Article(id=1241036330625462610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726070400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815718560, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815718560, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815718560, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815718560, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3130, endPage=3135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036331384631649, articleId=1241036330625462610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The death status and life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan during the period from 2018 to 2022, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the death status and life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan during the period from 2018 to 2022, in order to provide references for formulating bailout management policy for patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods

The death data on gender, age, diagnosis, cause of death, and other related information were obtained from the National Information System for Severe Mental Disorders during 2018—2022. Excel 2022 and SPSS 21.0 software were applied to analyze the death characteristics, death cause distribution and mortality. Years of life lost (YLL) and related indicators were used to analyze the life expectancy reduction due to severe mental disorders.

Results

From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3 557 patients with severe mental disorders died in Wuhan, most of them had schizophrenia (2 541 cases, 71.44%). There were more male patients (2 019 cases, 56.76%) than female patients (1 538 cases, 43.24%). The average age of death was 58.06±15.21 years, mainly concentrated in the elderly population over 60 years old (1 719 cases, 48.33%). Significant differences in mortality rates were observed between 2018 and 2022(χ2=58.678, P<0.001), with statistically significant differences found only among patients with schizophrenia (χ2=45.600, P<0.001) and those with mental retardation accompanied by mental disorders (χ2=16.120, P=0.003). Physical diseases were the leading cause of death (2 193 cases, 61.65%). For patients aged 1-69 years, all causes of death resulted in 83 380.75 person-years of potential years of life lost (PYLL), an average years of life lost (AYLL) of 30.71 years, and a potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) of 173.89%. The greatest total loss of life was caused by schizophrenia, while the highest AYLL was observed for epilepsy with mental disorders (34.08 years).

Conclusion

Severe mental disorders are important diseases that cause life loss, and combined physical diseases are the main cause of death for patients in Wuhan from 2018 to 2022. It is suggested that we should pay more attention to chronic disease management of patients with severe mental disorders, strengthen bailout, and take multiple measures to reduce the risk of death of patients.

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目的

分析2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者死亡特征与减寿情况,为制定严重精神障碍患者救助管理政策提供数据参考。

方法

从国家严重精神障碍信息系统中收集武汉市2018—2022年死亡的严重精神障碍患者性别、年龄、诊断、死因等资料,利用Excel 2022及SPSS 21.0软件分析患者死亡特征、死因分布和死亡率,采用减寿年数及相关指标分析因严重精神障碍导致的寿命损失。

结果

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者死亡共3 557例,精神分裂症患者居多,2 541例(71.44%);男性2 019例(56.76%),多于女性的1 538例(43.24%);平均死亡年龄(58.06±15.21)岁;主要集中在60岁以上的老年人群,1 719例(48.33%);2018—2022年患者死亡率存在显著差异(χ2=58.678,P<0.001),其中仅精神分裂症(χ2=45.600,P<0.001)和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)(χ2=16.120,P=0.003)患者死亡率存在显著差异;躯体疾病是最主要的死因,2 193例(61.65%);1~69岁严重精神障碍死亡患者全部死因造成的潜在寿命年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)为83 380.75人年,平均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)为30.71年,潜在减寿率(potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR)为173.89%;导致寿命损失最多的是精神分裂症;癫痫所致精神障碍导致的AYLL最高,为34.08年。

结论

严重精神障碍是造成人群寿命损失的重要疾病,合并躯体疾病是2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者的主要死因。建议应重视严重精神障碍患者的慢病管理工作,加大救助力度,多措并举,降低患者死亡风险。

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陈文材,E-mail:
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梅淑芳(1992—),女,硕士,公共卫生主治医师,研究方向:精神卫生流行病学

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梅淑芳(1992—),女,硕士,公共卫生主治医师,研究方向:精神卫生流行病学

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梅淑芳(1992—),女,硕士,公共卫生主治医师,研究方向:精神卫生流行病学

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Psychiatry Research, 2022, 308: 114330., articleTitle=Life expectancy and potential years of Life lost for schizophrenia in western China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139375149478021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139375162060935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, companyId=1241139375149478021, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139375170449544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, companyId=1241139375149478021, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉市精神卫生中心精神科,湖北 武汉 430000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139375271112850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139375279501460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, companyId=1241139375271112850, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉市心理医院,湖北 武汉 430000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139379788378515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of death causes among patients with severe mental disorders with different characteristics [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类躯体疾病精神疾病相关并发症意外自杀他杀其他P
性别0.037
男(n=2 019)1 240(61.42)159(7.88)147(7.28)78(3.86)0(0)395(19.56)
女(n=1 538)953(61.96)101(6.57)105(6.83)78(5.07)5(0.33)296(19.25)
年龄<0.001
<18(n=9)6(66.67)0(0)3(33.33)0(0)0(0)0(0)
18~44(n=641)284(44.31)49(7.64)107(16.69)80(12.48)2(0.31)119(18.56)
45~59(n=1 188)733(61.70)90(7.58)64(5.39)54(4.55)1(0.08)246(20.71)
≥60(n=1 719)1 170(68.06)121(7.04)78(4.54)22(1.28)2(0.12)326(18.96)
诊断类型<0.001
精神分裂症(n=2 541)1 580(62.18)175(6.89)181(7.12)124(4.88)3(0.12)478(18.81)
双相情感障碍(n=140)76(54.29)10(7.14)5(3.57)16(11.43)1(0.71)32(22.86)
分裂型情感障碍(n=55)22(40.00)3(5.45)1(1.82)5(9.09)0(0)24(43.64)
偏执性精神病(n=7)3(42.86)0(0)0(0)1(14.29)0(0)3(42.86)
癫痫所致精神障碍(n=144)76(52.78)24(16.67)15(10.42)6(4.17)0(0)23(15.97)
精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)(n=670)436(65.07)48(7.16)50(7.46)4(0.60)1(0.15)131(19.55)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379918401940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征严重精神障碍患者的死因比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类躯体疾病精神疾病相关并发症意外自杀他杀其他P
性别0.037
男(n=2 019)1 240(61.42)159(7.88)147(7.28)78(3.86)0(0)395(19.56)
女(n=1 538)953(61.96)101(6.57)105(6.83)78(5.07)5(0.33)296(19.25)
年龄<0.001
<18(n=9)6(66.67)0(0)3(33.33)0(0)0(0)0(0)
18~44(n=641)284(44.31)49(7.64)107(16.69)80(12.48)2(0.31)119(18.56)
45~59(n=1 188)733(61.70)90(7.58)64(5.39)54(4.55)1(0.08)246(20.71)
≥60(n=1 719)1 170(68.06)121(7.04)78(4.54)22(1.28)2(0.12)326(18.96)
诊断类型<0.001
精神分裂症(n=2 541)1 580(62.18)175(6.89)181(7.12)124(4.88)3(0.12)478(18.81)
双相情感障碍(n=140)76(54.29)10(7.14)5(3.57)16(11.43)1(0.71)32(22.86)
分裂型情感障碍(n=55)22(40.00)3(5.45)1(1.82)5(9.09)0(0)24(43.64)
偏执性精神病(n=7)3(42.86)0(0)0(0)1(14.29)0(0)3(42.86)
癫痫所致精神障碍(n=144)76(52.78)24(16.67)15(10.42)6(4.17)0(0)23(15.97)
精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)(n=670)436(65.07)48(7.16)50(7.46)4(0.60)1(0.15)131(19.55)
), ArticleFig(id=1241139380040036766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Total mortality rate of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan, 2018—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)在册患者数死亡例数及死亡率[n(%)]
总体总体P
201844 40023 60720 793713(1.61)424(1.80)289(1.39)0.001
201945 47824 10621 372859(1.89)482(2.00)377(1.76)0.066
202046 14524 37921 766689(1.49)391(1.60)298(1.37)0.038
202146 92024 76822 152619(1.32)348(1.41)271(1.22)0.085
202247 94925 18622 763677(1.41)374(1.48)303(1.33)0.154
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381633872300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者总死亡率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)在册患者数死亡例数及死亡率[n(%)]
总体总体P
201844 40023 60720 793713(1.61)424(1.80)289(1.39)0.001
201945 47824 10621 372859(1.89)482(2.00)377(1.76)0.066
202046 14524 37921 766689(1.49)391(1.60)298(1.37)0.038
202146 92024 76822 152619(1.32)348(1.41)271(1.22)0.085
202247 94925 18622 763677(1.41)374(1.48)303(1.33)0.154
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381747118513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mortality of patients with severe mental disorders by age group in Wuhan, 2018—2022 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)年龄Pa
<18岁18~44岁45~59岁≥60岁
20185(1.13)138(0.65)244(1.58)326(4.42)<0.001
20192(0.50)159(0.74)309(1.95)389(5.06)<0.001
20200(0.00)134(0.63)228(1.38)327(4.07)<0.001
20210(0.00)108(0.51)197(1.15)314(3.73)<0.001
20222(0.66)102(0.48)210(1.21)363(3.98)<0.001
Pb0.1140.001<0.0010.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381898113462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者各年龄组死亡率[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)年龄Pa
<18岁18~44岁45~59岁≥60岁
20185(1.13)138(0.65)244(1.58)326(4.42)<0.001
20192(0.50)159(0.74)309(1.95)389(5.06)<0.001
20200(0.00)134(0.63)228(1.38)327(4.07)<0.001
20210(0.00)108(0.51)197(1.15)314(3.73)<0.001
20222(0.66)102(0.48)210(1.21)363(3.98)<0.001
Pb0.1140.001<0.0010.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241139381981999548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cause-specific mortality of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan, 2018—2022 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)诊断类型Pa
精神分裂症双相情感障碍分裂型情感障碍偏执性精神病癫痫所致精神障碍精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)
2018515(1.62)28(1.26)14(1.65)0(0.00)29(2.24)127(1.57)0.259
2019618(1.90)27(1.01)11(1.48)1(0.95)26(1.89)176(2.17)0.008
2020502(1.53)32(1.07)8(1.12)2(1.79)29(2.07)116(1.45)0.161
2021439(1.31)22(0.65)12(1.76)2(1.28)26(1.87)118(1.49)0.004
2022467(1.37)31(0.78)10(1.48)2(1.07)34(2.41)133(1.73)<0.001
Pb<0.0010.1260.8900.8280.8420.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382057497026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者各病种死亡率[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)诊断类型Pa
精神分裂症双相情感障碍分裂型情感障碍偏执性精神病癫痫所致精神障碍精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)
2018515(1.62)28(1.26)14(1.65)0(0.00)29(2.24)127(1.57)0.259
2019618(1.90)27(1.01)11(1.48)1(0.95)26(1.89)176(2.17)0.008
2020502(1.53)32(1.07)8(1.12)2(1.79)29(2.07)116(1.45)0.161
2021439(1.31)22(0.65)12(1.76)2(1.28)26(1.87)118(1.49)0.004
2022467(1.37)31(0.78)10(1.48)2(1.07)34(2.41)133(1.73)<0.001
Pb<0.0010.1260.8900.8280.8420.003
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Life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan, 2018—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断类型PYLL(人年)AYLL(年)PYLLR(%)减寿顺位
精神分裂症56 698.6529.83166.704
双相情感障碍2 69329.9268.066
分裂型情感障碍1 26731.68187.433
偏执性精神病144.2528.8577.145
癫痫所致精神障碍3 646.0534.08258.041
精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)18 931.833.10245.772
全疾病83 380.7530.71173.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382346904020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者减寿情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断类型PYLL(人年)AYLL(年)PYLLR(%)减寿顺位
精神分裂症56 698.6529.83166.704
双相情感障碍2 69329.9268.066
分裂型情感障碍1 26731.68187.433
偏执性精神病144.2528.8577.145
癫痫所致精神障碍3 646.0534.08258.041
精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)18 931.833.10245.772
全疾病83 380.7530.71173.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382460150237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Life loss of patients with severe mental disorders by different causes in Wuhan, 2018—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断类型PYLL(人年)AYLL(年)PYLLR(%)减寿顺位
躯体疾病46 549.428.9897.081
精神疾病相关并发症6 247.9530.7813.034
意外8 373.9537.5517.463
自杀5 944.6539.3712.405
他杀148.137.030.316
其他16 116.730.5233.612
全疾病83 380.7530.71173.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241139382565007845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036330625462610, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者不同死因减寿情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断类型PYLL(人年)AYLL(年)PYLLR(%)减寿顺位
躯体疾病46 549.428.9897.081
精神疾病相关并发症6 247.9530.7813.034
意外8 373.9537.5517.463
自杀5 944.6539.3712.405
他杀148.137.030.316
其他16 116.730.5233.612
全疾病83 380.7530.71173.89
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2018—2022年武汉市在管严重精神障碍患者死亡现状与减寿分析
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梅淑芳 1, 2 , 刘修军 1, 2 , 胡雅妮 1, 2 , 陈思婧 1, 2 , 陈文材 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(17): 3130-3135
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(17): 3130-3135
2018—2022年武汉市在管严重精神障碍患者死亡现状与减寿分析
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梅淑芳1, 2, 刘修军1, 2, 胡雅妮1, 2, 陈思婧1, 2, 陈文材1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.武汉市精神卫生中心精神科,湖北 武汉 430000
  • 2.武汉市心理医院,湖北 武汉 430000
  • 梅淑芳(1992—),女,硕士,公共卫生主治医师,研究方向:精神卫生流行病学

通讯作者:

陈文材,E-mail:
The death status and life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan during the period from 2018 to 2022
Shu-fang MEI1, 2, Xiu-jun LIU1, 2, Ya-ni HU1, 2, Si-jing CHEN1, 2, Wen-cai CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409222
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目的

分析2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者死亡特征与减寿情况,为制定严重精神障碍患者救助管理政策提供数据参考。

方法

从国家严重精神障碍信息系统中收集武汉市2018—2022年死亡的严重精神障碍患者性别、年龄、诊断、死因等资料,利用Excel 2022及SPSS 21.0软件分析患者死亡特征、死因分布和死亡率,采用减寿年数及相关指标分析因严重精神障碍导致的寿命损失。

结果

2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者死亡共3 557例,精神分裂症患者居多,2 541例(71.44%);男性2 019例(56.76%),多于女性的1 538例(43.24%);平均死亡年龄(58.06±15.21)岁;主要集中在60岁以上的老年人群,1 719例(48.33%);2018—2022年患者死亡率存在显著差异(χ2=58.678,P<0.001),其中仅精神分裂症(χ2=45.600,P<0.001)和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)(χ2=16.120,P=0.003)患者死亡率存在显著差异;躯体疾病是最主要的死因,2 193例(61.65%);1~69岁严重精神障碍死亡患者全部死因造成的潜在寿命年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)为83 380.75人年,平均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)为30.71年,潜在减寿率(potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR)为173.89%;导致寿命损失最多的是精神分裂症;癫痫所致精神障碍导致的AYLL最高,为34.08年。

结论

严重精神障碍是造成人群寿命损失的重要疾病,合并躯体疾病是2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者的主要死因。建议应重视严重精神障碍患者的慢病管理工作,加大救助力度,多措并举,降低患者死亡风险。

严重精神障碍  /  死因分析  /  病死率  /  减寿分析
Objective

To analyze the death status and life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan during the period from 2018 to 2022, in order to provide references for formulating bailout management policy for patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods

The death data on gender, age, diagnosis, cause of death, and other related information were obtained from the National Information System for Severe Mental Disorders during 2018—2022. Excel 2022 and SPSS 21.0 software were applied to analyze the death characteristics, death cause distribution and mortality. Years of life lost (YLL) and related indicators were used to analyze the life expectancy reduction due to severe mental disorders.

Results

From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3 557 patients with severe mental disorders died in Wuhan, most of them had schizophrenia (2 541 cases, 71.44%). There were more male patients (2 019 cases, 56.76%) than female patients (1 538 cases, 43.24%). The average age of death was 58.06±15.21 years, mainly concentrated in the elderly population over 60 years old (1 719 cases, 48.33%). Significant differences in mortality rates were observed between 2018 and 2022(χ2=58.678, P<0.001), with statistically significant differences found only among patients with schizophrenia (χ2=45.600, P<0.001) and those with mental retardation accompanied by mental disorders (χ2=16.120, P=0.003). Physical diseases were the leading cause of death (2 193 cases, 61.65%). For patients aged 1-69 years, all causes of death resulted in 83 380.75 person-years of potential years of life lost (PYLL), an average years of life lost (AYLL) of 30.71 years, and a potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) of 173.89%. The greatest total loss of life was caused by schizophrenia, while the highest AYLL was observed for epilepsy with mental disorders (34.08 years).

Conclusion

Severe mental disorders are important diseases that cause life loss, and combined physical diseases are the main cause of death for patients in Wuhan from 2018 to 2022. It is suggested that we should pay more attention to chronic disease management of patients with severe mental disorders, strengthen bailout, and take multiple measures to reduce the risk of death of patients.

Severe mental disorders  /  Cause of death  /  Case fatality rate  /  Life loss
梅淑芳, 刘修军, 胡雅妮, 陈思婧, 陈文材. 2018—2022年武汉市在管严重精神障碍患者死亡现状与减寿分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3130 -3135 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409222
Shu-fang MEI, Xiu-jun LIU, Ya-ni HU, Si-jing CHEN, Wen-cai CHEN. The death status and life loss of patients with severe mental disorders in Wuhan during the period from 2018 to 2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3130 -3135 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409222
严重精神障碍一般包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、偏执性精神病、癫痫所致精神障碍、分裂情感障碍和精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍等六种疾病[1]。全国范围内已有高达643余万严重精神障碍患者登记在册,且患病率呈现上升趋势[2]。精神障碍患者具有高复发率、高致残率和高自杀率等特点,且研究表明1990—2019年,全球因精神障碍导致的伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year, DALY)数量从8 080万增加到1.25亿,排名由第13名上升至第7名[3],精神卫生问题已成为公共健康的重大挑战。虽然目前国内部分地区已有严重精神障碍患者的死因分析或疾病负担研究,但地区经济水平、人口结构、防控策略等均可能影响研究结果,目前湖北省尚无相关研究报道,因此本研究将利用国家严重精神障碍信息系统中武汉市登记在册的严重精神障碍患者数据,分析2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者的死亡率、死因特征及疾病负担情况,为政府制定严重精神障碍患者相关救治管理政策提供参考数据。
2018年1月1日—2022年12月31日严重精神障碍患者死亡相关信息取自湖北省323精神卫生防治应用系统,内容包括性别、出生日期、居住地、民族、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、精神疾病家族史、经济状况、诊断、初次发病时间、死亡日期、死亡原因等。严重精神障碍患者诊断指精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、分裂型情感障碍、偏执性精神病、癫痫所致精神障碍和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍),符合《严重精神障碍管理治疗工作规范(2018年版)》。排除信息无效、重复和逻辑错误的患者资料。
采用病死率和减寿相关指标对死亡患者资料进行统计分析。减寿相关指标主要有潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost, PYLL)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost, AYLL)和潜在减寿率(potential years of life lost rate, PYLLR)。PYLL=∑[L-(Xi+0.5)]di,其中L是指目标生存年龄,本研究根据《2021年武汉市卫生健康事业发展简报》人均期望寿命[4],将L定为82.15;Xi是指各年龄组的组中值;di是指i组的死亡人数。为排除0岁组和70岁以上年龄组死因复杂对计算结果的干扰,本次数据仅统计1~69岁人群的PYLL;AYLL=PYLL/∑didi是指年龄组死亡人数;PYLLR=PYLL/N,N是指1~69岁的总人口。
采用Excel 2022及SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,用频数和构成比描述患者的死亡特征,率的比较采用Fisher确切检验和χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2018—2022年武汉市死亡严重精神障碍患者共3 557例,其中,精神分裂症占比最大,2 541例(71.44%),偏执性精神病占比最小7例(0.20%);男性占56.76%,多于女性的43.24%;平均死亡年龄(58.06±15.21)岁,老年(≥60岁)1 719例(48.33%),儿童青少年(<18岁)9例(0.25%),病程为25 d~79年,病程中位数22年;死亡患者以汉族、已婚、初中及以下学历、无业和农民、经济贫困人群居多,分别为99.80%、48.07%、74.36%、66.32%、64.13%。
严重精神障碍死亡患者中,死因顺位依次是躯体疾病2 193例(61.65%)、其他691例(19.43%)、精神疾病相关并发症260例(7.31%)、意外252例(7.08%)、自杀156例(4.39%)和他杀5例(0.14%)。不同性别、年龄和诊断类型对应的死因分类具有统计学差异(Fisher检验,P均<0.05)。5例因他杀而死亡的患者均为女性;因躯体疾病(1 170/2 193,53.35%)、精神疾病相关并发(121/260,46.54%)和他杀(2/5,40.00%)死亡的患者主要集中在≥60岁老年群体,因意外(107/252,42.46%)和自杀(80/156,51.28%)死亡的患者主要集中在18~44年龄段;不同诊断类型发生躯体疾病、精神疾病相关并发症和自杀死亡具有统计学差异(Fisher检验,P均<0. 05),癫痫所致精神障碍患者精神疾病相关并发症死亡率、精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)患者躯体疾病死亡率高于其他诊断类型,偏执性精神病患者自杀死亡率高于其他诊断类型。见表1
2018—2022年武汉市严重精神障碍患者死亡率存在显著差异(χ2=58.678,P<0.001),2018年(χ2=11.544,P=0.001)和2020年(χ2=4.308,P=0.038)男性死亡率高于女性。见表2。死亡率最高为≥60岁老年患者;除儿童青少年(<18岁)外,其他各年龄组患者死亡率均存在显著差异,见表3。2019年精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)患者死亡率最高,2021和2022年癫痫所致精神障碍患者死亡率最高;2018—2022年精神分裂症(χ2=45.600,P<0.001)和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)(χ2=16.120,P=0.003)患者死亡率均存在显著差异,见表4
2018—2022年武汉市1~69岁严重精神障碍死亡患者全部死因造成的PYLL为83 380.75人年,AYLL为30.71年,PYLLR为173.89%。导致寿命损失最多的是精神分裂症;癫痫所致精神障碍导致的AYLL最高,为34.08年;减寿顺位依次是癫痫所致精神障碍、精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)、分裂型情感障碍、精神分裂症、偏执性精神病和双相情感障碍,见表5。躯体疾病是导致寿命损失最多的死因,自杀导致的AYLL最高,为39.37年,死因减寿顺位依次是躯体疾病、其他、意外、精神疾病相关并发症、自杀和他杀,见表6
居民的期望寿命与卫生事业投入存在正相关[5],武汉市自2015年开展精神卫生综合管理试点后,加大卫生事业投入,相继出台一系列严重精神障碍患者的救治救助政策,完善管理服务措施,精神卫生工作发展势头良好。本研究结果显示,武汉市严重精神障碍患者的死亡率总体下降,死亡年龄不断提高,平均死亡年龄58.06岁,与济宁市[6]接近,低于宁波市[7]和成都市[8],但远低于武汉市2021年人均期望寿命82.15岁[4],表明武汉市严重精神障碍患者人均期望寿命的提升仍有较大空间。死亡患者中以精神分裂症患者居多,精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)的平均病程最长(33.65年),文化程度低、农民和贫困患者占比较高,与其他地区研究结果一致[7-9],提示在严重精神障碍患者社区管理服务中仍需制定针对性防控策略,提高精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。
多项研究表明[10-11]长期服用抗精神病药物的不良反应累及神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统和呼吸系统等,导致高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和癌症等疾病,且躯体共病广泛存在,躯体疾病已成为危害严重精神障碍患者健康的主要原因。本研究同样表明躯体疾病是严重精神障碍患者的主要死因,也与国内其他地区死因分析结果一致[6-9],因此基本公共卫生服务应将严重精神障碍患者纳入慢性病管理的重点关注对象,争取做到躯体疾病的“早发现、早诊断、早治疗”,降低患者因躯体疾病死亡的可能性。意外和自杀等非自然因素也是严重精神障碍患者的重要死因,本研究显示因意外和自杀死亡的患者主要集中在18~44岁年龄段,一方面可能由于青年患者社会活跃度高,意外事故发生概率高,且青年患者情绪更易冲动,自杀风险也较高[12];另一方面患者及家属均存在不同程度的病耻感,刻意隐瞒病情[13-14],导致部分青年患者延误病情,精神症状未得到有效控制,意外事故发生概率提高。
分析发现,武汉市2018—2022年严重精神障碍患者总体死亡率下降,且2020年患者死亡率低于宁波市[7]和甘肃省[9],表明武汉市在重大公共卫生事件中对严重精神障碍患者的防控策略起到良好的效果。各年份死亡率随年龄增加呈上升趋势,提示应对老年伴发躯体疾病患者予以重点关注。精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)患者死亡率整体下降,其他诊断类型死亡率未出现明显下降趋势,可见应细化分析不同类型疾病的危险因素,采取差异化防控措施,持续降低各类型疾病死亡率。
PYLL和AYLL可作为测量疾病负担、评价人群健康水平的重要指标,强调了早亡对健康的损害。武汉市2018—2022年1~69岁严重精神障碍患者死亡导致PYLL为83 380.75人年,AYLL为30.71年,高于宁波市[7]和成都市[8],提示武汉市精神卫生服务管理能力尚有不足。精神分裂症的寿命损失最多,与国内其他研究一致[8-9],应给予重点关注。癫痫所致精神障碍为减寿第一顺位,其AYLL也位居第一,精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)其次,表明大脑损害对寿命损失的影响较大,可能与两类疾病病程长,患者生活自理能力较差有关,日常的社区综合管理应加强对患者的关爱帮扶。躯体疾病是导致严重精神障碍患者寿命损失最多的死因,主要是严重精神障碍患者的躯体疾病患病率较高[15-16],且医疗资源获取困难和社会歧视等问题显著[17-18],共病管理策略尚不完善[19],导致寿命缩短,应加强慢性病综合防控,优化医疗资源配置,以降低患者过早死亡风险。自杀导致的AYLL最高,与其他研究一致[20-21],未来应加强对严重精神障碍患者的早期识别和综合干预,以降低自杀风险及其对寿命损失的影响。
综上所述,武汉市严重精神障碍患者的死亡率总体下降,躯体疾病是严重精神障碍患者最主要的死因,AYLL为30.71年,癫痫所致精神障碍和精神发育迟滞(伴发精神障碍)具有发病年龄早,病程长的特点,分别位于减寿顺位第一和第二。本研究具有一定的局限性,所有数据信息来源于精防人员采集后录入,准确性有待进一步提高;资料缺乏患者躯体疾病的具体死因,无法进一步分析患者具体死因及分布情况;抗精神病药物使用时间部分资料缺失,药物使用对患者生存的影响无法评估。在今后的研究中应保障信息的准确性和全面性,有利于更加深入的分析影响患者死亡的因素,明确工作重点,有针对性的防控和干预。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409222
  • 接收时间:2024-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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    1.武汉市精神卫生中心精神科,湖北 武汉 430000
    2.武汉市心理医院,湖北 武汉 430000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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