPSS中Hayes编制的插件PROCESS(version 4.2)中的Model 6进行中介效应检验,检验水准α=0.05。
在8 591名研究对象中,平均睡眠时长为5.89±2.01小时,其中女性4 563人(52.8%),男性4 055人(47.2%),79.37%已婚,居住在农村的有5 150人(59.95%),城市的3 441人(40.05%),在生活方式方面,大多数研究对象5 837人(67.94%)不喝酒及6 542人(76.15%)不吸烟,绝大多数人锻炼,占88.32%,95.54%的研究对象拥有医疗保险,87.28%的拥有养老保险,超94%的老人表示和子女关系满意,研究对象中患有有2种及以上慢病的老人达76.17%,研究对象的教育程度普遍偏低,小学及以下的有4 363人(50.79%)。(见表2)。
t检验或方差分析比较结果显示老年慢性病患者的睡眠时长在不同性别、婚姻状况、吸烟饮酒、与子女关系、慢病数量及教育水平方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并将其作为协变量纳入回归模型。(见表2)。
在8 591名老年人中,疼痛与睡眠时长(r=-0.196)、生活满意度得分(r=-0.132)均呈现负相关,与日常活动能力呈正相关(r=0.292);日常活动能力和生活满意度(r=-0.150)呈负相关,与睡眠时长呈现负相关(r=-0.145);生活满意度与睡眠时长呈现正相关(r=0.111),所有相关性均具有统计学显著性(P<0.01)。具体见表3
本研究在控制性别、婚姻、现在是否喝酒、现在是否吸烟、与子女关系、慢病数量和受教育程度基础上,以疼痛数为自变量,将睡眠时长作为因变量,分析日常活动能力、生活满意度在老年慢性病患者疼痛和睡眠时长的链式中介作用。结果显示,疼痛负向预测生活满意度(β=-0.016)和睡眠时长(β=-0.070),正向预测日常活动能力(β=0.122);日常活动能力负向预测生活满意度(β=-0.042)和睡眠时长(β=-0.088);生活满意度正向预测睡眠时长(β=0.190),所有结果均具有统计学显著性(P<0.001)。具体见表4
中介效应检验结果显示,疼痛对睡眠时长的直接效应有统计学意义(95% CI:-0.082~-0.057),占总效应的82.58%;日常活动能力在疼痛和睡眠时长的中介效应中有统计学意义(95% CI:-0.015~-0.007),占总效应的12.68%。生活满意度在疼痛和睡眠时长的中介效应中有统计学意义(95% CI:-0.005~-0.002),占总效应的3.56%;日常活动能力、生活满意度在疼痛数和睡眠时长的中介效应中有统计学意义(95% CI: -0.019~-0.011),占总效应的17.42%。具体见表5
本研究探讨了疼痛对老年慢性病患者睡眠时长的影响,并分析了日常活动能力和生活满意度在这一关系中的链式中介作用。结果显示,疼痛与睡眠时长之间存在显著负相关关系,且日常活动能力和生活满意度在疼痛与睡眠时长的关系中起到链式中介作用,这为改善老年慢性病患者的健康提供了新的视角和干预策略。
研究显示,疼痛部位数与睡眠时长之间存在呈显著负相关关系,且疼痛部位数越多,睡眠时长越短。这结果与既有研究一致[17],疼痛不仅对生理功能构成负担,还显著影响睡眠。从生理机制的角度来看,疼痛主要通过中枢神经系统的调节与睡眠之间存在相互作用。研究表明[18],疼痛感知信号通过脊髓将外周的有害刺激信号传递至大脑,影响神经递质的释放,进而干扰睡眠。当疼痛部位数增加时,疼痛信号可能会叠加,增强对大脑的刺激,来自不同部位的信号可能导致更广泛的神经活动,进而加剧对睡眠的负面影响,从而减少睡眠时长。此外,相关研究指出疼痛导致患者入睡延迟和夜间觉醒的增加,进一步影响睡眠质量[19],这种影响在多个疼痛部位的情况下可能更加显著,导致更频繁的觉醒和更难以恢复的睡眠状态。de la Vega等人[20]研究表明,多个疼痛部位的患者通常报告较差的睡眠,这会直接影响其睡眠时长。
本研究的中介效应分析揭示了疼痛对睡眠时长影响的复杂机制。首先日常活动能力作为中介变量,其作用显著。疼痛是导致老年人失能的常见原因之一,进而影响他们的日常活动能力。研究表明疼痛不仅使老年人无法独立完成日常生活活动,还可能加剧身体机能衰退,形成恶性循环,影响睡眠[21]。其次,生活满意度作为测量生活质量和主观幸福感的重要因素[22],其中介效应同样显著。研究显示,疼痛与他们的生活满意度呈负相关,与以往研究结果一致[23]。当老年人经历疼痛时,其生活质量和满意度往往显著下降,心理压力和负面情绪增多,从而影响睡眠[24]。进一步的链式中介模型揭示了日常活动能力和生活满意度在疼痛与睡眠时长关系中的递进作用。疼痛通过限制日常活动能力,进而影响老年人的生活满意度。相较于活动受限的个体,拥有正常日常活动能力的老年人通常表现出较高的生活满意度。生活满意度的下降进一步影响睡眠时长。此链式路径强调了日常活动能力与生活满意度在其之间的作用,在全面理解疼痛对老年人健康的多维度影响时,需综合考虑生理与心理层面的因素。
管理慢性病老年患者时,应采取综合措施,不仅依赖药物治疗,还应重视其日常活动能力和生活满意度的提高。政府应加强精神卫生建设,完善健康政策,并积极推动健康生活理念的普及[25]。社区和村委会也应加强对患有慢病或失能老人的关怀,提供及时的服务并增强心理咨询的可及性[26]。家庭成员应给予老人更多的支持,鼓励其积极参与适度的身体活动和康复训练等,养成良好的行为习惯,以减少他们的孤独感及负面情绪[27]
综上,疼痛对老年慢性病患者睡眠时长产生了显著的负面影响,且日常活动能力与生活满意度在其发挥了中介作用。未来的研究应进一步继续探索这一关系,为改善老年人的健康提供更为有效的干预策略。
本研究存在一些局限性。一是,研究采用的是横断面数据,难以明确因果关系,未来可使用纵向数据追踪不同时间点的变化;二是,本研究中睡眠时长由受访者自我报告,可能存在偏差。
  • 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG027)
  • 山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010)
  • 山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410094
  • 接收时间:2024-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10
基金
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG027)
山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010)
山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.潍坊市人民医院医保办
    3. 山东第二医科大学继续教育学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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