Article(id=1241036339097949139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412506, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735401600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815720580, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815720580, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815720580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815720580, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3154, endPage=3159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036339525768165, articleId=1241036339097949139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A longitudinal study of the relationship between childhood adverse experience and self-control with mobile phone dependence in junior high school students, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the longitudinal association of adverse childhood experiences and self-control with mobile phone dependence among junior high school students, and to provide reference for the development of prevention and control measures.

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to select 863 junior high school students from 18 classes in 2 middle schools as the research subjects. The Childhood Adversity Questionnaire, Self-Control Scale, and Mobile Phone Dependence Index Scale were used as the survey tools. Two follow-up surveys were conducted in November 2023 (T1) and May 2024 (T2). SPSS 23.0 was used for independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, paired sample t-tests, partial correlation analysis, and factor analysis. Mplus 8.3 software was used for cross-lagged analysis and mediation effect testing.

Results

The partial correlation analysis revealed that both the adverse childhood experiences and self-control were statistically significantly correlated with the mobile phone dependence of junior high school students (r=-0.646-0.762, P<0.05). The cross-lagged model analysis indicated that the adverse childhood experiences at T1 could positively predict the mobile phone dependence at T2 (β=0.107, 95% CI: 0.050-0.164, P<0.05); the mediation model analysis showed that the mediating effect of the adverse childhood experiences on the influence of self-control on the mobile phone dependence of junior high school students was (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.006-0.033, P<0.05).

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences could positively and indirectly affect mobile phone dependence through self-control among junior middle school students.

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目的

了解童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖的纵向关系,为制定防控措施提供参考。

方法

采用方便抽样法抽取2所中学18个班级的863名初中生作为调查对象,以童年不良经历问卷、自我控制量表、手机依赖指数量表作为调查工具,于2023年11月(T1)和2024年5月(T2)进行2次追踪调查,采用SPSS 23.0进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、配对样本t检验、偏相关性分析、因子分析,采用Mplus 8.3软件进行交叉滞后分析并进行中介效应检验。

结果

偏相关分析发现初中生童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖之间相关性均有统计学意义(r=-0.646~0.762,P<0.05)。交叉滞后模型分析发现,童年不良经历T1可以正向预测初中生手机依赖T2(β=0.107,95%CI:0.050~0.164,P<0.05);中介模型分析显示,童年不良经历通过自我控制影响初中生手机依赖的中介效应为(β= 0.019,95%CI:0.006~0.033,P<0.05)。

结论

童年不良经历可以正向影响初中生手机依赖,也可以通过自我控制间接影响初中生手机依赖。

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唐雯熙,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=01Czu4AlJ6mvyS6ioNfDFQ==, magXml=qsoYC1r5ArFKcTKVr3E+FQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PcluifmIugriOH4ZZceEEQ==, pdfFileSize=702403, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IMDRevnagDXwCcufMsqBrg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hcCLCelPNzr4cFfiTf0a1A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵龙飞(1988—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:青少年心理健康

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赵龙飞(1988—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:青少年心理健康

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Effects of emotional loss and cognitive loss on suppression control in college students with mobile phone dependent[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2024, 38(3): 271-276., articleTitle=Effects of emotional loss and cognitive loss on suppression control in college students with mobile phone dependent, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139392044126604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=2446, pageEnd=2455, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Gerritsen L, Milaneschi Y, Vinkers CH, journalName=Neuropsychopharmacology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gerritsen L, Milaneschi Y, Vinkers CH, et al. HPA axis genes, and their interaction with childhood maltreatment, are related to cortisol levels and Stress-Related phenotypes[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology,2017, 42(12): 2446-2455., articleTitle=HPA axis genes, and their interaction with childhood maltreatment, are related to cortisol levels and Stress-Related phenotypes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139387010961672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, awardId=24RWZX026, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目(24RWZX026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139379628986368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139379637374977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, companyId=1241139379628986368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Sports and Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139379649957892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, companyId=1241139379628986368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学运动与健康学院,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139379771592714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139379779981321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, companyId=1241139379771592714, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖南医药学院,湖南 怀化 418000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139379922587666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139379935170579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, companyId=1241139379922587666, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.重庆市荣昌区教师进修学校)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139384280469689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cross-lagged model of adverse childhood experiences and mobile phone dependence among junior high school students, figureFileSmall=OuT1HL2GH1MOXV1K0NV+zA==, figureFileBig=oC2Ep/BfCmt71SqCTjbA5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139384360161471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=图1, caption=童年不良经历与初中生手机依赖的交叉滞后模型

注:实线表示P<0.05;虚线表示P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=OuT1HL2GH1MOXV1K0NV+zA==, figureFileBig=oC2Ep/BfCmt71SqCTjbA5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139384498573509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Longitudinal mediation model of the effect of adverse childhood experiences on mobile phone dependence through self-control in junior high school students, figureFileSmall=J0F0vjfKi1+vcOLwNgD7yg==, figureFileBig=TvlgST45KjSYIqVtaFyICw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139385974968523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=图2, caption=童年不良经历通过自我控制影响初中生手机依赖的纵向中介模型

注:实线表示P<0.05;虚线表示P>0.05

, figureFileSmall=J0F0vjfKi1+vcOLwNgD7yg==, figureFileBig=TvlgST45KjSYIqVtaFyICw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386100797649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Longitudinal mediation model of the effect of mobile phone dependence on adverse childhood experiences through self-control in junior high school students, figureFileSmall=lhHyCoC/Ij+XAQfyubM9VA==, figureFileBig=bk0YDS+S8haZzabyYtJE5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386205655253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=图3, caption=初中生手机依赖通过自我控制影响童年不良经历的纵向中介模型

注:实线表示P<0.05;虚线表示P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=lhHyCoC/Ij+XAQfyubM9VA==, figureFileBig=bk0YDS+S8haZzabyYtJE5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386314707164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of adverse childhood experiences, self-control and mobile phone dependence in junior high school students ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量童年不良经历T1童年不良经历T2自我控制T1自我控制T2手机依赖T1手机依赖T2
性别0.47±0.350.91±0.6071.22±13.6669.41±14.6034.44±12.1334.62±13.80
0.46±0.310.83±0.3867.50±13.4763.80±14.1336.13±12.9038.07±15.12
t0.0880.5983.5965.115-1.765-3.127
P0.9300.550<0.001<0.0010.0780.002
独生子女0.78±0.351.39±0.7668.70±16.0867.10±15.8035.94±14.3737.57±15.23
0.41±0.270.78±0.4269.51±13.2466.58±14.4535.16±12.2136.10±14.45
t3.3453.776-0.5410.3260.5770.931
P0.001<0.0010.5890.7450.5640.352
留守儿童0.70±0.491.16±0.5368.73±13.6465.47±14.1337.08±12.0838.83±14.41
0.43±0.210.83±0.4769.49±13.6966.82±14.7235.01±12.5935.95±14.56
t2.2521.925-0.481-0.8081.4371.732
P0.0250.0550.6310.4200.1510.084
父亲学历小学及以下0.44±0.290.83±0.4769.57±13.9966.12±14.9835.61±12.3437.01±14.01
初中及以上0.52±0.350.95±0.5469.03±13.0467.73±13.9033.99±12.6433.64±14.78
t-0.920-0.9750.490-1.3501.3702.762
P0.3580.3300.6240.1751.1710.006
母亲学历小学及以下0.52±0.320.88±0.4968.93±13.6067.63±14.1935.31±12.0335.39±14.09
初中及以上0.45±0.360.86±0.5269.51±13.7166.40±14.7635.25±12.6536.77±14.78
t0.7760.136-0.4480.8920.054-1.167
P0.4380.8920.6860.3730.9570.244
学业成绩较差0.74±0.541.02±0.6066.20±14.3362.94±15.5438.24±15.7738.30±15.73
一般0.57±0.301.00±0.5265.97±12.1663.76±13.4436.89±12.1837.68±14.19
较好0.25±0.200.63±0.4175.41±13.7871.95±14.8332.12±11.7633.75±14.61
F9.3964.81242.01927.39412.9036.107
P<0.0010.008<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386411176164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖得分情况(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量童年不良经历T1童年不良经历T2自我控制T1自我控制T2手机依赖T1手机依赖T2
性别0.47±0.350.91±0.6071.22±13.6669.41±14.6034.44±12.1334.62±13.80
0.46±0.310.83±0.3867.50±13.4763.80±14.1336.13±12.9038.07±15.12
t0.0880.5983.5965.115-1.765-3.127
P0.9300.550<0.001<0.0010.0780.002
独生子女0.78±0.351.39±0.7668.70±16.0867.10±15.8035.94±14.3737.57±15.23
0.41±0.270.78±0.4269.51±13.2466.58±14.4535.16±12.2136.10±14.45
t3.3453.776-0.5410.3260.5770.931
P0.001<0.0010.5890.7450.5640.352
留守儿童0.70±0.491.16±0.5368.73±13.6465.47±14.1337.08±12.0838.83±14.41
0.43±0.210.83±0.4769.49±13.6966.82±14.7235.01±12.5935.95±14.56
t2.2521.925-0.481-0.8081.4371.732
P0.0250.0550.6310.4200.1510.084
父亲学历小学及以下0.44±0.290.83±0.4769.57±13.9966.12±14.9835.61±12.3437.01±14.01
初中及以上0.52±0.350.95±0.5469.03±13.0467.73±13.9033.99±12.6433.64±14.78
t-0.920-0.9750.490-1.3501.3702.762
P0.3580.3300.6240.1751.1710.006
母亲学历小学及以下0.52±0.320.88±0.4968.93±13.6067.63±14.1935.31±12.0335.39±14.09
初中及以上0.45±0.360.86±0.5269.51±13.7166.40±14.7635.25±12.6536.77±14.78
t0.7760.136-0.4480.8920.054-1.167
P0.4380.8920.6860.3730.9570.244
学业成绩较差0.74±0.541.02±0.6066.20±14.3362.94±15.5438.24±15.7738.30±15.73
一般0.57±0.301.00±0.5265.97±12.1663.76±13.4436.89±12.1837.68±14.19
较好0.25±0.200.63±0.4175.41±13.7871.95±14.8332.12±11.7633.75±14.61
F9.3964.81242.01927.39412.9036.107
P<0.0010.008<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386574754026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of adverse childhood experiences, self-control and mobile phone dependence scoresamong junior high school students between two surveys ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量童年不良经历自我控制手机依赖
T10.47±0.3369.39±13.6835.27±12.53
T20.87±0.5066.65±14.6536.31±14.56
t-10.8996.443-2.465
P<0.001<0.0010.014
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386667028721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

二次调查童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖得分比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量童年不良经历自我控制手机依赖
T10.47±0.3369.39±13.6835.27±12.53
T20.87±0.5066.65±14.6536.31±14.56
t-10.8996.443-2.465
P<0.001<0.0010.014
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386755109112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Partial correlation analysis among adverse childhood experiences, self-control and mobile phone dependence in junior high school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
童年不良经历T1童年不良经历T2自我控制T1自我控制T2手机依赖T1手机依赖T2
童年不良经历T1
童年不良经历T20.762
自我控制T1-0.248-0.202
自我控制T2-0.292-0.3060.661
手机依赖T1-0.2780.256-0.574-0.503
手机依赖T2-0.2880.304-0.492-0.6460.669
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386859966718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036339097949139, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖的偏相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
童年不良经历T1童年不良经历T2自我控制T1自我控制T2手机依赖T1手机依赖T2
童年不良经历T1
童年不良经历T20.762
自我控制T1-0.248-0.202
自我控制T2-0.292-0.3060.661
手机依赖T1-0.2780.256-0.574-0.503
手机依赖T2-0.2880.304-0.492-0.6460.669
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童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖关系的纵向研究
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赵龙飞 1 , 唐雯熙 2 , 李章红 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(17): 3154-3159
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(17): 3154-3159
童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖关系的纵向研究
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赵龙飞1, 唐雯熙2 , 李章红3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学运动与健康学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.湖南医药学院,湖南 怀化 418000
  • 3.重庆市荣昌区教师进修学校
  • 赵龙飞(1988—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:青少年心理健康

通讯作者:

唐雯熙,E-mail:
A longitudinal study of the relationship between childhood adverse experience and self-control with mobile phone dependence in junior high school students
Long-fei ZHAO1, Wen-xi TANG2 , Zhang-hong LI3
Affiliations
  • School of Sports and Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412506
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目的

了解童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖的纵向关系,为制定防控措施提供参考。

方法

采用方便抽样法抽取2所中学18个班级的863名初中生作为调查对象,以童年不良经历问卷、自我控制量表、手机依赖指数量表作为调查工具,于2023年11月(T1)和2024年5月(T2)进行2次追踪调查,采用SPSS 23.0进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、配对样本t检验、偏相关性分析、因子分析,采用Mplus 8.3软件进行交叉滞后分析并进行中介效应检验。

结果

偏相关分析发现初中生童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖之间相关性均有统计学意义(r=-0.646~0.762,P<0.05)。交叉滞后模型分析发现,童年不良经历T1可以正向预测初中生手机依赖T2(β=0.107,95%CI:0.050~0.164,P<0.05);中介模型分析显示,童年不良经历通过自我控制影响初中生手机依赖的中介效应为(β= 0.019,95%CI:0.006~0.033,P<0.05)。

结论

童年不良经历可以正向影响初中生手机依赖,也可以通过自我控制间接影响初中生手机依赖。

童年不良经历  /  自我控制  /  手机依赖  /  初中生  /  交叉滞后分析
Objective

To understand the longitudinal association of adverse childhood experiences and self-control with mobile phone dependence among junior high school students, and to provide reference for the development of prevention and control measures.

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to select 863 junior high school students from 18 classes in 2 middle schools as the research subjects. The Childhood Adversity Questionnaire, Self-Control Scale, and Mobile Phone Dependence Index Scale were used as the survey tools. Two follow-up surveys were conducted in November 2023 (T1) and May 2024 (T2). SPSS 23.0 was used for independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, paired sample t-tests, partial correlation analysis, and factor analysis. Mplus 8.3 software was used for cross-lagged analysis and mediation effect testing.

Results

The partial correlation analysis revealed that both the adverse childhood experiences and self-control were statistically significantly correlated with the mobile phone dependence of junior high school students (r=-0.646-0.762, P<0.05). The cross-lagged model analysis indicated that the adverse childhood experiences at T1 could positively predict the mobile phone dependence at T2 (β=0.107, 95% CI: 0.050-0.164, P<0.05); the mediation model analysis showed that the mediating effect of the adverse childhood experiences on the influence of self-control on the mobile phone dependence of junior high school students was (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.006-0.033, P<0.05).

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences could positively and indirectly affect mobile phone dependence through self-control among junior middle school students.

Adverse childhood experiences  /  Self-control  /  Mobile phone dependence  /  Junior high school students  /  Cross-lagged analysis
赵龙飞, 唐雯熙, 李章红. 童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖关系的纵向研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3154 -3159 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412506
Long-fei ZHAO, Wen-xi TANG, Zhang-hong LI. A longitudinal study of the relationship between childhood adverse experience and self-control with mobile phone dependence in junior high school students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3154 -3159 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412506
手机依赖也称为手机成瘾、问题性手机使用,是指由于过度使用手机而导致个体出现明显的身体、心理、社会功能失调的现象[1-2]。手机依赖是21世纪最主要的非药物成瘾现象之一,一项纳入41项研究的荟萃分析表明我国青少年手机依赖发生率达23.40%[3]。手机依赖不仅严重影响青少年身心健康,还造成较低的学业成就,严重制约青少年未来的发展[4]。童年不良经历是指发生在18岁前的创伤性经历,主要包括虐待、忽视、家庭功能障碍等[5],我国青少年童年不良经历检出率达70%以上[6],有研究表明童年不良经历与手机依赖存在关联[7-8],但是二者的纵向关系及作用机制尚不清楚。交叉滞后模型是基于利用纵向队列数据探讨变量间因果关系的一种统计方法,这种分析方法的优势是结合了交叉滞后面板设计,估计的路径系数具有明确的时间顺序,常用于因果时序关系的研究[9]。本研究以初中生为研究对象,通过纵向数据建立交叉滞后模型和中介效应检验模型分析童年不良经历及自我控制与初中生手机依赖关系,为制定青少年童年不良经历和手机依赖的防控措施提供参考。
采用方便抽样法在贵阳市抽取2所中学18个班级的青少年作为调查对象,第一次调查时间为2023年11月(T1),共发放问卷983份,收回有效问卷936份,有效回收率为95.2%;第二次调查时间为2024年5月(T2),对同一批调查对象进行第二次调查,共发放问卷962份,收回有效配对问卷863份。有效配对问卷青少年平均年龄(13.6±2.0)岁;其中,男生425人(49.2%),女生438人(50.8%);独生子女124人(14.4%),非独生子女739人(85.6%);留守儿童109人(12.6%),非留守儿童754人(87.4%);父亲小学及以下学历578人(67.0%),初中及以上学历285人(33.0%);母亲小学及以下学历378人(43.8%),初中及以上学历485人(56.2%);学业成绩较差63人(7.3%),学业成绩中等489人(56.7%),学业成绩较好311人(36.0%)。所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书,本次调查通过了贵州医科大学伦理委员会审批(2024伦审244号)。
该部分调查采用自编问卷,主要信息包括性别、民族、独生子女、留守、父亲学历、母亲学历、学业成绩等情况。
采用肖琴等[10]翻译修订的童年不良经历问卷,该问卷包含虐待、忽视、家庭功能不良等10种不良经历,共包含10个题目,采用2点计分,无计0分,出现1种计1分,得分相加得到每个被试的童年不良经历总得分,总得分在0~10分之间,得分越高表明遭受的童年不良经历越多。在二次调查中问卷的Cronbach α系数分别为0.83、0.86;验证性因子发现该量表在两次测量中均表现出较好的结构效度(χ2/v=2.953、3.123;CFI=0.913、0.906;TLI=0.942、0.933;RMSEA=0.041、0.042;SRMR=0.047、0.044)。
采用Tangney等[11]编制,谭树华等[12]修订的自我控制量表,量表共19个题目,采用李克特5点计分,1~5分分别代表完全符合、部分符合、说不清、部分不符合、完全不符合,总得分在19~95分,得分越高表示自我控制能力越强,在二次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0. 83,0.80。
采用黄海等[13]编制的手机依赖指数量表,该量表共包含17个题目,采用李克特5点计分,1~5分分别代表从未、偶尔、有时、经常、总是,总得分17~85分,得分越高表示手机依赖程度越深,在二次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.90、0.92。
在调查前获得调查对象名单并进行随机编号,以编号作为两次调查数据的匹配依据。本次调查的调查员全部由贵州医科大学运动与健康学院硕士研究生担任,调查前对所有调查员进行统一培训,统一指导语和调查过程。调查以班级为单位,在班主任协助下统一进行,调查员巡回督导,解答调查对象的问题,所有的问卷均现场发放现场回收,调查对象的答题时间约为25 min;在数据录入和清理阶段,采用双重录入方法录入数据,剔除无效问卷,并进行交叉审核,确保数据录入的准确性。
采用SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、配对样本t检验、偏相关性分析,共同方法偏差检验采用Harman单因子检验法。采用Mplus 8.3软件首先构建交叉滞后模型,检验童年不良经历与初中生手机依赖的纵向关系;其次构建中介效应模型,采用偏差校正的非参数百分位bootstrap法(抽样次数为5 000次)检验自我控制的中介效应。设置检验水准α=0.05。
采用Harman单因子检验法测量共同方法偏差程度。因子分析结果表明,T1提取特征根大于1的公因子数量为11个,第一个因子解释的方差变异量为21.6%;T2提取特征根大于1的公因子数量为13个,第一个因子解释的方差变异量为20.2%,均小于40%的临界标准,表明本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
二次调查结果见表1。二次调查童年不良经历、自我控制、手机依赖得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2
控制性别、独生子女、留守儿童、父亲学历、学业成绩等变量,对二次调查初中生的童年不良经历及自我控制与手机依赖状况进行偏相关性分析,结果显示,相关性均有统计学意义(r=-0.646~0.762,P<0.05)。见表3
控制性别、独生子女、留守儿童、父亲学历、学业成绩等变量,对童年不良经历与初中生手机依赖进行交叉滞后分析,结果显示童年不良经历T1可以正向预测手机依赖T2(β=0.107,95%CI:0.050~0.164,P<0.05);手机依赖T1不可以预测童年不良经历T2(β=0.044,95%CI:-0.013~0.100,P>0.05)。见图1
参照Cole等[14]和方杰等[15]的研究,构建基于二次追踪调查的一阶中介效应检验模型,为了更清晰的分辨自我控制的中介作用,模型限制了自变量T1对因变量T2的影响。在童年不良经历为自变量,手机依赖为因变量时,控制性别、独生子女、留守儿童、父亲学历、学业成绩等变量,童年不良经历T1可以负向预测自我控制T2(β=-0.087,95%CI:-0.138~-0.036,P<0.05);自我控制T1可以负向预测手机依赖T2(β=-0.219,95%CI:-0.285~-0.152,P<0.05),采用bootstrap进行中介效应检验,结果中介效应为β=0.019(95%CI:0.006~0.033)95%CI不包含0,表明自我控制在童年不良经历和手机依赖间存在纵向中介作用。见图2
在手机依赖为自变量,童年不良经历为因变量时,控制性别、独生子女、留守儿童、父亲学历、学业成绩等变量,手机依赖T1可以负向预测自我控制T2(β=-0.173,95%CI:-0.248~-0.097,P<0.05);自我控制T1不能预测童年不良经历T2(β=-0.018,95%CI:-0.074~0.038,P>0.05),采用bootstrap进行中介效应检验,结果中介效应为β=0.004(95%CI:-0.007~0.001),95%CI包含0,表明自我控制在手机依赖和童年不良经历间不存在纵向中介作用。见图3
研究发现第二次调查初中生童年不良经历的得分明显高于第一次,本研究两次调查追踪调查对象均处于童年期,随着时间的推移,叠加的不良经历会逐渐增加,造成童年期不良经历得分增高;这也可能与该阶段青少年校园欺凌发生率较高有关,有研究表明该阶段青少年遭受校园欺凌发生率均较高,遭受校园欺凌的各类型均属于童年不良经历,这也可能会引起童年不良经历得分明显增高[16]。二次调查的手机依赖得分也有明显的提高,初中学生承受的学业压力逐渐增加,容易产生更多的焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,增加通过游戏、娱乐、社交等软件排解不良情绪的可能,相关的研究表明抑郁情绪与手机依赖呈显著正相关[17]
童年不良经历负向预测自我控制能力,这与相关的研究结论一致[18],童年不良经历会对青少年心理健康产生严重的影响,使其产生更多的自我厌恶感,对情绪调节能力产生负面影响,导致自我控制能力下降[19]。童年不良经历可负向预测手机依赖,可能是因为童年不良经历较多往往意味着较差的家庭生活环境和不良的亲子关系,使青少年产生更多的孤独感,当青少年在遭遇心理压力时不愿向父母倾诉,更倾向于通过过度使用手机来弥补家庭关系的缺失,将手机作为缓解压力的“安慰剂”,加重了手机依赖程度[20]。自我控制能力可负向预测手机依赖,自我控制能力是指个体克服即时冲动、习惯或自动化反应,有意识地调节自身行为,以符合社会规范和长远目标的能力[21]。相关的研究也表明自我控制能力较强的青少年面对困难时更倾向于采取更加积极的处理方式,吸烟、饮酒、手机依赖等多种危害健康行为发生率均较低[22]。研究显示手机依赖可以负向预测自我控制能力,依据自我控制资源耗损理论,个体在一定时间内可以控制的资源是有限的,一旦消耗短时间内难以补充,青少年在长时间使用手机过程中,心态往往难以维持状态,常伴随兴奋、紧张、疲惫、挫折等心理感受,产生情绪损耗,造成个体控制资源的下降,影响青少年自我控制能力[23]
中介效应检验发现,自我控制在童年不良经历和初中生手机依赖间存在中介作用,而自我控制在手机依赖和童年不良经历间不存在中介作用。童年不良经历较多的青少年,压力应激系统长期大量分泌压力应激激素,会损伤神经系统损伤,影响青少年对情绪的解读和处理,造成自我控制能力下降[24]。自我控制能力的下降会使青少年冲动控制、节制娱乐、抵制诱惑等多方面能力的下降,对手机使用的控制能力下降,造成手机依赖进一步加剧。
研究局限性:(1)本研究进行了跨度为6个月的二次测量,其关系的稳定性有待进一步观察;(2)由于本研究仅进行了二次追踪调查,由于模型限制,无法计算中介效应占比,未来应增加追踪次数;(3)本研究采用自评问卷,对童年不良经历自我控制与手机依赖的测量可能具有一定的主观性,未来应提高变量测量的准确性。
综上所述,童年不良经历可以正向影响初中生手机依赖,也可以通过自我控制间接影响初中生手机依赖。家长、学校和社会应该共同努力,为青少年创造一个健康、积极、向上的成长环境,针对青少年的个体差异和需求,提供可行化的服务,减少青少年不良经历;对于童年不良经历较多的青少年要加大关注力度,通过组织文体活动,开设专题讲座和辅导,提升自我控制能力,降低手机依赖发生率,为青少年健康成长营造良好环境。
  • 贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目(24RWZX026)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412506
  • 接收时间:2024-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-29
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贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目(24RWZX026)
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    1.贵州医科大学运动与健康学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.湖南医药学院,湖南 怀化 418000
    3.重庆市荣昌区教师进修学校

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