Article(id=1241065980122690267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726675200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822787551, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822787551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822787551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822787551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241065978004557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822787047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823194927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=660, endPage=666, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241065981838160612, articleId=1241065980122690267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Vulnerability of health poverty and influencing factors among depressed population in rural Ningxia in the post-poverty alleviation era, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the vulnerability and influencing factors of health poverty among depressed people in rural Ningxia and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the governance and implementation of health poverty prevention.

Methods

Based on the 2022 health data survey of depressed people in rural Ningxia, 13 evaluation indicators related to the depressed population were selected from the four dimensions of personal characteristics, health level, health services and living environment of depressed populations, and the main influencing factors were identified through binary logit regression analysis, and the results were quantitatively estimated by Shapley decomposition method.

Results

8.49% of the depressed population was at risk of health poverty vulnerability, and age, number of permanent family residents, and per capita housing area were the main influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability. The results of Shapley's decomposition showed that age (28.63%) contributed the most to it.

Conclusion

The influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in rural Ningxia are multidimensional and complex.In order to prevent more depressed people from falling into health poverty, the local government should improve the living environment of depressed people, pay attention to the health status of the elderly and those with large families, and improve their medical and health services and medical security system, so as to reduce the health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in Ningxia.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fei LI, Hao-dong MENG, Juan YANG, Shan LIU, Hui QIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241065986728719210, articleId=1241065980122690267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=后扶贫时代宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素,为推动健康防贫治理与实施提供理论依据。

方法

基于宁夏农村抑郁人群2022年健康数据调查,从抑郁人群的个人特征、健康水平、卫生服务、生活环境四个维度出发,选取与之相关的13个评价指标对宁夏农村抑郁人群的健康贫困脆弱性进行综合评价,通过二元logit回归分析找出其主要的影响因素,并通过Shapley分解法对结果进行量化估计。

结果

有8.49%的抑郁人群面临健康贫困脆弱的风险,年龄、家庭常住人口数、人均住房面积是健康贫困脆弱性的主要影响因素。Shapley分解结果显示,年龄(28.63%)对其贡献度最大。

结论

宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性的影响因素多维复杂,为防止更多抑郁人群陷入健康贫困脆弱,当地政府应改善抑郁人群的生活环境,注重老年人群和家庭规模较大人群的健康状况,完善其医疗卫生服务和医疗保障制度,以降低宁夏抑郁人群的健康贫困脆弱性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
乔慧,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pztuJ7uaxKGQUK21R87grg==, magXml=xq02TK8f7sGpiIWMVq7Puw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xkhUp2zMdpBzN4SEnNdPfA==, pdfFileSize=929326, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TaX4g1M6ghGRefjpRtIITg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aYu3lygZKsl+0dX8YiJF3g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李飞(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:健康统计与卫生服务研究

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李飞(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:健康统计与卫生服务研究

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The impact of participating in basic medical insurance on depression scores of rural middle-aged and elderlypeople: Empirical analysis based on the CFPS data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241066001639469660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=48, authorNames=王琳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王琳.健康多维贫困视角下政府卫生支出对农村中老年居民的减贫效应研究[D].北京:中央财经大学,2022., articleTitle=健康多维贫困视角下政府卫生支出对农村中老年居民的减贫效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241066001714967134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Wang L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang L. Poverrty reduction effect of government health expenditure on middle-aged elderly rural residentsfrom the perspective of multidimensional health poverty[D]. Beijing: Central University of Finance and Economics, 2022. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Poverrty reduction effect of government health expenditure on middle-aged elderly rural residentsfrom the perspective of multidimensional health poverty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241066001794658914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=69, issue=42, pageStart=1535, pageEnd=1541, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Dasgupta S, Bowen VB, Leidner A, journalName=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dasgupta S, Bowen VB, Leidner A, et al. Association between social vulnerability and a county’s risk for becoming a COVID-19 hotspot-United States, June 1-July 25, 2020[J]. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2020, 69(42): 1535-1541., articleTitle=Association between social vulnerability and a county’s risk for becoming a COVID-19 hotspot-United States, June 1-July 25, 2020, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241065992797876474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, awardId=72164033, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(72164033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241065992932094212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, awardId=72364031, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241065987005543293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065987039097729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, companyId=1241065987005543293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065987043292033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, companyId=1241065987005543293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川市 750004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241065987156538251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241065987160732558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, companyId=1241065987156538251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241065991732523179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Shapley decomposition results of influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability, figureFileSmall=++qWSFaG3FIjBc193zHfEA==, figureFileBig=TaX4g1M6ghGRefjpRtIITg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065991828992178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=CN, label=图1, caption=健康贫困脆弱性影响因素的Shapley分解结果, figureFileSmall=++qWSFaG3FIjBc193zHfEA==, figureFileBig=TaX4g1M6ghGRefjpRtIITg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241065992059678919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Interval distribution of health poverty vulnerability index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区间样本数/个均值标准差比例/%
[0,0.25]8330.1010.07067.34
(0.25,0.50]2990.3470.07024.17
(0.50,0.75]980.6000.0617.92
(0.75,1]70.8040.0390.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992185508048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

健康贫困脆弱性指数的区间分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区间样本数/个均值标准差比例/%
[0,0.25]8330.1010.07067.34
(0.25,0.50]2990.3470.07024.17
(0.50,0.75]980.6000.0617.92
(0.75,1]70.8040.0390.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992286171352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Single-factor Chi-square test of vulnerability to health poverty[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数是否处于健康贫困脆弱χ2P
个人特征
性别5.5720.018
525(42.4)469(41.4)56(53.3)
712(57.6)663(58.6)49(46.7)
年龄(岁)111.996<0.001
≤60657(53.1)653(57.7)4(3.8)
>60580(46.9)479(42.3)101(96.2)
婚姻状况11.495<0.001
未在婚189(15.3)161(14.2)28(26.7)
在婚1 048(84.7)971(85.8)77(73.3)
文化程度49.969<0.001
文盲618(50.0)531(46.9)87(82.9)
小学421(34.0)407(36.0)14(13.3)
初中153(12.4)150(13.3)3(2.9)
高中及以上45(3.6)44(3.9)1(1.0)
近1年是否外出打工0.4720.492
1 179(95.3)1 077(95.1)102(97.1)
58(4.7)55(4.9)3(2.9)
家庭常住人口数(人)100.260<0.001
≤3723(58.4)710(62.7)13(12.4)
>3514(41.6)422(37.3)92(87.6)
健康水平
自评健康状况34.083<0.001
423(34.2)361(31.9)62(59.0)
一般487(39.4)455(40.2)32(30.5)
327(26.4)316(27.9)11(10.5)
是否患有慢性病8.3750.004
481(38.9)454(40.1)27(25.7)
756(61.1)678(59.9)78(74.3)
近1年是否进行健康体检3.4140.065
444(35.9)415(36.7)29(27.6)
793(64.1)717(63.3)76(72.4)
卫生服务
是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险37.051<0.001
14(1.1)6(0.5)8(7.6)
1 223(98.9)1 126(99.5)97(92.4)
到最近村卫生室所需要的时间(分钟)1.2930.256
≤10971(78.5)885(78.1)87(82.9)
>10266(21.5)248(21.9)18(17.1)
生活环境
饮水类型是否为自来水9.9220.002
62(5.0)50(4.4)12(11.4)
1 175(95.0)1 082(95.6)93(88.6)
人均住房面积(m286.501<0.001
≤30692(55.9)588(51.9)104(99.0)
>30545(44.1)544(48.1)1(1.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992407806180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康贫困脆弱性的单因素χ2检验表[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数是否处于健康贫困脆弱χ2P
个人特征
性别5.5720.018
525(42.4)469(41.4)56(53.3)
712(57.6)663(58.6)49(46.7)
年龄(岁)111.996<0.001
≤60657(53.1)653(57.7)4(3.8)
>60580(46.9)479(42.3)101(96.2)
婚姻状况11.495<0.001
未在婚189(15.3)161(14.2)28(26.7)
在婚1 048(84.7)971(85.8)77(73.3)
文化程度49.969<0.001
文盲618(50.0)531(46.9)87(82.9)
小学421(34.0)407(36.0)14(13.3)
初中153(12.4)150(13.3)3(2.9)
高中及以上45(3.6)44(3.9)1(1.0)
近1年是否外出打工0.4720.492
1 179(95.3)1 077(95.1)102(97.1)
58(4.7)55(4.9)3(2.9)
家庭常住人口数(人)100.260<0.001
≤3723(58.4)710(62.7)13(12.4)
>3514(41.6)422(37.3)92(87.6)
健康水平
自评健康状况34.083<0.001
423(34.2)361(31.9)62(59.0)
一般487(39.4)455(40.2)32(30.5)
327(26.4)316(27.9)11(10.5)
是否患有慢性病8.3750.004
481(38.9)454(40.1)27(25.7)
756(61.1)678(59.9)78(74.3)
近1年是否进行健康体检3.4140.065
444(35.9)415(36.7)29(27.6)
793(64.1)717(63.3)76(72.4)
卫生服务
是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险37.051<0.001
14(1.1)6(0.5)8(7.6)
1 223(98.9)1 126(99.5)97(92.4)
到最近村卫生室所需要的时间(分钟)1.2930.256
≤10971(78.5)885(78.1)87(82.9)
>10266(21.5)248(21.9)18(17.1)
生活环境
饮水类型是否为自来水9.9220.002
62(5.0)50(4.4)12(11.4)
1 175(95.0)1 082(95.6)93(88.6)
人均住房面积(m286.501<0.001
≤30692(55.9)588(51.9)104(99.0)
>30545(44.1)544(48.1)1(1.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992504275174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Binary logit regression and marginal effect analysis of health poverty vulnerability factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量logit回归边际效应
β(95%CIS.E.Pdy/dxS.E.
个人特征
性别
ref.
-4.581(-6.617~-2.545)1.039<0.001-0.0430.007
年龄(岁)
≤60ref.
>6012.347(8.155~16.539)2.139<0.0010.1700.028
婚姻状况
未在婚ref.
在婚-3.934(-6.137~-1.731)1.124<0.001-0.0400.010
文化程度
文盲ref.
小学-8.395(-11.670~-5.121)1.671<0.001-0.0730.007
初中-12.172(-16.860~-7.483)2.392<0.001-0.1000.006
高中及以上-20.668(-2 454.268~2 412.932)1 241.6550.987-0.1110.296
家庭常住人口数(人)≤3ref.
>311.315(7.553~15.078)1.920<0.0010.1410.026
健康水平
自评健康状况ref.
一般-3.721(-5.888~-1.554)1.1060.001-0.0300.006
-5.501(-8.385~-2.618)1.471<0.001-0.0440.008
是否患有慢性病
ref.
1.520(-0.090~3.129)0.8210.0640.0130.007
卫生服务
是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险
ref.
-19.809(-27.347~-12.271)3.846<0.001-0.4030.244
生活环境
饮水类型是否为自来水
ref.
-8.164(-11.522~-4.806)1.713<0.001-0.1130.018
人均住房面积(m2≤30ref.
>30-18.105(-29.101~-7.108)5.6110.001-0.1140.162
), ArticleFig(id=1241065992646881519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241065980122690267, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

健康贫困脆弱性影响因素的二元logit回归与边际效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量logit回归边际效应
β(95%CIS.E.Pdy/dxS.E.
个人特征
性别
ref.
-4.581(-6.617~-2.545)1.039<0.001-0.0430.007
年龄(岁)
≤60ref.
>6012.347(8.155~16.539)2.139<0.0010.1700.028
婚姻状况
未在婚ref.
在婚-3.934(-6.137~-1.731)1.124<0.001-0.0400.010
文化程度
文盲ref.
小学-8.395(-11.670~-5.121)1.671<0.001-0.0730.007
初中-12.172(-16.860~-7.483)2.392<0.001-0.1000.006
高中及以上-20.668(-2 454.268~2 412.932)1 241.6550.987-0.1110.296
家庭常住人口数(人)≤3ref.
>311.315(7.553~15.078)1.920<0.0010.1410.026
健康水平
自评健康状况ref.
一般-3.721(-5.888~-1.554)1.1060.001-0.0300.006
-5.501(-8.385~-2.618)1.471<0.001-0.0440.008
是否患有慢性病
ref.
1.520(-0.090~3.129)0.8210.0640.0130.007
卫生服务
是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险
ref.
-19.809(-27.347~-12.271)3.846<0.001-0.4030.244
生活环境
饮水类型是否为自来水
ref.
-8.164(-11.522~-4.806)1.713<0.001-0.1130.018
人均住房面积(m2≤30ref.
>30-18.105(-29.101~-7.108)5.6110.001-0.1140.162
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后扶贫时代宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素分析
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李飞 1, 2 , 孟浩东 1, 2 , 杨娟 1, 2 , 刘姗 1, 2 , 乔慧 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(4): 660-666
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(4): 660-666
后扶贫时代宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素分析
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李飞1, 2, 孟浩东1, 2, 杨娟1, 2, 刘姗1, 2, 乔慧1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川市 750004
  • 2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
  • 李飞(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:健康统计与卫生服务研究

通讯作者:

乔慧,E-mail:
Vulnerability of health poverty and influencing factors among depressed population in rural Ningxia in the post-poverty alleviation era
Fei LI1, 2, Hao-dong MENG1, 2, Juan YANG1, 2, Shan LIU1, 2, Hui QIAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409353
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目的

研究宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素,为推动健康防贫治理与实施提供理论依据。

方法

基于宁夏农村抑郁人群2022年健康数据调查,从抑郁人群的个人特征、健康水平、卫生服务、生活环境四个维度出发,选取与之相关的13个评价指标对宁夏农村抑郁人群的健康贫困脆弱性进行综合评价,通过二元logit回归分析找出其主要的影响因素,并通过Shapley分解法对结果进行量化估计。

结果

有8.49%的抑郁人群面临健康贫困脆弱的风险,年龄、家庭常住人口数、人均住房面积是健康贫困脆弱性的主要影响因素。Shapley分解结果显示,年龄(28.63%)对其贡献度最大。

结论

宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性的影响因素多维复杂,为防止更多抑郁人群陷入健康贫困脆弱,当地政府应改善抑郁人群的生活环境,注重老年人群和家庭规模较大人群的健康状况,完善其医疗卫生服务和医疗保障制度,以降低宁夏抑郁人群的健康贫困脆弱性。

健康贫困脆弱性  /  抑郁症  /  后扶贫时代  /  影响因素  /  农村
Objective

To study the vulnerability and influencing factors of health poverty among depressed people in rural Ningxia and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the governance and implementation of health poverty prevention.

Methods

Based on the 2022 health data survey of depressed people in rural Ningxia, 13 evaluation indicators related to the depressed population were selected from the four dimensions of personal characteristics, health level, health services and living environment of depressed populations, and the main influencing factors were identified through binary logit regression analysis, and the results were quantitatively estimated by Shapley decomposition method.

Results

8.49% of the depressed population was at risk of health poverty vulnerability, and age, number of permanent family residents, and per capita housing area were the main influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability. The results of Shapley's decomposition showed that age (28.63%) contributed the most to it.

Conclusion

The influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in rural Ningxia are multidimensional and complex.In order to prevent more depressed people from falling into health poverty, the local government should improve the living environment of depressed people, pay attention to the health status of the elderly and those with large families, and improve their medical and health services and medical security system, so as to reduce the health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in Ningxia.

Health poverty vulnerability  /  Depressive disorder  /  Post-poverty era  /  Influencing factor  /  Rural area
李飞, 孟浩东, 杨娟, 刘姗, 乔慧. 后扶贫时代宁夏农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (4) : 660 -666 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409353
Fei LI, Hao-dong MENG, Juan YANG, Shan LIU, Hui QIAO. Vulnerability of health poverty and influencing factors among depressed population in rural Ningxia in the post-poverty alleviation era[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (4) : 660 -666 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409353
我国在2020年全面建成小康社会、消除绝对贫困后,进入了以防止返贫和解决相对贫困为重点的后扶贫时代[1]。健康贫困脆弱性是一个多维度概念,指个人或群体在遭受健康相关风险后陷入低福利水平的可能,具有动态性和前瞻预期性,能够预测个体未来陷入贫困的概率[2]。对于抑郁人群而言,心理健康问题常导致社会支持缺乏,影响就业和收入,进而加剧经济压力,而经济压力的增加又会进一步恶化其健康状况,形成恶性循环[3],这使他们在身体和心理上会承受更大的压力,从而会增加健康贫困脆弱发生的风险[4]。宁夏作为多民族聚居地区,经济发展相对滞后,尤其在农村和偏远地区,贫困与健康问题相互交织,抑郁等心理健康问题在贫困人口中尤为突出[5]。因此,研究健康贫困脆弱性对该地区的健康风险监测和公共卫生政策调整具有重要意义。
目前,关于健康贫困脆弱性的研究较多,比如黎晓燕等人构建了农村老年慢性病患者健康贫困脆弱风险指标体系[6]。韦艳等人发现健康冲击是健康贫困脆弱性的危险因素,会增加健康贫困脆弱的风险,而社会资本是健康贫困脆弱性的保护因素,可以有效降低健康贫困脆弱的发生[7]。邵芯苗等人基于健康促进视角,通过个人特征、健康水平、医疗保障、疾病预防四个维度分析了中老年慢性病患者健康贫困脆弱性的影响因素[8]。以上研究多集中于慢性病的健康贫困脆弱性,对抑郁人群的研究较少,因此,本研究聚焦于宁夏盐池县、彭阳县、海原县和西吉县四县的农村居民,筛选出存在抑郁症状的人群,通过计算健康贫困脆弱性指数,评估抑郁人群面临健康贫困脆弱的风险,并深入分析其影响因素,旨在为当地政府在健康返贫治理和巩固脱贫成果等方面给予理论指导。
该项目于2022年6月至7月在宁夏盐池县、海原县、西吉县、彭阳县四县农村开展现场调查,本次调查共发放问卷21 300份,回收有效问卷20 821份,有效回收率为97.75%。由调查对象本人对问卷内容进行作答的共8 062人,计算抑郁得分并筛选出得分≥5分的人群,最终纳入1 237名研究对象。所有调查对象均签署知情同意书,研究方案已获得宁夏医科大学医学伦理委员会批准(编号:宁医大伦理第2021-G152号)。具体纳入、排除标准见下:纳入标准:①年龄≥15岁;②宁夏农村地区常住居民;③根据PHQ-9量表筛查得分≥5分;④自愿参与并签署知情同意书。排除标准:①患有严重精神疾病(如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍等);②存在显著认知功能障碍,无法理解或完成问卷调查;③问卷内容由他人代答;④重要指标缺失(如家庭收入等)。
本研究采用问卷调查法,主要内容包括:①一般人口学特征,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、职业类型等;②居民健康状况,包括自评健康状况、慢性病患病情况、心理健康状况等;③卫生服务利用情况及可及性,包括过去两周就诊情况、过去一年住院情况、到最近医疗机构的时间等;④家庭及经济情况,包括常住人口数、家庭收支情况、住房面积等。
采用国际上公认的健康问卷抑郁筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)[9],收集调查对象过去两周内心理状况的相关信息。该量表共有9个条目,采用0~3分4级评分,得分越高,表明抑郁程度越严重,5分及以上即认为调查对象两周内存在抑郁症状。
基于Christiaensenhe等[10]提出的期望贫困脆弱性(Vulnerabilityas Expected Poverty,VEP)理论,结合三阶段可行广义最小二乘法(Feasible Generalized Least Squares,FGLS)来度量健康贫困脆弱性[11],其操作步骤如下:
第一步:估计未来收入方程。假设t+1时期的农村居民收入水平是在t时期的个人特征函数,对未来收入的对数进行回归估计,将回归所得的残差平方视为收入方差的近似值,然后作为因变量构建对特征变量的回归模型:
式中Yi,t+1表示农村人口在t+1时期的收入水平,Xi,t是指研究对象个人特征、健康水平、卫生服务与生活环境的一系列特征变量。通过上述两个式子可以得到Yi,t+1的估计值及残差估计值。
第二步:通过构建异方差结构作为权重对第一步的收入对数和残差平方进行加权回归,得到FGLS估计量。根据估计未来收入对数的期望值及方差:
式中,的一致估计量,为可行广义最小二乘法回归估计量,为未来农村居民收入对数的期望值和方差。
第三步:假设收入对数水平服从正态分布,然后选择拟定健康贫困标准线及健康贫困脆弱性标准线并进行健康贫困脆弱性的估计:
式中表示居民在t时期陷入健康贫困标准以下的概率,lnι为健康贫困标准的对数值。本研究基于目前国内农村已无绝对贫困的现况,采取国际贫困线 3.1 美元/人/天[12](相当于人民币20.9元/人/天(基于2022年汇率)),将健康贫困脆弱性临界值定为0.5,健康贫困脆弱性指数小于0.5的人群定义为非健康贫困脆弱组,健康贫困脆弱性指数大于0.5的人群定义为健康贫困脆弱组[13]
本研究以是否处于健康贫困脆弱为因变量。在影响因素的选择方面,基于Ridley等人[14]关于抑郁与贫困之间的关系研究,参考虎昭言等人[11]对宁夏育龄期妇女相对健康贫困脆弱性影响因素研究和刘军军等人[15]对慢性病患者健康贫困脆弱性的影响因素分析,从农村抑郁人群的个人特征、健康水平、卫生服务、生活环境4个维度选取性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、近1年是否外出打工、家庭常住人口数、自评健康状况、是否患有慢性病、近1年是否进行健康体检、是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险、到最近村卫生室所需时间、饮水类型是否为自来水、人均住房面积13个指标。
应用Stata 17.0对研究对象健康贫困脆弱性进行计算,应用SPSS 27.0对调查数据进行整理和统计分析。对于人口学资料进行描述性统计,计数资料和计量资料分别以n(%)和表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,影响因素分析采用二元logit回归及其边际效应,量化各维度自变量的贡献程度采用Shapley分解法,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
结果显示,在所有研究对象中处于健康贫困脆弱的共105人,占比8.49%,处于非健康贫困脆弱的共1 132人,占比91.51%。健康贫困脆弱性指数在区间[0,0.25]、(0.25,0.50]、(0.50,0.75]、(0.75,1]的人数分别为833人、299人、98人、7人,分别占比67.34%、24.17%、7.92%、0.57%。见表1
本研究纳入存在抑郁症状人数共1 237人,占比15.34%,抑郁得分为(8.74±3.98)分。单因素分析发现,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭常住人口数、自评健康状况、是否患有慢性病、是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险、饮水类型是否为自来水、人均住房面积与是否处于健康贫困脆弱显著相关(P<0.05)。见表2
以是否处于健康贫困脆弱为因变量,将上述单因素分析有统计学意义的变量纳入二元logit回归模型进行分析,LR χ2=647.12,P<0.000 1,模型具有显著性。结果显示,小学和初中(β1=-8.395,β2=-12.172)、人均住房面积>30 m2β=-18.105)对健康贫困脆弱性有显著负向影响;年龄>60岁(β=12.347)、家庭常住人口数>3人(β=11.315)有显著正向影响;是否患有慢性病没有统计学意义。Logit模型的边际效应(平均边际效应)分析显示,各自变量在其他变量保持不变的情况下,小学和初中、人均住房面积>30m2相比于其参照组陷入健康贫困脆弱的概率分别会降低7.3%、10.0%、11.4%;年龄>60岁、家庭常住人口数>3人相比于其参照组陷入健康贫困脆弱的概率分别会增加17.0%、14.1%。见表3
将上述logit回归结果中对健康贫困脆弱性有显著影响的因素纳入分析,构建Shapley分解模型。结果显示,各维度对农村抑郁人群健康贫困脆弱性的解释贡献度分别为个人特征(67.00%)、健康水平(7.02%)、卫生服务(3.97%)、生活环境(22.01%)。单一指标结果显示,年龄(28.63%)贡献度最大,性别(2.55%)贡献度最小。见图1
宁夏农村地区存在抑郁症状的人数占比为15.34%,我国抑郁症的整体患病率为3.4%[16]。有研究表明,抑郁与健康贫困脆弱之间存在恶性循环:抑郁会损害心理健康,削弱个体的工作能力和社会功能,导致经济状况恶化,进而陷入健康贫困脆弱[17];而健康贫困脆弱会通过经济压力、社会排斥等因素会增加抑郁症的患病风险[18]。虎昭言等人的研究显示宁夏农村居民中健康贫困脆弱人数占比4.38%[19],本研究发现该地区抑郁人群中健康贫困脆弱人数占比8.49%,高于普通农村居民水平。原因可能是抑郁人群因其心理健康问题会增加个体的医疗支出,同时由于就业机会受限、工作环境排斥等原因导致缺乏稳定收入[20],进一步加剧了陷入健康贫困脆弱的风险。
结果显示,性别、婚姻状况和文化程度对健康贫困脆弱性有显著负向影响,年龄和家庭人口数有显著正向影响。这可能是因为女性通常承受的生活压力较小,有着更健康的生活习惯,比如女性吸烟、饮酒的比例小于男性,因此面临健康贫困脆弱的风险较低,这与邵芯苗等人的研究结果一致[8]。在婚状态的个体通常拥有更稳定的社会支持系统,包括伴侣和家人的物质与精神支持,因此有更好的抵御健康贫困脆弱发生的条件,这与张志国对中国农村家庭贫困脆弱性的研究结果一致[21]。一般而言,文化程度较高的个体,往往有着更好的健康意识、经济条件和社会支持[22],在面对健康问题时有更好的应对能力,所以健康贫困脆弱的发生风险较低,这与严蓓蕾等人的研究相吻合[23]。本研究发现高中及以上文化程度相比于文盲无统计学意义,这可能是因为该人群要面临高生活成本、复杂人际关系等新型压力源[24],加上该地区交通不便、医疗资源分配不均衡等状况,一定程度上削弱了文化程度所带来的保护作用。农村抑郁老年人群通常身体状况差,缺乏稳定收入,医疗经济负担重,所以发生健康贫困脆弱的风险较高。家庭人口数越多,经济负担就越大,就会承受更大的健康贫困脆弱风险,这与虎昭言等人的研究结果一致[19]
结果显示,自评健康状况对健康贫困脆弱性有显著负向影响。研究发现,对于自评健康状况较差的人而言,从心理层面来看,这种较差的自我感知可能会使其处于一种长期的心理压力之下,这不仅会使个体出现焦虑、抑郁等诸多负面情绪[25],还会影响人体的免疫系统等生理机能[26]。由此会对个体造成健康冲击,增加其医疗经济负担,进一步增加了陷入健康贫困脆弱的可能,这与景正月等人对农村空巢老年家庭贫困脆弱性的研究结果一致[27]
结果显示,是否参加城乡统筹基本医疗或城镇职工医疗保险对健康贫困脆弱性有显著负向影响。参加医疗保险能够有效提升医疗服务可及性,对疾病进行早期发现、诊断和治疗,防止病情恶化,减轻医疗经济负担。此外,有研究发现参加医疗保险可以显著降低农村居民的抑郁评分,改善心理健康[28],这可能是因为医疗保险提供的经济保障减少了人们对医疗费用的担忧,缓解了焦虑情绪,有助于维持积极的心理状态。王琳等人的研究进一步指出,在健康多维贫困视角下,医疗保障支出在减贫方面比其他卫生服务更为有效[29]
结果显示,饮水类型是否为自来水和人均住房面积对健康贫困脆弱性有显著负向影响。保障居民用水安全有助于减少胃肠疾病、泌尿系统疾病等多种疾病的发生。研究发现,人均住房面积与一些公共卫生事件和传染性疾病的发生存在显著关系[30],良好的居住环境不仅可以减少疾病的传播,还会缓解人们的疲倦和焦虑,对身心健康产生积极影响,因此是否使用自来水和人均住房面积也在一定程度上影响健康贫困脆弱的发生。
结果显示,个人特征(67.00%)、生活环境(22.01%)、健康水平(7.02%)、卫生服务(3.97%)四个维度都会在一定程度上对健康贫困脆弱性产生影响。单一指标结果显示,年龄(28.63%)、家庭常住人口数(22.75%)、人均住房面积(19.39%)贡献度较高,是其主要影响因素。针对以上研究结论,提出以下几点建议:(1)强化老年人健康保障:建议当地政府增加养老保障和健康服务,设立专门的老年健康管理中心,定期组织健康检查与教育活动,增强老年人的健康意识和自我管理能力。(2)支持大家庭及低学历群体:针对家庭规模较大和文化程度较低人群,提供额外的经济援助和家庭服务,提高医保参保率,将家庭医生签约服务普及至每家每户,确保及时医疗照顾。(3)改善居住条件与饮水安全:通过补贴和贷款等方式鼓励居民改善住房,减少因住房拥挤引发的健康问题。同时,加大对农村自来水安全饮用设施的投入,提升整体健康水平。(4)加强心理健康支持:政府、社会组织和医疗机构应合作开展心理健康教育,为抑郁人群提供专业的咨询和治疗服务,建立完善的社会支持网络,改善农村居民的心理健康状况。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72164033)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409353
  • 接收时间:2024-09-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(72164033)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031)
作者信息
    1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川市 750004
    2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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