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Article(id=1241036336568783800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741968000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815719978, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815719978, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815719978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815719978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3214, endPage=3219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036336963048385, articleId=1241036336568783800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations of “weekend warrior” and regularly active physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to explore the associations between different physical activity (PA) patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, and to provide scientific evidence for health departments to formulate preventive strategies for depression and anxiety and refine PA guidelines.

Methods

Data from adults aged 18 years and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2012 were used. PA data were obtained through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants were divided into three groups based on the total time and frequency of Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA): inactive (MVPA time≤150 min/week), weekend warrior (WW; MVPA time≥150 min/week, and MVPA frequency≤2 days/week) and regularly active (RA; MVPA time≥150 min/week, and MVPA frequency≥3 days/week). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Anxiety Self-Report Questionnaire, respectively. Multiple weighted logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Results

A total of 15 851 participants were included in this study, including 10 694 (67.5%) in the inactive, 1 006 (6.3%) in the WW, and 4 151 (26.2%) in the RA. Compared with the inactive, the WW and RA had a lower risk of depressive symptoms by 67.9% (OR=0.321, 95% CI: 0.205-0.502) and 49.1% (OR=0.509, 95% CI: 0.383-0.676), respectively.In terms of anxiety symptoms, compared with the group, RA was associated with a 17.2% lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.719-0.954), while WW had no statistically significant lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.800, 95% CI:0.628-1.018). There was no statistical difference in the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms between WW and RA (P>0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that both WW and RA, as long as they meet the PA guidelines (MVPA time≥150 min/week), can effectively reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in adults. For reducing the risk of anxiety symptoms, in addition to meeting the PA guidelines, it is also necessary to ensure PA for at least three days per week.

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目的

本研究旨在探讨不同体力活动（physical activity）模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关联，为卫生部门制定预防抑郁症和焦虑症发生和完善体力活动指南提供科学依据。

方法

使用美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）数据库2007—2012年18岁以上成年人的数据为研究对象。通过全球身体活动问卷（Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, GPAQ）收集体力活动数据，并根据每周中高强度体力活动（moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA）的时间和频率，将参与者分为三组：非活动组（MVPA时间<150 min/周）、周末战士（weekend warrior）组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≤2 day/周）和定期活动（regular active）组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≥3 day/周）。通过患者健康问卷和焦虑症状自我报告问卷分别评估抑郁和焦虑症状。运用加权多元逻辑回归模型分析体力活动模式与抑郁症状和焦虑症状的关系。

结果

最终共纳入15 851名参与者，其中非活动组10 694名（62.5%），周末战士组1 006名（7.3%），RA组4 151名（30.2%）。与非活动组相比，周末战士和定期活动组抑郁症状风险分别降低67.9%（OR=0.321, 95%CI: 0.205～0.502）和49.1%（OR=0.509, 95%CI: 0.383～0.676）。在焦虑症状方面，与非活动组相比，定期活动组的焦虑症状风险降低17.2%（OR=0.828, 95%CI: 0.719～0.954），而周末战士组焦虑症状风险降低无统计学意义（OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.628～1.018）。周末战士与定期活动组活动模式之间的抑郁和焦虑症状风险差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论

本研究表明，无论是采取周末战士还是定期活动，只要满足体力活动指南的推荐量（MVPA时间≥150 min/周），均能有效降低成年人患抑郁症状的风险。对于降低焦虑症状风险，除了需达到体力活动指南推荐量外，还需保证每周至少进行三天的体力活动。

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杨亚南，E-mail:
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游济凯（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：运动健康与促进

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Series a, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2024, 79(7): glae083., articleTitle=Exercise to mitigate cerebrovascular aging: a geroscience perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139378702046124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=107, issue=null, pageStart=525, pageEnd=539, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, journalName=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, et al. Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity[J]. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019, 107: 525-539., articleTitle=Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139378802709432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Liu YY, Feng QK, Guo KL, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YY, Feng QK, Guo KL. Physical activity and depression of Chinese college students: chain mediating role of rumination and anxiety[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14: 1190836., articleTitle=Physical activity and depression of Chinese college students: chain mediating role of rumination and anxiety, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139378920149958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=150, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Chair SY, Cheng HY, Chew HSJ, journalName=Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chair SY, Cheng HY, Chew HSJ, et al. Leisure-Time physical activity and depressive symptoms among patients with coronary heart disease: the mediating role of physical activity Self-Efficacy[J]. Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing, 2020, 17(2): 144-150., articleTitle=Leisure-Time physical activity and depressive symptoms among patients with coronary heart disease: the mediating role of physical activity Self-Efficacy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139379033396178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=298, pageEnd=328, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Ross RE, VanDerwerker CJ, Saladin ME, journalName=Molecular Psychiatry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ross RE, VanDerwerker CJ, Saladin ME, et al. The role of exercise in the treatment of depression: biological underpinnings and clinical outcomes[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2023, 28(1): 298-328., articleTitle=The role of exercise in the treatment of depression: biological underpinnings and clinical outcomes, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139369180975566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139369189364176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, companyId=1241139369180975566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139369206141393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, companyId=1241139369180975566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西师范大学体育学院，江西 南昌 330022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139369285833170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139369294221779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, companyId=1241139369285833170, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海军军医大学军事卫生学院卫生管理系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139373329142373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics of participants ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体（n=15 851）非活动组（n=10 694）周末战士组（n=1 006）定期活动组（n=4 151）P值
年龄（岁）<0.001
<457 055 (47.6)4 089 (38.2)684 (68.0)2 282 (55.0)
≥458 796 (52.4)6 605 (61.8)322 (32.0)1 869 (45.0)
性别<0.001
男性7 904 (49.1)4 899 (45.8)728 (72.4)2 277 (54.9)
女性7 947 (50.9)5 795 (54.2)278 (27.6)1 874 (45.1)
种族<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人2 473 (8.2)1 767 (16.5)170 (16.9)536 (12.9)
其他西班牙裔1 680 (5.5)1 221 (11.4)91 (9.05)368 (8.87)
非西班牙裔白人7 032 (68.8)4 582 (42.8)429 (42.6)2 021 (48.7)
非西班牙裔黑人3 424 (11.2)2 382 (22.3)227 (22.6)815 (19.6)
其他种族1 242 (6.3)742 (6.94)89 (8.85)411 (9.90)
教育程度<0.001
高中以下1 689 (5.6)1414 (13.2)60 (5.96)215 (5.18)
高中6 380 (36.0)4 726 (44.2)386 (38.4)1 268 (30.6)
大学及以上7 766 (58.4)4 541 (42.5)560 (55.7)2 665 (64.2)
PIR<0.001
<13 303 (15.3)2 400 (24.7)187 (20.3)716 (18.5)
1～1.993 918 (20.4)2 872 (29.6)229 (24.8)817 (21.1)
2～3.993 666 (28.0)2 463 (25.4)241 (26.1)962 (24.8)
≥43 623 (36.3)1 978 (20.4)266 (28.8)1 379 (35.6)
婚姻状况0.128
已婚8 842 (63.1)6 111 (59.4)535 (57.5)2 196 (57.6)
单身6 195 (36.9)4 185 (40.6)396 (42.5)1 614 (42.4)
BMI（kg/m2）<0.001
<25（低到正常）4 764 (31.6)2 892 (27.4)362 (36.2)1 510 (36.5)
25～<30（超重）5 189 (33.6)3 384 (32.1)348 (34.8)1 457 (35.3)
≥30（肥胖）5 724 (34.8)4 268 (40.5)291 (29.1)1 165 (28.2)
吸烟状况<0.001
非吸烟8 102 (54.4)5 324 (51.7)504 (54.2)2 274 (59.7)
过去吸烟3 697 (24.8)2 538 (24.6)199 (21.4)960 (25.2)
当前吸烟3 239 (20.8)2 435 (23.6)227 (24.4)577 (15.1)
糖尿病<0.001
否13 235 (87.9)8 544 (79.9)923 (91.7)3 768 (90.8)
是2616 (12.1)2150 (20.1)83 (8.25)383 (9.23)
高血压<0.001
否9 383 (64.0)5 792 (54.2)755 (75.0)2 836 (68.3)
是6 468 (36.0)4 902 (45.8)251 (25.0)1 315 (31.7)
焦虑症状<0.001
否11 834 (74.3)7 777 (72.7)800 (79.5)3 257 (78.5)
是4 017 (25.7)2 917 (27.3)206 (20.5)894 (21.5)
抑郁症状<0.001
否14 366 (92.1)9 458 (88.4)966 (96.0)3 942 (95.0)
是1 485 (7.9)1 236 (11.6)40 (3.98)209 (5.03)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373467554412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

参与者一般临床资料［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体（n=15 851）非活动组（n=10 694）周末战士组（n=1 006）定期活动组（n=4 151）P值
年龄（岁）<0.001
<457 055 (47.6)4 089 (38.2)684 (68.0)2 282 (55.0)
≥458 796 (52.4)6 605 (61.8)322 (32.0)1 869 (45.0)
性别<0.001
男性7 904 (49.1)4 899 (45.8)728 (72.4)2 277 (54.9)
女性7 947 (50.9)5 795 (54.2)278 (27.6)1 874 (45.1)
种族<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人2 473 (8.2)1 767 (16.5)170 (16.9)536 (12.9)
其他西班牙裔1 680 (5.5)1 221 (11.4)91 (9.05)368 (8.87)
非西班牙裔白人7 032 (68.8)4 582 (42.8)429 (42.6)2 021 (48.7)
非西班牙裔黑人3 424 (11.2)2 382 (22.3)227 (22.6)815 (19.6)
其他种族1 242 (6.3)742 (6.94)89 (8.85)411 (9.90)
教育程度<0.001
高中以下1 689 (5.6)1414 (13.2)60 (5.96)215 (5.18)
高中6 380 (36.0)4 726 (44.2)386 (38.4)1 268 (30.6)
大学及以上7 766 (58.4)4 541 (42.5)560 (55.7)2 665 (64.2)
PIR<0.001
<13 303 (15.3)2 400 (24.7)187 (20.3)716 (18.5)
1～1.993 918 (20.4)2 872 (29.6)229 (24.8)817 (21.1)
2～3.993 666 (28.0)2 463 (25.4)241 (26.1)962 (24.8)
≥43 623 (36.3)1 978 (20.4)266 (28.8)1 379 (35.6)
婚姻状况0.128
已婚8 842 (63.1)6 111 (59.4)535 (57.5)2 196 (57.6)
单身6 195 (36.9)4 185 (40.6)396 (42.5)1 614 (42.4)
BMI（kg/m2）<0.001
<25（低到正常）4 764 (31.6)2 892 (27.4)362 (36.2)1 510 (36.5)
25～<30（超重）5 189 (33.6)3 384 (32.1)348 (34.8)1 457 (35.3)
≥30（肥胖）5 724 (34.8)4 268 (40.5)291 (29.1)1 165 (28.2)
吸烟状况<0.001
非吸烟8 102 (54.4)5 324 (51.7)504 (54.2)2 274 (59.7)
过去吸烟3 697 (24.8)2 538 (24.6)199 (21.4)960 (25.2)
当前吸烟3 239 (20.8)2 435 (23.6)227 (24.4)577 (15.1)
糖尿病<0.001
否13 235 (87.9)8 544 (79.9)923 (91.7)3 768 (90.8)
是2616 (12.1)2150 (20.1)83 (8.25)383 (9.23)
高血压<0.001
否9 383 (64.0)5 792 (54.2)755 (75.0)2 836 (68.3)
是6 468 (36.0)4 902 (45.8)251 (25.0)1 315 (31.7)
焦虑症状<0.001
否11 834 (74.3)7 777 (72.7)800 (79.5)3 257 (78.5)
是4 017 (25.7)2 917 (27.3)206 (20.5)894 (21.5)
抑郁症状<0.001
否14 366 (92.1)9 458 (88.4)966 (96.0)3 942 (95.0)
是1 485 (7.9)1 236 (11.6)40 (3.98)209 (5.03)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373605966453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, with the inactive group as the reference

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体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.321 (0.205～0.502)<0.0010.800 (0.628～1.018)0.068
定期活动组0.509 (0.383～0.676)<0.0010.828 (0.719～0.954)0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373698241149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和焦症状的关系（以非活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.321 (0.205～0.502)<0.0010.800 (0.628～1.018)0.068
定期活动组0.509 (0.383～0.676)<0.0010.828 (0.719～0.954)0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373786321538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, with the RA group as the reference

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P 值OR (95%CI)P值
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.630 (0.376～1.056)0.0780.966 (0.742～1.258)0.789
非活动组1.964 (1.480～2.608)<0.0011.208 (1.048～1.391)0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373866013323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和症状的关系（以定期活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P 值OR (95%CI)P值
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.630 (0.376～1.056)0.0780.966 (0.742～1.258)0.789
非活动组1.964 (1.480～2.608)<0.0011.208 (1.048～1.391)0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241139373954093713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms using the inactive group as the reference

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
非活动组1(Ref)1 (Ref)
周末战士组0.323 (0.203～0.513)<0.0010.784 (0.613～1.004)0.054
定期活动组0.515 (0.359～0.739)0.0010.798 (0.674～0.945)0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374054757020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系（以非活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
非活动组1(Ref)1 (Ref)
周末战士组0.323 (0.203～0.513)<0.0010.784 (0.613～1.004)0.054
定期活动组0.515 (0.359～0.739)0.0010.798 (0.674～0.945)0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374151226021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms using the RA group as the reference

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
定期活动组1 (Ref)1 (Ref)
周末战士组0.627 (0.370～1.062)0.0800.983 (0.752～1.285)0.896
非活动组1.940 (1.352～2.783)0.0011.253 (1.059～1.483)0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374256083630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系（以定期活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
定期活动组1 (Ref)1 (Ref)
周末战士组0.627 (0.370～1.062)0.0800.983 (0.752～1.285)0.896
非活动组1.940 (1.352～2.783)0.0011.253 (1.059～1.483)0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374381912760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, with the inactive group as the reference

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症焦虑症
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
男性
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.297 (0.168～0.523)<0.0010.824 (0.595～1.143)0.237
定期活动组0.643 (0.437～0.945)0.0260.855 (0.734～0.996)0.044
女性
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.385 (0.165～0.896)0.0280.772 (0.529～1.128)0.174
定期活动组0.421 (0.293～0.606)<0.0010.810 (0.650～1.011)0.062
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374469993151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系（以非活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症焦虑症
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
男性
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.297 (0.168～0.523)<0.0010.824 (0.595～1.143)0.237
定期活动组0.643 (0.437～0.945)0.0260.855 (0.734～0.996)0.044
女性
非活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.385 (0.165～0.896)0.0280.772 (0.529～1.128)0.174
定期活动组0.421 (0.293～0.606)<0.0010.810 (0.650～1.011)0.062
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374553879239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Association between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, with the RA group as the reference

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症焦虑症
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
男性
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.462 (0.237～0.899)0.0240.964 (0.692～1.345)0.825
非活动 组1.555 (1.058～2.286)0.0261.170 (1.004～1.363)0.044
女性
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.914 (0.376～2.225)0.8380.953 (0.644～1.409)0.803
非活动组2.375 (1.650～3.418)<0.0011.234 (0.989～1.539)0.062
), ArticleFig(id=1241139374641959632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036336568783800, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系（以定期活动组为对照）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动模式抑郁症焦虑症
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
男性
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.462 (0.237～0.899)0.0240.964 (0.692～1.345)0.825
非活动 组1.555 (1.058～2.286)0.0261.170 (1.004～1.363)0.044
女性
定期活动组1(Ref)1(Ref)
周末战士组0.914 (0.376～2.225)0.8380.953 (0.644～1.409)0.803
非活动组2.375 (1.650～3.418)<0.0011.234 (0.989～1.539)0.062
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“周末战士”和规律活动与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系研究
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游济凯 1 , 龙婧 1 , 王泽众 2 , 杨亚南 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(17): 3214-3219
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(17): 3214-3219
“周末战士”和规律活动与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系研究
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游济凯1, 龙婧1, 王泽众2, 杨亚南1
作者信息
  • 1.江西师范大学体育学院，江西 南昌 330022
  • 2.海军军医大学军事卫生学院卫生管理系

    • 游济凯（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：运动健康与促进

通讯作者:

杨亚南，E-mail:
Associations of “weekend warrior” and regularly active physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms
Ji-kai YOU1, Jing LONG1, Ze-zhong WANG2, Ya-nan YANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503224
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摘要
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目的

本研究旨在探讨不同体力活动（physical activity）模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关联，为卫生部门制定预防抑郁症和焦虑症发生和完善体力活动指南提供科学依据。

方法

使用美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）数据库2007—2012年18岁以上成年人的数据为研究对象。通过全球身体活动问卷（Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, GPAQ）收集体力活动数据，并根据每周中高强度体力活动（moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA）的时间和频率，将参与者分为三组：非活动组（MVPA时间<150 min/周）、周末战士（weekend warrior）组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≤2 day/周）和定期活动（regular active）组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≥3 day/周）。通过患者健康问卷和焦虑症状自我报告问卷分别评估抑郁和焦虑症状。运用加权多元逻辑回归模型分析体力活动模式与抑郁症状和焦虑症状的关系。

结果

最终共纳入15 851名参与者，其中非活动组10 694名（62.5%），周末战士组1 006名（7.3%），RA组4 151名（30.2%）。与非活动组相比，周末战士和定期活动组抑郁症状风险分别降低67.9%（OR=0.321, 95%CI: 0.205～0.502）和49.1%（OR=0.509, 95%CI: 0.383～0.676）。在焦虑症状方面，与非活动组相比，定期活动组的焦虑症状风险降低17.2%（OR=0.828, 95%CI: 0.719～0.954），而周末战士组焦虑症状风险降低无统计学意义（OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.628～1.018）。周末战士与定期活动组活动模式之间的抑郁和焦虑症状风险差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论

本研究表明，无论是采取周末战士还是定期活动，只要满足体力活动指南的推荐量（MVPA时间≥150 min/周），均能有效降低成年人患抑郁症状的风险。对于降低焦虑症状风险，除了需达到体力活动指南推荐量外，还需保证每周至少进行三天的体力活动。

周末战士  /  体力活动模式  /  抑郁症  /  焦虑症
Objective

This study aimed to explore the associations between different physical activity (PA) patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms, and to provide scientific evidence for health departments to formulate preventive strategies for depression and anxiety and refine PA guidelines.

Methods

Data from adults aged 18 years and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2012 were used. PA data were obtained through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants were divided into three groups based on the total time and frequency of Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA): inactive (MVPA time≤150 min/week), weekend warrior (WW; MVPA time≥150 min/week, and MVPA frequency≤2 days/week) and regularly active (RA; MVPA time≥150 min/week, and MVPA frequency≥3 days/week). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Anxiety Self-Report Questionnaire, respectively. Multiple weighted logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between PA patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Results

A total of 15 851 participants were included in this study, including 10 694 (67.5%) in the inactive, 1 006 (6.3%) in the WW, and 4 151 (26.2%) in the RA. Compared with the inactive, the WW and RA had a lower risk of depressive symptoms by 67.9% (OR=0.321, 95% CI: 0.205-0.502) and 49.1% (OR=0.509, 95% CI: 0.383-0.676), respectively.In terms of anxiety symptoms, compared with the group, RA was associated with a 17.2% lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.719-0.954), while WW had no statistically significant lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.800, 95% CI:0.628-1.018). There was no statistical difference in the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms between WW and RA (P>0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that both WW and RA, as long as they meet the PA guidelines (MVPA time≥150 min/week), can effectively reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in adults. For reducing the risk of anxiety symptoms, in addition to meeting the PA guidelines, it is also necessary to ensure PA for at least three days per week.

Weekend warrior  /  Physical activity pattern  /  Depression  /  Anxiety
游济凯, 龙婧, 王泽众, 杨亚南. “周末战士”和规律活动与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3214 -3219 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503224
Ji-kai YOU, Jing LONG, Ze-zhong WANG, Ya-nan YANG. Associations of “weekend warrior” and regularly active physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3214 -3219 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503224
正文
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根据2019年全球疾病负担研究，精神障碍，包括抑郁症和焦虑症，仍然是全球疾病负担的关键因素之一[1]。全球超过3亿人口遭受抑郁症和焦虑症的困扰，且这些疾病的发病率逐年上升。自1990年以来，焦虑症状的患者数量增长了50%，特别是抑郁症状，在全球十大致残病因中位居首位[2]。因此，开发针对抑郁症和焦虑症的预防和治疗策略至关重要。
目前，抑郁症和焦虑症的主要治疗方法包括药物治疗和心理治疗[3-4]。然而，这些治疗方法往往成本高昂，可能存在潜在副作用，且仅能部分减轻疾病负担，估计在10%～30%之间，并且药物治疗可能存在潜在副作用[5]。体力活动（physical activity）被认为是一种有效的干预措施，能够降低患抑郁症和焦虑症风险[6]。世界卫生组织建议成年人每周至少进行150 min的中等强度体力活动（moderate physical activity, MPA），每周75 min的高等强度体力活动（vigorous physical activity, VPA），或两者的等效组合。尽管如此，关于如何积累中高强度体力活动（moderate-to- vigorous physical activity, MVPA）的具体建议尚未明确。英国国家医疗服务体系建议MVPA应在每周4～5 d均匀分布，或每天进行。相较于每周五天进行每次30 min MVPA的人群，那些将所有活动集中在每周一天或两天内完成的人通常被归类为“周末战士”（weekend warrior）。随着全球社会的节奏加快，频繁参与体力活动可能越来越不符合繁忙的生活方式，导致周末战士的比例逐渐上升。一项meta分析显示，周末战士和定期活动（regular active）均能有效降低心血管疾病和死亡风险[7]，然而，关于周末战士与抑郁症状和焦虑症状患病风险的关系研究尚不充分，特别是，周末战士与非活动状态相比是否更具益处，以及其是否与定期活动具有同等效果，目前尚无定论。
鉴于上述情况，本研究采用美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）数据库的数据，旨在探讨不同体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状患病风险的关系。本研究的目的在于提升公众对体力活动在预防抑郁和焦虑症等精神心理疾病中的重要作用的认识，并为制定降低精神疾病风险的策略提供科学依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究选取NHANES数据库2007—2012年三个周期的参与者为研究对象，因为在这些周期中拥有全球体力活动问卷（Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, GPAQ）、患者健康问卷-9（Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9）和焦虑症自我报告问卷的完整数据。
三个周期共包括30 442名参与者。经过筛选，排除未成年参与者11 823名、缺失抑郁量表和焦虑问卷数据的参与者2 748名，以及缺失体力活动数据的参与者20名，最终共有15 851名参与者被纳入本研究。
1.2　体力活动相关数据计算
本研究采用GPAQ对参与者的休闲体力活动持续时间与频率进行评估。根据GPAQ数据，本研究将休闲体力活动分为MPA、VPA和MVPA，活动频率为一周内活动的天数。MPA时间的计算方法为每周MPA活动频率乘以单次活动持续时间；VPA时间的计算方法为每周VPA活动频率乘以单次活动持续时间。MVPA时间则为MPA时间与VPA时间的两倍之和。MVPA活动频率定义为每周MPA或VPA活动的最大天数[8-9]，基于MVPA时间和频率，将参与者分为以下三组：非活动组（MVPA时间<150 min/周）、周末战士组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≤2 d/周）和定期活动组（MVPA时间≥150 min/周，且MVPA频率≥3 d/周）[8]。
1.3　抑郁和焦虑症状评估计算
NHANES数据库的病人健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9），每个问题的评分从0（一点也不）～3（几乎每天）分，总分为0～27分，用于抑郁症状筛查，PHQ-9得分越高表明抑郁症状越严重，可以评估参与者过去两周内各种抑郁症状的频率。本研究将抑郁症状定义为PHQ-9≥10分。该临界点经常被用于临床和流行病学研究中定义抑郁症状，并已通过临床验证，其敏感性和特异性均为88%[10]。
在个人访谈期间，通过以下问题评估焦虑状态，“在过去30 d内，您大约有多少天感到担心、紧张或焦虑？”该评估基于美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）制定的14项健康日衡量标准，该衡量标准是健康相关生活质量（health-related quality of life, HRQoL）评估的一部分。HRQoL监测问题的可靠性范围从中等到优秀。焦虑状态分类如下：否（每月0～6 d感到焦虑）和是（每月7～30 d感到焦虑）[11-12]。
1.4　协变量筛选
本研究在选取协变量时参考了Liang等[13]的研究，以控制潜在的混杂效应，确保研究结果的稳定性。所选协变量包括人口统计学特征、生活方式以及慢性疾病状况。人口统计学特征：包括性别、年龄、种族、教育程度、贫困收入比（poverty income ratio, PIR）和婚姻状况。种族分为墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、其他西班牙裔和其他种族；教育程度分为高中以下、高中和大学及以上；PIR用于衡量家庭收入与贫困线之间的比例关系，数值越低表明贫困越严重。本研究将PIR分为4个区间：<1、1～1.99、2～3.99、≥4。婚姻状况分为已婚（包括同居）和单身（包括离异、丧偶、分居、未婚）。生活方式因素：包括身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）和吸烟状况。BMI分为低到正常体重（<25 kg/m2）、超重（25 kg/m2～<30 kg/m2）和肥胖（≥30 kg/m2）；吸烟状况分为过去吸烟、当前吸烟和非吸烟三类。慢性疾病：包括高血压和糖尿病。二者诊断基于参与者自我报告、关键指标测量和药物治疗情况。高血压的诊断标准为收缩压≥140 mm Hg、舒张压≥90 mm Hg或经专业医疗人员诊断；糖尿病的诊断标准为糖化血红蛋白水平≥6.5%、空腹血糖水平≥1.26 mg/ml、随机血糖水平≥2 mg/ml或由医疗专业人员确诊[14]。
1.5　统计学分析
根据NHANES的分析指南，本研究在所有分析中均考虑了抽样概率的不平等性、特定亚群体的过度抽样以及无反应情况的调整，以确保所获得的全国性代表估计具有高度的准确性和可靠性。连续型变量使用（均数±标准差）进行描述，分类变量使用频数（加权百分比）表示。
本研究运用多元逻辑回归模型，系统评估体力活动模式与抑郁及焦虑症状风险之间的关联，并构建了相应的分析模型。在模型构建过程中，我们全面调整了以下三类关键协变量：人口统计学因素（年龄、性别、种族、婚姻、教育程度和PIR）、生活方式因素（BMI和吸烟状况）以及慢性疾病状况（高血压和糖尿病）。此外，本研究对性别进行分层分析。为了排除MVPA时间对结果的影响，还通过进一步调整MVPA时间进行敏感性分析。所有数据均使用R 4.3.1统计软件进行处理和分析，双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　一般临床资料
本研究最终共纳入15 851名参与者，其中女性7 947名（占50.9%），估计可代表2.03亿成年人。在所有参与者中，非活动组参与者有10694名（62.5%），周末战士组参与者1 006名（7.3%），定期活动组参与者4 151名（30.2%）。参与者平均年龄为（46.1±0.4）岁，患有焦虑症状者4 017名（占25.7%），患有抑郁症状者1 485名（占7.9%）。见表1。
2.2　体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状关系
由表2可知，在调整了人口统计学特征、生活方式和慢性疾病后，与非活动组相比，周末战士组和定期活动组成年人患抑郁症状风险分别降低了67.9%（OR=0.321,95%CI: 0.205～0.502）和49.1%（OR=0.509, 95%CI:0.383～0.676）。与非活动组相比，定期活动组成年人焦虑症状风险降低了17.2%（OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.719～0.954）。而周末战士组成年人焦虑症状风险降低无统计学意义（P=0.068）。
由表3可知，周末战士组与定期活动组在降低抑郁症状（OR=0.630, 95%CI: 0.376～1.056）和焦虑症状（OR=0.966, 95% CI: 0.742～1.258）风险方面不存在统计学上的显著差异。
2.3　敏感性分析
为了排除MVPA时间对结果的可能影响，本研究在模型基础上对MVPA时间进行了调整。与非活动组成年人相比时，周末战士和定期活动组的成年人抑郁症状风险上分别降低67.7%（OR=0.323, 95% CI: 0.203～0.513）和48.5%（OR=0.515,95% CI: 0.359～0.739），见表4。对于焦虑症状风险，仅在定期活动组的成年人中观察到统计学上的显著降低（OR= 0.798, 95% CI: 0.674～0.945）。在比较定期活动组与周末战士组的成年人时，抑郁和焦虑症状风险均未发现统计学上的显著差异（P>0.05），见表5。
为了评估性别对研究结果的影响，本研究进行了性别分层分析。体力活动模式对抑郁症状的影响在不同性别之间并无显著差异。与非活动组的成年人相比，周末战士组男性和女性成年人的抑郁症状患病风险分别降低了70.3%（OR=0.297, 95% CI: 0.168～0.523）和61.5%（OR=0.385, 95% CI: 0.165～0.896）。对于定期活动组成年人，男性和女性抑郁症状患病风险分别降低了35.7%（OR=0.643, 95% CI: 0.437～0.945）和57.9%（OR=0.421, 95% CI: 0.293～0.606）。见表6。
然而，体力活动对焦虑症状风险的影响在性别间存在差异。在定期活动组中，男性成年人的焦虑症状患病风险降低了14.5%（OR=0.855, 95% CI: 0.734～0.996），而在女性中未观察到统计学上的显著差异（P=0.062）；在周末战士组中，无论男性还是女性，焦虑症状风险的降低未达到统计学上的显著性（P>0.05）。
体力活动对抑郁症状风险的影响在性别间存在差异。与定期活动组相比，周末战士组的男性抑郁症状风险降低了53.8%（OR=0.462, 95%CI: 0.237～0.899），而在女性中未观察到统计学差异（P=0.838）。见表7。
体力活动模式对焦虑症状的影响在不同性别之间并无显著差异。与定期活动组相比，无论男性还是女性，周末战士组焦虑症状风险的降低均未达到统计学上的显著性（P>0.05）。
3　讨论
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本研究分析了15 851名美国成年人的数据，旨在探讨不同体力活动模式与抑郁及焦虑症状之间的关系。结果显示，达到世界卫生组织体力活动指南推荐的每周MVPA量（≥150 min/周），无论是通过周末战士还是定期活动组，均能有效降低抑郁症状风险。值得注意的是，尽管周末战士与定期活动组在降低抑郁症状风险方面效果相当，但定期活动组在减少焦虑症状风险方面表现更为显著。这一发现提示，为了降低焦虑症状的风险，除了满足体力活动指南的推荐活动量外，还应保证每周至少进行三次体力活动。性别亚组分析和调节MVPA时间的敏感性分析结果与主要结果一致。
现有研究集中于探讨每周体力活动的持续时间、代谢当量和类型（通勤体力活动和娱乐性体力活动等）与抑郁和焦虑症的关系。然而，关于达到推荐活动量所需的频率，尤其是周末战士与定期活动对抑郁和焦虑症状影响的研究还尚不充分。周末战士作为一种广泛流行的体力活动模式，已在糖尿病[15]、痴呆[16]等多个领域得到探究。Khurshid等[17]研究显示，周末战士与较低的心房颤动（HR=0.78，95% CI：0.74～0.83）、心肌梗死（HR=0.73，95% CI：0.67～0.80）、心力衰竭（HR=0.62，95% CI：0.56～0.68）和中风（HR=0.79，95% CI：0.71～0.88）风险相关。在本研究中，与非活动成年人相比，周末战士和定期活动组为抑郁症状保护因素，风险分别降低了67.9%和49.1%。
运动频率可能是影响运动改善焦虑症状的重要因素，一项针对49项研究的meta分析发现，每周锻炼3～4次可显著改善焦虑症状，而每周锻炼1～2次或超过5次则仅显示轻微改善，无统计学意义[18]。与本研究结果相似，与体力活动不足参与者相比，周末战士降低抑郁症状的作用并不明显。与Min等[19]利用UK Biobank数据库对75 629名参与者的加速度数据进行的研究结果不一致。Min等[19]研究发现，周末战士可以显著降低成年人的焦虑症状风险。这种差异可能源于研究设计和方法上的差异。一是，本研究依赖于参与者自我报告的体力活动数据，而Min等研究使用了加速度计等客观测量方法，减少了回忆偏差。二是，本研究纳入了不同年龄段的成年人，而Min等研究主要关注中老年人。尽管存在这些差异，本研究结果与Min等研究的结论一致，即周末战士与定期活动在降低抑郁症状风险方面具有相似的益处，这表明达到推荐的体力活动量对降低抑郁症状至关重要[20]。
体力活动对抑郁症和焦虑症的影响可通过生理和心理机制共同作用来解释。生理上，运动促进神经递质如去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的释放，这些递质对情绪调节和抑郁症状缓解至关重要[21]。同时，体力活动增加脑源性神经营养因子（brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF）水平，BDNF在神经可塑性和大脑功能维持中发挥关键作用[22]。此外，体力活动通过降低炎症反应和氧化应激，减少抑郁症和焦虑症的发生风险[23]。心理上，运动增强个体的自我效能感和自尊心，提升应对生活挑战的能力，从而降低焦虑水平[22]，团体运动还能提供社交支持，增强社会联系，缓解孤独感和焦虑[22]。规律的体力活动改善心血管健康，增强身体对压力的应对能力，进一步促进心理健康[24]。尽管已有研究揭示了体力活动对心理健康的积极影响，但关于定期活动和周末战士在改善心理健康方面是否存在机制差异的文献较少。未来需要更多随机对照试验来验证这两种活动模式对心理健康的具体影响机制，以及它们在不同人群中的适用性和效果。
目前的研究有几个优点和局限性。这项研究的主要优势是采用了一个大型的、具有全国代表性的数据集，这使得结果更具代表性。此外，分层分析和敏感性分析提高了本研究结果的可靠性和稳定性。然而，本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先，由于NHANES数据库的横断面设计，本研究无法推断出因果关系。其次，体力活动数据主要是通过国际体力活动问卷来收集，可能存在回忆偏差和测量误差，导致体力活动模式的评估不够准确。抑郁症状和焦虑症状的确定分别是基于自我报告的PHQ-9问卷和焦虑问卷，而不是临床心理检查。尽管如此，PHQ-9已经被验证用于临床精神病学干预。最后，可能存在其他未测量或残留的混淆。
本研究表明，遵循世界卫生组织体力活动指南体力活动推荐量（MVPA时间≥150 min/周）的周末战士和定期活动均能效降低成年人抑郁症状风险。定期活动在降低焦虑症状风险方面亦显示出显著优势，而周末战士与非活动参与者在焦虑症状风险方面无显著差异。因此，为降低焦虑症状风险，除达到体力活动指南推荐量外，还应鼓励个体每周至少进行三天体力活动。
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2025年第52卷第17期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503224
  • 接收时间：2025-03-15
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-09-10
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    1.江西师范大学体育学院，江西 南昌 330022
    2.海军军医大学军事卫生学院卫生管理系

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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