Article(id=1241036331808256364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815718843, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815718843, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815718843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815718843, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3178, endPage=3183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036332357710208, articleId=1241036331808256364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The relationship between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in community-dwelling older adults with comorbidities: the chain-mediated role of self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To explore the relationship between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in community-dwelling older adults with comorbidities, and analyze the mediating effects of self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve.
Methods From June to October 2023, 505 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above in Xinxiang City with comorbidities were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed on the data, and AMOS 27.0 was used to construct a chain mediation model.
Results Subjective cognitive decline had a positive impact on frailty (β=0.100, 95% CI: 0.006-0.191, P=0.040). Self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve played a mediating role between subjective cognitive decline and frailty (β=0.079, 95% CI: 0.042-0.123, P<0.001; β=0.029, 95% CI: 0.011-0.056, P<0.001), accounting for 36.12% and 13.37% of the total effect value, respectively. Moreover, self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve jointly played a chain-mediating role between subjective cognitive decline and frailty (β=0.010, 95% CI: 0.004-0.021, P<0.001), accounting for 4.77% of the total effect value.
Conclusion The findings that self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve play independent mediating roles and a chain-mediating role between subjective cognitive decline and frailty suggest that attention should be paid to the subjective feelings of community-dwelling older adults with comorbidities. It is essential to cultivate a positive view of aging among the elderly and enhance their cognitive reserve levels. By doing so, the onset of frailty can be delayed, thus promoting healthy aging.
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目的 探讨社区共病老年人主观认知下降与衰弱之间的关系,并分析自我感知老化和认知储备的中介作用。
方法 选取新乡市505名65岁及以上的社区共病老年人,于2023年6—10月进行问卷调查,对数据进行描述性统计、方差分析和相关性分析,采用AMOS 27.0构建链式中介模型。
结果 主观认知下降正向影响衰弱(β=0.100, 95%CI: 0.006~0.191, P=0.040);自我感知老化和认知储备在主观认知下降与衰弱间起独立中介作用(β=0.079, 95%CI: 0.042~0.123, P<0.001; β=0.029, 95%CI: 0.011~0.056, P<0.001),分别占总效应值的36.12%和13.37%;自我感知老化和认知储备在主观认知下降与衰弱间起链式中介作用(β=0.010, 95%CI: 0.004~0.021, P<0.001),占总效应值的4.77%。
结论 自我感知老化与认知储备在主观认知下降和衰弱间起独立中介作用及链式中介作用,提示应关注社区共病老年人对认知的主观感受,培养老年人的积极老化观,并提升其认知储备水平,从而延缓衰弱的发生,促进健康老龄化。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jMla43WFZepmp1kt3RKmbw==, magXml=jwgfiP6dTxlGPk8aFm9zVg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yP5KicFj3MZOJPpMHhHKfA==, pdfFileSize=680606, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=T0Nr8cX6aYzy+z2JMVHutA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oMlD0G3kzOIrtXhPm5+lYQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
王利燕(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理
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Chain mediation model, figureFileSmall=Kia/SRWMrKQwLksAhNckZg==, figureFileBig=aZIB9tEkTIwb7W+dYltb2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139378844652477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036331808256364, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
链式中介模型注:*表示P<0.05;***表示P<0.001。
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Testing for differences in variable scores across general demographic information [n=505, n(%), (
)]
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变量
| 例数 | 主观认知下降 | 自我感知老化 | 认知储备 | 衰弱 |
|---|
| 性别 | | | | | |
| 男 | 209(41.39) | 4.44±2.38 | 42.77±10.57 | 0.42±1.42 | 1.35±0.98 |
| 女 | 296(58.61) | 5.05±2.09 | 42.70±11.12 | -0.30±1.51 | 1.33±1.16 |
| t值 | | -2.978 | 0.076 | 5.411 | 0.155 |
| P值 | | 0.003 | 0.940 | <0.001 | 0.877 |
| 年龄(岁) | | | | | |
| 65~70 | 218(43.17) | 4.58±2.37 | 39.43±9.88 | 0.21±1.49 | 1.16±0.96 |
| 71~80 | 228(45.15) | 4.90±2.10 | 43.33±10.07 | -0.08±1.50 | 1.39±1.16 |
| >80 | 59(11.68) | 5.20±2.19 | 52.58±11.27 | -0.45±1.55 | 1.80±1.14 |
| F值 | | 2.216 | 39.789 | 5.186 | 8.666 |
| P值 | | 0.110 | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| 婚姻状况 | | | | | |
| 已婚 | 411(81.39) | 4.64±2.29 | 42.08±10.48 | 0.11±1.48 | 1.30±1.04 |
| 离异/丧偶 | 94(18.61) | 5.49±1.84 | 45.57±12.17 | -0.48±1.60 | 1.53±1.28 |
| t值 | | -3.835 | -2.577 | 3.451 | -1.664 |
| P值 | | <0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.099 |
| 居住方式 | | | | | |
| 与配偶和(或)子女 | 452(89.50) | 4.78±2.28 | 42.80±11.00 | -0.00±1.52 | 1.36±1.09 |
| 独居 | 52(10.30) | 4.98±1.84 | 42.23±10.40 | -0.00±1.49 | 1.17±1.06 |
| 养老机构 | 1(0.20) | 3.50±0.00 | 34.00±0.00 | 1.01±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| F值 | | 0.353 | 0.385 | 0.222 | 0.738 |
| P值 | | 0.703 | 0.680 | 0.801 | 0.479 |
| 有无跌倒经历 | | | | | |
| 有 | 109(21.58) | 5.39±2.11 | 44.74±10.22 | -0.07±1.40 | 1.55±1.08 |
| 无 | 396(78.42) | 4.64±2.24 | 42.17±11.01 | 0.02±1.55 | 1.28±1.09 |
| t值 | | 3.164 | 2.192 | -0.510 | 2.278 |
| P值 | | 0.002 | 0.029 | 0.610 | 0.023 |
| 吸烟 | | | | | |
| 是 | 30(5.94) | 4.13±2.45 | 41.53±9.39 | 0.49±1.37 | 1.37±0.93 |
| 否 | 475(94.06) | 4.84±2.22 | 42.80±10.98 | -0.03±1.52 | 1.34±1.10 |
| t值 | | -1.688 | -0.619 | 1.834 | 0.135 |
| P值 | | 0.092 | 0.536 | 0.067 | 0.893 |
| 饮酒 | | | | | |
| 是 | 421(83.37) | 4.90±2.22 | 42.98±11.00 | -0.11±1.52 | 1.38±1.12 |
| 否 | 84(16.63) | 4.30±2.24 | 41.48±10.29 | 0.57±1.34 | 1.14±0.91 |
| t值 | | 2.266 | 1.153 | -4.186 | 2.098 |
| P值 | | 0.024 | 0.249 | <0.001 | 0.038 |
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各变量得分在一般人口资料的差异性检验[n=505, n(%),(
)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量
| 例数 | 主观认知下降 | 自我感知老化 | 认知储备 | 衰弱 |
|---|
| 性别 | | | | | |
| 男 | 209(41.39) | 4.44±2.38 | 42.77±10.57 | 0.42±1.42 | 1.35±0.98 |
| 女 | 296(58.61) | 5.05±2.09 | 42.70±11.12 | -0.30±1.51 | 1.33±1.16 |
| t值 | | -2.978 | 0.076 | 5.411 | 0.155 |
| P值 | | 0.003 | 0.940 | <0.001 | 0.877 |
| 年龄(岁) | | | | | |
| 65~70 | 218(43.17) | 4.58±2.37 | 39.43±9.88 | 0.21±1.49 | 1.16±0.96 |
| 71~80 | 228(45.15) | 4.90±2.10 | 43.33±10.07 | -0.08±1.50 | 1.39±1.16 |
| >80 | 59(11.68) | 5.20±2.19 | 52.58±11.27 | -0.45±1.55 | 1.80±1.14 |
| F值 | | 2.216 | 39.789 | 5.186 | 8.666 |
| P值 | | 0.110 | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| 婚姻状况 | | | | | |
| 已婚 | 411(81.39) | 4.64±2.29 | 42.08±10.48 | 0.11±1.48 | 1.30±1.04 |
| 离异/丧偶 | 94(18.61) | 5.49±1.84 | 45.57±12.17 | -0.48±1.60 | 1.53±1.28 |
| t值 | | -3.835 | -2.577 | 3.451 | -1.664 |
| P值 | | <0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.099 |
| 居住方式 | | | | | |
| 与配偶和(或)子女 | 452(89.50) | 4.78±2.28 | 42.80±11.00 | -0.00±1.52 | 1.36±1.09 |
| 独居 | 52(10.30) | 4.98±1.84 | 42.23±10.40 | -0.00±1.49 | 1.17±1.06 |
| 养老机构 | 1(0.20) | 3.50±0.00 | 34.00±0.00 | 1.01±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| F值 | | 0.353 | 0.385 | 0.222 | 0.738 |
| P值 | | 0.703 | 0.680 | 0.801 | 0.479 |
| 有无跌倒经历 | | | | | |
| 有 | 109(21.58) | 5.39±2.11 | 44.74±10.22 | -0.07±1.40 | 1.55±1.08 |
| 无 | 396(78.42) | 4.64±2.24 | 42.17±11.01 | 0.02±1.55 | 1.28±1.09 |
| t值 | | 3.164 | 2.192 | -0.510 | 2.278 |
| P值 | | 0.002 | 0.029 | 0.610 | 0.023 |
| 吸烟 | | | | | |
| 是 | 30(5.94) | 4.13±2.45 | 41.53±9.39 | 0.49±1.37 | 1.37±0.93 |
| 否 | 475(94.06) | 4.84±2.22 | 42.80±10.98 | -0.03±1.52 | 1.34±1.10 |
| t值 | | -1.688 | -0.619 | 1.834 | 0.135 |
| P值 | | 0.092 | 0.536 | 0.067 | 0.893 |
| 饮酒 | | | | | |
| 是 | 421(83.37) | 4.90±2.22 | 42.98±11.00 | -0.11±1.52 | 1.38±1.12 |
| 否 | 84(16.63) | 4.30±2.24 | 41.48±10.29 | 0.57±1.34 | 1.14±0.91 |
| t值 | | 2.266 | 1.153 | -4.186 | 2.098 |
| P值 | | 0.024 | 0.249 | <0.001 | 0.038 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379192779743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036331808256364, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Statistical description and correlation analysis among variables (n=505)
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| 项目 | 得分( ) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|
| 1.主观认知下降 | 4.80±2.23 | 1 | | | |
| 2.自我感知老化 | 42.73±10.89 | 0.385*** | 1 | | |
| 3.认知储备 | 0.00±1.52 | -0.269*** | -0.263*** | 1 | |
| 4.衰弱 | 1.34±1.09 | 0.244*** | 0.331*** | -0.258*** | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379301831658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036331808256364, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
各变量描述统计及相关分析结果(n=505)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 得分( ) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|
| 1.主观认知下降 | 4.80±2.23 | 1 | | | |
| 2.自我感知老化 | 42.73±10.89 | 0.385*** | 1 | | |
| 3.认知储备 | 0.00±1.52 | -0.269*** | -0.263*** | 1 | |
| 4.衰弱 | 1.34±1.09 | 0.244*** | 0.331*** | -0.258*** | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379410883567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036331808256364, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Analysis of the mediating effect of self-perceptions of aging and cognitive reserve between subjective cognitive decline and frailty
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 路径 | β (95%CI) | P值 | 效应占比(%) |
|---|
| 总中介效应 | 0.119 (0.077~0.167) | <0.001 | 54.26 |
| Ind1:主观认知下降→自我感知老化→衰弱 | 0.079 (0.042~0.123) | <0.001 | 36.12 |
| Ind2:主观认知下降→认知储备→衰弱 | 0.029 (0.011~0.056) | <0.001 | 13.37 |
| Ind3:主观认知下降→自我感知老化→认知储备→衰弱 | 0.010 (0.004~0.021) | <0.001 | 4.77 |
| 直接效应 | 0.100 (0.006~0.191) | 0.040 | 45.74 |
| 总效应 | 0.219 (0.133~0.305) | <0.001 | 100 |
| 对比中介效应:Ind1-Ind2 | 0.050 (0.002~0.103) | 0.042 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379498963959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036331808256364, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
自我感知老化和认知储备在主观认知下降与衰弱间的中介效应分析
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| 路径 | β (95%CI) | P值 | 效应占比(%) |
|---|
| 总中介效应 | 0.119 (0.077~0.167) | <0.001 | 54.26 |
| Ind1:主观认知下降→自我感知老化→衰弱 | 0.079 (0.042~0.123) | <0.001 | 36.12 |
| Ind2:主观认知下降→认知储备→衰弱 | 0.029 (0.011~0.056) | <0.001 | 13.37 |
| Ind3:主观认知下降→自我感知老化→认知储备→衰弱 | 0.010 (0.004~0.021) | <0.001 | 4.77 |
| 直接效应 | 0.100 (0.006~0.191) | 0.040 | 45.74 |
| 总效应 | 0.219 (0.133~0.305) | <0.001 | 100 |
| 对比中介效应:Ind1-Ind2 | 0.050 (0.002~0.103) | 0.042 | |
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