Article(id=1241036334341616027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503521, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815719446, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815719446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815719446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815719446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3202, endPage=3207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036335125950898, articleId=1241036334341616027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=An investigation into the determinants of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age based on Andersen model, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the factors affecting the acceptance of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age and provide evidence for improving pre-pregnancy health care services.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to investigate the pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination of 1 995 women of childbearing age in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province through questionnaires. Based on the Andersen theoretical model, four logistic regression analysis models were established to explore the factors influencing the acceptance of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination by women of childbearing age.

Results

The rate of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination was 61.1%, of which 53.1% were free and 46.9% were self-paid. The predisposing characteristics, enabling resource-financing, enabling resource-organization and perceived needs were incorporated into the regression model layer by layer. It was found that enabling resource-organization had the greatest impact. Model 4 had the strongest overall explanatory power. Logistic regression analysis results showed that women of childbearing age without insurance or only with commercial insurance (OR=0.526, 95% CI: 0.278-0.996) and those who purchased the urban-rural resident basic medical insurance (OR=0.757, 95% CI:0.597-0.959) had a lower rate of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination compared to those who purchased urban employee basic medical insurance (P<0.05). From the organizational perspective, women of childbearing age who knew about the free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination policy (OR=2.907, 95% CI: 2.267-3.728). From the perceived demand perspective, women who planned to get pregnant (OR=1.811,95% CI: 1.459-2.249) were more inclined to accept the pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination (P<0.05).

Conclusion

It is necessary to further promote the implementation of free pre-pregnancy health care service policy, strengthen health education based on primary medical and health institutions, and promote more women of childbearing age to take the initiative to accept pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination services.

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目的

探索影响育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查的因素,为优化孕前保健服务提供依据。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查四川省绵阳市1 995名育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查情况,以Andersen理论模型为基本框架,建立4个logistic回归分析模型,探讨影响育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查的因素。

结果

育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率为61.1%,其中免费检查占53.1%,自费检查占46.9%。将倾向性特征、使能资源-资金、使能资源-组织和感知需求逐层纳入回归模型,发现“使能资源-组织”影响最大。模型4的整体解释力最强,logistic回归分析结果表明,使能资源中,无保险或仅商业保险(OR=0.526,95%CI:0.278 ~ 0.996)、购买城乡居民医疗保险(OR=0.757,95%CI:0.597 ~ 0.959)较购买城镇职工医疗保险的育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率低(P<0.05);组织方面,做检查前知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策(OR=2.907,95%CI:2.267 ~ 3.728)的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查(P<0.05);感知需求中,计划妊娠(OR=1.811, 95%CI:1.459 ~ 2.249)的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查(P<0.05)。

结论

需积极推动免费孕前保健服务政策实施,强化基于基层医疗卫生机构的健康教育,推动更多育龄妇女主动接受孕前优生健康检查服务。

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潘杰,E-mail:
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温敏(1993-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健

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Factors associated with preconception health examination rate among females of early pregnancy in a district of Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health, 2023, 14(6): 16-21.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Factors associated with preconception health examination rate among females of early pregnancy in a district of Shanghai, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139386583142636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=1363, pageEnd=1368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=潘雨晴, 胡小素, 胡何晶, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘雨晴,胡小素,胡何晶,等.医院开展健康教育工作的现状与启示[J].中国公共卫生202339(10):1363-1368., articleTitle=医院开展健康教育工作的现状与启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139386692194547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=1363, pageEnd=1368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Pan YQ, Hu XS, Hu HJ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan YQ, Hu XS, Hu HJ, et al. Current situation and future development of health education in hospital: a brief discussion[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2023, 39(10): 1363-1368.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Current situation and future development of health education in hospital: a brief discussion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139386805440763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会妇幼健康司, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会妇幼健康司.国家卫生健康委办公厅关于统筹推进婚前孕前保健工作的通知[EB/OL].[2025-06-25]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s3589/202101/c98e1d8ff4b74e02866835c61c2649e9.shtml., articleTitle=国家卫生健康委办公厅关于统筹推进婚前孕前保健工作的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139386872549633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission, People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission,People's Republic of China. National health committee general office informed about overall promote premarital pregnancy care[EB/OL]. [2025-06-25]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s3589/202101/c98e1d8ff4b74e02866835c61c2649e9.shtml. (In Chinese), articleTitle=National health committee general office informed about overall promote premarital pregnancy care, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139386973212934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=71, issue=10, pageStart=603, pageEnd=612, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Poels M, Koster MP, Boeije HR, journalName=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Poels M, Koster MP, Boeije HR, et al. Why do women not use preconception care?a systematic review on barriers and facilitators[J].Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2016, 71(10): 603-612., articleTitle=Why do women not use preconception care?a systematic review on barriers and facilitators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139387073876235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=577, pageEnd=582, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=范生荣, 沈恋迪, 张丽峰, journalName=上海预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范生荣,沈恋迪,张丽峰,等.妇女再生育孕前保健服务利用意愿的影响因素分析[J].上海预防医学202234(6):577-582., articleTitle=妇女再生育孕前保健服务利用意愿的影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241139387178733840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=577, pageEnd=582, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Fan SR, Shen LD, Zhang LF, journalName=Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan SR, Shen LD, Zhang LF, et al. 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The British Journal of General Practice, 2022, 72(725): e865-e872., articleTitle=Effectiveness of preconception interventions in primary care: a systematic review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139382011351093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, awardId=Q23032, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q23032), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241139382153957440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, awardId=SWFZ22-Y-27, language=CN, fundingSource=川北医学院2022年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ22-Y-27), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139377565389636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139377573778244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, companyId=1241139377565389636, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu, Sichuan 610000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139377582166855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, companyId=1241139377565389636, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139377699607375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139377707995984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, companyId=1241139377699607375, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.绵阳市妇幼保健院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139379528324089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类分析项孕前优生健康检查人数孕前优生健康检查类型占比χ2P
自费免费
倾向性特征年龄(岁)
<25204(54.1)109(53.4)95(46.6)15.859<0.001
25 ~ 29569(64.6)242(42.5)327(57.5)
30 ~ 34309(58.5)149(48.2)160(51.8)
≥35138(66.0)72(52.2)66(47.8)
生育经历
初次生育664(62.5)300(45.2)364(54.8)1.6480.199
再次生育556(59.7)272(48.9)284(51.1)
民族
汉族1 154(61.1)544(47.1)610(52.9)0.0580.809
少数民族66(62.3)28(42.4)38(57.6)
常住地类型
城市422(61.7)214(50.7)208(49.3)1.1740.556
城镇480(62.0)207(43.1)273(56.9)
农村318(59.2)151(47.5)167(52.5)
户口
农业695(58.0)346(49.8)349(50.2)12.442<0.001
非农业525(65.9)226(43.0)299(57.0)
教育程度
初中及以下182(55.0)98(53.8)84(46.2)37.443<0.001
高中/中专248(51.9)134(54.0)114(46.0)
大专431(66.6)200(46.4)231(53.6)
本科及研究生359(66.6)140(39.0)219(61.0)
独生子女
755(59.7)355(47.0)400(53.0)2.9360.087
465(63.6)217(46.7)248(53.3)
就业
217(51.4)109(50.2)108(49.8)21.334<0.001
1 003(63.7)463(46.2)540(53.8)
住房性质
购买住房634(62.8)288(45.4)346(54.6)2.5330.282
自建住房或其他455(59.1)224(49.2)231(54.2)
租房131(60.4)60(46.9)71(53.1)
使能资源资金年家庭经济收入(万元)
<3287(60.6)152(53.0)135(47.0)3.4680.325
3 ~ 8501(60.8)224(44.7)277(55.3)
>8 ~ 15309(64.1)148(47.9)161(52.1)
>15123(56.9)48(39.0)75(61.0)
社会医疗保险
无保险或仅商业保险20(42.6)13(65.0)7(35.0)41.916<0.001
城乡居民医疗保险404(53.4)213(51.4)201(48.6)
城镇职工医疗保险726(67.2)346(44.0)440(56.0)
组织知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策
129(28.2)79(61.2)50(38.8)115.883<0.001
1 091(66.6)493(45.2)598(54.8)
感知需求计划妊娠
239(47.1)113(47.3)126(52.7)56.186<0.001
981(65.9)459(46.8)522(53.2)
患有疾病
1 045(62.5)494(47.3)551(52.7)8.7250.003
175(53.8)78(44.6)97(55.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379641569285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类分析项孕前优生健康检查人数孕前优生健康检查类型占比χ2P
自费免费
倾向性特征年龄(岁)
<25204(54.1)109(53.4)95(46.6)15.859<0.001
25 ~ 29569(64.6)242(42.5)327(57.5)
30 ~ 34309(58.5)149(48.2)160(51.8)
≥35138(66.0)72(52.2)66(47.8)
生育经历
初次生育664(62.5)300(45.2)364(54.8)1.6480.199
再次生育556(59.7)272(48.9)284(51.1)
民族
汉族1 154(61.1)544(47.1)610(52.9)0.0580.809
少数民族66(62.3)28(42.4)38(57.6)
常住地类型
城市422(61.7)214(50.7)208(49.3)1.1740.556
城镇480(62.0)207(43.1)273(56.9)
农村318(59.2)151(47.5)167(52.5)
户口
农业695(58.0)346(49.8)349(50.2)12.442<0.001
非农业525(65.9)226(43.0)299(57.0)
教育程度
初中及以下182(55.0)98(53.8)84(46.2)37.443<0.001
高中/中专248(51.9)134(54.0)114(46.0)
大专431(66.6)200(46.4)231(53.6)
本科及研究生359(66.6)140(39.0)219(61.0)
独生子女
755(59.7)355(47.0)400(53.0)2.9360.087
465(63.6)217(46.7)248(53.3)
就业
217(51.4)109(50.2)108(49.8)21.334<0.001
1 003(63.7)463(46.2)540(53.8)
住房性质
购买住房634(62.8)288(45.4)346(54.6)2.5330.282
自建住房或其他455(59.1)224(49.2)231(54.2)
租房131(60.4)60(46.9)71(53.1)
使能资源资金年家庭经济收入(万元)
<3287(60.6)152(53.0)135(47.0)3.4680.325
3 ~ 8501(60.8)224(44.7)277(55.3)
>8 ~ 15309(64.1)148(47.9)161(52.1)
>15123(56.9)48(39.0)75(61.0)
社会医疗保险
无保险或仅商业保险20(42.6)13(65.0)7(35.0)41.916<0.001
城乡居民医疗保险404(53.4)213(51.4)201(48.6)
城镇职工医疗保险726(67.2)346(44.0)440(56.0)
组织知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策
129(28.2)79(61.2)50(38.8)115.883<0.001
1 091(66.6)493(45.2)598(54.8)
感知需求计划妊娠
239(47.1)113(47.3)126(52.7)56.186<0.001
981(65.9)459(46.8)522(53.2)
患有疾病
1 045(62.5)494(47.3)551(52.7)8.7250.003
175(53.8)78(44.6)97(55.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379771592713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related indicators of goodness of fit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
倾向性特征
使能资源-资金
使能资源-组织
感知需求
模型拟合指标
AIC2 623.7652 617.2832 529.3392 499.730
BIC(SC)2 674.1512 667.6692 585.3232 566.910
-2 Log L2 605.7652 599.2832 509.3392 475.730
Cox Snell R20.029 50.032 70.075 30.090 8
Nagelkerke R20.040 10.044 30.102 20.123 1
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379930976275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拟合优度相关指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3模型4
倾向性特征
使能资源-资金
使能资源-组织
感知需求
模型拟合指标
AIC2 623.7652 617.2832 529.3392 499.730
BIC(SC)2 674.1512 667.6692 585.3232 566.910
-2 Log L2 605.7652 599.2832 509.3392 475.730
Cox Snell R20.029 50.032 70.075 30.090 8
Nagelkerke R20.040 10.044 30.102 20.123 1
), ArticleFig(id=1241139380035833883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类变量参数估计标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI
倾向性特征本次生育年龄(岁,ref:≥35)
<25-0.3290.1893.0290.0820.719(0.496 ~ 1.042)
25 ~ 29-0.0560.1710.1070.7440.946(0.676 ~ 1.322)
30 ~ 34-0.3320.1793.4510.0630.717(0.505 ~ 1.019)
教育程度(ref:本科及研究生)
初中及以下-0.0290.1750.0280.8670.971(0.689 ~ 1.369)
高中/中专-0.2910.1523.6570.0560.748(0.555 ~ 1.007)
大专0.1370.1311.0940.2961.147(0.887 ~ 1.482)
使能资源资金社会医疗保险(ref:城镇职工医疗保险)
无保险或仅商业保险-0.6420.3253.8930.0490.526(0.278 ~ 0.996)
城乡居民医疗保险-0.2790.1215.3250.0210.757(0.597 ~ 0.959)
组织知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策(ref:否)1.0670.12770.697<0.0012.907(2.267 ~ 3.728)
感知需求计划妊娠(ref:否)0.5940.11028.943<0.0011.811(1.459 ~ 2.249)
患有疾病(ref:否)-0.2440.1303.5180.0610.784(0.607 ~ 1.011)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381621280804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036334341616027, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Logistic回归多因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类变量参数估计标准误Waldχ2POR值(95%CI
倾向性特征本次生育年龄(岁,ref:≥35)
<25-0.3290.1893.0290.0820.719(0.496 ~ 1.042)
25 ~ 29-0.0560.1710.1070.7440.946(0.676 ~ 1.322)
30 ~ 34-0.3320.1793.4510.0630.717(0.505 ~ 1.019)
教育程度(ref:本科及研究生)
初中及以下-0.0290.1750.0280.8670.971(0.689 ~ 1.369)
高中/中专-0.2910.1523.6570.0560.748(0.555 ~ 1.007)
大专0.1370.1311.0940.2961.147(0.887 ~ 1.482)
使能资源资金社会医疗保险(ref:城镇职工医疗保险)
无保险或仅商业保险-0.6420.3253.8930.0490.526(0.278 ~ 0.996)
城乡居民医疗保险-0.2790.1215.3250.0210.757(0.597 ~ 0.959)
组织知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策(ref:否)1.0670.12770.697<0.0012.907(2.267 ~ 3.728)
感知需求计划妊娠(ref:否)0.5940.11028.943<0.0011.811(1.459 ~ 2.249)
患有疾病(ref:否)-0.2440.1303.5180.0610.784(0.607 ~ 1.011)
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基于Andersen模型的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查影响因素研究
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温敏 1, 2 , 潘杰 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(17): 3202-3207
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(17): 3202-3207
基于Andersen模型的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查影响因素研究
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温敏1, 2, 潘杰1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610000
  • 2.绵阳市妇幼保健院
  • 温敏(1993-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:儿少卫生与妇幼保健

通讯作者:

潘杰,E-mail:
An investigation into the determinants of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age based on Andersen model
Min WEN1, 2, Jie PAN1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu, Sichuan 610000,China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503521
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目的

探索影响育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查的因素,为优化孕前保健服务提供依据。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查四川省绵阳市1 995名育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查情况,以Andersen理论模型为基本框架,建立4个logistic回归分析模型,探讨影响育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查的因素。

结果

育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率为61.1%,其中免费检查占53.1%,自费检查占46.9%。将倾向性特征、使能资源-资金、使能资源-组织和感知需求逐层纳入回归模型,发现“使能资源-组织”影响最大。模型4的整体解释力最强,logistic回归分析结果表明,使能资源中,无保险或仅商业保险(OR=0.526,95%CI:0.278 ~ 0.996)、购买城乡居民医疗保险(OR=0.757,95%CI:0.597 ~ 0.959)较购买城镇职工医疗保险的育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率低(P<0.05);组织方面,做检查前知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策(OR=2.907,95%CI:2.267 ~ 3.728)的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查(P<0.05);感知需求中,计划妊娠(OR=1.811, 95%CI:1.459 ~ 2.249)的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查(P<0.05)。

结论

需积极推动免费孕前保健服务政策实施,强化基于基层医疗卫生机构的健康教育,推动更多育龄妇女主动接受孕前优生健康检查服务。

Andersen模型  /  育龄妇女  /  孕前优生健康检查  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the factors affecting the acceptance of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age and provide evidence for improving pre-pregnancy health care services.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to investigate the pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination of 1 995 women of childbearing age in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province through questionnaires. Based on the Andersen theoretical model, four logistic regression analysis models were established to explore the factors influencing the acceptance of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination by women of childbearing age.

Results

The rate of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination was 61.1%, of which 53.1% were free and 46.9% were self-paid. The predisposing characteristics, enabling resource-financing, enabling resource-organization and perceived needs were incorporated into the regression model layer by layer. It was found that enabling resource-organization had the greatest impact. Model 4 had the strongest overall explanatory power. Logistic regression analysis results showed that women of childbearing age without insurance or only with commercial insurance (OR=0.526, 95% CI: 0.278-0.996) and those who purchased the urban-rural resident basic medical insurance (OR=0.757, 95% CI:0.597-0.959) had a lower rate of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination compared to those who purchased urban employee basic medical insurance (P<0.05). From the organizational perspective, women of childbearing age who knew about the free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination policy (OR=2.907, 95% CI: 2.267-3.728). From the perceived demand perspective, women who planned to get pregnant (OR=1.811,95% CI: 1.459-2.249) were more inclined to accept the pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination (P<0.05).

Conclusion

It is necessary to further promote the implementation of free pre-pregnancy health care service policy, strengthen health education based on primary medical and health institutions, and promote more women of childbearing age to take the initiative to accept pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination services.

Andersen model  /  Women of childbearing age  /  Pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination  /  Influencing factors
温敏, 潘杰. 基于Andersen模型的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3202 -3207 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503521
Min WEN, Jie PAN. An investigation into the determinants of pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination for women of childbearing age based on Andersen model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3202 -3207 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503521
孕前优生健康检查是我国出生缺陷综合防治工作中的关键环节,不仅可以有效改善妊娠结局,提高母婴近期及远期健康水平,还能降低卫生保健服务费用[1-2],在三孩生育政策背景下,对于促进生殖健康、提高人口素质,以及缓和生育率下降趋势具有重要意义。但大部分研究显示我国育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查现状不容乐观,且受多种因素影响。目前,全国出生缺陷发生率有所上升,免费项目推进受阻,而既往研究缺少理论模型支持,影响因素未进行归类,未提出针对性干预措施,且少有研究分析免费和自费优生健康检查情况。本研究对四川省绵阳市育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查现状开展调查,基于Andersen医疗卫生服务利用行为模型探讨影响育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查的因素,以确定采取改善措施的优先关注领域,不断提高孕前优生健康检查覆盖率,促进妇幼健康水平提升。
本研究开展时间为2023年12月—2024年1月,由基层医疗卫生机构和托幼机构工作人员通过面对面询问或转发问卷星二维码进行现况调查,调查对象为2017—2023年已分娩且常住四川省绵阳市的15~49岁已育育龄妇女。调查对象采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法选取。第一阶段,根据各县市区2017—2023年的常住产妇数量,确定各个地区的调查样本数量。第二阶段,根据经济发展水平和所处地理位置,分别抽取街道和乡镇。第三阶段,根据每个样本街道和乡镇的妇幼管理登记册,随机抽取常住的育龄妇女作为调查对象,排除经研究者解释拒绝参与问卷调查者。本研究已获得绵阳市妇幼保健院医学伦理委员会审查通过(伦审〔2022〕034号)。共收集问卷2 018份,有效问卷1 995份,问卷有效率98.9%。
Andersen模型表明,个人在决定是否利用医疗卫生服务时主要受倾向性特征、使能资源和需求因素三方面的影响,“倾向性特征”是倾向于利用医疗卫生服务人群所具备的个体特征和社会结构因素,包括人口学、遗传基因、社会结构以及健康信念四个指标;“使能资源”指个体获得医疗卫生服务的能力以及医疗卫生服务资源的可获得性,包括资金和组织二个指标;“需求”指个体感受到的医疗服务需要,包括感知需求和评估需求二个指标[3]。基于Andersen模型,参考相关文献指标解读以及实证研究[4-5],自行设计调查问卷,问卷内容包括倾向性特征中的年龄、生育经历、教育程度、民族、户口、职业、常住地类型、是否独生子女、住房性质等内容,使能资源包括家庭收入、医疗保险类型以及检查前免费孕前优生健康检查政策知晓情况等内容,需求因素包括计划妊娠和患有影响生育的相关疾病情况。结果变量为育龄妇女是否接受过孕前优生健康检查,检查需在医疗卫生机构内进行,且至少有孕前咨询和健康教育以及相关实验室辅助检查,包括自费和免费检查。
在问卷的应答设计上,各指标间进行了逻辑设置,所有问卷题目未答完不允许提交答卷,只允许从微信作答且一个微信仅允许作答一次。根据确定好的调查地区和机构,组织相关人员通过国家“云上妇幼”远程医疗平台(四川省)进行线上培训。开展正式调查研究前,开展了预调查以熟悉流程和修改完善调查问卷。各地根据需要配备一名联络员,负责协调监督本地区的调查工作,建立微信工作群,及时了解和解答调查过程中出现的问题。
利用excel建立数据库,逻辑检错后导入SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。采用率或构成比对计数资料进行统计描述,采用χ2检验进行组间比较,趋势χ2检验(Cochran-Armitage趋势检验)描述随年份变化趋势是否存在统计学意义。根据Andersen模型的维度和层次,建立4个logistic回归模型探讨影响育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查的因素。所有检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究最终纳入分析的育龄妇女共计1 995人,其中778人(39%)的居住地在城镇、678人(34%)在城市,539人(27%)在农村;60%是农业户口;95%为汉族;70.2%年龄在26~35岁;32.4%文化程度为大学专科;65.5%家庭年收入在3~15万;98.2%购买了医疗保险;54.9%为非独生子女;16.3%报告孕前患有疾病,主要是贫血、超重或肥胖和甲状腺功能减退征。
本研究调查的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率为61.1%,其中免费检查占53.1%,自费检查占46.9%,2017—2023年育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率随着年份的变化趋势无统计学意义(Z=-1.647,P=0.099)。绵阳市在2017年已实现免费孕前优生健康检查城乡居民和区域全覆盖,本次调查的育龄妇女免费孕前优生健康检查率为32.5%,随着年份的变化趋势无统计学意义(Z=-0.223,P=0.824)。
(1)倾向性特征中,不同怀孕年龄、户口性质、文化程度以及是否就业的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,年龄≥35岁、非农业户籍、学历专科及以上以及就业的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率最高,而年龄<25岁、农业户口、学历为高中/中专、未就业的育龄妇女免费孕前优生健康检查的比例最低;不同生育经历、民族、常住地类型以及是否独生子女的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)使能资源中,资金方面,购买城镇职工医疗保险的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率最高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而无医疗保险或者仅购买商业保险的育龄妇女最低,自费比例高于免费;不同年家庭经济收入的育龄妇女间检查率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织方面,检查前知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策的育龄妇女检查率高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),免费比例高于自费。(3)感知需求中,计划妊娠、未患有相关疾病的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),免费检查比例高于自费检查。见表1
以育龄妇女是否进行孕前优生健康检查为因变量(否=0,是=1),对上述单因素分析有统计学意义的8个变量进行多重共线性检验,方差膨胀因子(VIF)均小于10且大于0,因此全部纳入logistic回归模型。
共建立4个回归分析模型,将倾向性特征、使能资源-资金、使能资源-组织和感知需求逐层纳入回归模型,模型4的赤池信息准则/贝叶司信息准则(AIC/BIC)值最小,拟合程度最优。通过对比Cox&Snell R2和Nagelkerke R2的变化,加入“使能资源-组织”因素后,模型解释力度增长幅度最大,“使能资源-组织”因素对育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查影响最大。见表2
模型4的整体解释力最强,logistic回归结果表明,使能资源中,资金方面,无保险或仅商业保险、购买城乡居民医疗保险较购买城镇职工医疗保险的育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率低(P<0.05);组织方面,做检查前知晓免费孕前优生健康检查政策的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查;感知需求中,计划妊娠的育龄妇女更倾向于接受孕前优生健康检查。见表3
近年来,越来越多的研究证实围孕期保健在降低不良妊娠结局发生方面发挥了重要作用,然而孕前保健常常被忽视,国内不同地区围孕期保健服务利用率各异,孕前优生健康检查率多在6%~50%不等[6]。本研究显示,四川省绵阳市育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率为61.1%,与王慧[7]等在湖州市城区的研究结果较为一致(60.3%),高于卢裕萍[8]等2012年调查的四川省城乡孕妇的孕前健康检查率(42.4%,城市为51.3%,农村为33.3%),且不存在城乡差异。绵阳市免费孕前优生健康检查率为32.4%,低于浙江省诸暨市城区[9]研究结果(37.2%),高于郴州市农村[10]孕前保健情况调查结果(24.3%)。绵阳市育龄妇女自费(28.6%)和免费(32.5%)孕前优生健康检查率差异较小,高于上海市某区[11]早孕女性调查结果(34.9%,其中自费为26.5%,免费为8.4%),7年来保持稳定。
本次调查的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率仍较低,基于Andersen模型进行logistic回归分析结果显示,影响最大的因素是使能资源中的组织相关因素。“组织”指个体可获得的满足自身医疗服务需求的组织,常用的测量指标包括医疗卫生服务的可及性、服务供给方提供服务的方式与内容、家庭/社会支持等[3]。国家实施免费孕前优生健康检查项目,每一对计划怀孕夫妇都能接受免费检查服务,免费检查服务机构、乡级和村级医疗卫生机构在宣传政策的同时开展形式多样的孕前保健健康教育。本研究中知晓免费政策的育龄妇女孕前优生健康检查率是不知晓的2.907倍(P<0.05),且免费和自费的优生健康检查率均高于不知晓政策的育龄妇女,健康教育和健康促进能够有效提高人群的健康知识水平,促进健康行为[12]。然而,尽管《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》明确将“主动接受孕前优生健康检查”纳入评估指标体系,将健康教育、孕前优生健康检查、增补叶酸作为重点任务列入妇幼健康促进及健康知识普及专项行动[13],但各地对孕前保健的重视程度不足,且目前主要是以项目形式投入,健康教育标准化资料和人员经费等未纳入项目资金预算,加上妇幼保健体系外的医疗卫生机构和项目外医务人员参与较少,导致部分育龄妇女无法知晓孕前优生健康检查政策或知晓途径有限。本研究也发现自费进行孕前优生健康检查的比例占46.9%,这种“基于医院的孕前保健模式”是“国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目”的补充,以孕前门诊或遗传咨询门诊为中心开展孕前保健,但这一模式往往只重视单次的医学检查,在改善育龄妇女的健康状况、减少或消除风险因素方面的效果有限。
计划妊娠是育龄妇女接受孕前优生健康检查服务的促进因素[14],本研究发现计划妊娠的育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率是非计划妊娠的1.811倍(P<0.05)。但值得注意的是,接受孕前优生健康检查服务的育龄妇女中,19.6%为非计划妊娠,且免费检查的比例高于自费,这部分育龄妇女仅为政策覆盖下的受益人群,或为偶然条因素下主动购买服务的人群,她们往往不会采取积极地干预措施改善健康状况。三孩生育政策背景下,计划妊娠更为重要,再生育妇女由于高龄及生育史等原因,孕前风险因素检出率相对更高,但国内外多个研究均发现初产妇比经产妇更重视孕前保健[15]。虽然本研究再次生育育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查率(59.66%)低于初次生育(62.46%)且无统计学意义,但仍需重点关注再生育妇女的健康教育。
综上所述,四川省绵阳市通过主动、普遍提供的免费孕前保健政策,使育龄妇女的孕前优生健康检查工作取得了一定成效,提高了目标人群覆盖率,消减了城乡差距。但仍需要在以下三个方面做出努力,一是建立长效的健康教育经费投入制度,提供孕前保健服务,特别是计划妊娠方面的项目清单、仪器和书籍等工具,为所有医疗卫生机构开展标准化的健康教育提供保障。二是完善绵阳市全民健康信息平台,整合免费、自费孕前优生健康检查档案,方便临床医生或者保健人员按权限调阅,以便对育龄妇女开展个性化的追踪随访和评估指导,重点关注再生育高危育龄妇女。三是重视基层医疗卫生机构作用。国外一项研究综述结果表明,向育龄妇女提供基于初级保健的孕前干预措施在提高健康知识、减少危险因素和改善妊娠结局方面是有效的[16]。将孕前优生健康检查工作与基层医疗卫生机构实施的国家基本公共卫生服务项目“孕产妇健康管理”“0~6岁儿童健康管理”“健康教育”等相结合,并将工作落实情况纳入绩效考核。通过不断完善的社会政策支持,提升育龄妇女孕前保健知识水平,推动更多育龄妇女主动接受孕前优生健康检查。
本研究具有一定的局限性。一方面,本研究属于横断面的研究,问卷调查方法可能受回忆性偏倚的影响,导致育龄妇女在回顾和报告孕前优生健康检查相关情况时出现不准确或遗漏现象;另一方面,本研究虽利用Andersen医疗服务利用模型开展分析,但仅纳入个人特征的影响因素,环境因素等未纳入,且各个因素之间的相互关系或是中介作用并没有探究,分析还不够全面。未来可依托信息系统开展队列研究,进行更深入的研究。
  • 四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q23032)
  • 川北医学院2022年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ22-Y-27)
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2025年第52卷第17期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503521
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
基金
四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q23032)
川北医学院2022年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ22-Y-27)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610000
    2.绵阳市妇幼保健院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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