Article(id=1241036333519532441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739030400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815719250, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815719250, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815719250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815719250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3208, endPage=3213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036335084007851, articleId=1241036333519532441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of social jetlag on the body mass index among shift nurses:mediating effect of sleep quality and moderating effect of chronotype, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of social jetlag on body mass index (BMI) among shift nurses and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A convenience sample of 429 shift nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province was selected.Data were collected using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift Workers (MCTQshift), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-5), and BMI measurements. Statistical analyses included univariate analysis, partial correlation analysis, and moderated mediation model testing.

Results

Social jetlag significantly predicted BMI levels (β=0.348, 95% CI: 0.259-0.437, P<0.001). Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between social jetlag and BMI,with an effect size of 0.101(95% CI: 0.030-0.172, P<0.001), accounting for 29% of the total effect. The predictive effect of social jetlag on BMI (β=0.194, 95% CI: 0.108-0.281, P<0.001) and the effect of sleep quality on BMI (β=-0.121, 95% CI: -0.215~-0.027,P=0.012) were both moderated by chronotype.

Conclusion

This study revealed the potential mechanisms through which social jetlag affects BMI levels among shift nurses. It highlights the importance of reducing social jetlag and improving sleep quality, as well as the role of chronotype in moderating the adverse effects of social jetlag on BMI abnormalities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to develop more scientific and effective interventions for BMI management among shift nurses, ultimately reducing BMI abnormalities and promoting their physical and mental health.

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目的

探究倒班护士社会时差对身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的影响及其作用机制。

方法

便利抽取四川地区5所三级甲等医院429名倒班护士,采用倒班人员慕尼黑时型测定工具(Munich chronotype questionnaire for shift workers,MCTQshift)、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、晨晚型量表(morning and evening questionnaire 5,MEQ-5)和BMI水平测定,对数据进行单因素分析、偏相关分析及有调节的中介模型检验。

结果

社会时差对BMI水平具有显著预测作用(β=0.348,95%CI:0.259~0.437,P<0.001);睡眠质量在社会时差与BMI水平间的关系中起部分中介作用,效应值为0.101(95% CI:0.030~0.172,P<0.001),占总效应的29%;社会时差对BMI水平的预测作用(β=0.194,95% CI:0.108~0.281,P<0.001)及睡眠质量对BMI水平的预测作用(β=-0.121,95% CI:-0.215~-0.027,P=0.012)均受时型的调节。

结论

本研究探究倒班护士社会时差对BMI水平可能的影响机制,强调降低倒班护士的社会时差和提升睡眠质量的重要性,并突出时型在调节社会时差导致BMI异常的不利影响中的作用。这些发现有助于为护理管理者开展更科学和可靠的倒班护士BMI管理干预提供了理论依据,从而改善倒班护士BMI异常率,促进其身心健康。

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许毅,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=rGUmvt8Yp3McdlrhPjRxbg==, magXml=lUfO7Y7nzYbD+D+QIKFbdA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xnH0A+ycBaJBYybxOHUkqQ==, pdfFileSize=736193, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wAqP8Vk5hUh7wFsJBvDmmg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Bg3S2RyS/8N+K0MY5nGznw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱泓旭(1997—),男,硕士在读,护师,研究方向:护理管理、护理教育

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Advances in Nutrition, 2022, 13(6):2357-2405., articleTitle=Chronotype differences in body composition, dietary intake and eating behavior outcomes: a scoping systematic review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139383252873740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, awardId=H23044, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省护理学会2023年四川省护理科研课题(H23044), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139374209953849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139374218342458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, companyId=1241139374209953849, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139374230925371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, companyId=1241139374209953849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都大学护理学院,四川 成都 610106)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139374344171591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139374352560200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, companyId=1241139374344171591, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.内江市第二人民医院护理部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139379230536051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Hypothetical model of the roles of sleep quality and chronotype in the relationship between social jetlag and BMI levels, figureFileSmall=5201w4KLh4KPIYiqVLI5tw==, figureFileBig=gAqaTtAf+p3wa42Pgd48XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379331199356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=图1, caption=睡眠质量、时型在社会时差和BMI水平关系中作用的假设模型, figureFileSmall=5201w4KLh4KPIYiqVLI5tw==, figureFileBig=gAqaTtAf+p3wa42Pgd48XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379503165828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Moderating role of chronotype in the relationship between social jetlag and BMI, figureFileSmall=+duKWvORGAxa7LfGuMz3Kw==, figureFileBig=Dyty7ck+mzr/4hZskJk4Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379633189257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=图2, caption=时型在社会时差与BMI水平之间关系的调节作用, figureFileSmall=+duKWvORGAxa7LfGuMz3Kw==, figureFileBig=Dyty7ck+mzr/4hZskJk4Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379767406990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Moderating role of chronotype in the relationship between sleep quality and BMI, figureFileSmall=KZCxN+N0wO7C09QGmXDz3w==, figureFileBig=X7IRXp4LQHvOX4CWyxbYrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379922596248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=图3, caption=时型在睡眠质量与BMI水平之间关系的调节作用, figureFileSmall=KZCxN+N0wO7C09QGmXDz3w==, figureFileBig=X7IRXp4LQHvOX4CWyxbYrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139380040036765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of differences in social jetlag, sleep quality, chronotype, and BMI among shift nurses based on general demographic characteristics ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目社会时差水平(min)睡眠质量总分(分)时型量表得分(分)BMI(kg/m2
年龄(岁)
< 20105.50±64.3518.00±7.0710.00±1.4124.15±4.74
20~2992.53±59.9110.41±6.4112.44±4.0021.03±3.25
30~3990.24±54.0810.89±6.5913.08±3.8822.09±3.33
≥4079.75±49.829.50±4.8014.50±4.6622.15±2.73
F0.1411.0851.3903.671*
性别
89.42±57.4115.15±6.9410.61±3.2021.01±3.12
119.94±58.0110.20±6.2812.81±3.9824.83±3.63
t2.932**4.317**3.101**6.528**
文化程度
中专130.00±118.1115.50±7.5910.75±5.0621.48±3.38
大专93.16±57.66110.56±6.3712.50±3.8521.11±3.30
本科及以上90.53±57.0510.53±6.5112.79±4.0221.55±3.31
F1.0690.8801.1600.599
婚姻状况
已婚90.22±60.0310.24±6.4712.50±3.9920.91±3.23
未婚或离异94.18±55.6711.06±6.4212.89±3.9322.04±3.33
t0.6901.2821.0043.490**
工作年限(年)
< 594.52±59.4710.54±6.5412.53±4.0320.97±3.36
5~1089.97±57.1810.80±6.5512.46±4.0521.61±3.38
>1088.66±56.1110.16±6.0913.40±3.5521.93±2.87
F0.3950.2491.5412.851
倒班情况
倒班时长(h)
890.54±58.749.80±5.5112.69±3.9321.24±3.24
997.83±56.549.45±5.5312.28±3.9622.03±3.64
12139.17±68.0812.33±4.2310.67±3.3924.37±3.20
F2.3210.7431.0033.858*
倒班种类(种/轮次)
271.22±35.6113.00±3.16210.00±2.9423.58±4.57
355.66±6.859.35±5.3212.33±4.1821.87±3.61
455.24±4.109.86±5.5912.72±4.1521.59±3.28
563.21±5.019.79±5.4412.52±3.5720.78±2.47
654.32±12.8010.06±6.2014.00±3.7122.31±2.47
F2.0470.4641.1442.701*
倒班频率(d/轮次)
4122.40±57.2611.00±4.2111.60±3.3622.04±3.33
588.85±58.019.79±5.5112.69±3.7621.24±3.26
699.66±60.489.59±5.6712.52±4.6321.81±3.49
F3.219*0.4170.5791.290
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381612900776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

倒班护士社会时差、睡眠质量、时型、BMI在一般资料上的差异分析(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目社会时差水平(min)睡眠质量总分(分)时型量表得分(分)BMI(kg/m2
年龄(岁)
< 20105.50±64.3518.00±7.0710.00±1.4124.15±4.74
20~2992.53±59.9110.41±6.4112.44±4.0021.03±3.25
30~3990.24±54.0810.89±6.5913.08±3.8822.09±3.33
≥4079.75±49.829.50±4.8014.50±4.6622.15±2.73
F0.1411.0851.3903.671*
性别
89.42±57.4115.15±6.9410.61±3.2021.01±3.12
119.94±58.0110.20±6.2812.81±3.9824.83±3.63
t2.932**4.317**3.101**6.528**
文化程度
中专130.00±118.1115.50±7.5910.75±5.0621.48±3.38
大专93.16±57.66110.56±6.3712.50±3.8521.11±3.30
本科及以上90.53±57.0510.53±6.5112.79±4.0221.55±3.31
F1.0690.8801.1600.599
婚姻状况
已婚90.22±60.0310.24±6.4712.50±3.9920.91±3.23
未婚或离异94.18±55.6711.06±6.4212.89±3.9322.04±3.33
t0.6901.2821.0043.490**
工作年限(年)
< 594.52±59.4710.54±6.5412.53±4.0320.97±3.36
5~1089.97±57.1810.80±6.5512.46±4.0521.61±3.38
>1088.66±56.1110.16±6.0913.40±3.5521.93±2.87
F0.3950.2491.5412.851
倒班情况
倒班时长(h)
890.54±58.749.80±5.5112.69±3.9321.24±3.24
997.83±56.549.45±5.5312.28±3.9622.03±3.64
12139.17±68.0812.33±4.2310.67±3.3924.37±3.20
F2.3210.7431.0033.858*
倒班种类(种/轮次)
271.22±35.6113.00±3.16210.00±2.9423.58±4.57
355.66±6.859.35±5.3212.33±4.1821.87±3.61
455.24±4.109.86±5.5912.72±4.1521.59±3.28
563.21±5.019.79±5.4412.52±3.5720.78±2.47
654.32±12.8010.06±6.2014.00±3.7122.31±2.47
F2.0470.4641.1442.701*
倒班频率(d/轮次)
4122.40±57.2611.00±4.2111.60±3.3622.04±3.33
588.85±58.019.79±5.5112.69±3.7621.24±3.26
699.66±60.489.59±5.6712.52±4.6321.81±3.49
F3.219*0.4170.5791.290
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381742924207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Partial correlation analysis of each variable (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目1234
社会时差1.000
睡眠质量0.738**1.000
时型得分-0.108*-0.255**1.000
BMI水平0.227**0.422**-0.516**1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381893919157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量的偏相关分析表(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目1234
社会时差1.000
睡眠质量0.738**1.000
时型得分-0.108*-0.255**1.000
BMI水平0.227**0.422**-0.516**1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382049108414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediation model test of sleep quality

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结果变量预测变量RR2Fβ(95% CI)P
BMI水平社会时差0.3480.12158.9170.348(0.259~0.437)<0.001
睡眠质量社会时差0.5240.275161.7460.524(0.443~0.605)<0.001
BMI水平社会时差0.3850.14837.1290.247(0.144~0.350)<0.001
睡眠质量0.194(0.090~0.297)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382128800197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

睡眠质量的中介模型检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量RR2Fβ(95% CI)P
BMI水平社会时差0.3480.12158.9170.348(0.259~0.437)<0.001
睡眠质量社会时差0.5240.275161.7460.524(0.443~0.605)<0.001
BMI水平社会时差0.3850.14837.1290.247(0.144~0.350)<0.001
睡眠质量0.194(0.090~0.297)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382300766671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Decomposition table of total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect

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项目Boot标准误效应值(95%CI相对效应值(%)
总效应0.0770.348(0.198~0.497)
直接效应0.092
0.247(0.068~0.428)70.98
间接效应0.0350.101(0.030 ~0.172)29.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382468538845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

总效应、直接效应和间接效应分解表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Boot标准误效应值(95%CI相对效应值(%)
总效应0.0770.348(0.198~0.497)
直接效应0.092
0.247(0.068~0.428)70.98
间接效应0.0350.101(0.030 ~0.172)29.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382602756583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test of moderated mediation mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量RR2Fβ(95% CI)P
睡眠质量0.5240.275161.746<0.001
社会时差0.524(0.443~0.605)<0.001
BMI水平0.4590.21022.579<0.001
社会时差0.237(0.137~0.337)<0.001
睡眠质量0.169(0.068~0.270)<0.001
时型得分-0.144(-0.231~-0.057)<0.001
时型*社会时差-0.194(-0.281~-0.108)<0.001
时型*睡眠质量0.128(0.027~0.215)0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382757945839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

有调节的中介模型检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量预测变量RR2Fβ(95% CI)P
睡眠质量0.5240.275161.746<0.001
社会时差0.524(0.443~0.605)<0.001
BMI水平0.4590.21022.579<0.001
社会时差0.237(0.137~0.337)<0.001
睡眠质量0.169(0.068~0.270)<0.001
时型得分-0.144(-0.231~-0.057)<0.001
时型*社会时差-0.194(-0.281~-0.108)<0.001
时型*睡眠质量0.128(0.027~0.215)0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382862803445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Moderating effects of chronotype levels

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项目时型得分高低组Boot标准误效应值(95%CIP
社会时差对BMI水平的预测作用低时型得分组0.0650.431(0.303~0.560)<0.001
中时型得分组0.0510.237(0.137~0.337)<0.001
高时型得分组0.0690.043(-0.093~0.178)0.534
睡眠质量对BMI水平的预测作用低时型得分组0.0710.048(-0.091~0.187)0.495
中时型得分组0.0510.169(0.068~0.270)0.001
高时型得分组0.0700.290(0.152~0.427)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241139383030575613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036333519532441, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同时型水平调节作用上的效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目时型得分高低组Boot标准误效应值(95%CIP
社会时差对BMI水平的预测作用低时型得分组0.0650.431(0.303~0.560)<0.001
中时型得分组0.0510.237(0.137~0.337)<0.001
高时型得分组0.0690.043(-0.093~0.178)0.534
睡眠质量对BMI水平的预测作用低时型得分组0.0710.048(-0.091~0.187)0.495
中时型得分组0.0510.169(0.068~0.270)0.001
高时型得分组0.0700.290(0.152~0.427)<0.001
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倒班护士社会时差对身体质量指数的影响——睡眠质量的中介作用和时型的调节作用
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朱泓旭 1 , 殷炳辉 1 , 李夏卉 1 , 潘小兰 2 , 许毅 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(17): 3208-3213
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(17): 3208-3213
倒班护士社会时差对身体质量指数的影响——睡眠质量的中介作用和时型的调节作用
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朱泓旭1, 殷炳辉1, 李夏卉1, 潘小兰2, 许毅1
作者信息
  • 1.成都大学护理学院,四川 成都 610106
  • 2.内江市第二人民医院护理部
  • 朱泓旭(1997—),男,硕士在读,护师,研究方向:护理管理、护理教育

通讯作者:

许毅,E-mail:
Impact of social jetlag on the body mass index among shift nurses:mediating effect of sleep quality and moderating effect of chronotype
Hong-xu ZHU1, Bin-hui YIN1, Xia-hui LI1, Xiao-lan PAN2, Yi XU1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502097
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目的

探究倒班护士社会时差对身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的影响及其作用机制。

方法

便利抽取四川地区5所三级甲等医院429名倒班护士,采用倒班人员慕尼黑时型测定工具(Munich chronotype questionnaire for shift workers,MCTQshift)、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、晨晚型量表(morning and evening questionnaire 5,MEQ-5)和BMI水平测定,对数据进行单因素分析、偏相关分析及有调节的中介模型检验。

结果

社会时差对BMI水平具有显著预测作用(β=0.348,95%CI:0.259~0.437,P<0.001);睡眠质量在社会时差与BMI水平间的关系中起部分中介作用,效应值为0.101(95% CI:0.030~0.172,P<0.001),占总效应的29%;社会时差对BMI水平的预测作用(β=0.194,95% CI:0.108~0.281,P<0.001)及睡眠质量对BMI水平的预测作用(β=-0.121,95% CI:-0.215~-0.027,P=0.012)均受时型的调节。

结论

本研究探究倒班护士社会时差对BMI水平可能的影响机制,强调降低倒班护士的社会时差和提升睡眠质量的重要性,并突出时型在调节社会时差导致BMI异常的不利影响中的作用。这些发现有助于为护理管理者开展更科学和可靠的倒班护士BMI管理干预提供了理论依据,从而改善倒班护士BMI异常率,促进其身心健康。

倒班护士  /  身体质量指数  /  社会时差  /  睡眠质量  /  时型
Objective

To investigate the impact of social jetlag on body mass index (BMI) among shift nurses and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A convenience sample of 429 shift nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province was selected.Data were collected using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift Workers (MCTQshift), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-5), and BMI measurements. Statistical analyses included univariate analysis, partial correlation analysis, and moderated mediation model testing.

Results

Social jetlag significantly predicted BMI levels (β=0.348, 95% CI: 0.259-0.437, P<0.001). Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between social jetlag and BMI,with an effect size of 0.101(95% CI: 0.030-0.172, P<0.001), accounting for 29% of the total effect. The predictive effect of social jetlag on BMI (β=0.194, 95% CI: 0.108-0.281, P<0.001) and the effect of sleep quality on BMI (β=-0.121, 95% CI: -0.215~-0.027,P=0.012) were both moderated by chronotype.

Conclusion

This study revealed the potential mechanisms through which social jetlag affects BMI levels among shift nurses. It highlights the importance of reducing social jetlag and improving sleep quality, as well as the role of chronotype in moderating the adverse effects of social jetlag on BMI abnormalities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to develop more scientific and effective interventions for BMI management among shift nurses, ultimately reducing BMI abnormalities and promoting their physical and mental health.

Shift nurse  /  Body mass index  /  Social jetlag  /  Sleep quality  /  Chronotype
朱泓旭, 殷炳辉, 李夏卉, 潘小兰, 许毅. 倒班护士社会时差对身体质量指数的影响——睡眠质量的中介作用和时型的调节作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3208 -3213 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502097
Hong-xu ZHU, Bin-hui YIN, Xia-hui LI, Xiao-lan PAN, Yi XU. Impact of social jetlag on the body mass index among shift nurses:mediating effect of sleep quality and moderating effect of chronotype[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3208 -3213 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502097
身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)作为身高、体重的综合评价指标,可反映个体营养状况,以判定健康水平[1]。流行病学调查发现,倒班护士肥胖、超重等BMI异常检出率可达47.5%以上[2],而BMI异常与2型糖尿病[3]、心血管疾病[4]、代谢综合征[5]等多种慢性疾病发生相关。社会时差是反映个体昼夜节律紊乱的重要指标[6],由工作日和休息日睡眠中点的改变而引起。研究表明,倒班引起的昼夜节律紊乱可导致社会时差增大,进而导致护士BMI水平增高[7]。然而,社会时差对个体健康的影响或并非直接,其可能通过睡眠因素产生[8]。睡眠质量作为评价睡眠的关键指标,在节律紊乱和身心健康之间发挥关键作用[9]。时型是指个体在24 h内睡眠-觉醒周期或各类活动的时间偏好,反映个体在昼夜节律上差异[10]。研究发现,时型对社会时差[8]和睡眠质量[11]均有影响,因此,时型可能也是社会时差与BMI关系中的重要因子。
综上,本研究分析倒班护士社会时差、睡眠质量、时型与BMI间的关系,探讨睡眠质量在社会时差与BMI水平间的中介作用,以及时型的调节作用,构建一个有调节的中介模型,为有针对性开展倒班护士BMI干预提供理论依据。见图1
采用便利抽样法,于2023年7—8月对四川省纬度相近(以减少纬度对社会时差的影响)的5所三级甲等医院进行调研,选择地图经纬度表判断地点纬度,以纬度差距小于5度定义为纬度相近。根据样本量计算公式n=[Max(条目数)×(5~10)]×[1+(10%~30%)][12],取量表最大条目数34,样本量至少为187~442例,本研究收取样本量450例。纳入标准:(1)具有执业资格;(2)该护士在最近6个月内持续倒班;(3)知情同意。排除标准:(1)患有任何慢性疾病或处于妊娠期;(2)正在进行减重、增重或体重维持计划。内江市第二人民医院伦理委员会审核批准本项研究(伦审2023第23号)。
采用Cheng等[13]汉化的慕尼黑时型测定工具(Munich chronotype questionnaire for shift workers,MCTQshift)测定倒班人员社会时差水平。该工具通过6张图片和8个问题记录个体工作日及休息日睡眠时间点,社会时差水平通过14 d内睡眠中点的均值进行计算。
采用刘贤臣等[14]汉化的匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)进行测定。PSQI量表采用0~3分4级评分法,由7个因子构成,总分范围为0~21分,得分越高,睡眠质量越差。因倒班护士上床和起床时间因倒班工作而快速变化,故询问平均在床时长而非上床起床时间差。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.84。
采用Carciofo等[15]汉化的晨晚型量表(morning and evening questionnaire 5,MEQ-5)计算倒班护士时型得分及倾向。该量表共5个条目,1个条目询问清晨起床情况,1个条目自我评估时型情况,3个条目询问作息时间点,总分4~25分。研究指出,时型得分越高的个体越倾向早晨型;得分越低的个体越倾向夜晚型[16]。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.73。
在问卷调查结束后立即现场测量体重和身高。测量工具每日校准。BMI=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m2)。
本研究在护士夜班结束交接班完成后进行,若倒班护士出现明显疲劳或拒绝调研,则立即终止。由经考核的调查员面对面调查,调查时长控制在15~20 min。
调查前由专业人士对问卷可靠性进行审核并进行预调查;调查员进行统一培训,并考核合格。调查中严格执行知情同意,并在每份问卷完成后由调研组长进行检查确保问卷内容完整。调查后对逻辑错误问卷进行剔除,当日对问卷进行双人双录并进行一致性检验。
使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验进行正态性分析,采用均数和标准差(或中位数和四分位间距)对计量资料进行描述,采用t检验、方差分析比较研究主要变量在一般资料上的差异,采用偏相关分析探讨主要变量间的相关性。采用SPSS PROCESS宏插件(Model 4和Model 15)构建有调节的中介模型,使用z-score标准化法对纳入模型的变量进行标准化。检验水准α=0.05。
将存在缺漏项及明显前后逻辑错误的问卷定义为无效问卷,本研究共回收有效问卷429例,有效率95.3%。本研究中倒班护士年龄<20岁2人,20~29岁325人,30~39岁98人,≥40岁4人;男性33人,女性396人;中专学历4人,大专学历167人,本科及以上学历258人;已婚253人,未婚或离异176人。
采用Harman单因子检验法进行共同方法偏差检验。结果显示,特征值合计大于1的因素共4个,首个因素解释的累积变异量为23.23%,小于标准临界值40%,提示不存在严重共同方法偏差。
本研究倒班护士的社会时差中位水平为82.00(45.00,130.00)min,时型得分为(12.55±4.01)分,睡眠质量得分为(9.66±5.25)分,BMI平均水平为(21.43±3.28)kg/m2。结果显示,年龄、性别、婚姻状况、倒班时长、倒班种类、倒班频率存在差异。将上述变量作为混杂变量带入后续研究。见表1
在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、倒班时长、倒班种类、倒班频率后,偏相关分析显示,社会时差与睡眠质量、BMI水平均呈正相关(r=0.738、0.227);时型得分与社会时差、睡眠质量、BMI水平均呈负相关(r=-0.108、-0.255、-0.516);睡眠质量与BMI水平呈正相关(r=0.422)(P均<0.05)。见表2
有调节的中介模型检验在对所有变量标准化处理后进行,社会时差对BMI水平预测作用显著(β=0.348,95%CI:0.259~0.437,P<0.001),加入中介变量后,社会时差对BMI水平的直接预测作用仍显著(β=0.247,95%CI:0.144~0.350,P<0.001)。社会时差对睡眠质量的预测作用显著(β=0.524,95%CI:0.443~0.605,P<0.001)。睡眠质量显著正向预测BMI水平(β=0.194,95%CI:0.090~0.297,P<0.001)。见表3
Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示,睡眠质量在社会时差与BMI水平起部分中介作用。社会时差通过睡眠质量对BMI水平的间接效应β=0.101(95%CI:0.030~0.172,P<0.001),社会时差对BMI水平的直接效应β=0.247(95%CI:0.068~0.428,P<0.001)。直接效应和间接效应分别占总效应的70.98%和29.02%。见表4
有调节的中介模型结果表明,时型得分与社会时差的乘积项对BMI水平有显著的预测作用(β=0.194,95%CI:0.108~0.281,P<0.001),时型得分与睡眠质量的乘积项对BMI水平有显著的预测作用(β=-0.121,95%CI:-0.215~-0.027,P=0.012),表明时型得分不仅能够在社会时差对BMI水平的直接预测中起调节作用,并且在睡眠质量的中介过程后半段起调节作用。见表56
为进一步明确调节作用实质,进行简单斜率检验,以(均值±1个标准差)将社会时差、睡眠质量和时型得分分为低分组[<(-s)]、中分组[(-s)~(+s)]和高分组[>(+s)]。结果显示,社会时差对BMI水平的正向预测作用在高时型得分时显著(β=0.431,95%CI:0.303~0.560,P<0.001),在低时型得分时不显著(β=0.043,95%CI:-0.093~0.178,P=0.534)。睡眠质量对BMI水平的正向预测作用在高时型得分时不显著(β=0.048,95%CI:-0.091~0.187,P=0.495),在低时型得分时显著(β=0.290,95%CI:0.152~0.427,P<0.001)。此外,在时型得分的三个水平上,随着倒班护士时型得分水平的升高,社会时差对BMI水平的直接效应呈增高趋势;睡眠质量在社会时差与BMI间的中介效应呈下降趋势。见图23
本研究发现,社会时差对BMI水平正向预测作用显著,与既往研究结果一致[17]。社会时差对倒班护士BMI的影响可能与基因表达变化、激素分泌异常、行为改变等多种因素相关[18]。护士因倒班工作导致社会时差增大可诱发时钟基因表达的时相性变化、褪黑素等激素分泌异常[18],上述因素均可导致BMI水平增高。另外社会时差增大还与日常体力活动水平降低、出现不良饮食行为等行为改变相关,也可导致BMI水平增高[19]。这一发现强调了社会时差对倒班护士身心健康影响的重要性,提示护理管理者应当重视倒班护士社会时差问题,通过光照疗法等[20]方式帮助倒班护士降低社会时差,推进其健康福祉。
本研究发现,睡眠质量在倒班护士社会时差与BMI水平之间的关系中发挥部分中介作用,即高社会时差与高BMI水平之间存在显著的相关关系,其中一部分影响通过睡眠质量进行中介。这与睡眠双过程模型相契合,昼夜节律作为睡眠过程的重要部分,其紊乱可诱发睡眠问题,影响个体身心健康[21]。倒班护士社会时差增大时,昼夜节律的驱动作用改变,导致睡眠过程异常,引起睡眠质量下降[22]。既往研究也表明,倒班护士睡眠质量的下降一方面可以导致激素分泌改变引起BMI水平的增高[23];另一方面,睡眠质量下降还与倒班护士感知压力增高相关,倒班护士可能通过暴饮暴食、吸烟、饮酒等方式以应对过大的压力,从而导致BMI增高[24]。因此,提示在开展倒班护士BMI管理干预时,应当重视个体的睡眠质量。通过巴林特小组[25]、认知行为干预[26]等方式改善倒班护士睡眠质量从而减少护士超重、肥胖等BMI异常的发生。
通过构建有调节的中介模型,本研究深入探讨了时型在社会时差、睡眠质量和BMI水平之间的作用。结果表明,时型不仅能调节倒班护士社会时差对BMI水平的直接预测效应,还能够调节中介效应的后半部分。时型作为个体内源性昼夜节律的生理指标,反映了个体节律的生物属性;社会时差作为个体社会责任与内源性昼夜节律间的差异,反映了个体节律的社会属性,社会时差和时型往往共同作用影响个体健康[8]。时型得分越高,倒班护士越倾向早晨型,研究发现早晨型个体更倾向健康生活方式[27],而健康生活方式可因社会时差增大而发生改变,导致BMI水平升高。因此,对于时型得分较高的护士,社会时差对其BMI水平影响更大,体现了时型在直接效应上的调节作用。时型得分越低,倒班护士越倾向于夜晚型,夜晚型个体表现往往出更明显的睡眠时间不足[8],睡眠时间不足和睡眠质量下降共同作用可能对倒班护士BMI的影响更为严重[8]。因此,对于时型得分较低的护士,睡眠质量对其BMI水平的影响更大,体现了时型在中介效应后半部分的调节作用。提示在开展倒班护士BMI管理干预时,应当重视时型的调节,将时型融入干预全过程。
本研究也存在一些不足:第一,本研究为横断面研究,无法深入探究社会时差与BMI水平间的因果关系。第二,本研究样本中男性和年龄较大样本过少,可能影响研究结果的推广。第三,本研究未考虑社会时差时相位移的方向性,近期研究发现不同方向的社会时差也可能影响个体身心健康。综上,未来研究中可通过增加纵向调研数据、添加样本量、纳入社会时差方向等方式,使机制研究更加完整、可靠。
  • 四川省护理学会2023年四川省护理科研课题(H23044)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502097
  • 接收时间:2025-02-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-09
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四川省护理学会2023年四川省护理科研课题(H23044)
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    1.成都大学护理学院,四川 成都 610106
    2.内江市第二人民医院护理部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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